Preventing Imbibition Damage before the Germination of Soybean Seeds (Part,)*

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Julius Fleming
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1 1+ 0 : +,+ +,2,**3, * +,, - * * * * ( ) / 1 *.- /h +/., w.b. *.,, Preventing Imbibition Damage before the Germination of Soybean Seeds (Part,)* Production of Moisture-Adjusted Soybean Seeds using a Humidity-controlled Recirculated Batch Dryer +,, - Takuo KOKURYU*, Satoshi IKEDA*, Ippei FUJIWARA*, Shinji SHIMADA* Abstract To protect soybeans from imbibition damage, we have newly developed equipment that consists of a recirculated batch dryer and a humidifier to produce e# ectively moisture-adjusted soybean seeds. To protect the seeds from mechanical damage, the bucket elevator speed and lower-screw speed are decreased to /* and 1*, respectively, of standard speed, and the lower screw is coated with a smooth material. Our experimental results show that the moisture absorbance rate is about *-. /h, with a standard deviation of *,. w.b. at a moisture content of +/,. w.b., and the rate of mechanically damaged soybean seeds is cut to less than,, which has little influence on emergence establishment when soybean seeds are sown after being processed in the recirculated batch dryer. [Keywords] soybean, imbibition damage, recirculation batch dryer, moisture-adjusted seed, emergence and establishment I 2,**/ 1.+,**0 1., NICO,**0 3 1,**0,** */ TEL *, National Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Kannondai - + +, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, -/* 2000, Japan, -.22/*- + /+0 +* TEL *.2 /0+,+// Kaneko Co., Ltd., Komatsudai + /+0 +*, Hanyu, Saitama, -.22/*-, Japan - Corresponding author :koku@a# rc.go.jp

122 1+ 0,**3 Kitano et al.,,**/ Mina- gawa,,**1 +* a 02 kg Leopold, +32*, Burchett et al., +32/ + +* w.b. +/ w.b. Ushio and Sudo,,**- II + + :, + : Fig.

2 ,**3 Kitano et al.,,**/ Mina- gawa,,**1 +* a 02 kg Leopold, +32*, Burchett et al., +32/ + +* w.b. +/ w.b. Ushio and Sudo,,**- II + + :, + : Fig. + View of the controlled humidity air dryer for producing moisture-adjusted soybean seeds (a steam humidifier system),**0,**1 wet-master PID NSA+*/ + t *.,0- DGT*+,* -, m,+. m DG-S +2* kg -** kg BIMJ,**1/ /* mm *-. MPa.*. l/h - *.**+, m /s *+. MPa.,. l/h *.. MPa, HFD,*-*, ++.* m /h wet-master SBA**3 A-*+ R wet-master SEB*/ / kg/h -. 2 kw FREQROL-E/**

3 :, 123 Fig.,, Schematic diagram of the controlled humidity air dryer for producing moisture-adjusted soybean seeds Table + + Revolutions per minute of bucket elevator and lower screw, upper screw, sprocket, and seed-carrying roll in circulation dryer + * +, * *, - * * rpm rpm rpm -/* 1+* 1+* +/ +4,-,./ /,/ *42 +1/ -/ , - *42* *4/ * + :, : - : -* +*,**0 vaisala,**1 HMT--1 EMD1D- PDI.Inc Plasti dip, T&D TR-1, U *. 2 w.b. NDR-0,* L/h 1 *. + MPa,./ rpm HIOKI -+02, +1/ rpm + 1

124 1+ 0,**3. Fig.. E# ect of seed bucket elevator speed and lower screw speed in the controlled humidity - dryer on emergence rate and early growth Fig.

4 ,**3. Fig.. E# ect of seed bucket elevator speed and lower screw speed in the controlled humidity - dryer on emergence rate and early growth Fig. - Relationship between bucket elevator speed,, lower screw speed, coating of lower screw and Table, Examination conditions of moisture-absorbthe ratio of damaged soybean seeds ance tests +1/ rpm,./ rpm +* w.b *4+ kg,-.,*1 -* -* -*,**0 0 3* 3/ /* cm/* cm /*, +. g/ +1/ rpm +1/ rpm +,, - -* 3* 1 +.*. /*,./ rpm +*. +1/ rpm +*, +/. +1/ rpm +* + -* III, +.,./ rpm +*, *. 32 -* w.b. +*. + w.b. *3-.,**0 0 +1/ rpm +* 22,**1 / 3 +*,.

5 :, 125 / Fig. / +*/,. h Correlation with moisture-content by equipment and drying weight ( +*/,,. h) in soybean seeds +** Go# -Gratch,**1 2-. w.b. +*-. w.b. g + -* +,, +, */,.,* g /,,*1 kg,-. kg +0./ h +1./ h - +.., kg/h kg/h +1/ rpm *,. /h *-. /, + h -*,* +* -* 3* RH 3/ RH /., w.b. +*/,. h +*/,. h +..* +/./ w.b. +*/,. h *. +/ *.,/ y CTR-+** D x y +. +0x *,* +*, r *31. / *,. /h *-. /h +..* w.b. +/./ w.b. +/..,* w.b w.b. +0. RH *,. RH. +* kg g,* + -/. +*/,.,* g w.b. *,. w.b. */. *3. w.b.

6 ,**3 Table - - Characteristics of moisture-absorbing tests by the controlled-humidity dryer /4, h - m/s +04/ * / *4+22,,4, +24/,14- +4/ -+4+ *4. RH 2/4/ 2-42 RH / *4, kg/h +.4, ++42 /h *4, *4,3 kg *4,/ *4+/ kwh/h.4* -4, L 0/4, *+- + kg g 3*,+ +,..3,/4+ -*4+ g/.,4+ 2/4.,4* kwh+2. Table. Comparison of moisture-adjustment using our developed quipment and the method of moisture adjusting by immersion in water for a few seconds, with moisture content and standard deviation w.b. w.b. w.b. +, +, * *4,/ +/4+ *4.3 *42/, +*4+ * +*4- +/4, +-41 *4+/ +14, *41* *400 +,, : - -,* */. - +/. +/,, + -*,* +* *.-/h 0 w.b. *,. /h

7 :, w.b. +/ +/ w.b..*. kwh -,. kwh 2 VI + kwh +2,*1 kg,-. kg +* kg / + Go# -Gratch., g 2/ g, 3 kg +,./ kg / 1 -,,. *-. /h +/., w.b. *,. w.b. / - + References Burchett, C.A., W.T.Schapaugh, Jr., C.B. Overrley and T.L. Walter., +32/. Influence of etched seed coats and environmental conditions on soybean seed quality. Crop Sci.,,/, 0// 00*. Kitano, J., Nakanishi, Y., Nakayama, Y.,,**/. The product of moisture-adjusted soybean seeds by flooding and spray (in Japanese). Kanto-Tokai-Hokuriku Agricultural Research,./..//. Leopold, A.C., +32*. Temperature e# ects on soybean imbibition and leakage. Plant Physiol., 0/, +*30 +*32. Minagawa, H.,,**1. Prevention of imbibition damage by

8 ,**3 moisture-adjusted soybean seeds (in Japanese). Agricul- Ushio, A., Sudo,K.,,**-. Mass production of moisture adture and Horticulture, 2, ( 1), 1/110-. justed soybean seeds for emergence stability (in Japa- Mizuno, M., Ogura, K., Kashiwahara, K., Nakamura, Y., nese). Kinki-Chugoku-Shikoku Agricultural Research Hiraoka, H., Matsuo, H.,,**/. How to using and reading (crop product in simmer), psychrometric-chart (in Japanese). Ohmsha, Japan. :,**3 -, :,*+* + -+

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