All About Strawberries Mini Books. Sample file

Transcription

1 All About Strawberries Mini Books

2 Created and designed by Debbie Martin All About Strawberries Mini Books The Whole Word Publishing The Word, the whole Word and nothing but the Word." Copyright April 2010 by Debbie Martin 3627 D St. Bremerton, Wa All rights reserved. Permission is hereby granted to the individual purchaser to reproduce his book in whole or in part for non commercial individual or classroom use only. Permission is not granted for school wide system wide reproduction of materials. Clipart public domain.

3 Directions: Write inside booklet and glue into a lap or notebook. St raw berries What do I like about strawberries? Cut out diagram and glue in lap or notebook.

4 Cut this out and glue in a lap or notebook. Strawberries are easy to grow and very popular with backyard gardeners across the country. A bed of 25 to 50 strawberry plants will produce enough fruit to feed a family and those not eaten fresh can easily be frozen. If space is limited, you may consider planting strawberries in a strawberry jar (a ceramic pot with many planting pockets on the sides). Strawberries are a perennial plant. A perennial plant, is a plant that lives for more than two years. The strawberry is composed of a crown (a shortened stem), leaves, and roots. Most roots will grow in the upper 6 inches of soil, but may go as deep as 12 inches. Clusters of flowers develop from the bud of the plant. Strawberries reproduce by runners (stolons) which take root and create new plants. There are three types of strawberries: June-bearers, everbearers, and the rare day-neutrals. These three types differ in their response to day length which affects berry and runner production. June-bearers develop flowers in the early spring from buds formed the previous fall when day length is less than 10 hours per day. They require a full, well-developed leaf canopy during the fall period to produce energy required to form the buds. June-bearers are very productive, but late spring frosts can harm flowers and reduce the amount of berries. June-bearers are best suited to warm areas where spring frost damage is not an issue. You may also consider providing some frost protection (such as a cold frame, row cover, or hoop house). Everbearing strawberries start flower production when day length is greater than 12 hours and generally produce a spring and a fall crop. If frost kills the spring crop, a fall crop can still be produced. They do not tolerate heat as well as June-bearers, so should be planted in colder locations. Some everbearing strawberries to consider are: Fort Laramie; Gem Everbearing; Ogallala; Ozark Beauty; Quinault; and Streamliner. Day-neutral strawberries are unique in that they can flower and fruit under any day length conditions producing fruit from spring to fall. However, when temperatures go above 70 degrees F, flower formation is slow. They are often favored for planting in containers. Some day-neutral strawberries to consider are: Fern; Selva; Tribute; and Tristar. Do you know how much the biggest strawberry in history weighed? The biggest strawberry in history weighed 8.17 ounces. That s over half a pound!

5 Cut out and glue this picture in a lap or notebook. How deep do I plant my strawberries? Too deep. Too shallow. Just right. Three Types of Strawberries Cut out the squares and glue them in the boxes above. Then cut out and glue in a lap or notebook. June Bearing Strawberries The plants produce a large, concentrated crop in late spring. You'll get more berries per season from June bearing strawberries, and the entire crop will ripen over a three week period. Ever Bearing Strawberries These plants produce one crop in spring and another in fall. Day Neutral Strawberries These plants can produce fruit throughout most of the growing season.

6 Strawberry Pests Aphids Strawberry Blossom Weevil Slugs and Snails Spider Mites

7 Tarnished Bug Lygus Bug Birds and Deer Whiteflies

8 *** Directions: Cut out the "Strawberry Pest" cards on the previous two pages. Next, cut out the pocket, fold in half and lightly glue the sides but not the top to make a pocket for your cards. ** Strawberry Pests

9 Cut out the diease pictures the Strawberry Dieases title and glue them into a page of your lap or notebook. Strawberry Diseases Healthy strawberry plant Verticillium wilt Bunch rot Common leaf spot Leather rot Do you know how many towns in the United States are named Strawberry? Three. Strawberry, AR; Strawberry, AZ; and Strawberry, CA.

10 Strawberry Pollinators Carpenter bee Bumble Bee Leafcutter bee Digger bee

11 Cuckoo bees Sweat bees Honey bee Orchid bees Did you know? Strawberries are an excellent source of vitamin C and manganese. They are also a very good source of dietary fiber and iodine. Plus, strawberries are a good source of potassium, folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B5, vitamin B6,omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, copper, and vitamin K. Strawberries also contain many beneficial phytonutrients, including flavonoids, anthocyanidins and ellagic acid.

12 Strawberry Pollinators ** Directions: Cut out "Strawberry Pollinator" cards of previous two pages. Then cut out the pocket and fold in half. Lightly glue the sides but not the top to make a pocket got your cards.**

13 Growing Yummy Strawberries (Directions: Cut out the mini books and fold in half and write the answer on the inside of the book. Add to a lap ot notbook if desired.) Few home grown fruits offer the easy growing and eating of strawberries. A small investment in plants and time now will yield several years of backyard happiness in the strawberry patch. How many strawberry plants did I buy and how much did they cost? Strawberries are best planted in the spring as soon as the soil can be worked, usually early April. Be sure to plant at the correct depth so the soil level is just above the roots. Don't bury the short compressed stem called a crown or leave the roots exposed. Water thoroughly after planting and keep moist through the summer. Strawberries need about one inch of water per week. froom How deep should I plant my strawberries? How much water do my plants need?

14 Strawberries will grow in just about any soil, but the best production will be in well-drained and highly fertile soils in areas of at least 6 hours of direct sun. Before planting work in well-rotted manure or compost into the soil. Or apply 1.5 to 2 pounds of fertilizer or equivalent per 100 square feet and work into the top six inches of soil. What kind of soil is best for my strawberries? How much sun should they have? Avoid planting strawberries where peppers, tomatoes, eggplant and potatoes have been recently grown. These plants could harbor verticillium wilt, a serious strawberry disease. Why shouldn't I plant my strawberries next to tomatoes and peppers?

15 Straw mulch can be applied after planting to keep in moisture. If you don't have straw, wood chips, lots of newspaper layers wetted down or cardboard wetted down will also work. Black plastic sheeting is also used, but needs to be put down before you plant. Holes will need to be cut into the plastic so you can plant your strawberries. Since strawberries are shallow-rooted plants they will start to slow in fruit production if they are allowed to dry out. Another benefit of mulch is that it helps stop from weeds coming up. Why is it important to put mulch around my strawberries? Strawberry flowers should be removed the first year of planting. I know its tough removing the flowers, but the first year of growth should be left to establishment of the plants and not production. However the flowers of everbearers and day neutrals may be left on at the end of summer to allow one late crop the first year. Do I need to pick off my strawberries flowers?

16 Strawberries are generally free of insects and diseases. Most diseases can be remedied with proper maintenance and disease resistant varieties. Some disease resistant varieties are: Allstar, Brunswick, Cabot, Cavendish, Earliglow, Eros, Idea, Mesabi, Northeaster, Ovation, and Winona. Three types of strawberries are available spring or June bearing, everbearing and day neutral. June-bearers produce flowers, fruits and plenty of runners. Strawberry plants produce "babies" at the end of above ground stems called runners. By selecting early, mid-season and late varieties of June bearers a gardener can stretch the season over several weeks. June bearers produce the biggest fruit. Everbearers usually produce three flushes of flowers and fruits throughout the season in spring, summer and fall. Everbearers and day neutrals produce few runners so are better suited to small garden spaces. Day neutrals will flower and fruit continually through the season. In a home garden a mix of plants of June bearers and everbearers or day neutrals works well for continuous production. However extra watering is needed for good summer production of everbearing and day neutral strawberries. Soaker hoses or drip tubes are an efficient way to irrigate that also keeps the leaves dry to lessen disease problems. What are some disease resistant varieties of strawberries?

17 Which of the three types of strawberries produce the biggest fruit? The matted row system of planting is the most popular method for growing June bearing varieties. The plants are set 24 inches apart in rows 3 1/2 to 4-feet apart. The runner plants are allowed to root freely to form a matted row about 2-feet wide. What type of strawberry grows best grown in the matted row system?

18 Double row hill system: In the double row hill system, plants are spaced 12 inches apart in the row and rows are 12 inches apart. All runners are picked off. Each double row is raised and separated by a 24-inch trough or gutter that makes it easy for you to walk among the plants to pick berries or keep them weeded. Varieties such as everbearing and day neutral strawberries are more often grown in this system as they do not send out many runners. When all runners are removed only the original mother plant is left to grow. Runners develop from the same region as flower stalks so runner removal enables the mother plant to develop numerous crowns and more flower stalks. Multiple rows are often arranged in groups of two, three or four plants with a two-foot walkway between each group of rows. What types of strawberry grows best in a double row hill system? Suspending strawberries off the ground is a great way to keep slugs, snails, and potato bugs off them. Five to six strawberry plants can grow in the top of a hanging basket in the spring. But if you want to make the ultimate hanging strawberry basket, gather 24 strawberry plants, a 16 inch wire basket, potting soil, and some sphagnum moss, coconut fiber or a specially designed basket liner. Line the wire basket with the damp sphagnum moss, coconut fiber or basket liner. Cut holes in the liner in to insert the plants. Insert 18 of the plants into the basket sides through the sphagnum moss or liner. After you have finished, fill the basket with potting soil and planting the remaining plants in the top of the basket. The basket will continue to produce fruit for about three years.

19 What is a good reason for growing strawberries from a hanging basket? Strawberry pots are designed to hold one to three plants at the top. Get the pot adequately moist. Terracotta pots will wick all of the water out of your soil unless you moisten them before planting. To do this, simply lay your pot in a tub of water for about an hour. It will soak up water so it won't suck it out of the soil later. The pockets in the sides would then be able to hold any runners that developed as the plant matured. However, many gardeners fill all the openings with strawberry plants right from the start. To plant your own strawberry pot, you will need a piece of one inch PVC pipe that is capped at one end. You will be using the PVC pipe as a watering pipe to ensure that all of the pockets get adequate moisture. A drill, potting soil, and a strawberry pot. Cut the pipe so that it will fit inside the strawberry pot with the uncapped end even with the pot's rim. Drill 1/8" diameter holes an inch apart down alternating sides of the pipe. In other words, on one side your first hole might be 1/2" inch from the top, but on the other side your first hole would be one inch from the top. Partially fill the pot with soil. (The type of soil you choose for your strawberry pot should be one that is high in organic matter. Any good, organic potting soil will work. Adding compost, peat, or leaf mold to the mix will make your plants even happier. Also, it's a good idea to mix some blood

20 meal and bone meal into your mix before you plant. These will feed the plant and help them get off to a good start.) Insert the tube, capped end down, into the center of the pot. Loosely add the rest of the potting mix. Plant each pocket. Add more soil around the roots if needed. Finish by planting two to three plants at the top and soaking the soil well. Water the pot by inserting a funnel into the pipe and pour water into it, ensuring that the water is distributed evenly through the pot. Water everything well. Pour water down the tube, on the soil at the top of the pot, and into each pocket (do this slowly so the water doesn't make the soil slosh out.) Place your pot in a spot that gets at least six hours of sun per day. What is the purpose of putting a PVC pipe in your strawberry pot? Strawberries are ready to be picked as soon as the fruit has turned red. Of course, the exact shade of red that indicates ripeness depends on the variety of the strawberry. It is best to pick the fruit gently during dry weather making sure that the green calyx (stalk) of the plant remains with the fruit. Strawberries can be stored for about two days in shallow trays in the refrigerator. For longer periods, it is best to freeze them. How do I know when my strawberries are ready to pick?

21 Color this diagram and cut it out put in a lap or notebook of desired. Diagram of a strawberry flower Photosynthesis of a strawberry plant. Directions: Cut out above picture and glue it in a lap ot notebook if desired.

22 Directions: For the photosynthesis book. Cut out and fold in half. Glue card with description of photosynthesis inside booklet. Glue into lap or notebook. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the chemical process by which plants use solar energy to manufacture food. Photosynthesis means putting together with light, and the process of photosynthesis uses solar energy to form simple sugars from water and carbon dioxide gas. Later these sugars are converted into starch, protein, or fat; and we eat them as fruits and vegetables. Photosynthesis changes light energy into food (chemical) energy. <Fold on dotted line.. Glue this >>>>> inside the "Did you know?" book. Glue into a lap or notebook. Michael Kent produced and displayed the first cultivated strawberry in Prior to that, strawberries were grown and picked in the wild. Did you know? <Fold in half on this line.

23 Strawberry Facts Strawberry fruits are aggregates made up of several small fruits, each with one seed called an achene. The flesh of the strawberry is actually an enlarged receptacle, non-reproductive material. The strawberry flower is about an inch in diameter with five white petals and a yellow center. After the strawberry flower is pollinated, it becomes the aggregate fruit. Strawberries are the only fruit that has seeds grow on the outside. Directions: Cut out booklets and fold in half. Use strawberry graphics (following) to glue to the outside of the booklets. Then glue into a lap or notebook. Use the Strawberry Facts title for your page in your lap or notebook.

24 There is a legend that strawberries were named in the nineteenth-century by English children who picked the fruit, strung them on grass straws and sold them as "Straws of berries". Another theory is the name was derived from the nineteenth-century practice of placing straw around the growing berry plants to protect the ripening fruit. The strawberry belongs to the genus Fragraria in the rose family, along with apples and plums. The name of the scientific classification was derived from the Old Latin word for fragrant. The modern Italian word for strawberry is still "Fragola". The strawberry is not classified by botanists as a true berry. True berries, such as blueberries and cranberries have seeds inside. The strawberry, however has its dry, yellow seeds on the outside (each of which is actually considered a separate fruit). Indians called strawberries "heart-seed berries" and pounded them into their traditional corn-meal bread.

25 The English and French also found strawberries used the beautiful heart-shaped berries to landscape their gardens. In fourteenth-century France, Charles V ordered twelve hundred strawberry plants to be grown in the Royal Gardens of the Louvre. On the average, there are 200 tiny seeds in every strawberry. If all the strawberries produced in California this year were laid berry to berry, they'd wrap around the world 15 times. That's enough strawberries to provide every U.S. household with 12 pint baskets. The largest strawberry producing state, California harvests 83% of the strawberries grown in the U.S. on approximately 24,500 acres. The peak harvesting season in California runs from April through June, when up to 10 million pint baskets of strawberries are shipped daily.

26 Strawberry graphics to glue on the front of strawberry facts booklets.

27 How is a Strawberry Produced? 1. First, strawberry plants are grown in nurseries (A nursery is a place where plants are propagated and grown to usable size.) where a mother strawberry plant grows shoots which become daughter strawberry plants. One mother plant can produce up to 20 daughter plants. 2. These daughter plants are cut off of the main plant, chilled and put into boxes then shipped to strawberry farmers. 3. While the strawberry farmer is waiting for the plants to arrive, he or she begins preparing the ground. Farmers use a tractor to prepare the soil and make beds for the plants. These beds are covered with plastic that will keep weeds from growing around strawberry plants. A special machine then goes through the field and stamps circles through the plastic on these beds, just as a cookie cutter would cut dough. These holes expose the soil and the farmer places the young strawberry plant into the soil through these holes. 4. After about two months from the initial planting, the small plant turns into a large green plant, and flower buds begin to form. These flowers will become strawberries about 30 days later. The process takes about 3 months from planting to when beautiful red strawberries are ready to be picked. 5. Once this happens, the farmer and the strawberry pickers will pick (harvest) the strawberries off the plant and put them right into the containers that you see in the grocery store. 6. To keep the strawberries fresh before they get shipped, the farmer then sends the containers of strawberries to a giant room called a cooler that chills the strawberries down to 34 degrees F. 7. Within 24 hours of harvest, fresh strawberries are loaded onto refrigerated trucks for delivery across the country, which is why, for most of the year, you can go to any supermarket and buy fresh California strawberries! Strawberries are grown in California almost all year round. The peak season, is April to June.

28 Write a brief description of the seven steps of how a strawberry is produced.then cut on the dotted lines to make a flap then glue graphic (following) on the outside of the flap. Glue into your lap or notebook

29 Put these graphics on the outside of flaps of the steps of how a strawberry is produced that you have written.

30 How do you say Strawberry? Fresa Spanish Fragola Italian Fraise French

31 Did you know? Strawberries are an excellent skin cleanser. Mild laxative and diuretic. Helpful for high blood pressure, gout, and rheumatism. Klubnika Fresa Russian Ichigo Japanese Ohelo-papa Hawaiian

32 Did you know? Strawberries are very high in ellagic acid which is an antioxidant that acts as a scavenger to help make potential cancer-causing chemicals inactive. Ellagic Acid reduces the genetic damage caused by carcinogens like tobacco smoke and air pollution. It also contains other antioxidants that help lower cholesterol and ward off cardiovascular disease. Erdberre Fresa German Mansikka Finnish ** Directions: Cut out cards. Then cut out pocket, fold in half. Glue the sides but not the top to make a poacket for your cards.glue into a lap or notebook if desired.

33 How do you say Strawberry?

34 Strawberry Pie Ingredients: 1 (9 inch) pie crust, baked 1 quart fresh strawberries 1 cup white sugar 3 tablespoons cornstarch 3/4 cup water 1/2 cup heavy whipping cream Directions: Arrange half of strawberries in baked pastry shell. Mash remaining berries and combine with sugar in a medium saucepan. Place saucepan over medium heat and bring to a boil, stirring frequently. In a small bowl, whisk together cornstarch and water. Gradually stir cornstarch mixture into boiling strawberry mixture. Reduce heat and simmer mixture until thickened, about 10 minutes, stirring constantly. Pour mixture over berries in pastry shell. Chill for several hours before serving. In a small bowl, whip cream until soft peaks form. Serve each slice of pie with a dollop of whipped cream.

35 No Pectin Strawberry Jam Ingredients: 2 pounds fresh strawberries, hulled 4 cups white sugar 1/4 cup lemon juice Directions: In a wide bowl, crush strawberries in batches until you have 4 cups of mashed berry. In a heavy bottomed saucepan, mix together the strawberries, sugar, and lemon juice. Stir over low heat until the sugar is dissolved. Increase heat to high, and bring the mixture to a full rolling boil. Boil, stirring often, until the mixture reaches 220 degrees F (105 degrees C). Transfer to hot sterile jars, leaving 1/4 to 1/2 inch headspace, and seal. Process any unsealed jars in a water bath. If the jam is going to be eaten right away, don't bother with processing, and just refrigerate.

36 Yummy Strawberry Shake Ingredients: 4 cups strawberries, hulled 2 cups ice cubes 2 cups milk 4 cups strawberry ice cream 2 teaspoons white sugar Directions: In a blender combine strawberries, ice, milk, ice cream and sugar. Blend until smooth.

37 Wild Pine Strawberry

38 Strawberry

39 The Woodland Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is a flowering plant in Rosaceae, the rose family.

40 Section of a part of a strawberry. This is a young, forming strawberry, divided lengthwise. The Strawberry belongs to the Rose family, its flowers contain both stamens and pistils.

41 A potted strawberry plant.

42 In botany, a runner; a weak, creeping shoot sent out from the bottom of the stem, and rooting and forming new plants at the nodes, as in the strawberry

43 Woodland strawberry, Fragaria vesca, flower, flower section, flower parts.

44 Strawberry plant with fruit.

45 Cultivated for their fruit. They were so named from the practice of laying straw between the rows to keep the ground moist and free from weeds.