Managing Malting Barley in NY

Transcription

1 Contact Information Cell: Blog: billsforagefiles.blogspot.com Website: Twitter: Bill Managing Malting Barley in NY Bill Verbeten Cornell Cooperative Extension NWNY Dairy, Livestock, & Field Crops Team

2 Take Home Points Malting barley acreage is rapidly increasing in New York. Growing a malting barley crop that meets a malt house s needs requires a lot of attention to detail.

3 3 Growing Malting Barley A Market & a Backup Plan. Right Variety Proper Planting Date Good Drainage Moderate Fertility Effective Weed Control Timely Fungicide Early Harvest Gentle Drying Insect Control in Storage

4 4 Malting Barley Acreage in NY Acres Projected Long-term15,000-30,000 acres of malting barley that meets quality standards

5 5 2 row vs. 6 row 2 row: generally slightly lower CP (1%) than 6 row 6 row: better agronomic traits, essentially the same quality as 2 row for brewing 6 row varieties are being used to make award winning beers in NY

6 What meets the mark? Each year not every acre of malting barley will meet malting standards for brewing. Need alternative markets as: distillers, beef, chicken feed, etc.

7 Markets for Malting Barley Malt houses currently in Cambria, Batavia, Rochester, Ithaca, & Newark Valley, NY. Also Hadley, MA and a couple in Philadelphia, PA. Potential malt houses in Albany, Canastota, and Long Island. See the Google Map for up to date list of malt houses and distilleries.

8 8

9 9 Malting Barley Value If CP 9-12%, DON, <1.0 PPM, Germ >95%, & Plumpness >75-85%, etc. Then farmers can get $10-12/bu Spring Varieties bu/a Winter Varieties bu/a

10 Seed Wintmalt was widely planted fall 2013 & KWS Scala & SY Tepee coming Quest, Conlon, & Newdale are the main spring varieties. Cornell varieties trials are on in their 4 th & 3 rd seasons in 2015.

11 11 Pick the right field Well-drained fields. Soil with ph Lime if needed. 35% of fields too low in 2014

12 12 Pick the right field Aggressive tillage can help reduce disease risk. Don t plant after corn or small grain. Nearby small grain & corn fields can harbor disease.

13 13 Nitrogen lb./a of nitrogen CP as N 33% of fields over 12% CP and 52% over 11% CP in 2014.

14 14 Phosphorus P placement and amount critical for small grain establishment, winter survival, & yield.

15 15 Potassium Deficiencies can lead to Poor root growth Restricted leaf development Fewer grains per head Smaller grain size affecting both yield & quality More vulnerable to drought, frost and waterlogging as well as pests and diseases.

16 16 Sulfur Barley may respond to lb./a.

17 17 Barley Diseases

18 Barely Diseases Fusarium Head Blight is the single biggest challenge to growing malting barley in NY. Do not grow barley after corn or another small grain. Tillage reduces/buries inoculum. Spray at Feekes 10.5 with Caramba or Prosaro. (Possible earlier applications as well with other products).

19 19

20 20 Weeds and Insects Tillage & tine weeders for organic. Don t use 2,4-D late. Harmony products ok. CLB Thresholds 3 larvae per stem prior to flag leaf stage 1 per flag leaf at or after Feekes 9.0).

21 21 Harvest Early Add a front cover plate. As soon as you can get in, grain will be ~16-20% moisture. Go slow. Dry 5-10 F above ambient temp (100 F max grain temp).

22 22 Cleaning Seed Either the farm or the malt house will be cleaning the seed. Can increase quality by getting rid of smaller, diseased, low-germ kernels.

23 23 Storage Need smaller bins, totes, or super sacks. Most malt houses do not have on-site storage yet. Clean bins & treat with insecticide prior to filling. Treat grain with insecticide prior to leaving the farm.

24 24 Growing Malting Wheat Same practices as barley Plant Medina, a soft white winter wheat developed by Cornell Contact Craig Phelps for seed. cphelps@edgewoodfarms ny.com Phone:

25 25 Growing Distilling Grains Corn & Rye Huge opportunity for farmers to sell grains locally. Need to establish relationships with distillers.

26 26 Growing Distilling Rye Yield (kg/ha) Guttino Gonello Bellami Palazzo KWS Magnifico Brasetto (180 k/m2) Brasetto (200 k/m2) Brasetto (250 k/m2) KWS-H 119 KWS-H 120 KWS-H 124 KWS-H 131 KWS-H 132 KWS-H 134 Same practices as barley. Current varieties low yielding ~30 bu/a. German hybrid rye yielded over 100 bu/a in 2013 & 2014 trials Hybrid rye currently in seed increase phase in NY.

27 27 Growing Malting Barley A Market & a Backup Plan. Right Variety Proper Planting Date Good Drainage Moderate Fertility Effective Weed Control Timely Fungicide Early Harvest Gentle Drying Insect Control in Storage

28 Questions?