Recalibration for Sunflower

Transcription

1 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recalibration for Sunflower Eric Schultz, MS Student, NDSU Dave Franzen, NDSU Extension Soil Specialist

2 Current recommendations N rate = (0.05 x Yield potential) - N credits P recommendations assume critical level of 16 ppm Significant P rates needed at <15 ppm

3 Recommendations have not changed for about 40 years- 1970s research Herbicide resistant systems Disease resistance Downy mildew, sunflower rust, Sclerotinia Crop rotations early rotations included fallow Tillage systems conservative

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5 Experimental Design RCBD, split plot, 4 replications Main plots 6 N Rates: lbs N / acre ammonium nitrate or Agrotain + urea Sub plots 2014: 4 P Rates: 0 90 lbs P 2 O 5 / acre 2015: 2 P Rates: 0, 60 lbs P 2 O 5 / acre triple superphosphate

6 Yield, pounds per acre Sunflower Yield, N Treatment Rate only y = x x R² = N Treatment Rate, lbs N per acre

7 Yield, pounds per acre Sunflower Yield, Including Soil Test N y = x x R² = Total known available N, lbs per acre

8 Yield, lbs per acre 4500 Eastern ND Sunflower Yield, y = x x R² = TKAN, lbs per acre

9 Yield, lbs per acre Eastern ND No-Till Sunflower Yield, y = x x R² = TKAN, lbs per acre

10 Yield, lbs per acre 4000 Western ND Sunflower Yield, y = x x R² = Total known available N, lbs per acre

11 Sunflower oil, percent 50 Western ND Sunflower Oil, y = x R² = Total known available N, lbs per acre

12 Sunflower oil, percent Bottineau Sunflower Oil, two sites y = x R² = Total known available N, lbs per acre

13 Site ID STP ppm Calibration level P response? B-ND14 11 M No DS-ND14 8 M No H-ND14 9 M No ON-SD14 10 M No AD-ND15 3 VL No B-ND15 2 VL No BF-ND15 8 M No BN-ND15 7 L No BS-ND15 8 M No CH-ND15 8 M No D-ND15 6 L No L-ND15 7 L No C-SD15 8 M No VL M testing sites,

14 P responding sites, , only the W-ND15 site was economically beneficial (high yield near 4,000 lb/acre) Site ID STP (ppm) Calibration level P response? Yield increase A-ND14 5 L Yes 320 lbs/a BF-ND14 17 VH Yes 220 lbs/a W-ND15 11 M Yes 281 lbs/a

15 New Sunflower Fertilizer Recommendations Eric Schultz, MS Student, NDSU Dave Franzen, NDSU Extension Soil Specialist

16 Additional datasets included: N trials, 4 sites 2 oilseed, 2 confection lbs N/acre N & P, North Dakota sites

17 New recommendations: Region and tillage based Diminishing returns for N Economic production function } Return to N model Return to N model: Developed by Sawyer and Nafziger, 2005 Used for corn and wheat recommendations

18 Other considerations for the updated recommendations: New Sunflower fields foot soil sample for N - if >30 lbs N, additional N credit Oil Lodging Disease

19 Percent Oil Bottineau Sunflower Oil, two sites y = x R² = Total known available N, lbs per acre

20 Percent Sunflower Lodging Percent Sunflower Lodging vs. N Rate, Bottineau, ND, 2015 y = x R² = Total known available N, lbs per acre

21 Yield, lbs per acre 4000 Western North Dakota Sunflower Yield y = x x R² = Total known available N, lbs per acre

22 500 Western ND Return to N Sunflower price $0.12 (bottom) to $0.24 (top) per pound N cost $0.20 to $0.60 per pound Max. return at $0.15 and $0.45 is about 120 lbs SF20N 15SF20N 18SF20N 21SF20N 24SF20N 12SF30N 15SF30N 18SF30N 21SF30N 24SF30N 12SF40N 15SF40N 18SF40N 21SF40N 24SF40N 12SF50N 15SF50N 18SF50N 21SF50N 24SF50N 12SF60N 15SF60N 18SF60N 21SF60N 24SF60N

23 Sunflower Seed Price $ per pound N cost, $ per pound Total Known Available N, pounds per acre Add 10 lbs for confections except for 0 values

24 Yield, lbs per acre 4000 Eastern North Dakota No-Till Sunflower Yield y = x x R² = Total known available N, pounds per acre

25 500 Eastern ND No-till Return to N Sunflower price $0.12 (bottom) to $0.24 (top) per pound N cost $0.20 to $0.60 per pound Max. return at $0.15 and $0.45 is about 110 lbs SF20N 15SF20N 18SF20N 21SF20N 24SF20N 12SF30N 15SF30N 18SF30N 21SF30N 24SF30N 12SF40N 15SF40N 18SF40N 21SF40N 24SF40N 12SF50N 15SF50N 18SF50N 21SF50N 24SF50N 12SF60N 15SF60N 18SF60N 21SF60N 24SF60N

26 Sunflower Seed Price $ per pound N cost, $ per pound Total Known Available N, pounds per acre* Add 10 lbs for confections except for 0 values

27 Yield, lbs per acre Eastern North Dakota Conventional Till Sunflower Yield y = x x R² = Total known available N, lbs per acre

28 Sunflower rust severity rating as a result of N rate, Dickinson, ND, N rate, lb per acre Sunflower rust rating a ab b ab ab ab Ratings made on images obtained by retired plant pathologist Roger Ashley and rated by Dr. Samuel Markel, NDSU Extension Plant Pathologist.

29 Eastern conventional till oilseed Sunflower Seed Price $ per pound N cost, $ per pound Total Known Available N, pounds per acre* Add 10 lbs for confections except for 0 values

30 500 Eastern ND Conventional Till Confections Return to N Sunflower price $0.12 (bottom) to $0.24 (top) per pound N cost $0.20 to $0.60 per pound Max. return at $0.15 and $0.45 is about 135 lbs SF20N 15SF20N 18SF20N 21SF20N 24SF20N 12SF30N 15SF30N 18SF30N 21SF30N 24SF30N 12SF40N 15SF40N 18SF40N 21SF40N 24SF40N 12SF50N 15SF50N 18SF50N 21SF50N 24SF50N 12SF60N 15SF60N 18SF60N 21SF60N 24SF60N

31 Phosphorus? Zero Phosphorus Micronutrient-like Overall only 3 responses, 1 economic Sufficient uptake from soil, even low (<8 ppm) sites Dry matter, yes Seed yield? No

32 NDSU Ext. Circular available by March 1 st Online N Calculator in the works

33 Acknowledgements National Sunflower Association National Science Foundation (NSF-Grant)