Cantigny Needs Your Help!

Transcription

1 CANTIGNY ADVE N T URES

2 Cantigny Needs Your Help! Cantigny is proud to have so many different types of trees along the Hiking Trail and they need your help to name each one. A special map has been made showing where the trees are located and each tree has a numbered tag attached to it. Using the descriptions and pictures of the trees in this guide, and the special map, list the names of each tree next to their numbers from the map. Answer key can be found on the inside back cover.

3 Tree Name Sheet

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5 Trees Find the trees with the special numbered tags. When you think you have identified the tree, write-in the tree s name next to the proper number on the Tree Name Sheet. 10 CANTIGNY ADVE N T URES

6 Tree School Before you head out to help identify some of the trees along Cantigny s Hiking Trail, let s take a minute to learn about the different types of trees and how they grow. Anatomy of a Tree The outer bark is the tree s protection from A the outside world. Continually renewed from within, it helps keep out moisture in the rain, and prevents the tree from losing moisture when the air is dry. It insulates against cold and heat and wards off insect enemies. A Cross-Section of the Inside of a Tree Trunk B A The inner bark, or phloem, is pipeline E D B C through which food is passed to the rest of the tree. It lives for only a short time, then dies and turns to cork to become part of the protective outer bark. The cambium cell layer is the growing part of the trunk. It annually C produces new bark and new wood in response to hormones that pass down through the phloem with food from the leaves. These hormones, called auxins, stimulate growth in cells. Auxins are produced by leaf buds at the ends of branches as soon as they start growing in spring. Sapwood is the tree s pipeline for water moving up to the leaves. D Sapwood is new wood. As newer rings of sapwood are laid down, inner cells lose their vitality and turn to heartwood. Heartwood is the central, supporting pillar of the tree. Although dead, E it will not decay or lose strength while the outer layers are intact. A composite of hollow, needlelike cellulose fibers bound together by a chemical glue called lignin, it is in many ways as strong as steel. A piece 12 long and 1 by 2 in cross section set vertically can support a weight of twenty tons!

7 Leaves Make Food for the Tree And this tells us much about their shapes. For example, the narrow needles of a Douglasfir can expose as much as three acres of chlorophyll surface to the sun. The lobes, leaflets and jagged edges of many broad leaves have their uses, too. They help evaporate the water used in food-building, reduce wind resistance even provide drip tips to shed rain that, left standing, could decay the leaf. Tree Terms Branches: These arms of the tree hold the leaves or needles up to receive the sun s energy. Cambium Cell: Is the growing part of the tree trunk. Coniferous: Trees that have small waxy leaves, sometimes needles, which are usually kept all year. Deciduous: Trees which shed their leaves or fruit at seasonal intervals. Gums: The trees sap contains food made by photosynthesis and other minerals and nutrients. Sticky gums in the sap are used by the tree to protect it from invading insects and wounds that cut through the bark. People use tree gums for many useful products, such as adhesives, drying agents in paint and ink, and ingredients in soap and cough syrup, to name a few. Leaves or needles: The miracle of photosynthesis takes place here. Air and water come together with energy from the sun. Food is the end product, which the tree uses to grow bigger and reproduce. Oxygen is a welcome by-product of the process. Leaves or needles also help filter pollutants, shelter wildlife and shade the homes of fish and people. Palmate(ly): Leaves resembling fingers on a hand. Pinnate(ly): Leaves that resemble feathers. Roots: Serving as both anchor and sponge, the roots help to stabilize the tree and to soak up water and nutrients for the tree to use in photosynthesis. Roots also serve as a storage area for sugars made through photosynthesis, and help hold precious forest soils in place. Trunk: The woody trunk is what makes a plant a tree. It holds the branches and leaves up to the sun. Wood in the trunk is used for countless wood and paper products that people use every day. Tree trunks also provide homes for animals. Whorl(ed): Three or more leaves originating from the same point.

8 Black Alder Alnus Glutinosa Native to Europe and western Asia. Deciduous, simple, dark green, round leaves with wavy margins. Alternate leaf arrangement. Fruit is a dry egg-shaped cone less than one inch. Can grow 40 to 60 feet tall. Black Cherry Prunus serotina Native to Canada down through the eastern part of the United States. Alternate, simple leaf arrangement. Leaves are dark green and oval about two to five inches long. Bark on large, adult trees looks like burnt potato chips. Flowers are showy, white and bloom in May. Fruit is small red berry mature in August.

9 Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia Native to the central and southeastern United States. Medium to large deciduous tree. Leaves are pinnately compound with seven to nineteen leaflets. Fruit is a flat pod that dries and turns brown in October. Bark has heavy rope-like ridges; stems may be thorny around buds. Bur Oak Quercus macrocarpa Native to eastern and central United States. Large deciduous tree; width may be greater than height at maturity. Simple leaves arranged alternately. Four to ten inches leaves have two to three pairs of rounded lobes that have a whitish underside. Fruit is an acorn with burs or hair on the cap. Bark has very deep ridges, and may appear cork-like on smaller twigs.

10 Dawn Redwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides Native to China; seeds were collected in the mid 1940 s by the Arnold Arboretum and brought back to the United States. A deciduous, coniferous, large tree with a uniform cone shape. Leaves look like needles and are oppositely arranged on stem. Leaves turn reddish bronze before dropping in the fall. Fruit is a half inch to one inch cone that is blue when young then turns brown when mature. Bark is reddish brown and appears shredded Trunk usually flares out wide at base Douglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii Native to western North America, both in Rocky Mountains and coastal regions. Large evergreen, coniferous tree with a cone shape. Leaves are evergreen needles one to one and a half inches arranged spirally on the branch. Base of needle is angled like a hockey stick. Three to four inch cones have three pointed scale extending from between scales.

11 Downy Hawthorn Crataegus mollis Native to Canada down through the Dakotas and Virginia. Deciduous tree with simple, alternate leaves. Leaves are oval, have serrations on the margin, and turn bronze-red in the fall. White flowers bloom in May. Fruit is a red berry that matures in late August. Bark is grayish brown with two inch thorns along branches. Eastern Redbud Cercis canadensis Native to the southeastern and central United States, from New Jersey south. Small deciduous tree with a round to flat top shape. Main trunk is short, dividing into several large branches close to the ground. Simple, alternately arranged leaves are wide and heart shaped. Numerous small pink flowers appear before leaves in spring. Fruit is a flattened bean pod that changes from green to dark brown in October. Bark is brown or reddish brown and scaly on older branches.

12 Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Native to eastern United States. Medium to large deciduous tree. Leaves are opposite and compound with five to nine leaflets. Yellow fall color. Fruit is paddle shaped and turns brown as it matures. Grooves in bark form a sort of diamond pattern. Honey Locust Gleditsia triacanthos Native to parts of the central Untied States. Medium to large deciduous tree with alternate leaf arrangement. Six to eight inch leaves are compound with many small leaflets and bright green. Fruit is seven to eighteen inches long twisted, flattened pods that change from green to dark brown as they mature. Gray-brown bark develops smooth plate-like patches separated by deep wrinkles.

13 Horsechestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Native to Greece and Albania. Large deciduous flowering tree. Lower branches hang down with branch tips turning upward. Opposite and palmately compound with huge leaflets being four to ten inches long. Showy flowers bloom through May. Fruit is contained in a very spiny husk that matures September and October. Most of the bark is dark gray and brown. Kentucky Coffee Tree Gymnocladus dioicus Native to the eastern and central United States. Large deciduous tree. Alternately arranged leaves are bipinnately compound. Leaves are up to three feet long and two feet wide. Fruit is a chunky, dark reddish brown pod that can be five to ten inches long. Gray bark is rough and fissured.

14 Northern Catalpa Catalpa speciosa Native to the midwest United States. Medium sized deciduous tree. Leaves are opposite but appear whorled at stem tip. Six to twelve inch leaves are heart shaped. Large white flowers bloom in June. Fruit is a long bean-like capsule that can be up to twenty inches long. Ridged bark is grayish brown in color. Norway Spruce Picea abies Native to northern and central Europe. Large evergreen conifer. Branches sweep out and up but branchlets with needles hang down. Needles tend to point downwards and towards the stem tip. Cones are found at ends of branches; four to six inches long.

15 Pin Oak Quercus palustris Native to northeastern and north-central U.S. Large deciduous tree with gumdrop shape when older. Unique branching pattern; lower branches hanging, middle branches horizontal, upper branches upright and spreading. Alternate, simple leaves have sharply pointed lobes. Leaves have five to seven lobes, each with terminal bristles. Produces small acorns (half to three quarter inch). Gray-brown bark is mostly smooth or has shallow ridges. Prairie Fire Crabapple Malus spp. Native to Asia. Small deciduous tree. Simple, alternate leaves are oval shaped. Five petaled flowers are fluorescent pink/ red and bloom April to early May. Fruit are red berries held in clusters. Gray-brown bark is shiny and scaly.

16 Shagbark Hickory Carya ovata Native to Quebec and southwest to Texas. Large deciduous tree with a very straight trunk. Alternate leaves are pinnately compound with five or seven leaflets per leaf. Leaflets can be four to six inches long with the end leaflet being the longest. Fruit is a rounded nut that splits at base when mature. Old bark is gray-brown and shags into large plates. Sugar Maple Acer saccharum Native to northeastern and north-central United States, adjacent parts of Canada. Large deciduous tree. Leaves are simple and opposite with five lobes per leaf. Fruit is the helicopter that form a horseshoe shape when in pairs. Bark is smooth gray-brown when young and develops thick ridges with age.

17 Weeping Willow Salix alba Native to central and southern Europe. Large deciduous tree. Leaves are simple, alternate, and serrated along the edge. Leaves are on very flexible yellow stems that hang down from the larger branches. Bark is yellowish and ridged. White Oak Quercus alba Native to eastern and central U.S. Large deciduous tree whose width may be equal or greater than height. Four to eight inch leaves are simple and alternate. Leaves have five to nine rounded lobes. Acorns can be up to one inch long and in pairs or single. Bark is white or light gray and flakey.

18 Word Search E J S N I N G I L D E C I D U O U S O H E A R T W O O D B M Y N G E A B U T L P O V R A N G R P W O A T C X T A P J O Y B A Q U X R I G H I H E E O M L T Y N G I T N A C S D S L U R Y I N S E C T I L Z C S P F O O D B O S S A B K B L U E G I L L P R E A J I N N E R B A R K R W L S P O E R C A M B I U M C E L L G U Q O P V K L E A F L E T S S C A T F I S H E U N G I S D G O Z A O R A N G R Y R A L T E R N A T E P M K D B Q W L G S E G N I P M A C W P O C D T B L R Y Q O K L C G B L O O N U S F K P E A G I T L O B E S O U L W E K S H E P H L O E M I K Y D N D O G S I F N K C I M R O C C M S D I T A C O R K Y C O N I F E R O U S K A O R U B E Alternate Bass Bluegill Bur Oak Cambium Cell Camping Cantigny Carp Catfish Chlorophyll Compound Coniferous Cork Deciduous Evergreen Heartwood Hiking Inner Bark Leaflets Lignin Lobes McCormick Opposite Outer Bark Phloem Roots Sapwood Simple Sun Trail

19 Recycling: It starts with you! Why is recycling so important? Can tossing your used paper in a recycling bin instead of the garbage really make much difference? The answer is yes. Recycled paper supplies more than 37 percent of the raw material used to make new paper products. Recycling paper also helps our community by diverting it from landfills. So, every bit of paper used for recycling helps improve tomorrow s environment today. How does paper recycling work? Step 1. After collection, recovered paper is transported to a recycling center or Material Recovery Facility (MRF), where contaminants such as plastics, glass, aluminum, paper clips and staples are removed. Step 4. The pulp is washed, refined and cleaned, then turned to slush with a beater. Because there is a limit to the number of times paper fibers can be recycled before they become weakened, new wood fiber is often mixed with recycled paper to make new paper products. Step 5. Dyes, coatings and other additives are mixed into the pulp slush to refine it, and then the mixture is pumped onto a large moving screen. Step 6. As the pulp moves down the screen, water drains away and leaves behind a paper sheet also known as web. Giant rollers squeeze out still more water to ensure that the paper is uniformly smooth and thick. Finally, heated rollers evaporate any water remaining in the paper. Step 7. The finished paper is wound into large rolls, which can be up to 30 feet wide and weigh close to 25 tons. Now the new paper is ready for use in your school or community. Step 2. Once the recovered paper is free of contaminants, it is then baled and transported to a paper mill where the recycling and paper making process begins. Step 3. Recovered paper is shredded and mixed with water to make a pulp. Printed papers, such as newspapers and magazines, are de-inked in a flotation device that helps the ink separate from the pulp. Air bubbles are blown into the mixture, and the ink attaches to the bubbles and rises to the top, where it is skimmed off, leaving the pulp ink-free. Recycle! Answers: 1.Black Locust, 2. Horsechestnut, 3. Weeping Willow, 4. Green Ash, 5. Pin Oak, 6. White Oak, 7. Prairie Crabapple, 8. Downy Hawthorne, 9. Eastern Redbud, 10. Burr Oak, 11. Black Cherry, 12. Shagbark Hickory, 13. Black Alder, 14. Kentucky Coffee Tree, 15. Dawn Redwood, 16. Northern Catalpa, 17. Douglas Fir, 18. Honey Locust, 19. Sugar Maple, 20. Norway Spruce

20 CANTIGNY ADVE N T URES 1S151 Winfield Road Wheaton, Illinois (630) Fax (630)