osu 1986 VEGETABLE CULTIVAR EVALUATIONS * GREEN WRAP TOMATOES * FRESH MARKET STAKED TOMATOES * SUPER SWEET CORN * NORMAL SWEET CORN

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1 Horticulture Series No. 568 December, 986 osu 986 VEGETABLE CULTIVAR EVALUATIONS * GREEN WRAP TOMATOES * FRESH MARKET STAKED TOMATOES * SUPER SWEET CORN * NORMAL SWEET CORN Department of Horticulture The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research &!c Development Center Columbus, Ohio

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3 KNOWLEDGEMENTS The 986 Ohio State University cultivar evaluations are sponsored by the folowing organizations. Grateful appreciation is given to these organizations without whom these projects would not be possible. * OHIO VEGETABLE RESEARCH FOUNDATION * ARCO SEED COMPANY * HARRIS MORAN SEED COMPANY * BHN RESEARCH All publications of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center are available to all on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, sex, or religious affiliation. /86-S-444/

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page. Tomato Studies, Introduction.... Green Wrap Tomatoes-Fremont (Table ).... Stake Tomatoes - Columbus (Table ) Stake Tomatoes, Horticultural Characteristics Sweet Corn Studies, Introduction Super Sweet Corn-Fremont (Table ) Super Sweet Corn-Columbus (Table ) Normal Sweet Corn-Fremont (Table ) Normal Sweet Corn-Columbus (Table 4).... Sweetness Characteristics, Supersweet-Columbus

5 986 GREENWRAP AND STAKE TOMATO CULTIVAR EVALUATION - FREMONT & COLUMBUS Robert J. Precheur, Gerry Myers and Charles Willer Data Analysis and Report: Robert J. Precheur Mailing Address: Department of Horticulture The Ohio State University Fyffe Court Columbus 4 This is a summary of our work evaluating several green wrap tomato cultivars in Fremont ~nd fresh market stake cultivars in Columbus. FREMONT Trial Design ~ Cultural Practices Transplants were obtained through BHN research of Florida. Seven cultivars were grown in a randomized complete block design with replications. Spacing was 6 inches between rows and 8 inches between plants within rows. There were 5 plants per plot and they were planted on May 5, 986. Stakes were placed at two plant intervals. Plants were pruned according to directions provided by BHN research. For Sunny, -4 suckers were removed; BHN 4: suckers removed; BHN 8 and 66 were pruned the same as Sunny, and BHN 67 & 69B were pruned more sucker than Sunny. On May, 7 lbs/a of -- were applied broadcast and disced in. The field was then sprayed with 4 lbs/a Devrinol. At planting / pint of -4- was applied per plant. On June, l/ pint of Sencor was applied post. On June 8, the plants were sidedressed with 5 lbs/a of The insecticide/fungicide schedule is as follows: Material Copper Manzate Guthion Kocide & Dyrene Sevin Bravo Benlate Dithane M 45 Dates 6/4, 6/ 6/4, 6/, 7/4, 7/8, 6/, 7/ 7/4 7/4, 7/7, 8/4, 8/ 7/8 8/4 COLUMBUS Trial Design ~ Cultural Practices Trial design was as for Fremont. Seed was sown on March and 7, 986. Seedlings were transplanted to /4" cell paks and moved outdoors to

6 harden them off on May 6. Cul tivars: Taurus, Mountain Pride, Celebrity, HXP 87, and Pik Red were planted in the field on May. Cultivar~: Castle Crown, Revolution, Castle King, Taylor, and Burton were planted on May 9. One thousand pounds/a of were broadcast and worked in after plowing. At field planting, each plant received / pint of -5-8 starter solution, mixed pounds per 5 gallons of water. Sencor was applied post at /4 pound ai/a after the plants were well established. Irrigation was applied at the rate of inch per week. No fungicides were applied during the season. There were two applications of Sevin and Thiodan and application of Guthion for insect control. Weather Data Vegetable Crops Branch - Fremont Month May June July August Septem. Precipitation Rain{inches) >> See sweet corn trials for Columbus weather data. Table Of Seed Sources: Table Code. Abbott & Cobb, Inc., Box 7, Feasterville, PA 947. AG Agri-Seed & Chemical, 85 Dryden Rd., Metamora, MI AR ARCO Seed Co. East Ross Ave., El Centro, CA AS Asgrow Seed Co., P.. Box 9, Mechanicsburg, PA H Harris Moran Seed Co., Moreton Farm, 67 Buffalo Rd., Rochester, N.Y P Peto Seed Co., Inc., Greenwood, SC 9647

7 Table. Yield, Grade, and Fruit Size of Greenwrap Tomato Cultivars, Fremont-986 First Harvest August 7, 986 Total Harvest to Oct., 986 Marketable Yield Marketable Yield Percent by WT Fruit Percent by WT Fruit Cultivar No US # Total Wt Size No US # Total Wt Size (/A) (Tons/A) us # Culls (lb) (/A) (Tons/A) us # Culls (lb). BHN 68 B BHN 67 B Mountain Pride Sunny BHN BHN BHN LSD (.5) Vl

8 Table. Yield, Grade, and Fruit Size of Staked Tomato Cultivars, Columbus-986 Early Harvest (7- to ) Total Harvest to Sept. 9 Marketable Yield Marketable Yield Seed Percent by NO. Fruit Percent by WT Fruit Cultivar Source us # Total WT Size us # Total WT Size (/A) (Tons/A) us # Culls ( lb) (/A) (Tons/A) us # Culls (lb). Celebrity p o. 4. Mountain Pride AG HXP87 H Revolution Taurus AG Taylor AR Pik Red H Burton AR Castle 6 8. Crown AR Castle 68.5 King AR LSD (.5) See: "Seed Sources" for explanations of seed source codes. +o-

9 Table. Quality Ratings for Staked Tomato Cultivars, Columbus-986 External Fruit Quality Internal Fruit Quality Seed General Green Cone. Radial Deform. Blot Cultivar Source Appear. Shoulder Crack. Crack. Cat face Zipper Fruit Ripen. Core Color Overall. Celebrity p G Mountain Pride AG G HXP87 H G Revolution G Taurus AG G Taylor AR G Pik Red H G Burton AR G Castle Crown AR G Castle King AR G Seed Sources: see Table of Seed Sources for explanation of the seed source codes. External Fruit Appearance & Disorders (from L tor): General Appearance, Concentric Cracking, Radial Cracking, Catfacing, Zippering, Deformed Fruit, Blothcy Ripening. >>SCALE: 5 = Very Good, = Poor. Internal Fruit Ratings: Core: size and appearance at stem end. >>SCALE: 5 = Very Good, = Poor. All ratings based on harvest in August. U

10 6 986 SWEET CORN CULTIVAR EVALUATION COLUMBUS: Gerald Myers, Ken DeWeese, Laura Brinkman, Gail Edgington, and Jeff Hartline FREMONT: Charles Willer and staff Data Analysis and Report: Robert J. Precheur Mailing Address: Department of Horticulture The Ohio State University Fyffe Court Columbus 4 This is a summary of our work evaluating several super and normal sweet corn cultivars. The same cultivars were evaluated at both Fremont and Columbus in 986. However, due to labor restraints, weather, and the increased number of research projects at Fremont, not all of the Fremont plots could be harvested at the proper time. Trial Design At both locations, thirteen super-sweet cultivars were grown in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Twelve normal sweet corn cu tivars were evaluated in Fremont and normal varieties were evaluated in Columbus. Spacing was 6 inches between rows and 8- inches between plants within rows. There were 45 seeds per plot. FREMONT Cultural Practices: Seed was sown on June, 986. Guard rows were planted to the north and south sides of rows running east and west at Fremont. All plots were planted with hand jabbers at a plant spacing as mentioned above. Super Sweet Corn plots were isolated from normal sweet corn plots. Nine hundred pounds/a of -- were broadcast and worked in after plowing. One hundred fifty pounds of -- fertilizer was was worked in and marked out weeks prior to planting. The corn was sidedressed with ammonium nitrate at a rate of 5 lbs/a. Three quarts of Lasso per acre were used for weed control. Insecticides were applied on a regular spray schedule, See below: Material Sevin Lannate Dipel Date Applied 7/4, 7/8 7/8, 8/ 8/

11 7 Weather Data Vegetable Research Branch - Precipitation Month Rain(inches) Fremont April May June July August September COLUMBUS Cultural Practices: Corn was seeded on May 4, 986. Plot size and spacing were as mentioned above for Fremont. Guard rows were planted to the east and west sides of rows running north and south with guard hills-across the north and south ends of the entire planting. In addition to the other guard rows, 4 rows of an early maturing and a late maturing cultivar were planted on both the east and west sides of the entire planting of plots to enhance pollination. Super Sweet Corn plots were isolated from normal sweet corn plots. All plots were planted by hand jabber. Prior to plowing, fertilizer was applied broadcast at a rate of lbs per acre. There was also 5 pounds 6-4- placed inches to the side and inches below the seed at planting time. Dual herbicide was applied immed.iatel y after planting. Most lots of seed had been treated with a fungicide and/or insecticide. Irrigation was' used throughout the season as needed. There were no sprays for worm control as indicated by the excessive amount of ears lost to worm damage.

12 8 Weather Data University Weather Station - Columbus Month, Precipitation Rain( inches) May June July August Septem Table of Seed Sources Table Codes H L TW su Abbott & Cobb, Inc., Box 7, Feasterville, PA 947 Joseph Harris Co., Moreton Farm, 67 Buffalo Rd., Rochester, N.Y. 464 Liberty Seed Co., P.O.Box 86, New Philadelphia, OH 4466 Twiley Seed Co.Inc., Greenwood, SC 9647 Sun Seeds, Eden Prairie, MN 5544

13 Table. Yield, and Other Characteristics of Super Sweet Corn Cultivars, Fremont-986 Cultivar Seed Source Days to First Harvest Marketable Yield/A Dozen Wt Mkt Ears (tons/a) % Percent Stand Ear Length Husked (in) Ear Width Husked (in) Ear Damage (Number I 4 reps) Ear Worms Smut Tip Cover Tip Fill Husk Tightness Bi-COLOR. Summer Sweet 78. Double Delight. Summer Sweet 85 LI Yellow 4. Summer Sweet Pinnacle 6. Sweet Time 7. Landmark 9. Summer Sweet 7. Summer Sweet 77. Summer Sweet 76. Main Time. Miracle HA TW HA TW LI o 7 6 LSD (.5).64.7 EAR SIZE: based on total length, diameter of husked ears per cultivar. EAR DAMAGE: based on total number of ears from 4 plots. >> Tip Cover, Husk Tightness, and Tip Fill: based on average rating of ears per plot. TIP COVER: = exposed; = inches covered. TIP FILL: = filled; ~ unfilled inch or less; = unfilled greater than inch. HUSK TIGHTNESS: = loose; = firm; = tight. \

14 Table. Yield, and Other Characteristics of Super Sweet Corn Cultivars, Columbus-986 Cultivar Seed Source Days to First Harvest Marketable Yield/A Dozen Wt Mkt Ears (tons/a) % Percent Stand Ear Length Husked (in) Ear Width Husked (in) Ear Damage (Number I 4 reps) Ear Worms Smut Bird Tip Cover Tip Fill Husk Tightness Bi-COLOR. Summer Sweet 78. Double Delight. Summer Sweet 85 LI Yellow 4. Summer Sweet Pinnacle 6. Summer Sweet Main Time 8. Sweet Time 9. Summer Sweet 7. Landmark. Miracle. Summer Sweet 77. Summer Delicious HA TW TW HA LI LI LSD (.5) EAR SIZE: based on total length, diameter of husked ears per cultivar. EAR DAMAGE: based on total number of ears from 4 plots. >> Tip Cover, Husk Tightness, and Tip Fill: based on average rating of ears per plot. TIP COVER: ; exposed; = inches covered. TIP FILL: = filled; = unfilled inch or less; = unfilled greater than inch. HUSK TIGHTNESS: = loose; = firm; = tight. f--

15 NORMAL SWEET CORN CULTIVAR EVALUATIONS Table. Yield, and Other Characteristics of Normal Sweet Corn Cultivars, Fremont-986 Seed First Dozen Wt Cultivar Source Harvest Ears (tons/a) Bi-COLOR Ear Damage Marketable Yield/A Ear Ear (Number I 4 reps) Days to Length Width Mkt % %Plt Stand Husked (in) Husked (in) Ear Worms Smut Tip Cover Tip Fill Husk Tightness. Sweet Sal ( I 8) $ HA Carnival AS Honeymoon L Calypso ('8)* R WHITE ~ White Lightning Snow Belle AS Platinum Lady L Yellow Supreme 9. Sundance ('84)* HA LSD (.5) * Seed Age. EAR SIZE: based on total length, diameter of husked ears per cultivar. EAR DAMAGE: based on total number of ears from 4 plots. >> Tip Cover, Husk Tightness, and Tip Fill: based on average rating of ears per plot. TIP COVER: = exposed; = inches covered. TIP FILL: = filled; = unfilled inch or less; = unfilled greater than inch. HUSK TIGHTNESS: = loose; = firm; = tight. t-' t-'

16 NORMAL SWEET CORN CULTIVAR EVALUATIONS... Table 4. Yield, and Other Characteristics of Normal Sweet Corn Cultivars, Columbus-986 Ear Damage Marketable Yield/A Ear Ear (Number I 4 reps) Days to Length Width Seed First Dozen Wt Mkt % Plt Husked Cul tivar Source Harvest Ears (tons/a) ' Stand (in) Bi-COLOR.... Sweet Sal ( 8)* HA Honeymoon L Carniv~l AS Calypso ('8)* R WHITE White Lightning Snow Belle AS Platinum Lady L Yellow I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 8. Sugar Loaf Supreme HA Seneca Sentry ('8)* L Zenith HA Seneca Pinto L Sundance ( 84)* LSD (.5) 8.. Husked (in) * Seed Age EAR SIZE: based on total length, diameter of husked ears per cultivar. EAR DAMAGE: based on total number of ears from 4 plots. >> Tip Cover, Husk Tightness, and Tip Fill: based on average rating of ears per plot. TIP COVER: = exposed; = inches covered. TIP FILL: = filled; = unfilled inch or less; = unfilled greater than inch. HUSK TIGHTNESS: = loose; = firm; = tight. Ear Worms Smut Bird Damage Tip Cover Tip Husk Fill Tightness -' N

17 Table 5. Sweetness Characteristics of Super Sweet Corn Cultivars At Post-Harvest Intervals, Columbus- 986 Days Post-Harvest 5 Days Post-Harvest 8 Days Post-Harvest Cultivar Soluble Solids Refractive Index Soluble Solids Refractive Index Soluble Solids Refractive Index Bi-COLOR.... Summer Sweet Summer Sweet Double Delight LI Yellow Summer Delicious LI Sweet Time TW Landmark HA Summer Sweet Summer Sweet Miracle LI Main Time TW.5.5. Summer Sweet Pinnacle HA..5. Summer Sweet LSD (.5) At harvest, a sample was taken for analysis for soluble solids (SS) and refractive index (RI). The sample was divided into lots and stored at 4 degrees F. The post-harvest analysis appears in the table above for the time periods. For each test period, certain cultivars are signticantly sweeter than others at that particular time and also for the three periods. However, it cannot be determined it one cultivar is better than holding sugar than another since some cultivars seem to be gaining sugar from day to day 7. This sugar increase indicates the wide variation in sugar content from ear to ear at harvest. On day after harvest, Summer Delicious had significantly greater soluble solids and Landmark had significantly greater refractive index than all other cultivars. On day 5, Summer Delicious and Miracle were sweeter than all other cultivars. On day 7, Summer Delicious is again sweeter than all other cultivars except tor Miracle. The LSD values can be used to make other comparisons since there are other significant differences in sweetness. Much appreciation is given to Winston Bash, Jeff Thomas, and Andrea Anderson from the pilot plant who ran the various sugar tests for this report. I-' vl

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