11. SAUROPUS Blume, Bijdr

Transcription

1 11. SAUROPUS Blume, Bijdr 守宫木属 shou gong mu shu Li Bingtao ( 李秉滔 Li Ping-tao); Michael G. Gilbert Aalius Rumphius ex Kuntze; Breyniopsis Beille; Ceratogynum Wight; Diplomorpha Griffith (1854), not Meisner (1841); Synostemon F. Mueller. Erect shrubs, rarely herbs or climbers, monoecious or dioecious; indumentum of simple or gland-tipped hairs, often absent. Leaves alternate; stipules small, paired, inserted at bilateral base of petiole; leaf blade simple, entire, pinnately veined or rarely obscurely 3-veined from base, petiolate. Flowers smaller, apetalous. Male flowers axillary or cauliflorous, clustered or solitary, rarely in racemelike thyrses or short cymes; pedicels usually bracteolate at base; calyx discoid, cup-shaped, or turbinate, entire or 6-lobed, lobes obscurely biseriate, imbricate, erect, or spreading, margins slightly thick, with a whorl of scalelike adaxial lobes at bases of calyx lobes, rarely absent; petals absent; stamens 3, opposite outer sepals; filaments usually connate into a short cylinder; anthers free, bilocular, thecae 2, extrorse, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode absent. Female flowers axillary, solitary or paired or with males, rarely inserted at base of male inflorescence; calyx usually 6-parted; sepals biseriate, imbricate, sometimes thickened at fruiting; disk absent; ovary ovoid or depressed globose, truncate or retuse at apex, 3-locular; ovules 2 per locule; styles 3, free or connate at base, much divergent, 2-branched at apex, arms recurved. Fruit a capsule, depressed or ovoid, breaking into 3 2-valved cocci when mature. Seeds not carunculate; endosperm fleshy; cotyledon flattened and broad. About 56 species: Mascarenes, India, and Sri Lanka to Indo-Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, and Australia; 15 species (four endemic, one introduced) in China. The dividing line between Sauropus and the following genus, Breynia, is for the most part rather clear-cut but there are a few species that seem to mix characters of the two genera. 1a. Creeping or obliquely ascending herbs; sepals with adaxial gland-pits, male sepal margins distally irregularly crenate; stipules awned S. bacciformis 1b. Erect shrubs; sepals without gland-pits, male sepal margins entire or shallowly undulate; stipules without awns. 2a. Leaf blade 3-veined. 3a. Male inflorescence a raceme; calyx 6-fid to middle, lobes ovate-triangular; female sepals obovate S. trinervius 3b. Male inflorescence an axillary cluster; calyx entire, margins undulate; female sepals broadly ovate S. repandus 2b. Leaf blade pinnately veined. 4a. Inflorescence with distinct main axis, cauliflorous, arising from base or lower part of stem or main branches at ground level; anther connectives forming triangular head with anthers at angles. 5a. Branches, petioles, and base of leaf blade abaxially pubescent when young; leaves pendent, usually crowded toward stem apex; leaf blade usually spatulate, apex rounded; sepals red or purple S. spatulifolius 5b. Branches, leaf blade abaxially, and petioles glabrous; leaves not pendent, never clustered at stem apex; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, ovate-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, apex acuminate or shortly so; sepals yellow-green with red streaks S. bonii 4b. Inflorescence without distinct axis, in upper axils of branches; anther connectives not enlarged. 6a. Leaf blade leathery, reticulate veins prominent S. reticulatus 6b. Leaf blade membranous to papery, reticulate veins ± obscure. 7a. Female pedicels 2 6 cm, to 13 cm in fruit S. macranthus 7b. Female pedicels cm. 8a. Lateral veins pairs, base of midrib on both surfaces and of leaf blade margin equally densely stiffly papillate S. yanhuianus 8b. Lateral veins 4 8 pairs, midrib and leaf blade margin more sparsely papillate. 9a. Leaf blade papery or thickly papery. 10a. Leaf apex rounded, mucronulate S. similis 10b. Leaf apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate. 11a. Leaf apex acuminate, lateral veins slightly raised on both surfaces; male sepals broadly or obliquely ovate; female sepals ovate S. pierrei 11b. Leaf apex caudate-acuminate, lateral veins adaxially flattened, elevated abaxially; male sepals oblong-lanceolate; female sepals spatulate S. tsiangii 9b. Leaf blade membranous or thinly papery. 12a. Branchlets 4-sided; leaf blade cm, apex obtuse, rounded, truncate, or retuse, lateral veins obliquely ascendant; male calyx deeply 6-partite. 13a. Branches glabrous; leaf blade apex rounded, not mucronulate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, lateral veins slender S. quadrangularis

2 13b. Branches pubescent; leaf blade apex rounded, truncate, or retuse, mucronulate, base shallowly cordate, truncate, or rounded, lateral veins more robust, forked at apex, reticulate nerves prominent S. delavayi 12b. Branchlets obscurely angular when young, terete with age; leaf blade cm, apex usually acuminate, rarely acute, lateral veins curved-ascendant; male calyx shallowly 6-fid. 14a. Branchlets and veins of young leaves puberulent; female sepals ovate or elliptic; leaf blade glaucous; capsules obovoid to ovoid S. garrettii 14b. Branchlets and veins of leaves glabrous; female sepals obovate; leaf blade yellowish green; capsules depressed globose or globose S. androgynus 1. Sauropus bacciformis (Linnaeus) Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 35: 艾堇 ai jin Phyllanthus bacciformis Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 2: ; Agyneia affinis Kurz ex Teijsmann & Binnendijk; A. bacciformis (Linnaeus) A. Jussieu; A. bacciformis var. angustifolia Müller Argoviensis; A. bacciformis var. oblongifolia Müller Argoviensis; A. gonioclada (Merrill & Chun) H. Keng; A. phyllanthoides Sprengel; A. taiwaniana H. Keng; Diplomorpha bacciformis (Linnaeus) Kuntze; D. herbacea Griffith; Emblica annua Rafinesque; E. grandis Gaertner; E. racemosa (Linnaeus f.) Sprengel; Phyllanthus goniocladus Merrill & Chun; P. racemosus Linnaeus f.; Synostemon bacciformis (Linnaeus) G. L. Webster. Herbs or subshrubs to 60 cm tall, erect, diffuse or prostrate, monoecious, glabrous throughout; stem solitary or several branched arising from base; branches acutely 4-angled or with narrow membranous wing. Stipules narrowly triangular to falcate, mm, apex awned, persistent; petiole to 1 mm; leaf blade oblong, elliptic-obovate, rotund, or lanceolate, (0.7 ) cm, ± fleshy, membranous when dried, abaxially somewhat papillate and glaucous, base rounded, rarely cuneate, margin flat, without asperities, apex obtuse or acute, mucronulate; venation pinnate, lateral veins obscure. Inflorescences axillary, flowers in clusters, green to light purple. Sepals with adaxial gland-pits. Male flowers several in lower axils, 1 2 mm in diam.; pedicels (0.6 )1 1.5 mm; sepals 6, broadly ovate or obovate, mm, apex irregularly crenate; disk lobes fleshy, at bases of sepals, yellow-green; stamens 3 4 mm; filament column ca. 0.2 mm. Female flowers in distal axils, solitary, 3 4[ 5.5] mm in diam.; pedicel 1 1.5[ 4] mm; sepals oblong-lanceolate, mm, apex [acute or] acuminate; disk absent. Fruiting sepals reflexed; capsules broadly ovoid, cm, purple when mature, with rim around styles, endocarp and exocarp separating. Seeds yellowish, 3-angled, slender and curved, 3 4[ 4.9] [1.2 ]2 mm, surface strobiculate. Fl. Apr Jul, fr. Jul Nov. x = 13. Seashore sandy tracts, especially on brackish clayey soil; near sea level to below 100 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan [Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Indian Ocean islands (Mauritius, Réunion)]. 2. Sauropus trinervius J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex Müller Argoviensis, Linnaea 32: 三脉守宫木 san mai shou gong mu Aalius trinervia (J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex Müller Argoviensis) Kuntze. Erect shrubs to 4 m tall, monoecious, glabrous except for glandular-pubescent branches; branches angular. Stipules lanceolate, 5 8 mm; petiole ca. 3 mm; leaf blade ovate or ovatelanceolate, cm, base obtuse or rounded, apex acute; basal veins 3, lateral veins 4 6 pairs, slender. Inflorescence axillary. Male flowers in racemes on short peduncles, with minute bracts; pedicels slender, 7 10 mm; calyx enlarging, ca. 5 mm in diam., 6-lobed to middle; sepals ovatetriangular, ca. 4 mm, reflexed; disk segments 6, biseriate, outer shorter and wider than inner, apex obtuse; stamens 3; filaments connate into a cylinder. Female flowers solitary, axillary; pedicel ca. 7 mm; calyx 4 6 mm in diam., 6-lobed; sepals 6, biseriate, usually unequal, obovate, outer 2 as long as inner; ovary oblongovoid, apex truncate; styles short. Fruiting pedicel absent; capsule globose, ca. 2.5 cm in diam., exocarp thinly crustaceous stellate, 6-valved, cocci with a large adaxial hollow. Fl. May Sep, fr. Aug Nov. Open forested slopes or valley scrub; m. Yunnan (Huize, Kaiyuan) [Bangladesh, India]. The epithet was based on the not validly published name Phyllanthus trinervius (Wallich, Numer. List, no ). 3. Sauropus repandus Müller Argoviensis, Flora 65: 波萼守宫木 bo e shou gong mu Erect shrubs ca. 1 m tall, monoecious; stem terete, brown; branches compressed and angular, gray-yellow. Stipules lanceolate, 2 3 mm; petiole ca. 3 mm; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, cm, membranous, abaxially greenish, dark green adaxially, base broadly cuneate or obtuse to rounded, apex acuminate or shortly so; basal veins 3, midrib slightly raised on both surfaces, lateral veins 3 5 pairs. Inflorescence in axillary clusters. Male flowers: pedicels filamentous, 5 6 mm; calyx discoid, 5 6 mm in diam., margins shallowly undulate, greenish; disk segments 6, obcordate, flattened, membranous, depressed at apex, adnate to calyx inside; stamens 3; filaments connate into a short cylinder. Female flowers: pedicels 6 13 mm; calyx 7 9 mm in diam., 6- lobed to base; sepals biseriate, outer broadly ovate, apex obtuse, inner shorter than outer, rotund; ovary turbinate, apex truncate; styles 3, bifid at apex, lobes recurved. Fruit not seen. Fl. Sep Oct.

3 Open forested slopes; m. S Yunnan (Menghai) [Bhutan, India (Sikkim)]. 4. Sauropus spatulifolius Beille in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo- Chine 5: 龙脷叶 long li ye Sauropus changianus S. Y. Hu. Evergreen shrublets cm tall, monoecious; stem scabrous; branches terete, 2 5 mm in diam., scorpioid-curved, rugose. Leaves usually clustered apically, often recurved or pendulous; stipules mm wide at base, glandularpubescent when young, persistent; petiole 2 5 mm, glandularpubescent when young, glabrescent; leaf blade spatulate, obovate-oblong, or ovate, sometimes oblong, cm, ± fleshy when fresh, thinly leathery or thickly papery when dry, dark green and nerves gray-white adaxially when live, yellow-white when dry, usually glabrous, sometimes abaxially glandular-pubescent at base, glabrescent, base cuneate or obtuse, rarely rounded, apex rounded or obtuse, rarely retuse; venation pinnate, midrib flat when live, raised on both surfaces when dry, lateral veins 6 9 pairs, flat on both surfaces. Inflorescence cauliflorous, 2 5-flowered clusters or leafless branches at middle or lower part, sometimes in short cymes to 15 mm; peduncles short and robust, with many bracts; bracts lanceolate, ca. 2 mm. Male flowers: pedicels filamentous, 3 5 mm; calyx red or purple; sepals 6, biseriate, subequal, obovate, 2 3 ca. 1.5 mm; disk segments 6, opposite sepals; stamens 3; filaments connate into a short cylinder. Female flowers: pedicels 2 3 mm; sepals as in male; disk absent; ovary subglobose, ca. 1 mm in diam., 3-locular; styles 3, bifid at apex. Fruit not seen. Fl. Feb Oct. Cultivated for medicine. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi [native to N Vietnam; cultivated in Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand]. The leaves are used as medicine for coughs, sore throat, and acute bronchitis. 5. Sauropus bonii Beille in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 茎花守宫木 jing hua shou gong mu Shrubs to 3 m tall, monoecious, glabrous throughout; stem gray; branches angular, green. Stipules triangular, 3 5 mm; petiole 3 6 mm; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, ovate-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, cm, papery, abaxially greenish, dark green adaxially, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate or shortly so; venation pinnate, lateral veins 7 11 pairs, obliquely ascending, arcuately anastomosing to before margins. Inflorescences cauliflorous, from base to lower part of stem, narrow racemelike thyrses, usually pendent, 6 15 cm, bisexual; peduncles and pedicels with imbricate bracts and bracteoles. Male flowers: pedicels filamentous, 2 34 mm; calyx cup-shaped, 3 5 mm in diam., margins undulate, membranous, yellowish, with red streak; disk shallowly 6-fid, adnate to calyx; stamens 3; filaments connate into a cylinder; anthers oblong. Female flowers: pedicels 2 3 mm; calyx campanulate, 3 5 mm in diam., 6-lobed; sepals biseriate, spatulate or obovate, outer 3 5 mm, inner 2 4 mm; ovary ovoid or globose, 3-locular; styles 3, free, bifid at apex, arms recurved. Capsules subglobose, ca cm, prominently 6-valved when mature. Fl. Apr Aug, fr. Jun Oct. Forests or scrubby slopes on limestone; m. NW and SW Guangxi (Longzhou, Tian e) [Vietnam]. Records of Sauropus bonii from Thailand seem to be based on a misidentification of S. disciflorus Welzen, which has much shorter inflorescences. 6. Sauropus reticulatus X. L. Mo ex P. T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 网脉守宫木 wang mai shou gong mu Shrubs ca. 2 m tall, erect, glabrous throughout. Stipules triangular, caducous; petiole ca. 5 mm; leaf blade oblong, oblong-elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, cm, leathery, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, apex acuminate; venation pinnate, lateral veins 8 10 pairs, reticulate veins raised on both surfaces. Flowers not seen. Infructescence axillary, 1- fruited. Fruiting pedicel ca. 3 cm; persistent sepals 6, broadly obovate, ca mm, thick; capsule depressed globose, ca cm; persistent styles 3, free, bifid. Fr. Aug Nov. Open forests or scrubby slopes on limestone; m. W Guangxi (Jingxi), W Yunnan (Luxi). Flowers are needed to confirm the generic placement of this plant. 7. Sauropus macranthus Hasskarl, Retzia 1: 长梗守宫木 chang geng shou gong mu Aalius macrantha (Hasskarl) Kuntze; A. macrophylla (J. D. Hooker) Kuntze; Sauropus grandifolius Pax & K. Hoffmann; S. grandifolius var. tonkinensis Beille; S. longipedicellatus Merrill & Chun; S. macrophyllus J. D. Hooker. Shrubs 3 4 m tall, erect, monoecious, glabrous throughout; branchlets angular. Stipules subulate-lanceolate, 3 6 mm, graybrown; petiole mm; leaf blade ovate-oblong, ovate-elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, cm, papery, conspicuously white-margined, base cuneate to rounded, apex shortly acuminate; venation pinnate, lateral veins 6 10 pairs, nearly flattened. Inflorescence axillary, 1-flowered or several male and female per cluster. Male flowers: pedicels mm; calyx discoid, mm in diam., shallowly 6 8-fid, with red stripes; sepals narrowly triangular; disk segments 6 8, opposite sepals. Female flowers solitary or several and male mixed in axillary cluster; pedicels 2 6 cm; calyx yellow-green, 6-lobed; sepals slightly thick, biseriate, outer obovate or subspatulate, ovateelliptic, mm, inner shorter, obovate, ca. 5 mm, with purple stripes; disk absent; pistil depressed globose, ca mm, 3-locular; styles 3, bifid at apex, arms recurved. Fruiting pedicel 9 13 cm; persistent sepals obovate, hooked, ca. 1 cm; capsules subglobose or depressed globose, lobed, ca cm, red or red-brown, styles persistent at apex. Fl. May Sep, fr. Aug Dec. Broad-leaved forests, valley scrub; m. Guangdong, Hai-

4 nan, Yunnan [NE India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia]. 8. Sauropus yanhuianus P. T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 多脉守宫木 duo mai shou gong mu Shrubs ca. 1.5 m tall, erect, glabrous throughout; branches angular, gray-green. Stipules triangular, ca. 1.5 mm; petiole ca. 3 mm; leaf blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate, cm, thinly papery; lateral veins pairs, arcuately anastomosing to before margins. Male flowers not seen. Female flowers axillary, solitary or paired, bracteolate at base; pedicels 6 10 mm, swollen near apex; calyx yellow-green, 6-lobed; sepals oblongobovate, mm; ovary globose, ca. 3.5 mm in diam., 3-locular; styles 3, free, short. Fruit not seen. Fl. Jun. Dense forests; m. S Yunnan (Cangyuan). 9. Sauropus pierrei (Beille) Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 盈江守宫木 ying jiang shou gong mu Breyniopsis pierrei Beille, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: Erect shrubs 1 4 m tall, monoecious, glabrous throughout; stem brownish, rugose; branches angular when young, later terete. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm; petiole 3 4 mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, cm, papery or thickly papery, abaxially gray-green, adaxially dark green, base attenuate to obtuse; venation pinnate, midrib elevated abaxially, lateral veins 5 8 pairs, slightly elevated on both surfaces. Inflorescence subtended by leaves. Male flowers in clusters; pedicels slender, 3 4 mm, with many overlapping membranous bracteoles below middle; sepals broadly ovate or obliquely ovate, ca mm; stamen filaments connate to below middle; anthers ovoid. Female flowers 1 or 2; pedicels ca. 5 mm; sepals ovate, ca. 2 mm; ovary ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm. Capsules globose, cm in diam.; sepals and styles usually persistent. Fl. Jun Sep, fr. Sep Nov. Open forests; m. Yunnan (Yingjiang) [Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia (Borneo), Vietnam]. 10. Sauropus tsiangii P. T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 尾叶守宫木 wei ye shou gong mu Shrubs ca. 1 m tall, erect, monoecious, glabrous throughout; stem terete; branchlets angular. Stipules caducous; petiole 3 4 mm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, cm, papery, base rounded, apex caudate-acuminate; venation pinnate, midrib elevated on both surfaces, lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs, flattened adaxially, elevated abaxially. Inflorescence axillary, usually 3-flowered. Male flowers: pedicels filamentous, 5 8 mm; sepals 6, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm; disk segments 6, semiorbicular, shorter and opposite to sepals; stamens 3; filaments connate for less than 1/2 length; anthers oblong. Female flowers: sepals 6, spatulate, ca. 5 mm, apex obtuse; ovary depressed-triangular, ca. 2 mm in diam., 3-locular; styles 3, bifid at apex, arms recurved. Fruit not seen. Fl. May Sep. Limestone forests; m. SW Guangxi (Longzhou). 11. Sauropus similis Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 短尖守宫木 duan jian shou gong mu Shrubs to 3 m tall, monoecious, glabrous throughout; branches 4-angled. Stipules triangular to basally auriculate to falcate mm; petiole mm; leaf blade ovate, cm, ± thickly papery, abaxially paler, adaxially with lighter midrib, base cordate to cuneate, apex rounded, mucronulate; venation pinnate, midrib often papillate, lateral veins 5 8 pairs. Inflorescence subtended by leaves, small clusters of male flowers or solitary female flowers. Male flowers: pedicels mm; calyx discoid, mm in diam., shallowly lobed, lobes mm, apex entire; anthers ca mm. Female flowers: pedicel mm; calyx yellow to red, mm in diam.; sepals spadelike, mm; ovary mm in diam. Fruiting pedicel to 1.25 cm; persistent calyx to 12.5 mm in diam.; capsule ovoid, ca mm, apex with low rim. Seeds 3-angled, mm. Yunnan [Myanmar, Thailand]. Sauropus similis is included on the basis of the Flora of Thailand account (see ThSauropusT.htm#Sauropus_similis). 12. Sauropus quadrangularis (Willdenow) Müller Argoviensis, Linnaea 32: 方枝守宫木 fang zhi shou gong mu Phyllanthus quadrangularis Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: ; Aalius ceratogynum Kuntze; A. compressa (Müller Argoviensis) Kuntze; A. pubescens (J. D. Hooker) Kuntze; A. quadrangularis (Müller Argoviensis) Kuntze; A. rigida (Thwaites) Kuntze; Ceratogynum rhamnoides Wight; P. leschenaultii Müller Argoviensis var. tenellus Müller Argoviensis; P. rhamnoides Roxburgh (1832), not Retzius (1788); Sauropus ceratogynum Baillon; S. compressus Müller Argoviensis; S. concinnus Collett & Hemsley; S. pubescens J. D. Hooker; S. quadrangularis Müller Argoviensis var. compressus (Müller Argoviensis) Airy Shaw; S. rigidus Thwaites. Erect shrubs to 1 m tall, monoecious, glabrous [to hirsute] throughout; stem gray-brown; branchlets 4-angled or compressed. Stipules lanceolate [to sometimes strongly falcate], 1 2[ 2.7] [ 3.5 when falcate] mm; petiole mm; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or rounded, 5 20( 25) 3 12 mm, membranous or thinly papery, base rounded or obtuse, apex rounded or obtuse, mucronate; venation pinnate, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, slender, obliquely ascending, not raised. Inflorescence subtended by leaves, 1- or 2-flowered. Male flowers 2 3 mm; calyx discoid, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., 6-lobed; sepals apex obtuse or retuse; disk scales very short; anthers spreading. Female flowers: pedicels mm; sepals subobovate, apex acute; disk 6-lobed; ovary small, apex

5 concave, with crenulate rim; stigmas erect. Capsules ovoid, ca. 4 mm, rather woody when dry, with lobed rim around stigmas, exocarp thin, spreading, ± stellate when dry. Seeds 3- angled, ca mm. Fl. Jun Oct, fr. Sep Dec. Open forests or valley scrub, broad-leaved forests; m. Guangxi, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam]. Sauropus quadrangularis has distinctive ovaries and fruits, longer than wide and with usually erect stigmas inserted in an apical depression delineated by a distinct rim. Varieties based on variation in stem morphology, whether the branchlets are 4-angled or compressed and only 2-angled (var. compressus), and in indumentum (var. pubescens), are not well-founded as these characters can vary within populations. 13. Sauropus delavayi Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 石山守宫木 shi shan shou gong mu Erect shrubs to 1 m tall, more branched, monoecious, glabrous except for glandular-pubescent branchlets; stem gray; branches 4-angled, red-brown. Stipules linear, mm; petiole mm; leaf blade orbicular, cm, papery, base rounded or shallowly cordate, apex rounded, truncate, or retuse, sometimes mucronate; venation pinnate, midrib and lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, elevated on both surfaces, reticulate veins prominent. Inflorescence axillary, usually 1- flowered. Male flowers: pedicels ca. 3 mm; calyx discoid, ca. 2 mm in diam., red; sepals ovate, ca. 1 mm; disk segments 6; stamen filaments connate. Female flowers: pedicels ca. 2 mm; calyx ca. 2 3 mm in diam.; sepals obovate, ca. 1.5 mm; ovary ovoid, apex shallowly undulate. Persistent sepals ovate, ca. 3 mm; capsule globose, cm in diam. Fl. May Sep, fr. Aug Dec. Scrub; m. Guangxi (Longgang), NW Yunnan (Binchuan, Heqing). 14. Sauropus garrettii Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 苍叶守宫木 cang ye shou gong mu Sauropus chorisepalus Merrill & Chun; S. yunnanensis Pax & K. Hoffmann. Shrubs to 4 m tall, erect, glabrous except for puberulent young branchlets and veins of leaf blade; branches sometimes compressed, usually sharply 2-keeled; branchlets obscurely angular when young, terete with age, slender. Stipules oblonglanceolate, mm; petiole ca. 2 mm; leaf blade rhombicovate, ovate-lanceolate, rarely oblong or ovate, cm, membranous or thinly papery, abaxially glaucous or glaucescent, adaxially dark green when dry, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or truncate, apex usually acuminate, rarely acute; venation pinnate, lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs. Plants monoecious. Inflorescence axillary, 1- or 2-flowered, or male and female mixed in axillary clusters. Male flowers: pedicels slender, 3 10 mm, with dense bracteoles at base; calyx disk-shaped, 3 5 mm in diam., shallowly 6-fid, segments ovate or subelliptic, apex acute or acuminate, membranous; stamens 3; filaments connate. Female flowers: pedicels slender, 6 15 mm; calyx turbinate; ovary apex truncate, 3-locular; styles 3, bifid at apex, arms recurved. Capsules obovate or subovoid, cm in diam. Seeds black, triquetrous. Fl. Apr Aug, fr. Aug Nov. Evergreen forests on slopes or in valleys, moist scrub; m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,?Hainan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, Thailand]. 15. Sauropus androgynus (Linnaeus) Merrill, Bull. Bur. Forest. Philipp. Islands 1: 守宫木 shou gong mu Clutia androgyna Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 1: ; Aalius androgyna (Linnaeus) Kuntze; A. retroversa (Wight) Kuntze; A. sumatrana (Miquel) Kuntze; Agyneia ovata Poiret; Andrachne ovata Lamarck ex Poiret; Phyllanthus strictus Roxburgh; Sauropus albicans Blume; S. albicans var. gardnerianus (Wight) Müller Argoviensis; S. albicans var. intermedius Müller Argoviensis; S. albicans var. zeylanicus (Wight) Müller Argoviensis; S. convexus J. J. Smith; S. gardnerianus Wight; S. indicus Wight; S. parviflorus Pax & K. Hoffmann; S. retroversus Wight; S. scandens C. B. Robinson; S. sumatranus Miquel; S. zeylanicus Wight. Shrubs 1 3 m tall, erect, monoecious, glabrous throughout; branchlets angular when young, terete with age, slender, green. Stipules lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, mm; petiole 2 4 mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, oblonglanceolate, or lanceolate, cm, submembranous or thinly papery, base cuneate, rounded, or truncate, apex acuminate; venation pinnate, lateral veins 5 7 pairs, elevated abaxially, flattened adaxially, reticulate veins obscure. Inflorescence axillary, 1- or 2-flowered, or several male and female per cluster. Male flowers: pedicels slender, mm; calyx shallowly disk-shaped, 5 12 mm in diam., shallowly 6- fid; sepals obovate; disk segments 6, opposite to sepals, incurved distally, covering anthers; stamens 3; fila-

6 ments connate; anthers extrorse. Female flowers usually solitary, axillary; pedicel 6 8 mm; calyx red, 6-lobed; sepals obovate or obovate-triangular, mm, base attenuate into a short claw; disk absent; ovary depressed globose, ca mm, 3-locular; styles 3, bifid. Fruiting pedicel cm; persistent calyx red; capsule white, depressed globose or globose, ca cm, thinly crustaceous. Seeds black, triquetrous, ca. 7 5 mm. Fl. Apr Jul, fr. Jul Dec. Slopes with brushwood, sunny forest margins; m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam]. Sauropus androgynus is widely cultivated. The leaves are used as a medicine for coughs and to soothe the lungs, as a tonic, and as a febrifugal to relieve internal fever; they are also used as a vegetable ( Sweet Leaf Bush ).

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