Apples: Not Just For Teachers! Kathy Novak and Kathy Sapienza-Old Trail School

Transcription

1 Apples: Not Just For Teachers! Kathy Novak and Kathy Sapienza-Old Trail School COOPERATIVE LESSONS THAT INSPIRE CHILDREN TO TEST, TASTE AND TRY EASY SNACKS FOR HEALTHY LIFETIME EATING HABITS!

2 Introduction: A Recipe for Success Kathy Novak -BS in Health and Physical Education -M Ed. Health Education and Wellness (Nutrition) -Currently teach Health, Swimming and Physical Education K-8 -Coach Field hockey, Swimming, and Lacrosse -Health and Wellness Committee Chairperson Kathy Sapienza -BA in French and Art -M Ed. Secondary Education -Currently teach Art and Edible Education -Attended Edible Schoolyard Academy in Berkeley, California -Certificate in Plant Based Nutrition from e-cornell University

3 WHAT IS EDIBLE EDUCATION? Teaches students how their food choices affect their health and environment Fosters an appreciation of how the natural world sustains us Empowers students with essential life skills Supports academic achievement through experiential lear ning Encourages curiosity, respect and appreciation for diversity Gives students opportunities to work together to complete jobs and SEE and EAT the results of their efforts Allows students to experience the ritual of eating together to connect families and communities

4 Childhood Obesity= A condition in which a child is significantly overweight for his or her age and height. * It has more than doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescents in the past 30 years. * The percentage of children aged 6 11 years in the United States who were obese increased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in Similarly, the percentage of adolescents aged years who were obese increased from 5% to nearly 21% over the same period. * Overweight and Obesity are the result of caloric imbalance too few calories expended for the amount of calories consumed and are affected by various genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. (As reported by the CDC)

5 Consequences of Childhood Obesity

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7 the ability to continue something indefinitely not harming the environment or depleting resources ensuring present quality of life for future generations acknowledging that everything is CONNECTED

8 THE LIVING MACHINE

9 AND THE DAILY PRACTICE OF...

10 RENEWABLE ENERGY- SOLAR ARRAYS

11 OLD TRAIL GARDEN

12 BEE INSPECTION

13 COMPOST COLLECTION

14 FARM TO TABLE

15 Grade 1- Our Amazing Bodies

16 Body Systems are learned through hands-on activities! As the children traveled through the systems of the body they watched videos, participated in games that used their knowledge of the systems, and eventually each created their own BODY using a variety of materials that they could choose to demonstrate their understanding of how the body works four body systems: Skeletal System Respiratory System Circulatory System Muscular System

17 SKELETAL SYSTEM

18 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

19 CIRCULATORY(CIRCLE) SYSTEM

20 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM VIDEO

21 MUSCULAR SYSTEM

22 CHILDREN CREATE BODY SYSTEMS

23 APPLYING KNOWLEDGE

24 AND TAKING PRIDE IN THEIR

25 Amazing Bodies!!!

26 APPLES: NUTRITIOUS AND DELICIOUS

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28 YUMMY APPLES--- TASTE AND SEE!!!

29 TALKING TASTING TESTING

30 Creates a healthy and happy food plate!

31 GRADE THREE- SOCIAL STUDIES OR SCIENCE

32 The Inside Story

33 PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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37 HAIKU POETRY

38 GRADE EIGHT-ART

39 PLANNING A TASTING: 1. Determine food to be tasted, the subject area focus and the assignment 2. Research the food: history, uses, nutrition, and fun facts 3. Purchase the food

40 TASTING DAY 1. Clean the tables 2. Wash the food 3. Set up the tasting table (table cloth, platter, cutting board, knife, plates, napkins) 4. Introduce the food 5. Taste the food 6. Discuss the food 7. Follow-up assignment, if any

41 A RECIPE FOR SUCCESS ANATOMY.APPLES.and LOTS of AMAZING CHILDREN!

42 Apples: Not Just for Teachers! presented by Kathy Novak and Kathy Sapienza, Old Trail School, Bath, Ohio ISACS Conference, St. Paul, MN, November 6, 2015 Apple Tasting (general information) History Apples originated in what is now Central Asia, western China, and Eastern Europe as long as 10 million years ago! There is evidence that humans have been planting apple seeds for about 8000 years. In fact, the apple might have been the first fruit that humans grew. We all know that horses love apples. They ve been eating apples for 5 million years! The apple was a favorite fruit of the ancient Greeks and Romans. During the Age of Exploration, also known as the Age of Discovery, from the 1500s to the 1700s, the apple was the most important cultivated fruit. Spaniards brought apples to Mexico and South America, and the Pilgrims of Massachusetts planted apple seeds when they came in the 1600s. Over the centuries, many thousands of varieties have been developed (up to 16,000), but today, we usually see only a dozen or so different kinds in the grocery store. Pomologists (scientists who study apples) are helping heirloom varieties to grow again. Apple orchards grow varieties that you can t find in a store. Even though apples grow well in many parts of our country, the crabapple is the only apple native to North America. Growing Apples It takes about 10 years for a seed to grow into a tree that produces apples. If you plant a young tree, you might get fruits in 4 5 years. In spring, apple blossoms attract pollinating honeybees. The blossoms have to be fertilized with the pollen of a different variety of apple in order to get the best fruit. The pollen helps to make a new seed. The seeds grow inside the flower, and as they get bigger, a little fruitlet grows around them to protect them. When the blossoms fall off, the fruitlets continue to grow. Because the blossoms are fertilized with pollen from a different apple variety, the apple will end up being the same as the parent tree, but the seeds inside the apple will be a mixture of the two varieties. Today, most apple trees are grafted instead of being grown from seed. A section of a stem with leaf buds is inserted into the root stock on an existing tree. You can actually graft lots of different apple varieties onto one tree! Apples need warm summers but a cool fall to ripen, and they like pretty cold winters. They grow all over the world except in places that are close to the Equator.

43 Apple Seeds There are five seed pockets called carpels in an apple. Each carpel has seeds the number of seeds depends on how healthy the tree is and what variety it is. It s easy to see the carpels if you cut the apple in half around its belly instead of through the stem. Seeds contain a cyanide compound, but it isn t really dangerous for humans because our bodies can detoxify a small amount, and we would have to eat a huge number of seeds to get sick. Also, there is a hard, protective coating on the seed, which allows it to pass through our body without releasing the cyanide compound. Uses One of the best things about apples is that they become ripe just as the weather is becoming cooler, and there are many ways to eat them: 1. fresh 2. sauce 3. cider/juice 4. dried 5. baked (pie, crisp, cobbler, cake, cookies, dumplings) Taste The taste of an apple depends on many factors: latitude, terrain, weather, how the tree was grown. The flavor can range from tart to sweet. Texture can range from crunchy to soft. Some apples are juicier than others.

44 Additional Apple Information (depending on grade level and subject area) Physical Education Health/Nutrition good energy source contain powerful antioxidants called polyphenols that help our bodies fight diseases help to lower LDL (the bad cholesterol) help to keep our eyes and brain healthy help our heart and blood vessels to stay strong fiber, mostly in the peel vitamin C easy to digest help to clean teeth Social Studies Johnny Appleseed John Chapman became known as Johnny Appleseed in the 1800s. He started many small orchards in the Ohio Valley and sold trees and orchards to the settlers. He taught the people about the apple s versatility and its ability to be stored for long periods of time. He apparently lived a very simple life, but he didn t usually give away his apple trees. He traveled west ahead of the settlers and planted orchards so that he could claim the land as his and then sell it for a profit. The stories about him wearing ragged clothes and a tin pot for a hat while sprinkling apple seeds throughout the countryside are probably not true. Science Seeds and Photosynthesis So how does the apple seed turn into a tree that gives us lots of apples to eat? Inside each seed is the beginning of a new plant. Seeds grow into the same kind of plant that made them, but with apples, the seeds will be a mix of the different apple pollens from pollination, so a Granny Smith apple could have seeds that are a combination of Granny Smith and McIntosh. The seed stores food to help it grow before it can use the sun for energy. When the conditions are right soil, temperature, water the seed begins to soak up water and it gets fatter and fatter until the seed coat cracks open and allows the seed to start to grow (germination). Then is starts absorbing nutrients from the soil, and roots begin to dig down into the earth. Another part of the seed, the shoot, is sensitive to light, so it starts to grow up towards the sun, pushing through the soil. Once the shoot is above the ground and turns green, leaves will appear. There is a special compound inside the cells of green plants called chlorophyll, which can absorb light from the sun. Green plants, like baby apple trees, take the light from the sun and put it together with other things to make food for itself and oxygen for people. When light is put together with other things, it s called photosynthesis.

45 So what are the things that are put together? Light, chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide are the four things necessary for photosynthesis to happen. Here s what happens: light (which gets absorbed by the chlorophyll) comes together with water. The light separates the water into hydrogen and oxygen. hydrogen comes together with carbon dioxide, which is a gas that s in the air, to make food for the plant. Then the plant releases oxygen into the air. Humans need the oxygen, and then we exhale carbon dioxide for the plants! Math Dehydrating Apples, Measuring Water Content In early agriculture, when people began to have a surplus of food, it was important to figure out ways to preserve that food. They can last all winter, so people can have food when nothing else is growing. One way that people preserved apples was to let them dry in the hot sun. Dried apples make a great snack, and they re easy to transport. See attached Weight Chart. You will need scales, pencils, and a dehydrator or oven. For reference, apples are 84% water by weight. Music Use one of the attached tasting charts to record information. Then create a short musical composition based on your observations. Think about what kinds of notes or musical phrases could describe the sound of biting into an apple or the surprise of a tart taste. For example, staccato notes could show that the apple was crunchy. Or an odd chord could represent a tart or sour taste. The point is that students now have a personal experience that serves as a starting point, as inspiration for their writing. The finished composition will be more meaningful because of that personal connection. Language Arts Use one of the attached tasting sheets to record information. Then write haiku or other kinds of poems based on your observations. Research apples in ancient myths and stories and then write an original fairy tale or myth in which the apple plays an important role. (Snow White, Greek and Roman mythology, research the apple as a symbol or reward of love and beauty or as a symbol of learning and knowledge) Art Create still lifes using apples, then draw, paint, or use cut paper. Create a composition showing the various parts of an apple: leaves, stem, core, flesh, skin, seeds, blossoms, etc.

46 Health, History, Science, Social Studies Research how apples get from an orchard to our plates. There s a good lesson on the Edible Schoolyard site (edibleschoolyard.org/resource/us food system) that uses apples to teach about the US Food System. This topic also coordinates well with MYFOODPLATE.COM, a great source of nutrition information for students. Fun Facts and Phrases About Apples The apple is a member of the rose family. Apple trees can live to be 100 years old. A is for Apple An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Studies show that people who eat an apple every day are less likely to get sick! the apple of my eye as American as apple pie an apple for the teacher Apples have long been associated with education and learning. In the 1700s, poor people in Sweden and Denmark would give apples to teachers as payment. The apple doesn t fall far from the tree. One bad apple can spoil the whole bunch. Damaged apples release ethylene gas, which then sends the message to nearby fruit to continue ripening. The Big Apple Several stories circulate, but one is that in the 1920s, there were big horse race courses in New York, and apple referred to the prizes for the races. Another story is that in 1909, New York city was said to have received a disproportionate share of sap from the country s tree of wealth. William Tell The best known version, told in the 15th century, says that Tell was arrested for not bowing to a hat, which had been hung on a pole, of the newly appointed Austrian governor. His punishment was that he had to shoot an apple off this son s head with a single arrow. When you cut an apple, why does it get brown? There is iron in apples, and when the apples cells are damaged, like when you cut the apple, oxygen in the air starts a chemical reaction with an enzyme in the apple, and the flesh begins to turn brownish. To prevent this, you can: 1. cook the apple. Cooking deactivates this enzyme. 2. brush on lemon juice or another acid. This reduces the ph on the apple s surface. 3. put the apple under water. This reduces the amount of available oxygen. Sir Isaac Newton The legend is that he discovered gravity when he saw an apple fall from a tree or maybe even hit him on the head while he was thinking about the forces of nature.

47 Resources websites ways to teach your kids about sustainable living.html facts/epidemic childhood obesity childhood obesity/facts/en/ Resources Books Salt Sugar Fat: How the Food Giants Hooked Us, Michael Moss Whole: Rethinking the Science of Nutrition, T. Colin Campbell, Howard Jacobson From the Ground Up: A Food Grower s Education in Life, Love, and the Movement That s Changing the Nation, Jeanne Nolan, Alice Waters The China Study, T. Colin Campbell, Thomas M. Campbell Eat to Live, Joel Fuhrman The Food Revolution: How Your Diet Can Help Save Your Life and Our World, John Robbins Healthy Eating, Healthy World, J. Morris Hicks, T. Colin Campbell The Omnivore s Dilemma, Michael Pollan Lunch Wars, Amy Kalafa Full Planet, Empty Plates, L. Brown American Grown: The Story of the White House Kitchen Garden and Gardens Across America, Michelle Obama Resources Articles The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food, Michael Moss Kitchen Little, Mark Bittman It s the Sugar, Folks, Mark Bittman Is Junk Food Cheaper Than Real Food?, Mark Bittman Resources Videos Forks Over Knives Food Matters Vegucated Food, Inc. Ingredients A Place at the Table Fat, Sick, & Nearly Dead Fed Up Fresh Planeat