Boreal Plant Breeding and Raisioagro. Maize breeding, production and cultivation in Nordic conditions.

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1 Boreal Plant Breeding and Raisioagro Maize breeding, production and cultivation in Nordic conditions. Ole Schmidt March 2014

2 Groupe Limagrain 3,500 co-op members 8,200 employees worldwide (including 1,450 in Auvergne) 1,939 M sales in 2013 (including 385 M in Auvergne) 1,750 employees in research (including > 200 in Auvergne)

3 Seeds 4 th largest seed company in the world 2 nd largest in the world for Vegetable Seeds 5 th largest in the world and No. 1 in Europe for Field Seeds No. 1 in Europe for seed packets (Consumer)

4 Our sectors

5 Breeding Organisation Limagrain MAIN FIGURES EUROPE (all crops) 33 research centers - 14 maize (including winter nurseries) - 12 cereals/rapeseed - 4 sunflower - 3 labs (Molecular markers/biotech) Budget: 13 % of turnover More than 1 million plots (all crops) 5

6 Limagrain Majsbreeding in Europe W 4 W 4W 4 W 6 4E 4E 4E

7 Maize: hybrid-varieties Heterosis Inbredline flint Inbredline dent Single Cross Hybrid flint-dent 7

8 Seed quality, Coldtest and Earliness Important Features for maize seed Earliness Seed quality Feed value Yield and stability 8

9 Hybrid choice Earliness Earliness must suit the location Coldtolerance Spring development/early vigouer

10 Vælg sorter med rette tidlighed Vigtigt at tage i betragtning Kystnärhet Höjde o. havet Vindforhold Frostrisiko forår og høst FAO <180 FAO FAO 210 FAO

11 Spring development Under foot fertilizer at planting is important

12 Hybrid choice Seed quality LG Coldtest treated seeds 7 days at 9 degrees 3 days at 25 degrees Substrate is soil from maize field Only normal germs counts Also test of vitality physiologic ageing of the seeds For untreated seed the cold test is performed on untreated seeds - the only seed producer doing this 12

13 We grow maize for the energy to the milk production! -But do not forget the importance of high fiber quality Plant component Plant share Digestibility Energy part Starch 28-42% 98% 45-55% Remaing cell content (sugars, proteins, fats, remainder) 14-20% 85% 20-30% Progress to make Cell wall 40-50% 56% 20-30%

14 Maize => Starch and digestible fibers (cell walls) Energy engine in maize stivelse cellevægge Stimulates rumen funktion Important energy source Minimizes the risk of acidosis Enhances the health of the cow ph Provides yield stability and security Feeding of the rumen is first of all feeding of the rumen bacterias The bacterias should feel well they are sensitive to alternating feed sources and fluctuations in ph. High amounts of starch fed over a short period, will cause a drastic drop in ph. 14

15 High FK NDF = more milk Maize type low NDF-FK high NDF-FK low NDF-FK high NDF-FK Harvest time early early late late Feed intake kg pr. day DM total 20,1 21,2 20,6 23,8 Maize sil. 11,7 12,3 12,0 13,8 FE pr. day 17,9 20,4 18,1 23,1 Milk kg pr.day 31,9 36,0 31,5 37,0 ECM kg pr.day 31,0 33,5 29,3 34,1 Source: DJF report Majsensilage til malkekøer Husdyrbrug nr. 65 august 2005, Martin Weisbjerg 15

16 LG maize hybrids Hybrids with fokus on: Top yield Maximum fiber quality FK NDF Seed quality the best on the market LG Animal Nutrition For highest possible milk yields! 16

17 Choose maize hybrids with highest feed value FEED VALUE = STARCH + digestible FIBERS Underlining the hybrids with the best feed quality! To the dairy farmer Maize hybrids with the best agronomics Maize hybrids with the best feed quality and economy Easier to choose hybrids

18 LG ANIMAL NUTRITION - a European succes Holland : +0,5 kg per cow/day. Institut experiement. Danmark: Trials at KFC Foulum: 0,25 kg milk/cow extra a day for every 1% higher FK-NDF better fiber quality. Polen: + 1,5 kg per cow/day. Institutf experiment. Frankrig : + 0,6-2,5 kg per cow/day. Many practical experiences Ungarn : +0,6-0,9 kg per cowday. Institutexperiment.

19 The LG Animal Nutrition Maize Hybrids in Denmark Landsforsøgene

20 Dry matter yield, rel Middle Sweden - Dry matter yield Beethoven 95 SY Milkytop Destiny 90 SY Comandor NK Jasmic 85 Arcade Artist Severus Glory Ambition Sergio Keen Exxtens Activate Ramirez Augustus ,0 26,0 27,0 28,0 29,0 30,0 31,0 32,0 33,0 34,0 35,0 Dry matter % 20

21 Starch yield, rel Middle Sweden - Starch yield Destiny Artist Glory Sergio Beethoven Ambition Augustus Keen Arcade Severus SY Milkytop Activate NK Jasmic Ramirez Exxtens SY Comandor ,0 26,0 27,0 28,0 29,0 30,0 31,0 32,0 33,0 34,0 35,0 Dry matter, % 21

22 Starch yield, rel Middle Sweden - Starch yield - Dry matter yield Destiny Activate Artist Glory 105 Sergio Augustus Ambition Keen Arcade Severus SY Milkytop Beethoven 90 Ramirez Exxtens 85 NK Jasmic SY Comandor Dry matter yield, rel. 22

23 indf, % of NDF Middle Sweden - indf % - Starch yield 17,5 Augustus Activate 18 Arcade Keen Sergio Artist Glory 18,5 Ambition 19 19,5 SY Comandor Ramirez Exxtens Severus Destiny Beethoven 20 20,5 NK Jasmic SY Milkytop 21 21, Starch yield, rel. 23

24 Starch yield, rel Middle Sweden - Starch yield/starch content Glory 115 Destiny 110 Artist Activate Beethoven Ambition Severus Arcade 95 Ramirez 90 NK Jasmic Starch content, % of dry matter 24

25 Dry matter yield, rel Middle Sweden - Dry matter yield/starch content 100 Beethoven Destiny 95 NK Jasmic Ambition Artist Severus Glory Arcade Activate Ramirez Starch content, % of dry matter 25

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29 Maize in Denmark ha ha silage maize ha cob-silage ha grain maize 90 % of the acreage is fertilized with manure/slurry Slurry must be incorporated in the soil in the same drive (before sowing) 80-90% of the acreage is plowed Sowing is often a contractor-job 29

30 Sowing time and technique Sowing when soil temp is 8 0C or more And a forecast of steady warm weather for a week The maize needs 8-10 days to emerge at this time of the year and the seedling has to emerge above soil, before rain or cold weather sets in Sowing depth 3-6 cm but 4 cm er optimum always in moist soil. Start-up fertilizer is compulsory in cold regions 30

31 Fertilization of silage maize in DK Start-up fertilizer (under foot) is compulsory N og P very important! Always kg N/ha improves spring development 5 20 kg P/ha improve root growth + cold tolerance P depending on the soil phosphorous status N-total application in Danmark Yield Tons ts/ha Kg N/ha Soil type Optimal N/ha (ca) 10,3 149 Sand ,4 Low N-need 162 after clover Sand grass irrigated lay ,3 (often only 50%) 139 Med soil JB Remember potash K fertilization 11,9 154 Clay

32 Potash Potash (K) fertilization Potash need is as a general rule the same as nitrogen need in kg/ha - appr. 9 g K pr. kg DM harvested Lack of potash: Reduces the water holding capacity in the plant important on sandy soils Causes hanging short cobs Empty cob-tips 32

33 Plant densities silage maize Plant density must fit the hybrid maturity and the location Warm fields/areas max pl/ha Medium fields/areas pl/ha Cold areas light soils max pl/ha Lantmannens majstävling 2009 plant density for top 3 Plats 1 Silagemaize Atrium Plats 2 Silagemaize Beethoven Plats 3 Silagemaize Award Limagrain won : Combination of strong hybrids, strategy and higher plant density 33

34 Plant density danish trials Optimal plantetal Row planting / precission seeding Less seed needed, higher feed quality, normally higher yields 34

35 Maize, weeds and catch crops Weeds 1. treatment days after planting on very small weed plants 2. treatment days later 3. treatment can be nescessary look carefully or late emerging weeds 1. chemical treatment followed up by 1 mechanic weeding At the same time a nitrogen catch crops (grass) is very common and will even more required by government in the future 35

36 Best practices Choose hybrids with correct earliness Too early is much better than too late Heat up the seed beed in the spring by plowing and applying slurry Plant as soon as soil temp is +8 O and weather forecast good Density to plants per hektar The maize seedling must emerge before cold weather sets in, 9-11 days is needed Always use NP start-up fertilizer: kg N og 5-20 kg P Most P at low P content in the soil and after cerials Weed control must be done in time Use a clean sprayer with out chemical left-overs Avoid high sulfonylurea dosages on hot sunny days with cold nights

37 Climate Finland Choose the best locations 37

38 Yield FINLAND kg DM/ha rel. kg DM/ha rel. kg DM/ha rel. Dry matter, Plant % hight, cm Activate ,4 208 Ambition ,0 215 Arcade ,0 206 Artist ,5 206 Yukon ,5 228 Glory ,0 213 Sunlite ,0 210 Emperor ,4 222 Fieldstar ,2 214 Emblem ,6 215 Destiny ,4 221 Monty ,

39 Dry matter yield, relative Finland 120 Destiny Activate 110 Monty /83 Emblem Yukon Ambition Artist Arcade Fieldstar Glory 90 Sunlite ,0 19,0 20,0 21,0 22,0 23,0 24,0 25,0 26,0 27,0 28,0 Dry matter content at harvest, % 39

40 Thank you for your attention