High Tunnel Crops. Shubin K. Saha D.P.M., Ph.D., Extension Vegetable Specialist Department of Horticulture University of Kentucky

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1 High Tunnel Crops Shubin K. Saha D.P.M., Ph.D., Extension Vegetable Specialist Department of Horticulture University of Kentucky

2 High Tunnel Crops Tomatoes #1 Specialty Cucumbers Colored Bell Peppers Lettuce

3 Structure Rimol Nor Easter Dimensions 30 ft x 96 ft Construction 4 ft bow spacing, truss at every bow

4 Passive Ventilation: -Ridge Vent - Roll-up Sides - Roll-up endwalls **Consider Orientation Automated via thermostat: Ridge vent and sides Covering: - Endwall (Woven Poly) - Roof and Sides (6 mil clear poly) Structure

5 Inner curtain lowered

6 Endwall and Ridge Vent

7 Ridge Vent

8 Cooling Shading - shade cloth on roof - application of shade paint to roof

9 Cooling

10 Trellis

11 Trellis

12

13

14

15

16

17 Cucumber Experiment (Double-Crop) RCBD 4 replicates (two in each tunnel), 6 varieties evaluated Transplanted: July 29, 2012 (20 DAS) Plots 5 ft x 18 ft, 9 plants/plot, 24 inch in-row spacing Fertigation 4 times daily (150 gallons/house) Approximately 1 lb Nitrogen and 3 lbs Potassium/acre/day

18 High Tunnel Temperatures for 2012 (July October) MONTH LOW TEMPERATURE (Fahrenheit) HIGH TEMPERATURE (Fahrenheit) AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (Fahrenheit) July August September October

19 Varieties Two main types evaluated (Seedless) - English Cucumbers: Long (12-18 in), Diameter (1.5 2 in), Price ($ $2.00 each) - Beit Alpha Cucumbers: Short (4 6 in) and thin skinned, Diameter (about 1 in), Price (4-pack, $ $3.00) Traditional Field Slicer: $0.50 each

20 Beit Alpha English

21 Pruning Umbrella System English all lateral shoots removed Fruit set on main stem one fruit per node Beit Alpha lateral shoots pruned beyond 1 st node Fruit set on main stem and on 1 st node of lateral multiple fruit per node

22 Beit Alpha English

23 Varieties Variety Kalunga Verdon Bomber Kasja Sarig Manar Type English English English English Beit Alpha Beit Alpha

24 Total Cucumber Harvest 2012 Variety Marketable Fruit Number per plot z Cull Fruit Number per plot Marketable Total Weight (lb) per plot Cull Fruit Weight (lb) per plot Average Weight Marketable Fruit (oz) per plot Marketable Fruit per ft 2 Marketable Fruit Weight (lb) per ft 2 Manar a y 81.8 b d 16.8 c 2.50 c a 1.57 d Sarig a a d 26.5 bc 2.45 c a 1.53 d Kalunga b 28.0 c a 22.1 bc a 2.46 b 2.12 a Verdon b 36.0 c ab 26.6 bc b 2.45 b 1.98 ab Bomber b 37.0 c bc 32.4 b b 2.23 b 1.82 bc Kasja b 42.8 c c 44.1 a b 2.19 b 1.80 c z Plot size: 70 ft 2 y Means in columns separated by Fisher s least significant test (P 0.05), means with same letter are not significantly different.

25 Summary of harvest data Beit Alpha produced more fruit compared to English Total Weight however was greater in the English type Sarig was first to show signs of PM and DM Kalunga had the largest individual fruit weight Beit Alpha types were ready for harvest sooner Yield and quality diminished for all cucumbers in the late harvest period

26 Abiotic and Biotic Crop Problems

27 Two Spotted Spider Mites Predatory Mite Neoseiulus californicus

28 Looper and Yellow-Striped Armyworm Bt

29 Downy Mildew Ranman- 0 day PHI Previcur Flex 2 day PHI Rampart 0 day PHI Disease development slowed as temperatures dropped

30 Downy Mildew

31 Powdery Mildew Rally 1 day PHI After first application, conducive conditions diminished

32 Physiological Problem aborted fruit

33 Physiological Problem cracking and leaking

34 Orange Bell Pepper Trial 2013

35 RCBD 4 replicates (two in each tunnel), 6 varieties Transplanted: April 17, 2013 Plots 5 ft x 18 ft, 9 plants/plot, 24 inch in-row spacing Pre-plant application: - 30 lbs N/Acre, 200 lbs pelletized lime/acre - Fertigation: ¼ lb to 1lb KNO 3 /tunnel/day two weeks post transplanting. Pepper Experiment

36 Pruning Remove Crown Fruit Remove lateral shoots up to branching point on plant

37

38 Spanish Trellis

39 Spanish Trellis

40 Spanish Trellis

41 C- Clip

42 Spanish Trellis

43 Harvest Harvest Photo Credit: Elio Jovicich

44 Varieties

45 High Tunnel Peppers Harvest, 2013 Total (July 2 August 29, 18 harvests) Variety Total Mkt Fruit Weight (lb) per plot z Total Non- Mkt Fruit Weight (lb) per plot Mkt Fruit Number per plot Non- Mkt Fruit Number per plot Average Mkt Fruit Weight (lb) Average Non-Mkt Fruit Weight (lb) Average Yield per plant (lb) PPO Sympathy Magno Sig NS y NS NS NS NS NS NS

46 Weed Management

47 High Tunnel Sprayer

48 Pollination Electric bees (vibrating rods) Only for small operations Bumblebees Synthetic wind (Leaf blower)

49 Questions? Contact: Shubin K. Saha

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