A Survey of Macrofungi on Observatory Hill: Spring 2012 and Winter 2012/2013

Transcription

1 Cortinarius parkeri Ammirati, Seidl & Ceska A Survey of Macrofungi on Observatory Hill: Spring 2012 and Winter 2012/2013 Oldriska Ceska 1809 Penshurst Road Victoria, BC, Canada V8N 2N6 March 2013

2 A Survey of Macrofungi on Observatory Hill: Spring 2012 and Winter 2012/2013 Oldriska Ceska March 2013 Abstract The surveys that started at the end of November 2004 have yielded 1,166 species of macrofungi from an area of about 71.4 ha. In the 2012/2013 season, 40 visits to Observatory Hill yielded 415 species of macrofungi, of which 56 species were found on Observatory Hill for the first time. Some species found on Observatory Hill in 2012/2013 have not been previously known in Canada. One new species of the genus Cortinarius, Cortinarius parkeri (see the cover photograph), has been described in the April 2012 issue of the journal Botany (formerly called Canadian Journal of Botany). At least three more previously undescribed species are being studied by mycologists who are specialists in these particular groups of fungi. The most interesting find still remains a bluish fungus that appeared again on the same trunk of a fallen Garry oak as in 2012/2013. Internationally renowned mycologists in Europe and the eastern US have not been able to agree on the genus where the fungus should belong. DNA sequencing has been done on our samples and they indicate that this will be described as a new previously unknown species. It will be a species that is crucial to understanding the evolution of the whole large family of taonomically difficult fungi. In addition, the paper that described a new species of Inocybe (I. chondroderma) referred to our collections of this new species from Observatory Hill. Several other collections from Observatory Hill are being studied by the Canadian epert on this group in cooperation with mycologists in Sweden and their study will most probably lead to the description of a new genus. Prof. J. Ammirati has been working on collections of the genus Cortinarius from Observatory Hill that have been already DNA sequenced at the University of British Columbia and according to his opinion, his study may result in the description of several new species. Introduction Since the beginning of the 1990 s, there has been a renewed interest in the study of biodiversity. It was recognized that more attention should be paid to the study of global, national and local biodiversity. Hawksworth (2001) estimated that there were about 1.5 million fungal species. E.M. Fries (1825), one of the great founders of mycology, considered fungi equivalent to insects in terms of species number. 1

3 Most of the inventories have been short-term, and this is inadequate when one aims to obtain a full list of fungal species in an area. There are several well-known sites, all in Europe, that have been visited by mycologists for more than 20 years. Kindrogen Field Centre, Perthshire, UK, was used by R. Watling for running field courses over 30 years. Watling (1995) observed that the number of new additional species started to level off after about si years, then rose more slowly and almost reached a plateau after 19 years. He also concluded that the intensity of the study is critical to the completeness of the survey. The two best-known sites with long-term fungal inventories are both in England: Esher Common (about 400 ha) in Surrey and Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve (about 200 ha) in Devon. Results of these field studies clearly demonstrate the need for long-term fungal inventories. Both these sites have been studied for more than 25 years, but they continue to yield new, previously unrecorded species. This happens when new ecological niches are being eamined or when more specialists visit the site. Since 1969, about 64 mycologists have visited Slapton Ley National Reserve and participated in the mycological survey there. This survey yielded 2,344 species identified in this National Reserve by 1995 (Hawksworth 2001). In spite of the fact that Esher Common in Surrey and Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve in Devon are both similar in their ecology, it is estimated that only about 40 per cent of fungal species have been recorded in both sites. Kendrick (2005) discussed the rare and common occurrence of fungal species using results from several long-term surveys. He also included the first long-term study from Vancouver Island (Roberts et al. 2004). This was a five-year study of macrofungi of Clayoquot Sound and I was involved in this particular study. We recorded 551 species, but only 28 species reoccurred in every year of this study. On average, we found over 100 new species in the study area every year. Based on a review of several long-term mycological surveys, Kendrick (2005) concluded that 1) there are not many common macrofungi that would be found every year on a site; 2) there are more rarely fruiting or occasionally fruiting fungi than those that are common; and 3) the investigators should anticipate moderate numbers of previously unrecorded species every new year of an ongoing field survey. For instance, in a 21-year survey of a Swiss forest, only eight species out of the total 408 species recorded were found every year of the survey (Straatsma et al. 2001). Kendrick (2005) also analyzed species lists from 16 successive annual mushroom shows organized by the Cascade Mycological Society in Eugene, Oregon. The total number of species displayed in the 16 years of mushroom shows was close to 700 species. Based on this study, Kendrick divided species according to their rarity into five groups: 1. Ubiquitous or abundant: a fungus must occur in every year. Applies to about 5 per cent of taa recorded in the Cascade Mycological Society (CMS) database. 2. Common: a fungus must be recorded 4 years out of five. Applies to just over 10 per cent of the taa recorded in the CMS database. 2

4 3. Sporadic or occasional: taa recorded in 2 or 3 years out of 10. Applies to about 35 per cent of the taa recorded by the CMS. 4. Uncommon or infrequent: those taa which occurred in only 1 year out of 5 or less often, down to 1 year in 10. Applies to about 20 per cent of the taa recorded by the CMS. 5. Rare: those taa that occurred less often than 1 year in 10. This applies to almost 30 per cent of the taa recorded by the CMS. Hawksworth (2001) also compares the number of fungi species with the number of vascular plants on the sites with fungal inventories in England. Based on the inventories in the Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve, there are about five- to si-times more species of fungi than species of vascular plants. Study Area Observatory Hill (also called Little Saanich Mountain) is a hill 224 m high between Beaver/Elk and Prospect Lakes. Its elevation is 224 m above the sea level and the total area of the property is 71.4 ha. The plant communities are typical of the Coastal Douglas-fir Biogeoclimatic Zone. The drier western and southern slopes in the upper parts of Observatory Hill are open rock outcrops with a mosaic of mossy/grassy vegetation and several stands of Garry oak (Quercus garryana). The mied forest of Observatory Hill can be classified as mid-successional (45-80 years). Forest age is a factor in determining species composition of macrofungi, especially of the mycorrhizal fungi. Chronosequence studies suggest that forest structure, slope and eposure are more important factors than age for certain species (Norvell & Eeter 2004). However, the greatest richness in species was found in more comple, late-successional mied forests. Stands dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) are the major vegetation forest types in the study area. In the lower, colluvial slopes the forests belong to the Pseudotsuga menziesii Gaultheria shallon and Pseudotsuga menziesii Mahonia nervosa site series; whereas on the upper parts of the top plateau the forests belong to the drier Pseudotsuga menziesii Melica subulata site series as defined by Green & Klinka (1994). The area at the eastern base of the hill below the access road is covered with wetter Douglasfir forest (Thuja plicata Eurhynchium oreganum site series) with scattered big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum). Big-leaf maple forms a small stand along a small ephemeral stream at the bottom of this area. 3

5 Methodology Between April 14, 2012, and March 17, 2013, we visited the study area 40 times: twice in April (April 14 & 28), four times in May (May 13, 14, 25, & 28), three times in June (June 5, 20, & 29), three times in July (July 4, 18, & 20), no visit in August, one visit in September (September 12), three times in October (October 5, 17 & 25), si visits in November (November 4, 8, 9, 12, 24, & 25), seven times in December (December 1, 2, 4, 12, 14, 21, & 24), four times in January (6, 20, 21, & 25), four times in February (February 3, 15, 20, & 27), and two times in March (March 3 & 17). In my survey, I followed the Intuitive Controlled Survey Method as described by the US Bureau of Land Management in their numerous survey manuals. The methodology of mycological surveys was described in Roberts et al. (2004) and also in Castellano et al. (1999). Figure 1. Observatory Hill (Nature Areas Atlas: ). For simplicity, three main ecosystems in the study area were distinguished: 1. the mosaic of open, mossy rock outcrops with Quercus garryana/arbutus menziesii/pseudotsuga menziesii patches or small stands; 4

6 2. the mied drier forest with Pseudotsuga menziesii-gaultheria shallon and Pseudotsuga menziesii-mahonia nervosa; 3. the wetter forest with Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata, and Acer macrophyllum. Voucher specimens for most of the species collected on the site were preserved and will be deposited in the University of British Columbia Herbarium in Vancouver, BC. Representative specimens were photographed. There is a general misunderstanding that macrofungi can be easily identified without using a microscope and only with the help of field guides. In fact, proper identification requires a compound microscope and appropriate taonomic literature with good keys. In some cases, specialized monographs that deal with only one genus are necessary for reliable identification. According to Castellano et al. (1999, p. M-3) three to four days of lab work should be anticipated for each successful day of field work. Our eperience from this survey and other surveys shows that this statement is well justified. Climate of the year 2012 Spring 2012 was cold and wet, similar to the spring of Even in June, when the temperature got higher, the rain was persistent. From May 21 to June 20, it was raining continuously with a steady drizzle or light rain. June 2012 was nicknamed Juneuary by the local newspaper. According to meteorologists, this weather was driven by a persistent stationary low-pressure area along the western edge of the continent. Some minor precipitation in July was followed by a period of 100 days of sunshine without any rain. That made August and September 2013 the driest months on record. This weather situation led meteorologists to predict first an El Niño cycle for the fall. When it failed to happen, they forecasted a more normal weather for the winter 2012/13, even with 40 cm of snow. Instead, Victoria had above normal temperatures, rainfall, and sunshine in November and no snow. In December 2012, the weather was more normal; stormy, but mild, and with some snowfall only on the Malahat on Christmas Day. 5

7 J F M A M J J A S O N D mm Walter & Lieth Climate Diagrams for Victoria, BC Climate diagrams display monthly averages of temperature and total monthly precipitation over a year. In the diagrams, monthly precipitation (blue line) is plotted against the monthly mean temperature (red line), where 10 C corresponds to 20 mm of precipitation. The dotted area, where 2005 the precipitation curve dips below the 2006 temperature curve, indicates the magnitude and duration of the drought period J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0 mm J F M A M J J A S O N D mm J F M A M J J A S O N D mm J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0 mm J F M A M J J A S O N D mm J F M A M J J A S O N D mm J F M A M J J A S O N D 0.0 mm J F M A M J J A S O N D mm Figure 2. Climate diagrams of the Victoria Intl. Airport weather station J F M A M J J A S O N D mm

8 Current 2012/2013 collecting season The total number of macrofungi found during the survey on Observatory Hill in 2012/2013 was 415 species. Out of this number, 75 species (18%) were mycorrhizal, and the remaining 340 (82%) were non-mycorrhizal. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is the major mycorrhizal host tree, and there are about 2,000 fungal species that form mycorrhizal associations with this species throughout its area of distribution. Interesting, but also less known, are the species that form mycorrhizal associations with arbutus (Arbutus menziesii). On the other hand, western red-cedar (Thuja plicata) and big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) do not form mycorrhizal associations. In 2012 we had a record drought. Consequently, the number of species in 2012/2013 was the lowest since 2006, a year that was also one of the driest years on record. The total number of species in 2012/2013 was 415 whereas in 2006/2007 the total number was 306 species. The weather in spring 2012 was wet and very similar to the spring of This rainy condition lingered longer than it did in June 2012 was eceptionally wet. This was the result of persistent low pressure area along the western edge of the North American continent. Many mycorrhizal species were collected during this period. There were 35 spring mycorrhizal species out of all of the 75 species (46%). The rainy spring was reflected in the number of new species collected in 2012/2013 season. There were 22 (39%) out of all the 56 new species collected in this season. The majority of mycorrhizal species are usually most abundant in the fall. On Observatory Hill, the most important genera of mycorrhizal fungi are Inocybe and Cortinarius. They occur both in spring and in fall, but in the average years, the numbers of species of these two genera are higher in the fall than in spring. In 2012, there were 12 out of the total of 18 species of the genus Inocybe collected in the spring. Four species of the genus Cortinarius out of the total of 8 occurred in the spring. Some interesting species new for Observatory Hill were collected in the period from April to July 20, 2012, such as two false truffles, Hysterangium separabile and Hymenogaster subalpinus. Another interesting species was a spring ascomycete, Tarzetta cupularis. The longest period of drought started in the second half of July. There was no precipitation in August, and several insignificant showers in mid-september and again in the middle of October, when we had the first measurable rain on October 11, Those insignificant showers in September and October had no effect on growing fungi. Some response was noticed only on a few wood fungi, such as Phaeolus schweinitzii, both below the road and on the ridge. New growth of this species was seen from October 5 to October 17, At the same time, the forest was etremely dry, and sword fern leaves were wilted flat on the ground, and many leaves were already brown. This was mostly on the eastern slope, where some patches of salal were getting brown as well. We also went to see the area along the ephemeral creek, but even there it was dry. The only spot still wet was a small wetland that is connected to the ephemeral creek. There we found 7

9 several interesting fungi, such as three new species for Observatory Hill: Hebeloma helodes, and two Alnicola species, Alnicola alnetorum and Alnicola suavis. All three species are mycorrhizal species, associated with alder or willows. By the end of October 2012, there was an eplosion of Strobilurus trullisatus when many Douglas-fir cones were covered with this little fungus. Heavy rains at the beginning of November triggered only a few mycorrhizal fungi. The first mycorrhizal fungi that showed up were Gomphidius smithii, Gomphidius subroseus, and Suillus caerulescens. That was in the areas of western red-cedar forest, especially the one below the road. In the Douglas-fir forest on the ridge, the first mycorrhizal fungi appeared later, at the end of November and beginning of December. Even then we have seen only three mycorrhizal species: Hebeloma lutense, Suillus caerulescens and Cortinarius cinnamomeus. The situation with mycorrhizal species was slightly better on the southern slope, where we saw three species of Gomphidius and one species of each Inocybe, Cortinarius and Hebeloma that showed up at the beginning of December. In the middle of December, there were still only three mycorrhizal species, Gomphidius subroseus, Gomphidius smithii, and Suillus caerulescens in the Douglas-fir forest on the ridge. After the ground frost of December 14, 2012, all the mycorrhizal species there disappeared. In late December, there was a greater variety of mycorrhizal fungi in the western red-cedar forest. Also along the road, there were more mycorrhizal species than there were in the forest. At the beginning of 2013, there were no mycorrhizal species in the Douglas-fir forest on the ridge from January to March, ecept a single Inocybe lilacina in February. In the western red-cedar forest, several mycorrhizal species appeared sporadically from January to the end of March In January it was Inocybe pudica, Lactarius subviscidus, Inocybe geophylla, and the only Russula, Russula raoultii. In February, we saw Lactarius argillaceifolius and Clavulina cristata. In March, there was only one mycorrhizal fungus, Ramaria rubricarnata var. verna. The growth of non-mycorrhizal fungi in the fall was not too much affected by the longlasting summer drought. They appeared shortly after the first rain in the middle of October and continued to fruit through the fall and winter. In summary, the spring season of 2012 was relatively good, but prolonged summer drought resulted in the poorest fall season since we started this project. Heavy rains in November and December failed to trigger fruiting of the mycorrhizal fungi. That indicates that the damage to the mycelium by drought was significant. Trees might have been so stressed by the drought that they were not able to support the growth of mycorrhizal fungi. 8

10 Results and trends from long-term observations: winter 2004 through spring 2013 From November 2004 to the end of March 2013, a total of 1,166 species of macrofungi were identified and recorded from the study area. The cumulative growth of the number of species identified after each season is illustrated in Figure 3: Figure 3. Cumulative increase of number of species found since the start of the surveys in (RED: newly recorded; BLUE: previously recorded) Table 1 shows the distribution of macrofungi in the three habitat types during the last eight seasons. The number of species in Garry oak and Douglas-fir habitats were considerably lower than in the previous three years. This was due to the severe drought that resulted in a short fruiting season in the fall. Habitat type 2005/ / / /9 2009/ / / /13 Garry oak rock outcrops Douglas-fir Western red cedar Table 1. Distribution of macrofungi in the three habitat types during the last eight seasons. There were 45 (11%) species that occurred in all three habitat types, 74 (18%) species that occurred in two habitat types, and 296 (71%) species that occurred only in one habitat type: Number of habitats 2005/ / / / / / / /13 One habitat type Two habitat types All three habitat types Total Table 2. Number of species that occurred in a single habitat and in two or all three habitat types. 9

11 Number of Habitats 2005/ / / / / / / /13 One habitat type 57% 56% 47% 63% 60% 62% 65% 71% Two habitat types 23% 26% 28% 23% 21% 22% 23% 18% All three habitat types 20% 18% 25% 14% 19% 16% 12% 11% Table 3. Percentage of species that occurred in a single habitat and in two or all three habitat types. The majority of the species found since 2004 were those species that have been found only in one season (Figure 4).This distribution follows the pattern described by Kendrick (2005) in other macrofungal collecting events. Figure 4. Number of species found in one, two, three, four, etc. years, and every year. In the first year of the survey, the 2004/2005 season, the survey started too late and the data could serve only as a preliminary list. Since the 2005/2006 season, the Observatory Hill survey has yielded, on average, a total of 306 to 579 species per season. Mycorrhizal species formed a smaller portion (17 35%) of the total number of species (see Figures 5 & 6). 10

12 Figure 5. Number of species found in each collecting season. (RED: non-mycorrhizal species, BLUE: mycorrhizal species) Figure 6. Percentage of mycorrhizal species found in each collecting season. Progress in the study of the ectomycorrhizal species is constantly increasing our knowledge of what species of fungi are observed to be associated with plants, mostly trees. This is done either by studying root-tip morphology, or by root-tip molecular identification using DNA sequencing. The research in this field is still far from complete. On the basis of a recent article on ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity (Comandini et al. 2012), I applied new evidence on ectomycorrhizal fungi to our data and the results are shown in Figure 5 & 6. 11

13 Based on the list in Comandini et al. (2012), I adjusted all the data since the start of the project in The major changes from previous lists result in the addition of several ascomycete genera, such a false morels, Peziza, etc., a few genera of resupinate fungi, such as Tomentella, and a few others. When I updated the counts, it changed the percentage of ectomycorrhizal fungi on Observatory Hill to about 17 to 35 % (from 14 to 27% before). Figure 6 also clearly shows the effect of etreme 2006 drought when the ectomycorrhizal species of fungi were at their lowest. Genus 2005/ / / / / / / /13 (M= mycorrhizal) Clitocybe Cortinarius M Galerina Hebeloma M Inocybe M Lactarius M Lepiota Mycena Nolanea Psathyrella Russula M Tricholoma M Table 4. Number of species in the most common mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal genera in seasons 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2008/09, 2009/2010, 2010/2012, and 2012/

14 Figure 7. Number of species in the most species-rich non-mycorrhizal genera in eight collecting seasons. (We omit the data of the 2004/2005 season because its survey started too late.) Figure 8. Number of species in the most species-rich mycorrhizal genera in eight collecting seasons. (We omit the data of the 2004/2005 season because its survey started too late.) 13

15 New species for science that were collected on Observatory Hill during this survey Cortinarius parkeri Figure 9. Cortinarius parkeri I collected this Cortinarius in 2006 and 2007 in the forest on the southern slope above the former care-taker s house. I originally identified it as Cortinarius subannulatus, a European species. Prof. J. Ammirati had several collections of this Cortinarius from different sites from Washington State. He studied our collections from Observatory Hill and from two other sites on southern Vancouver Island. Based on those specimens and other specimens collected in the state of Washington, Prof. Ammirati described a new species, Cortinarius parkeri (Ammirati et al. 2012). I became one of the co-authors, both of the article and the species. On April 14, 2012, Cortinarius parkeri appeared again, for the first time since 2007, this time in the forest on the ridge behind the smaller dome. Inocybe chondroderma Inocybe chondroderma is a species that was just recently described (Matheny et al. 2013). This species appears to be relatively common in the coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest. The genus Inocybe is a large genus that is difficult to identify. At the same time it is an important mycorrhizal genus in our dried Douglas-fir forests. Since about 2000 I have made many collections of this genus and donated almost 1,300 specimens to the University of British Columbia herbarium. Among this material, there were many collections of Inocybe from Observatory Hill. In 2010, Dr. Mary Berbee, the UBC mycologist, had a graduate student who worked on the DNA sequencing. Over 570 of my collections were sequenced. Based on the UBC DNA sequencing, 5 Observatory Hill specimens (and about 7 of my other collections from southern Vancouver Island) turned out to be this new species. 14

16 Figure 10. Inocybe chondroderma Inocybe chondroderma is the only species of Inocybe in the Pacific Northwest that gives a positive blue turquoise reaction with Ehrlich reagent. This test works most reliably only on fresh sporocarps. DNA sequencing is apparently the only way to identify this species reliably from older specimens, and there might be more collections of this species found among the UBC material that has not been sequenced yet. Several other rare and interesting fungi found in the 2012/2013 survey Truffles So far we don t have true truffles (genus Tuber) on Observatory Hill. In the Victoria area, the true truffle, Tuber gibbosum, was found for the first time last year. True truffles that belong to the ascomycetes are mostly associated with Garry oak and Douglas-fir. Theoretically, they could also occur on Observatory Hill, but we have not found them yet. False truffles, on the other hand, belong to basidiomycetes. Last year we were lucky to find two false truffles on Observatory Hill, i.e., Hysterangium separabile and Hymenogaster subalpinus. All truffles are underground. Some are close to the soil surface and others are deep in the soil. Looking for truffles is quite destructive, since it requires raking of the soil, or the help of especially trained dogs or pigs. During our survey, we found several Rhizopogon species, usually in sandy soil along the paved road. These false truffles are usually buried only partly in the soil and they are easy to spot without digging. In 2011/12 we found another false truffle, Alpova diplophloeus, in the area along the ephemeral creek. This species is associated with alder and it is also only partially buried. 15

17 Figure 11. Alpova diplophloeus Two new species from last year are usually completely covered and they grow right in the interface between the layer of duff and soil and the hard soil underneath. The first species we found was Hysterangium separabile on April 28, 2012, in the area below the road net to the trail. Figure 12. Hysterangium separabile On one spot along the trail, I saw some signs of digging. One small fruiting body was left eposed on the surface. Small rodents and squirrels love all kinds of truffles and are attracted by their strong odour when fully ripe. When we removed some soil around the digging, there was a whole nest of white fruiting bodies of various sizes and various degrees of ripening. Hysterangium separabile is the most common spring false truffle in the Pacific Northwest. 16

18 In May 28, 2012, we found Hymenogaster subalpinus in a small depression on the eastern slope. This area is usually under water in winter. The unpleasantly smelling, white, and soft Figure 13. Hymenogaster subalpinus fruiting bodies were right under a thick layer of leaves. This is also one of the most common winter false truffle species in the Pacific Northwest. Because this particular site is wet and cold for a long time, it was fruiting in the late spring. Deer mushroom Pluteus species Figure 14. Pluteus petasatus Pluteus cervinus is our most common species of deer mushrooms. It grows on decaying wood and appears in spring or in early fall on logs. On June 20, 2012, we came across one single log with four different species of this genus. It is quite unusual that more species would grow on the same log at the same time. All of these species were closely related to the common Pluteus cervinus, but they differ by some microscopic characters. 17

19 Figure 15. Pluteus section Hispidoderma Two of them were new to Observatory Hill: Pluteus petasatus and the other one was yet an undescribed species, so far identified only to the section Hispidoderma by the California Pluteus specialist, Dr. Else Vellinga from UC Berkeley. Galerina veans Figure 16. Galerina veans Genus Galerina is a large genus with many species that cannot be identified without using a microscope. Most of the species are small, rusty brown throughout and they grow in moss or on decaying wood. Galerina veans is a rare species that is an eception in the genus by being canary yellow. On Observatory Hill it came out at the beginning of November 2012 on a patch of Dicranum scoparium moss in open Douglas-fir forest. Psathyrella cernua On January 25, 2013 we found Psathyrella cernua growing on decaying parts of an old maple close to the ephemeral creek. It was on the same tree where we have already collected it in 2005 and We have monitored this particular tree since the year 2005 and it was interesting to see that there was no fruiting of it between the years 2005 and

20 Figure 17. Psathyrella cernua This species is distinct from any other of our species of this large genus by having cystidia incrusted with crystals (see photo). Hymenochaete corrugata and Hymenochaete fuliginosa In January 2013, we collected two interesting fungi that belong to the same genus. They are very inconspicuous, although that they are not too small. Figure 18. Hymenochaete corrugata Hymenochaete corrugata was seen on two separate sites on Observatory Hill. They grew on dead branches of Arbutus menziesii that still hang on the tree. This fungus is grayish-brown and it covers the lower side of the branch almost completely. I found Hymenochaete fuliginosa only by chance when I collected a piece of wood covered with a white resupinate fungus. When I was identifying the white fungus under the microscope, I noticed this particular species that is dark brown. 19

21 Figure 19. Hymenochaete fuliginosa Both of these Hymenochaete species are characterized by numerous dark brown bristles that are easily seen, even with a magnifying lens. These two species can be identified by the shape of the bristles and the thickness of the fruiting body. Marasmiellus vaillantii Figure 20. Marasmiellus vaillantii Since we started the Observatory Hill fungi survey, I have been looking in vain for a small fungus with caps 5-8 mm in diameter that grows on old decaying leaves of slough sedge, Care obnupta. Slough sedge is growing along the ephemeral creek. This fungus requires very damp weather in summer, since it is fragile and dries out easily. In British Columbia it is more common in areas with summer rain. Last year the whole spring and early summer were unusually wet and cloudy, just right conditions for this fungus. It was collected on July 20,

22 Stereum gausapatum This Stereum was growing on a dead tree of Garry oak and it covered its whole base. This fungus is specific to oak (genus Quercus) and that makes it easy to identify. In our area, it is Figure 21. Stereum gausapatum one of the three Stereum species that have specialised hyphae filled with reddish-brown liquid. When the surface of the fruiting body is scratched, it immediately bleeds as these specialized hyphae release their contents (see the upper left-most fruiting body). Lactarius argillaceifolius var. megacarpus Figure 22. Lactarius argillaceifolius var. megacarpus This is a relatively large milky cap - genus Lactarius. Our collection has a cap 7 cm in diameter. It has pale colours and viscid cap and stipe. It grows in California in late fall and winter. Our last winter was very mild and that might have helped this more southern species to produce fruiting body even that far north on February 27,

23 Ramaria rubricarnata var. verna Figure 23. Ramaria rubricarnata var. verna This is a new spring Ramaria for Observatory Hill. On March 3, 2013, we came across a large group of bright yellow-orange Ramaria near a small wetland at the southern boundary. In previous years, we have collected two other spring species of Ramaria: a greyishcoloured Ramaria marrii and a yellow Ramaria rasilispora var. rasilispora. Fungi on bark of living trees In 2011/12 we found several interesting fungi living on bark of Garry oak (Quercus garryana). Last December we found another two species that prefer to grow on bark. One is also growing on Garry oak, the other one on maple (Acer macrophyllum). Both types of bark are thick and remain on trees for many years. The eact place where you can see these two fungi is quite different. Figure 24. Oedohysterium insidens 22

24 Oedohysterium insidens (an ascomycete) is growing right on the surface of the bark, on both Garry oak and maple. The fruiting body is minute, black and thick-walled with only a narrow split protecting the inner part from desiccation. Figure 25. Lasiobelonium corticale (left-fruiting bodies; right-cross-section of a fruiting body ca. 1 mm across) The other species, Lasiobelonium corticale, also an ascomycete, has the reproductive layer open in wet weather, but a dense cover of hairs on the margin of the fruiting body can close over it when the weather is dry. To combat the sudden changes in moist and dry conditions, it grows only in deep crevices of an old maple bark. Update to the 2011/2012 Report Claudopus byssisedus The first fruiting bodies were observed on December 4, and again on December 21, In 2011, the first fruiting bodies appeared on November 15, almost three weeks earlier than in The site looks again almost the same as it did before the destruction of the site by heavy rains in previous years; nevertheless, the number of fruiting bodies is still very low. Tubaria punicea Fruiting bodies of an early stage of development were observed on November 4, 2012 and by November 12 there were several well-developed fruiting bodies. Tubaria punicea was then fruiting through the November, December and January. On January 20, 2013 we observed the last, old, drying fruiting body. In 2011, the first fruiting body was observed in October 25, ten days earlier. It also continued fruiting until January Delayed fall rains were obviously responsible for the late start of fruiting. 23

25 Discussion Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is eceptionally rich in symbiotic relationships. As many as 2000 species may be associated with it throughout its area of distribution (Trappe 1977). Arbutus (Arbutus menziesii) is probably also quite rich in mycorrhizal species, but no etensive studies have been done on it because it has no commercial value as timber. In our area, Garry oak (Quercus garryana) is disappointingly poor in forming symbiotic relationships in comparison with other parts of their area of distribution in Washington, Oregon and California. Lesser components of mied forest on Observatory Hill, such as grand fir (Abies grandis), are also mycorrhizal, but probably less important in terms of their mycorrhizal associations. Western red-cedar (Thuja plicata) and big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) are considered trees without fungal symbiosis and their stands host mostly saprophytic or wood-decaying fungi. On the margin of this forest higher up the slope or directly below the summit of the hill, arbutus (Arbutus menziesii) and Garry oak (Quercus garryana) come into contact with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). This transition is usually the richest in fungal diversity and it hosts many mycorrhizal macrofungi. On Observatory Hill, patches or even small stands of pure Quercus garryana are relatively poor in terms of their fungal component. This is very surprising because oak forests including those of Garry oak are known to be rich in fungi within their area of distribution in Washington, Oregon and California. Mossy open rock outcrops and grassy meadows have specific but not very diverse mycoflora. However, in the year 2010, the unusual weather conditions due to La Niña resulted in the appearance for the first time of some species known to be associated with Garry oak, such as Boletus appendiculatus, Clavariadelphus occidentalis, Cortinarius turmalis, Hygrophorus sordidus, and Russula brunneoviolacea. Various fungal inventory studies demonstrate that there is a relatively small number of common fungi that occur every year (Kendrick 2005). The majority of fungi are uncommon or rare, and they occur only in some years. In order to get a better picture of the biodiversity of fungi, it is necessary to conduct long-term studies wherein the same area is visited and fungi identified for many years. Some studies of this kind have already been done and species of fungi were collected that had not been seen for decades. The Pseudotsuga menziesii forests of the Washington and Oregon coasts have been studied in recent years (Norvell & Eeter 2004), but it is difficult to compare them with our drier version of Pseudotsuga menziesii forests that are usually mied with Arbutus menziesii and Quercus garryana. The most species-rich genera of fungi there are Cortinarius, Inocybe and Russula. Unfortunately, the species belonging to these genera are difficult to identify. Determining the overall frequency or rarity of encountered species on Southern Vancouver Island is very difficult. To our knowledge, no inventory of mycoflora has been done for dry Douglas-fir/Arbutus forests. Pamela Janszen of Saturna Island compiled a macrofungi inventory of Saturna Island Ecological Reserve for the Friends of Ecological Reserves, and she also made an inventory of Winter Cove Park (Saturna Island) for British Columbia Parks. 24

26 Both inventories were done from August 30, 1997, to January 29, In 30 visits to the Ecological Reserve and 22 trips to the Winter Cove Park, she identified 200 and 117 species of macrofungi, respectively. Dr. Ian Gibson, a member of the South Vancouver Island Mycological Society (SVIMS), keeps a list of species known from Southern Vancouver Island. It is based on herbarium collections housed in the Pacific Forestry Centre on Burnside Rd. in Victoria, in herbarium collections at UBC, and in various personal collections. It also incorporates material seen on annual mushroom shows organized by SVIMS in Victoria and various SVIMS forays. This list also indicates which species are abundant (a), common (c), uncommon (u), and rare (r). Gibson s list is a work in progress, and it is far from being complete. Our list of species from Observatory Hill has the rare species (as defined by the SVIMS lists) marked with a single asterisk. Out of these, the species marked with two asterisks are those species which are, indeed, very rare or which have not been seen before in our area. Long-term surveys are needed in order to obtain a complete list of macrofungi from a given area. Previous studies showed that the surveys for macrofungi could yield new species even after decades of surveying. In our Clayoquot Sound study (Roberts et. al. 2004) we were finding about the same number of new, previously-not-encountered species every year of our survey. This indicates that long-term surveys are needed in order to obtain a good picture of the mycoflora of any area of interest. Some ramifications of this study My mycofloristic inventory of Observatory Hill got some public eposure when GOERT made the 2009/2010 report available to the public on their web site: As an eample, the Matheny et al paper (I am a co-author) and my Observatory Hill reports triggered a strong interest among Californian mycologists. They started to look for Tubaria punicea and found about ten new sites for this fungus, of which only one site was previously known from California. A new distribution map of Tubaria punicea has been generated from the data in the Mushroom Observer web site: 25

27 Our find of Squamanita paradoa was reported in the Times-Colonist on December 30, 2009, and in several other newspapers in western Canada. It was noticed by mycologists in both North America and Europe. Our field photo of Squamanita paradoa appeared in Matheny, P.B. & G.W. Griffith Mycoparasitism between Squamanita paradoa and Cystoderma amianthinum (Cystodermateae, Agaricales). Mycoscience 51: In July 2008, I provided Dr. Mary Berbee (UBC) with about 200 specimens of the genus Cortinarius for the DNA study she is conducting in cooperation with Dr. Joe Ammirati (University of Washington, Seattle). In July 2009, I donated to the UBC herbarium another 100 specimens of the genus Cortinarius for their DNA study. In summer 2010, I donated 250 specimens of Cortinarius and Inocybe to the University of British Columbia herbarium and again over 600 specimens in About 30% of these specimens came from our Observatory Hill project. In fact, repeated collections of one species from Observatory Hill revealed some interesting peculiarities that would have gone undetected with just a single sample. Preliminary results of this Cortinarius study suggest that in my collections from Observatory Hill there is at least one new, as yet, undescribed, Cortinarius species, in addition to Cortinarius parkeri Ammirati, Seidl & Ceska which has been published in the journal Botany: Joseph F. Ammirati, Tess E. Barlow, Michelle T. Seidl, Oldriska Ceska, Mary Berbee, Emma Harrower & Kare Liimatainen Cortinarius parkeri, a new species from the Pacific Northwest of North America. Botany 90(4): Emma Harrower, a UBC graduate student, who worked with Dr. Mary Berbee on the DNA screening and taonomy of the genus Cortinarius in British Columbia collections, finished her Cortinarius study and the results were published in the journal Botany: Emma Harrower, Joseph F. Ammirati, Adam A. Cappuccino, Oldriska Ceska, J.M. Kranabetter, Paul Kroeger, Seara Lim, Terry Taylor & Mary L. Berbee Cortinarius species diversity in British Columbia and molecular phylogenetic comparison with European specimen sequences. Botany 89(11): The Observatory Hill area has been ideal for following the phenology of Tubaria punicea and Claudopus byssisedus. Indeed, the material of Tubaria punicea from Observatory Hill was crucial to the solution of the taonomic problems of this genus (see Matheny et al. 2007). Acknowledgements I would like to thank Drs. Joe Ammirati (University of Washington), Hans-Otto Baral, Tim Baroni, Mary Berbee (UBC Vancouver), Ian Gibson (South Vancouver Island Mycological Society, Victoria), Jim Ginns (retired from the DAOM herbarium in Ottawa), Brandon Matheny (University of Tennessee), Machiel Noordeloos, Scott Redhead (DAOM herbarium in Ottawa), Christian Schwarz, and Else Vellinga (University of California, Berkeley) for help with identification of several species. Anonymous reviewers from the Mushroom Observer ( ) also helped with identification of Observatory Hill collections. My husband Adolf was my field assistant, photographer and computer operator. 26

28 Thanks are due to Clyde Donnelly and to Kevin Ferris for financial assistance. Thanks are also due to Rebecca Mersereau and the Garry Oak Ecosystem Recovery Team (GOERT) for finding funds for the 2012/2013 survey and taking interest in Garry oak ecosystems on Observatory Hill. I would like to thank Dr. Paul Feldman for his interest and fundraising for the 2012/2013 survey, and for his editorial help with this report. We also thank anonymous donors for financial assistance. References Ammirati, J. F., T.E. Barlow, M.T. Seidl, O. Ceska, M. Berbee, E. Harrower, & K. Liimatainen Cortinarius parkeri, a new species from the Pacific Northwest of North America. Botany 90(4): Arora, D Mushrooms Demystified. Ten Speed Press. Berkeley, California. 959 p. Castellano Michael A., Jane E. Smith, Thom O'Dell, Efren Cázares & Susan Nugent Handbook to strategy 1: Fungal taa in the Northwest Forest Plan. Gen.Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-476. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station. 195 p. Ceska, O A survey of macrofungi, Mill Hill Regional Park: Fall 2004 and winter 2004/2005. Manuscript deposited with the CRD Parks, Victoria. 37 p. Ceska, O. & A. Ceska Distribution of a mushroom Tubaria punicea on southern Vancouver Island. BEN (Botanical Electronic News) May 15, Comandini, O., A.C. Rinaldi, & T.W. Kuyper Measuring and estimating ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity: a continuous challenge. Pp in Pagano, M.C. [editor] Mycorrhiza:Occurrence in Natural and Restored Environments. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, NY. Dobson, F.S. & D.L. Hawksworth The Slapton fungal (including lichen) survey: Inventorying and documenting changes in the Mycota. Field Studies 8: Eeter, R.L., L. Norvell & E. Cázares Ramaria of the Pacific Northwestern United States. USDI BLM/OR/WA/PT-06/ , Salem, Oregon. 157 p. Fries, E.M Systema Orbis Vegetabilis. Vol. 1. Typographia Academica, Lund. Green, R.N. & K. Klinka A Field Guide to Site Identification and Interpretation For the Vancouver Forest Region. Land Management Handbook Number 28. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C. i285 p. Hansen, L. & H. Knudsen [eds.] Nordic Macromycetes. Vol. 1. Ascomycetes. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, Denmark. 309 p. Hawksworth, D.L The magnitude of fungal diversity: the 1.5 million species estimate revisited. Mycological Research 105: Kendrick, B Fungi common, rare and in-between. BEN 347, April 15, Largent, D.L Entolomatoid Fungi of the Western United States and Alaska 27

29 Mad River Press. Eureka California. Matheny, P. B., L.L. Norvell, & E.C. Giles, E. C A common new species of Inocybe in the Pacific Northwest with a diagnostic PDAB reaction. Mycologia 105(2): Matheny, P.B., E.C. Vellinga, N.L. Bougher, O. Ceska, P.-A. Moreau, M.A. Neves, & J.F. Ammirati Taonomy of displaced species of Tubaria. Mycologia 99(4): Norvell, L.L. & R.L. Eeter Ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete diversity in Oregon Coast Range Pseudotsuga menziesii forests Preliminary observations. Pp in Cripps, C.L. Fungi in Forest Ecosystems: Systematics, Diversity, and Ecology. The New York Botanical Garden, Bron, NY. Redhead, S.A Notes on the genus Xeromphalina (Agaricales, Xerulaceae) in Canada: biogeography, nomenclature, taonomy. Canadian Journal of Botany 66: Redhead, S.A A biogeographical overview of the Canadian mushroom flora. Canadian Journal of Botany 67: Roberts, C., O. Ceska, P. Kroeger, & B. Kendrick Macrofungi from si habitats over five years in Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island. Canadian Journal of Botany 82: Straatsma, G., F. Ayer, & S. Egli Species richness, abundance, and phenology of fungal fruit bodies over 21 years in a Swiss forest plot. Mycological Research 105: Trappe, J.M Selection of fungi for ectomycorrhizal inoculation in nurseries. Annual Review of Phytopathology 15: Tylutki, E. E Mushrooms of Idaho and the Pacific Northwest. Discomycetes. University Press of Idaho. Watling, R Assessment of fungal diversity: macromycetes, the problems. Canadian Journal of Botany 73 (Suppl. 1): S515-S

30 Appendi 1: A list of macrofungi on Observatory Hill in the three main habitats Spring 2012 Winter 2012/ found only once found on two visits found more often? - preliminary identification Species Garry oak & outcrops Agaricus hondensis Douglas-fir Agrocybe dura NEW Agrocybe praeco Aleurodiscus aurantius ** Western red cedar Aleurodiscus grantii Aleurodiscus penicillatus * Alnicola alnetorum * NEW Alnicola melinoides Alnicola salicis ** Alnicola suavis ** Amanita gemmata Amanita pantherina Amphinema byssoides Antrodia malicola * Armillaria ostoyae Arrhenia spathulata Ascobolus stercorarius Astraeus hygrometricus * Athelia decipiens NEW Auriscalpium vulgare Basidiodendron eyrei * Bisporella citrina Bisporella subpallida ** Bjerkandera adusta * NEW Botryobasidium candicans Botryobasidium conspersum Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum* Calocera cornea 29

31 Species Garry oak & outcrops Douglas-fir Calocera viscosa Western red cedar Calyptella capula Cantharellula umbonata * Ceriporia purpurea ** Ceriporia reticulata Ceriporiopsis subvermispora Chondrostereum purpureum * Chromosera cyanophylla * Chrysomphalina aurantiaca * Ciboria rufofusca Claudopus byssisedus ** Clavaria tenuipes ** NEW Clavaria vermicularis Clavulina cristata Clavulinopsis laeticolor * Clitocybe dealbata Clitocybe deceptiva * Clitocybe elegantula * Clitocybe harmajae Clitocybe obsoleta * Clitocybe trulliformis Clitocybe trulliformis? ** Clitocybe vibecina * Coccomyces dentatus Coltricia perennis Coniophora puteana ** Conocybe tenera * Coprinellus impatiens ** Coprinellus micaceus Coprinopsis lagopus Cortinarius cinnamomeus Cortinarius idahoensis ** Cortinarius leucopus * Cortinarius parkeri ** Cortinarius sertipes * Cortinarius velenovskyi * Cortinarius vernalis? 30

32 Species Garry oak & outcrops Cortinarius vernus ** Douglas-fir Crepidotus applanatus NEW Crepidotus mollis Crucibulum laeve Cryptoporus volvatus Cudonia circinans ** NEW Cyathus olla * Western red cedar Cylindrobasidium laeve ** Cystoderma amianthinum Cystoderma falla Cystoderma granulosum Cytidia stereoides Dacrymyces capitatus * Dacrymyces ovisporus ** Dacrymyces palmatus Dacrymyces stillatus * Dacryobolus karstenii NEW Deconica montana Dencoeliopsis johnstonii * NEW Dendrothele candida Diatrype stigma NEW Endogone pisiformis * Entoloma hirtum ** NEW Eidia glandulosa * Fomitopsis cajanderi Fomitopsis pinicola Galerina camerina Galerina castaneipes ** Galerina cedretorum var. cedretorum Galerina cerina var. longicystis * Galerina cinnamomea ** Galerina dimorphocystis var. dimorphocystis Galerina evelata var. evelata * Galerina falla f. falla ** Galerina filiformis Galerina heterocystis Galerina jaapii f. jaapii 31

33 Species Garry oak & outcrops Douglas-fir Galerina mammillata * Western red cedar Galerina marginata * Galerina nana * NEW Galerina oregonensis Galerina pumila var. pumila Galerina sideroides * Galerina stylifera var. stylifera** Galerina subfiliformis var. subfiliformis Galerina tundrae * NEW Galerina unicolor * Galerina veans ** NEW Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. bispora Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora * Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. vittiformis * Ganoderma applanatum Ganoderma tsugae Geoglossum umbratile ** Gomphidius glutinosus * Gomphidius oregonensis Gomphidius smithii Gomphidius subroseus Gymnopilus picreus Gymnopilus sapineus & G. penetrans Gymnopus fuscopurpureus * Gyromitra esculenta Hebeloma helodes * NEW Hebeloma lutense * Helvella compressa * Helvella lacunosa Helvella queletii * NEW Helvella villosa ** Hemimycena nebulophila Hemimycena tortuosa ** Hericium erinaceus Heterotetus luteus * Humaria hemisphaerica ** 32

34 Species Garry oak & outcrops Douglas-fir Hyalorbilia inflatula * Western red cedar Hyaloscypha candida * NEW Hyaloscypha vitreola Hydnum umbilicatum Hydropus atramentosus ** NEW Hydropus scabripes ** Hygrocybe miniata Hygrocybe psittacina * Hygrocybe russocoriacea * Hygrocybe singeri ** Hygrophoropsis olida Hygrophorus virgineus var. roseipes * NEW Hymenochaete corrugata * NEW Hymenochaete fuliginosa * NEW Hymenochaete tabacina * Hymenogaster subalpinus * NEW Hymenoscyphus caudatus * Hymenoscyphus imberbis Hyphoderma argillaceum * Hyphoderma setigerum * Hyphodermella corrugata * Hyphodontia alutaria Hyphodontia aspera Hyphodontia crustosa Hyphodontia floccosa Hyphodontia nespori Hyphodontia quercina Hyphodontia sambuci Hyphodontia spathulata NEW Hyphodontia subalutacea * Hypholoma capnoides Hypholoma fasciculare Hypochnicium lundellii NEW Hypocrea moravica * NEW Hypocrea pulvinata ** Hypomyces cervinigenus Hypoylon rubiginosum * 33

35 Species Garry oak & outcrops Douglas-fir Hysterangium separabile * NEW Western red cedar Hysterographium fleuosum NEW Inocybe amblyspora * Inocybe assimilata Inocybe calida ** Inocybe castanea Inocybe chelanensis * NEW Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa ** Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula ** Inocybe geophylla Inocybe inodora ** Inocybe lacera var. helobia * Inocybe lanuginosa Inocybe lilacina Inocybe mitilis * Inocybe praetervisa ** Inocybe pudica * Inocybe pusio ** Inocybe salicis * Inocybe subcarpta ** Ischnoderma benzoinum Jahnoporus hirtus Kuehneromyces vernalis * Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis Laccaria laccata Lachnella alboviolascens ** Lachnellula calyciformis * Lachnellula gallica * Lachnum brevipilosum ** Lachnum fasciculare * Lachnum pudibundum Lachnum virgineum Lactarius argillaceifolius var. megacarpus ** NEW Lactarius occidentalis Lactarius subviscidus * Laeticorticium minnsiae Lanzia luteovirescens ** 34

36 Species Garry oak & outcrops Douglas-fir Lasiobelonium corticale * NEW Western red cedar Lentaria pinicola * Lepiota castanea * Leucopaillus albissimus Lichenomphalia alpina * NEW Lichenomphalia umbellifera Lycoperdon perlatum Lycoperdon pyriforme Macrocystidia cucumis var. latifolia ** Marasmiellus candidus Marasmiellus vaillantii * NEW Marasmius androsaceus * Marasmius plicatulus Melanoleuca humilis Melanoleuca stridula Melanotus horizontalis ** Meruliopsis corium * Micromphale arbuticola Mollisia cinerea Morchella elata Mucronella fusiformis ** Mucronella pendula ** NEW Mucronella pulchra ** Multiclavula mucida * NEW Mycena acicula ** Mycena adonis Mycena albissima * Mycena amicta * Mycena aurantiomarginata Mycena capillaris * Mycena cinerella ** Mycena citrinomarginata * Mycena clavata Mycena corticola ** Mycena delicatella * Mycena elegantula * Mycena epipterygia 35

37 Species Garry oak & outcrops Douglas-fir Mycena filopes Mycena fusco-ocula Mycena galopus Mycena griseoviridis var. cascadensis * NEW Mycena haematopus var. marginata Western red cedar Mycena laevigata NEW Mycena leptocephala Mycena maculata Mycena metata * Mycena olivaceomarginata Mycena parabolica Mycena pura Mycena purpureofusca Mycena rorida Mycena sanguinolenta Mycena speirea Mycena stannea * Mycena subsupina Mycena supina * Mycenella nodulosa ** Nemania aenea var. macrospora * Neodasyscypha cervina * NEW Nidula candida NEW Nitschkia collapsa Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata * Nolanea cetrata f. mediospora Nolanea farinolens * Nolanea fusciceps Nolanea hebes Nolanea hirtipes * Nolanea holoconiota * Nolanea lucida * Nolanea pusillipapillata * Oedohysterium insidens NEW Oidium conspersum * NEW Omphalina obscurata ** Orbilia delicatula ** 36

38 Species Garry oak & outcrops Otidea onotica * Douglas-fir Western red cedar Panaeolina foenisecii * Panaeolus fimicola NEW Panellus longinquus Panellus stipticus ** Peniophora aurantiaca ** Peniophora cinerea * Peniophora decorticans Peniophora incarnata * Peniophora polygonia ** Peniophorella praetermissa Phaeohelotium umbilicatum * Phaeolus schweinitzii Phaeomarasmius rimulincola Phanerochaete sanguinea * Phanerochaete sordida Phellinus ferreus * Phlebia livida ** Phlebia radiata * Phlebia rufa Phlebiella christiansenii Pholiota decorata Pire concentricus * Plectania melastoma * Pleurotus ostreatus Pluteus cervinus Pluteus petasatus * NEW Pluteus podospileus f. minutissimus ** Pluteus pouzarianus ** Pluteus primus * Pluteus romellii Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma NEW Pluteus thomsonii * Polydesmia pruinosa ** Polyporus badius Propolis versicolor * Psathyrella candolleana * 37

39 Species Garry oak & outcrops Douglas-fir Psathyrella cernua Western red cedar Psathyrella delineata NEW Psathyrella longistriata Psathyrella olympiana ** Psathyrella paradoa ** Psathyrella quercicola * NEW Psathyrella sene ** Psathyrella vesiculocystis ** Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Pseudombrophila cervaria Psilocybe inquilina * Psilocybe phyllogena ** Radulomyces confluens Ramaria marrii ** Ramaria myceliosa ** Ramaria rubricarnata var. verna * NEW Ramaricium flavomarginatum Ramariopsis kunzei * NEW Resupinatus applicatus ** Rhizopogon ellenae ** Rhizopogon vinicolor * Rhodocollybia butyracea Rhodocollybia maculata Rhodocybe aureicystidiata ** Rhodocybe nitellina * Rhodocybe roseiavellanea * Rhytisma punctatum Rickenella fibula Rickenella swartzii Russula raoultii Rutstroemia sydowiana NEW Sarcomya serotina Sarcosphaera coronaria Schizopora paradoa Scleroderma cepa Scutellinia scutellata Simocybe rubi ** 38

40 Species Garry oak & outcrops Douglas-fir Simocybe sumptuosa ** Western red cedar Skeletocutis alutacea Sphaerobolus stellatus * Steccherinum ochraceum * Steccherinum oreophilum * Stereum gausapatum * NEW Stereum hirsutum Stereum ochraceoflavum * Stereum sanguinolentum * Stictis radiata * Stilbella fimetaria NEW Strobilurus albipilatus Strobilurus trullisatus Stropharia ambigua Suillus caerulescens Suillus lakei Tapesia fusca Tapinella panuoides Tarzetta cupularis * NEW Tephrocybe oldae ** Tephrocybe platypus * Tetrapyrgos subdendrophora ** Tomentella calcicola NEW Trametes versicolor Trechispora microspora Tremella encephala * Tremella foliacea Tremellodendropsis tuberosa * Tremiscus helvelloides * Trichaptum abietinum Tricholoma pardinum Tricholoma scalpturatum ** Tricholoma sulphureum Tubaria conspersa Tubaria furfuracea * Tubaria hiemalis * Tubaria punicea ** 39

41 Species Garry oak & outcrops Tubulicrinis glebulosus * Douglas-fir Tubulicrinis subulatus Typhula erythropus ** Tyromyces caesius Tyromyces chioneus Tyromyces fragilis Tyromyces mollis* Uknown blue agaric ** Western red cedar Unguiculella sp. * Velutarina rufo-olivacea Vuilleminia cystidiata * NEW Xenasma praeteritum NEW Xenasma tulasnelloideum Xeromphalina campanella Xeromphalina cornui ** Xeromphalina fulvipes Xylaria hypoylon Xylaria sp. NEW 40

42 Appendi 2: Cumulative list of species from the last nine surveys (2004/05, 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2008/09, 2009/10, 2010/2011, 2011/12 & 2012/13) Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Acanthophysellum lividocoeruleum ** Agaricus arvensis 2004/ / / / / / / / 12 Agaricus diminutivus Agaricus hondensis Agaricus micromegathus Agaricus niveolutescens * Agaricus praeclaresquamosus Agaricus silvicola Agrocybe dura Agrocybe erebia * Agrocybe praeco Agrocybe semiorbicularis Alboleptonia ochracea * Albotricha laetior Albotricha washingtonensis Aleurocystidiellum subcruentatum ** Aleurodiscus aurantius ** Aleurodiscus grantii Aleurodiscus penicillatus * Alnicola alnetorum * Alnicola bohemica * Alnicola melinoides Alnicola salicis ** Alnicola suavis ** Alpova diplophloeus Amanita brunnescens * Amanita gemmata Amanita muscaria Amanita muscaria yellow form Amanita pachycolea* Amanita pantherina 2012/ 13 Amanita porphyria 41

43 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Amanita silvicola 2004/ / / / / / / 11 Amphinema byssoides Antrodia carbonica * 2011/ / 13 Antrodia malicola * Antrodia serialis Antrodiella semisupina * Antrodiella sp. Armillaria gallica? Armillaria ostoyae Armillaria sinapina Arrhenia spathulata Ascobolus stercorarius Ascocoryne cylichnium ** Astraeus hygrometricus * Athelia bombacina Athelia decipiens Athelia fibulata * Athelia neuhoffii Athelidium sp. * Auriscalpium vulgare Baeospora myosura Basidiodendron caesiocinereum Basidiodendron eyrei * Basidiodendron rimosum * Bisporella citrina Bisporella subpallida ** Bisporella sulfurina * Bjerkandera adusta * Bolbitius variicolor Bolbitius vitellinus Boletus appendiculatus ** Boletus truncatus Boletus zelleri Bondarzewia montana Botryobasidium candicans Botryobasidium conspersum Botryobasidium obtusisporum * 42

44 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Botryobasidium subcoronatum * 2004/ / / / / / 11 Bovista plumbea Bulgariella pulla Byssonectria fusispora ** Callorina fusarioides Calocybe chrysenteron ** Calonectria pyrochroa Caloscypha fulgens ** Calycellina punctiformis Calyptella capula Cantharellula umbonata * Cantharellus formosus Ceriporia purpurea ** Ceriporia reticulata Ceriporiopsis subvermispora Chalciporus piperatoides * Chlorophyllum rachodes Chromosera cyanophylla * Chrysomphalina aurantiaca * Chrysomphalina chrysophylla Ciboria rufofusca Ciboria sp. ** Cinereomyces lindbladii * Claussenomyces atrovirens * Clavaria tenuipes ** Clavariadelphus occidentalis * Clavariadelphus truncatus Chondrostereum purpureum * Clavaria vermicularis Chalciporus piperatus Claudopus byssisedus ** Calocera cornea Chlorociboria aeruginascens 2012/ 13 Bovista colorata ** Calocera viscosa 2011/ 12 Botryohypochnus isabellinus Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum* 2009/ 10 43

45 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Clavulina cinerea * 2004/ / 06 Clavulina cristata Clavulina rugosa * Clavulinopsis corniculata ** 2006/ / / / / 11 Clavulinopsis fusiformis * Clavulinopsis laeticolor * 2012/ 13 Clavulinopsis subtilis * Clitocybe cacabus? Clitocybe candicans Clitocybe cerussata ** Clitocybe clavipes Clitocybe dealbata Clitocybe deceptiva * Clitocybe elegantula * Clitocybe foetens Clitocybe gigantea ** Clitocybe harmajae Clitocybe incarnata Clitocybe nebularis * Clitocybe obsoleta * Clitocybe ornamentalis ** Clitocybe radicellata * Clitocybe brumalis Clitocybe 'georgina' ** Clavulinopsis umbrinella ** Clitocybe alnetorum? ** 2011/ 12 Clitocybe sclerotoidea ** Clitocybe subclavipes? * Clitocybe subditopoda? * Clitocybe tenuissima * Clitocybe trulliformis Clitocybe trulliformis? ** Clitocybe umbilicata * Clitocybe vibecina * Clitocybe vibecina? ** Clitopilus prunulus Coccomyces arbutifolius 44

46 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Coccomyces dentatus 2004/ 05 Coltricia cinnamomea Coltricia perennis 2005/ / / / / / / / 13 Coniophora arida ** Coniophora puteana ** Conocybe appendiculata ** Conocybe brunneola ** Conocybe dumetorum ** Conocybe filaris Conocybe pilosella ** Conocybe pseudopilosella * Conocybe siennophylla ** Conocybe tenera * Coprinellus disseminatus Coprinellus heptemerus * Coprinellus impatiens ** Coprinellus micaceus Coprinellus anthothri ** Coprinopsis friesii Coprinopsis gonophylla ** Coprinopsis stercorea * Coprinpsis nivea ** Coprinus giganteosporus * Coprinus silvaticus * Cordyceps militaris ** Cortinarius acutus Cortinarius atrovirens Cortinarius badius Cortinarius biformis Cortinarius caerulescens ** Cortinarius californicus Cortinarius casimiri Cortinarius ceraceus Cortinarius cinnamomeus Conocybe rickeniana ** Coprinopsis lagopus Cortinarius croceus * 45

47 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Cortinarius delibutus 2004/ / / / / / / / 12 Cortinarius duracinus Cortinarius elotus Cortinarius epipoleus Cortinarius evernius Cortinarius fasciatus Cortinarius fleipes Cortinarius fulmineus ** Cortinarius fulvescens Cortinarius glaucopus Cortinarius helobius Cortinarius hinnuleus Cortinarius idahoensis ** Cortinarius infractus Cortinarius leucopus * Cortinarius lucorum Cortinarius olearioides Cortinarius olivaceopictus ** Cortinarius parevernius Cortinarius parkeri ** Cortinarius phoeniceus Cortinarius pulchripes? Cortinarius rigens Cortinarius sanguineus nom.prov. ** Cortinarius saturninus ** Cortinarius scandens Cortinarius semisanguineus Cortinarius sertipes * Cortinarius sp. #2 Cortinarius sp. * small the same as Jocelyn Hill with boletoid spores Cortinarius sp. subgen. Phlegmacium Cortinarius spp., subgen. Telamonia Cortinarius subbalaustinus * Cortinarius obtusus Cortinarius sp. #1 2012/ 13 Cortinarius suillus 46

48 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Cortinarius turmalis 2004/ / / / / / / 11 Cortinarius velenovskyi * Cortinarius venetus var. venetus * Cortinarius vernalis? Cortinarius vernus? (big one red stipe base in UV) Cortinarius vibratilis Cortinarius zakii ** Craterellus tubaeformis Crepidotus applanatus Crepidotus epibryus Crepidotus subverrucisporus ** Crepidotus variabilis * Crepidotus lundellii * 2012/ 13 Cortinarius variicolor ** Cortinarius vernus ** 2011/ 12 Crepidotus mollis Crepidotus versutus ** Cristinia helvetica * Crocicreas cyathoideum * Crucibulum laeve Cryptoporus volvatus Cucurbitaria berberidis Cucurbitaria spartii Cudonia circinans * Cudoniella clavus * Cyathus olla * Cylindrobasidium laeve ** Cystoderma amianthinum Cystoderma falla Cystoderma granulosum Cystolepiota seminuda Cytidia stereoides Dacrymyces capitatus * Dacrymyces ovisporus ** Dacrymyces palmatus Dacrymyces stillatus * Dacrymyces variisporus * 47

49 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Dacryobolus karstenii 2004/ / / / / / / 11 Dasyscyphella montana Dematioscypha dematiicola Dendrothele candida Dendrothele incrustans Dermoloma cuneifolium ** Dermoloma pseudocuneifolium * Diatrype albopruinosa Diatrype disciformis Diatrype stigma Dichostereum granulosum Discina perlata Discinella boudieri * Durella connivens * Durella melanochlora Durella sp. * Endogone pisiformis * Entoloma hirtum ** Entoloma rhodopolium ** Entoloma rhodopolium f.9278 ** Eidia glandulosa * Eidia nucleata ** Fayodia leucophylla Fayodia pseudoclusilis * Dencoeliopsis johnstonii * Entoloma lignicola ** 2012/ 13 Dacryobolus sudans * Deconica montana 2011/ 12 Fayodia sp. Flammulaster carpophilus var. subincarnatus ** Flammulaster granulosus ** Flammulina velutipes Fomes fomentarius Fomitopsis cajanderi Fomitopsis pinicola Galerina atkinsoniana var. atkinsoniana * Galerina badipes * 48

50 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Galerina camerina 2004/ / / 07 Galerina castaneipes ** 2007/ / 09 Galerina cedretorum var. cedretorum Galerina cedretorum var. filiformis Galerina cerina var. longicystis * Galerina cinnamomea ** 2010/ / 12 Galerina cedretorum var. bispora 2009/ / 13 Galerina cuspidata Galerina dimorphocystis var. dimorphocystis Galerina evelata var. evelata * Galerina falla f. falla ** Galerina fibrillosa ** Galerina filiformis Galerina fontinalis Galerina heterocystis Galerina jaapii f. jaapii Galerina jaapii f. mammillata Galerina laticeps * Galerina mammillata * Galerina marginata * Galerina minima * Galerina nigripes * Galerina oregonensis Galerina permita Galerina pruinatipes var. pruinatipes Galerina pumila var. pumila Galerina rostrata Galerina sp. Galerina stylifera var. stylifera** Galerina subbadia * Galerina perplea Galerina sideroides * Galerina nana * Galerina pruinatipes var. fulvipes* Galerina lubrica * Galerina mniophila * 49

51 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Galerina subcerina 2004/ / / / / / 11 Galerina subfiliformis var. subfiliformis Galerina tundrae * Galerina unicolor * 2005/ / 12 Ganoderma tsugae Geoglossum glutinosum ** Geoglossum umbratile ** Geopyis vulcanalis Gloeocystidiellum furfuraceum Gloeocystidiellum karstenii Gloeophyllum sepiarium Gnomonia cerastis Gomphidius glutinosus * Galerina veans** Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. bispora Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. tetraspora * Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora * Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. vittiformis * Ganoderma applanatum 2012/ 13 Gomphidius oregonensis Gomphidius smithii Gomphidius subroseus Gomphus floccosus Gomphus kauffmanii ** Gymnopilus bellulus * Gymnopilus luteofolius ** Gymnopilus picreus Gymnopilus sapineus & G. penetrans Gymnopus alcalivirens * Gymnopus biformis ** Gymnopus confluens Gymnopus dryophilus * Gymnopus earleae * Gymnopus erythropus ** Gymnopus fuscopurpureus * 50

52 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Gymnopus luurians * Gymnopus ocior? * 2004/ / / / / / / 11 Gymnopus putillus * Gymnopus subnudus Gymnopus subsulphureus * Gyromitra esculenta Gyromitra infula Gyroporus castaneus * Hapalopilus salmonicolor ** Haplotrichum conspersum? ** Hebeloma birrus Hebeloma helodes * Hebeloma incarnatulum Hebeloma lutense * Hebeloma mesophaeum Hebeloma populinum Hebeloma praeolidum Hebeloma pusillum Hebeloma sacchariolens Hebeloma sinapizans? ** Hebeloma velutipes * Helicobasidium corticioides * Helvella acetabulum * Helvella elastica Helvella lacunosa Helvella maculata * Helvella queletii * Helvella villosa ** Hemimycena crispata * Hemimycena cucullata * Hebeloma sinapizans ** Helvella compressa * Hebeloma fragilipes Hebeloma hiemale * 2012/ 13 Gymnopus peronatus Hebeloma crustuliniforme 2011/ 12 Hemimycena hirsuta * 51

53 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Hemimycena ignobilis * 2004/ / / / / / / / 13 Hemimycena nebulophila Hemimycena pithya Hemimycena pseudocrispula * Hemimycena subimmaculata * Hemimycena tortuosa ** Hemistropharia albocrenulata ** Henningsomyces candidus * Hericium erinaceus Heterobasidion annosum Heterotetus alpinus 2010/ 11 Heterotetus luteus * Hohenbuehelia petaloides Humaria hemisphaerica ** Hyalorbilia inflatula * Hyaloscypha albohyalina var. albohyalina Hyaloscypha britannica * Hyaloscypha candida * Hyaloscypha daedaleae Hyaloscypha fuckelii Hyaloscypha herbarum Hyaloscypha quercicola Hyaloscypha vitreola Hydnellum aurantiacum Hydnellum caeruleum Hydnum repandum Hydnum umbilicatum Hydropus atramentosus ** Hydropus scabripes ** Hygrocybe conica Hygrocybe miniata Hygrocybe minutula * Hygrocybe parvula ** Hygrocybe persistens ** Hygrocybe pratensis * Hygrocybe psittacina * Hygrocybe punicea 52

54 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Hygrocybe quieta 2004/ / / / / / / / / 13 Hygrocybe russocoriacea * Hygrocybe singeri ** Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca Hygrophoropsis olida Hygrophorus agathosmus Hygrophorus chrysodon Hygrophorus eburneus Hygrophorus occidentalis * Hygrophorus piceae Hygrophorus pusillus * Hygrophorus sordidus * Hygrophorus virgineus var. roseipes * Hymenochaete corrugate * Hymenochaete fuliginosa * Hymenochaete rubiginosa * Hymenochaete tabacina * Hymenogaster subalpinus * Hymenoscyphus caudatus * Hymenoscyphus fructigenus * Hymenoscyphus herbarum Hymenoscyphus imberbis Hymenoscyphus phyllogenus Hymenoscyphus salicellus ** Hymenoscyphus scutula * Hymenoscyphus sp. * Hymenoscyphus subtilis * Hymenoscyphus virgultorum ** Hyphoderma amoenum Hyphoderma argillaceum * Hyphoderma cremeoalbum Hyphoderma mutatum Hyphoderma roseocremeum Hyphoderma setigerum * Hyphodermella corrugata * Hyphodontia alutaria Hyphodontia arguta 53

55 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Hyphodontia aspera 2004/ / / / / 09 Hyphodontia breviseta 2009/ 10 Hyphodontia cineracea * 2010/ / / 13 Hyphodontia crustosa Hyphodontia nespori Hyphodontia quercina Hyphodontia floccosa Hyphodontia sambuci Hyphodontia sp. * Hyphodontia spathulata Hyphodontia subalutacea * Hypholoma capnoides Hypholoma radicosum Hypochnicium geogenium Hypholoma fasciculare Hypochnicium lundellii Hypochnicium punctulatum Hypocrea aureoviridis * Hypocrea gelatinosa ** Hypocrea moravica * Hypocrea pulvinata ** Hypocrea rufa Hypocrea sp. ** Hypomyces cervinigenus Hypomyces lactifluorum Hypoylon rubiginosum * Hysterangium separabile * Hysterographium fleuosum Hysterographium fraini * Inocephalus cystomarginatus ** Inocephalus furfuraceodiscus ** Inocephalus minutopilus ** Inocephalus rhombisporus ** Inocybe abjecta Inocybe agglutinata ** 54 Inocybe amblyspora * Inocybe assimilata

56 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Inocybe auricoma 2004/ / / / / / / / 12 Inocybe calamistrata Inocybe calida ** Inocybe castanea Inocybe cincinnata var. major ** Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa ** Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula ** Inocybe fuscodisca * Inocybe geophylla Inocybe griseolilacina * Inocybe hirtella?** Inocybe hotsoniana Inocybe inodora ** Inocybe lanuginosa Inocybe leiocephala ** Inocybe lacera var. helobia * Inocybe jacobi ** Inocybe glabrodisca ** Inocybe glabrescens ** Inocybe grammata * Inocybe dulcamara * Inocybe lacera var. lacera * Inocybe curvipes Inocybe kauffmanii ** Inocybe chelanensis * Inocybe cinnamomea * 2012/ 13 Inocybe lilacina Inocybe mitilis * Inocybe nitidiuscula * Inocybe olympiana? Inocybe perbrevis Inocybe phaeodisca var. geophylloides * Inocybe phaeodisca var. phaeodisca * Inocybe posterula Inocybe praetervisa ** Inocybe pseudodestricta ** 55

57 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Inocybe pudica * 2004/ / / / / / / / / 13 Inocybe pusio ** Inocybe rennyi Inocybe rimosa var. rimosa ** Inocybe salicis * Inocybe sindonia ** Inocybe soluta Inocybe sororia Inocybe splendens var. phaeoleuca * Inocybe stellatospora ** Inocybe subcarpta ** Inocybe terrigena ** Inocybe anthomelas ** Ischnoderma benzoinum Kuehneromyces vernalis * Laccaria bicolor Laccaria laccata Laccaria tetraspora * Lachnella alboviolascens ** Lachnellula calyciformis * Lachnellula gallica * Lachnellula occidentalis * Lachnum brevipilosum ** Lachnum fasciculare * Lachnum impudicum * Lachnum pudibundum Lachnum pygmaeum Lachnum rhytismatis Lactarius argillaceifolius var. megacarpus ** Lactarius fragilis Lachnellula subtillissima Lachnum virgineum Irpe lacteus * Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis Inonotus tomentosus Jahnoporus hirtus Lactarius hepaticus 56

58 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Lactarius kauffmanii Lactarius luculentus * 2004/ / / / / / 12 Lactarius subflammeus Laeticorticium minnsiae Laetiporus conifericola Lanzia luteovirescens ** Lasiobelonium barbatum Lasiobelonium corticale * Lasiobelonium relicinum Lasiobelonium variegatum Lasiobolus cuniculi Lasiosphaeria ovina Leccinum manzanitae Lentaria pinicola * Lentinellus flabelliformis * Lentinellus omphalodes * Lepiota boudieri ** Lepiota carinii ** Lepiota clypeolaria * Lepiota clypeolarioides * Lepiota cristata Lepiota griseovirens * Lepiota josserandii Lenzites betulina Lepiota ignipes ** Lactarius uvidus Lepiota castanea * 2012/ 13 Lactarius pseudomucidus Lactarius subviscidus * 2010/ 11 Lactarius occidentalis Lactarius rubrilacteus 2009/ 10 Lepiota pallida * Lepiota pseudoasperula ** Lepiota pseudofelina ** Lepiota rubrotincta ** Lepiota sp. Echinatae No. 1** Lepiota sp. Echinatae No. 2 ** 57

59 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Lepiota subincarnata * 2004/ / / / / / 11 Lepista inversa Lepista nuda Leptonia badissima ** Leptonia convea var. badiodorsa ** Leptonia diversa * Leptonia earlei ** Leptonia ealbida Leptonia formosa var. formosa * Leptonia separata * Leptonia serrulata * Leptonia sp. Leptonia strictipes * Leptonia turci * Leptonia yatesii ** Leptosphaeria acuta * Leucoagaricus naucinus Leucopaillus albissimus Leucopaillus septentrionalis ** Lichenomphalia alpina * Lichenomphalia umbellifera Limacella delicata var. glioderma ** Limacella illinita ** Lycoperdon foetidum * Lycoperdon perlatum Lycoperdon pusillum ** Lycoperdon pyriforme Lyophyllum decastes Lyophyllum sp. Macrocystidia cucumis var. latifolia ** Limacella ochraceolutea ** Lyophyllum semitale 2012/ 13 Lepista densifolia * Leucopaillus amarus 2011/ 12 Lepiota tomentella ** Lepiota ventriosospora 2008/ 09 58

60 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Marasmiellus candidus 2004/ / / / / / / / / 13 Marasmiellus pluvius ** Marasmiellus ramealis ** Marasmiellus vaillantii * Marasmius androsaceus * Marasmius chordalis ** Marasmius pallidocephalus? Marasmius salalis Marasmius scorodonius ** Melanoleuca cognata ** Melanoleuca humilis Melanophyllum echinatum ** Melanotus horizontalis ** Meruliopsis corium * Microglossum olivaceum ** Micromphale arbuticola Micromphale foetidum Micromphale perforans * Mollisia cinerea Mollisia discolor * Mollisia lividofusca * Mollisia sp. ** Mollisia ventosa * Morchella elata Mucronella bresadolae ** Mucronella fusiformis ** Mucronella pendula * Mucronella pulchra ** Multiclavula mucida * Mycena abramsii * Mycena acicula ** Mycena adonis Melanoleuca alboflavida? ** Melanoleuca stridula Marasmius limosus Marasmius plicatulus Mycena adscendens ** 59

61 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Mycena albissima * 2004/ 05 Mycena albogrisea 2005/ / / / / 11 Mycena alcaliniformis? * Mycena algeriensis ** Mycena amicta * Mycena atroalboides Mycena aurantiidisca Mycena aurantiomarginata Mycena cineraria ** Mycena cinerella ** Mycena capillaris * Mycena clavicularis ** Mycena corticaticeps ** Mycena clavata Mycena corticola ** Mycena corynephora ** Mycena delectabilis? * Mycena delicatella * 2012/ 13 Mycena capillaripes * Mycena debilis * 2011/ 12 Mycena alcalina Mycena citrinomarginata * 2009/ 10 Mycena elegans * Mycena elegantula * Mycena epipterygia Mycena ecisa* Mycena filopes Mycena flavescens * Mycena flavoalba Mycena fragillima * Mycena fuliginella * Mycena fusco-ocula Mycena galericulata Mycena galopus Mycena griseoviridis var. cascadensis * Mycena gypsea * Mycena haematopus var. marginata 60

62 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Mycena hiemalis * 2004/ / / 07 Mycena inclinata * Mycena kauffmaniana ** 2007/ / / / / 12 Mycena laevigata Mycena leptocephala Mycena longipes ** Mycena longiseta ** Mycena olivaceomarginata Mycena oregonensis ** Mycena paucilamellata Mycena pseudocorticola Mycena pura Mycena pusilla ** Mycena rorida Mycena roseipallens ** Mycena rugulosiceps Mycena rutilantiformis ** Mycena sanguinolenta Mycena stannea * Mycena subcana Mycena subcucullata Mycena subplicosa * Mycena subsupina Mycena supina * Mycena tenella Mycena ulmicola Mycena vitilis * Mycena minutissima * Mycena speirea Mycena metata * Mycena purpureofusca Mycena magna ** Mycena parabolica Mycena luteopallens Mycena maculata 2012/ 13 Mycenella nodulosa ** Mycoacia fuscoatra * 61

63 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Mycoacia uda ** 2004/ / / / / / 10 Nectria cinnabarina Nectria fuckeliana var. macrospora ** Nemania aenea var. macrospora 2010/ / 12 Neodasyscypha cervina * Neonectria coccinea Neournula pouchetii ** Nidula candida Nidula niveotomentosa * Nitschkia collapsa Nitschkia convertula Nitschkia grevillei Nolanea bicoloriceps ** Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata * Nolanea cetrata f. mediospora Nolanea farinolens * Nolanea fructifragrans ** Nolanea fusciceps Nolanea holoconiota * Nolanea obscurata * Nolanea pseudostrictia * Nolanea pusillipapillata * Nolanea sericea * Nolanea sp. Nolanea staurospora var. incrustata f. incrustata ** Nolanea subsolstitialis * Nolanea substrictia * Oidium conspersum * Omphalina discorosea ** Nolanea latifolia Nolanea verna var. isodiametrica ** Oedohysterium insidens Nolanea hebes Nolanea lucida * Nolanea hirtipes * 2012/ 13 Omphalina epichysium * 62

64 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Omphalina obscurata ** Omphalina pyidata ** 2004/ / / / / / / / / 13 Omphalina rickenii Omphalina rivulicola Omphalina sp. Omphalina velutipes Omphalina velutipes? Orbilia delicatula ** Orbilia luteorubella * Orbilia anthostigma * Ossicaulis lignatilis ** Otidea alutacea * Otidea onotica * Otidea smithii ** Panaeolina foenisecii * Panaeolus cinctulus ** Panaeolus fimicola Panellus longinquus Panellus mitis ** Panellus stipticus ** Paraeccilia minutissima * Paraeccilia sericeonitida ** Parasola kuehneri? Paullicorticium niveocremeum Peniophora aurantiaca ** Peniophora cinerea * Peniophora decorticans Peniophora incarnata * Peniophora polygonia ** Peniophora septentrionalis * Peniophora violaceolivida Peniophorella praetermissa Peniophorella pubera Penniporia sp. Perenniporia subacida Peziza brunneoatra * Peziza repanda ** 63

65 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Pezizella alniella 2004/ / / / / / / / 12 Phaeohelotium etumescens ** Phaeohelotium subcarneum * Phaeohelotium umbilicatum * Phaeolus schweinitzii Phaeomarasmius rimulincola Phanerochaete sanguinea * Phanerochaete sordida Phanerochaete tuberculata Phellinus ferreus * Phellinus ferruginosus * Phellodon atratus * Phlebia livida ** Phlebia phlebioides Phlebia radiata * Phlebia rufa Phlebia subcretacea Phlebia subochracea Phlebia subserialis Phlebia tremellosa Phlebiella christiansenii Pholiota astragalina * Pholiota aurivella Pholiota decorata Pholiota graminis ** Pholiota lenta Pholiota malicola Pholiota terrestris Phylloporus rhodoanthus Phellodon tomentosus * Pholiota oedipus? * 2012/ 13 Physisporinus rivulosus Pire concentricus * Pithya vulgaris * Plectania melastoma * Pleospora herbarum Pleuroflammula ragazziana ** 64

66 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Pleurotus dryinus * 2004/ / / / / 09 Pleurotus ostreatus Pluteus cervinus Pluteus cinereofuscus ** Pluteus eiguus ** 2009/ / / / 13 Pluteus leoninus ** Pluteus nanus f. nanus ** Pluteus pallescens ** Pluteus petasatus * Pluteus plautus Pluteus podospileus f. minutissimus ** Pluteus podospileus f. podospileus Pluteus pouzarianus ** Pluteus pouzarianus var. albus ** Pluteus primus * Pluteus romellii Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma * Polydesmia pruinosa ** Polyporus brumalis * Polyporus elegans Polyporus tuberaster Porodaedalea pini Pouzarella fulvostrigosa ** Pouzarella versatilis ** Primitive ascomycete ** Propolis versicolor * Protocrea farinosa ** Psathyrella bifrons? Psathyrella candolleana * Psathyrella cernua Psathyrella delineata Psathyrella distans ** Psathyrella hymenocephala * Psathyrella longistriata Pluteus thomsonii * Polyporus badius Psathyrella microrhiza * 65

67 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Psathyrella murcida? 2004/ / / 07 Psathyrella nolitangere ** 2007/ / / / 11 Psathyrella olympiana ** Psathyrella orbitarum * Psathyrella paradoa ** Psathyrella pseudotrepida ** Psathyrella quercicola * Psathyrella sacchariolens ** Psathyrella sene ** Psathyrella sp. no. 1 Psathyrella sp. no. 2 Psathyrella spadiceogrisea ** Psathyrella subcaerulea var. subcaerulea ** Psathyrella subhepatica ** Psathyrella subnuda var. velosa ** Psathyrella subsquamulosa Psathyrella vesiculocystis ** Pseudobaeospora sp. ** Pseudoplectania melaena Psilachnum chrysostigma Psilachnum inquilinum Psilocybe crobula ** Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa * Psilocybe pelliculosa * Psilocybe phyllogena ** Pseudombrophila cervaria Psilocybe inquilina * Pseudoclitocybe obbata Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Psathyrella prona var. prona ** Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis * Psathyrella piluliformis * Psathyrella tephrophylla * 2012/ 13 Psathyrella obtusata Psathyrella ocellata ** 2011/ 12 Pycnoporellus alboluteus ** Radulomyces confluens 66

68 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Ramaria acrisiccescens 2004/ / / / / 09 Ramaria aurantiisiccescens ** 2009/ / / 12 Ramaria curta ** Ramaria fennica Ramaria flaccida Ramaria formosa Ramaria gracilis? Ramaria marrii ** Ramaria myceliosa ** Ramaria rasilispora var. rasilispora * Ramaria rubella var. rubella ** Ramaria rubiginosa ** Ramaria rubricarnata var. verna * Ramaria stricta * Ramaria testaceoflava Ramaricium albo-ochraceum Ramaricium flavomarginatum Ramariopsis kunzei * Rhizopogon parksii Rhizopogon sp. Rhizopogon vinicolor * Rhodocollybia badiialba Rhodocollybia maculata Rhodocollybia oregonensis Rhodocybe aureicystidiata ** Rhodocybe falla Rhodocybe hirneola ** Rhodocybe melleopallens ** Rhodocybe mundula ** Rhodocybe nitellina * Rhizopogon villosulus Rhodocollybia butyracea Resupinatus applicatus ** Rhizopogon ellenae ** 2012/ 13 Rhodocybe nuciolens ** Rhodocybe priscua Rhodocybe roseiavellanea * 67

69 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Rhytisma punctatum Rickenella fibula 2004/ / / / / / / / / 13 Rickenella setipes * Rickenella swartzii * Rimbachia bryophila ** Rimbachia paludosa ** Ripartites metrodii Ripartites serotinus Ripartites sp. Russula abietina * Russula adusta Russula albida Russula alutacea ** Russula aureofulva nom. prov. ** Russula bicolor Russula brevipes Russula brevipes var. acrior Russula brunneoviolacea ** Russula cascadensis ** Russula cessans ** Russula cremoricolor Russula crenulata ** Russula densifolia ** Russula fragilis Russula fragrantissima Russula maculata Russula mustelina Russula ochroleuca ** Russula pelargonia Russula placita Russula queletii Russula raoultii Russula silvicola ** Russula sororia Russula mariae * Russula murrillii * Russula stuntzii * 68

70 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Russula subalutacea 2004/ / / / / / / / 13 Russula turci Russula velenovskyi ** Russula veternosa * Russula erampelina 2007/ 08 Rutstroemia sydowiana Sarcomya serotina Sarcosphaera coronaria Schizopora paradoa Scleroderma areolatum * Scleroderma cepa Scopuloides rimosa Scutellinia scutellata Sebacina epigaea * Simocybe centunculus? ** Simocybe rubi ** Simocybe sumptuosa ** Skeletocutis alutacea Skeletocutis nivea Skeletocutis odora * Sordaria fimicola Sparassis crispa Sphaerobolus stellatus * Sporormiella australis Squamanita paradoa ** Steccherinum ciliolatum * Steccherinum fimbriatum Steccherinum ochraceum * Steccherinum oreophilum * Stereum gausapatum * Stereum hirsutum Stereum ochraceoflavum * Stereum rugosum Stereum sanguinolentum * Stictis radiata * Stigmatolemma urceolatum ** Stilbella byssiseda * 69

71 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Stilbella fimetaria 2004/ / / / / / / / 13 Strobilurus albipilatus * Strobilurus trullisatus Stropharia ambigua 2008/ 09 Stropharia pseudocyanea ** Suillus caerulescens Suillus lakei Tapesia fusca Taphrina alni Tapinella atrotomentosa Tapinella panuoides Tarzetta cupularis * Tarzetta gaillardiana ** Tephrocybe anthracophila ** Tephrocybe boudieri * Tephrocybe fusispora ** Tephrocybe implea ** Tephrocybe oldae ** Tephrocybe ozes * Tephrocybe tylicolor ** Tephrocybe platypus * Tephrocybe sp. Tetrapyrgos subdendrophora ** Thelebolus stercoreus Thelephora anthocephala ** Thelephora palmate Thelephora regularis ** Thelephora terrestris Tomentella calcicola Tomentella coerulea * Tomentella crinalis * Tomentella subclavigera * Tomentella terrestris * Tomentellopsis echinospora * Trametes hirsuta * Trametes versicolor Trechispora farinacea 70

72 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Trechispora microspora 2004/ / / / / / / 11 Trechispora mollusca * Tremella foliacea Tremella mesenterella ** Tremella mesenterella? * Tremella mesenterica Tremella moriformis ** Tremella obscura ** Tremellodendropsis tuberosa * Tremiscus helvelloides * Trichaptum abietinum Trichoglossum hirsutum * Tricholoma aurantio-olivaceum Tricholoma aurantium Tricholoma bufonium ** Tricholoma equestre Tricholoma gausapatum * Tricholoma griseoviolaceum ** Tricholoma leucophyllum ** Tricholoma myomyces ** Tricholoma pardinum Tricholoma pessundatum Tricholoma psammopus * Tricholoma scalpturatum ** Tricholoma sulphureum Tricholoma terreum Tubaria furfuracea * Tubaria hiemalis * Tricholomopsis rutilans Tubaria conspersa Tricholoma ustale * Tricholoma virgatum Tricholoma saponaceum Tricholoma sp. ** 2012/ 13 Tremella aurantia Tremella encephala * 2011/ 12 Tubaria praestans ** 71

73 Species * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? - preliminary identification Tubaria punicea ** 2004/ / / / / / / / / 13 Tubulicrinis angustus * Tubulicrinis borealis Tubulicrinis chaetophorus Tubulicrinis glebulosus * Tubulicrinis subulatus Tulostoma fimbriatum var. campestre ** Typhula erythropus ** Typhula sp. * Tyromyces caesius Tyromyces chioneus Tyromyces fragilis Tyromyces mollis * Tyromyces sp. Uknown blue mushroom ** Unguicularia sp. Unguiculella sp. * Urnula padeniana** Vascellum lloydianum * Velutarina rufo-olivacea Vuilleminia cystidiata * Wilcoina rehmii ** Xenasma praeteritum Xenasma rimicola * Xenasma tulasnelloideum Xeromphalina campanella Xeromphalina cornui ** Xeromphalina fulvipes Xylaria hypoylon Xylaria sp. 72

74 Appendi 3: Alphabetical list Observatory Hill 2012/2013 * - rarely identified ** - especially rare? preliminary identification Agaricus hondensis Agrocybe dura NEW Agrocybe praeco Aleurodiscus aurantius ** Aleurodiscus grantii Aleurodiscus penicillatus * Alnicola alnetorum * NEW Alnicola melinoides Alnicola salicis ** Alnicola suavis ** Amanita gemmata Amanita pantherina Amphinema byssoides Antrodia malicola * Armillaria ostoyae Arrhenia spathulata Ascobolus stercorarius Astraeus hygrometricus * Athelia decipiens NEW Auriscalpium vulgare Basidiodendron eyrei * Bisporella citrina Bisporella subpallida ** Bjerkandera adusta * NEW Botryobasidium candicans Botryobasidium conspersum Callistosporium luteoolivaceum* Calocera cornea Calocera viscosa Calyptella capula Cantharellula umbonata * Ceriporia purpurea ** Ceriporia reticulata Ceriporiopsis subvermispora Chondrostereum purpureum * Chromosera cyanophylla * Chrysomphalina aurantiaca * Ciboria rufofusca Claudopus byssisedus ** Clavaria tenuipes ** NEW Clavaria vermicularis Clavulina cristata Clavulinopsis laeticolor * Clitocybe dealbata Clitocybe deceptiva * Clitocybe elegantula * Clitocybe harmajae Clitocybe obsoleta * Clitocybe trulliformis Clitocybe trulliformis? ** Clitocybe vibecina * Coccomyces dentatus Coltricia perennis Coniophora puteana ** Conocybe tenera * Coprinellus impatiens ** Coprinellus micaceus Coprinopsis lagopus Cortinarius cinnamomeus Cortinarius idahoensis ** Cortinarius leucopus * Cortinarius parkeri ** Cortinarius sertipes * Cortinarius velenovskyi * Cortinarius vernalis? Cortinarius vernus ** Crepidotus applanatus NEW Crepidotus mollis Crucibulum laeve Cryptoporus volvatus Cudonia circinans * NEW Cyathus olla * Cylindrobasidium laeve ** Cystoderma amianthinum Cystoderma falla Cystoderma granulosum Cytidia stereoides Dacrymyces capitatus * Dacrymyces ovisporus ** Dacrymyces palmatus Dacrymyces stillatus * Dacryobolus karstenii NEW Deconica montana Dencoeliopsis johnstonii * NEW Dendrothele candida Diatrype stigma NEW Endogone pisiformis * Entoloma hirtum ** NEW Eidia glandulosa * Fomitopsis cajanderi Fomitopsis pinicola Galerina camerina Galerina castaneipes ** Galerina cedretorum var. cedretorum 73 Galerina cerina var. longicystis * Galerina cinnamomea ** Galerina dimorphocystis var. dimorphocystis Galerina evelata var. evelata * Galerina falla f. falla ** Galerina filiformis Galerina heterocystis Galerina jaapii f. jaapii Galerina mammillata * Galerina marginata * Galerina nana NEW Galerina oregonensis Galerina pumila var. pumila Galerina sideroides * Galerina stylifera var. stylifera** Galerina subfiliformis var. subfiliformis Galerina tundrae * NEW Galerina unicolor * Galerina veans ** NEW Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. bispora Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora * Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. vittiformis * Ganoderma applanatum Ganoderma tsugae Geoglossum umbratile ** Gomphidius glutinosus * Gomphidius oregonensis Gomphidius smithii Gomphidius subroseus Gymnopilus picreus Gymnopilus sapineus & G. penetrans Gymnopus fuscopurpureus * Gyromitra esculenta Hebeloma helodes * NEW Hebeloma lutense * Helvella compressa * Helvella lacunosa Helvella queletii * NEW Helvella villosa ** Hemimycena nebulophila

75 Hemimycena tortuosa ** Hericium erinaceus Heterotetus luteus * Humaria hemisphaerica ** Hyalorbilia inflatula * Hyaloscypha candida * NEW Hyaloscypha vitreola Hydnum umbilicatum Hydropus atramentosus ** NEW Hydropus scabripes ** Hygrocybe miniata Hygrocybe psittacina * Hygrocybe russocoriacea * Hygrocybe singeri ** Hygrophoropsis olida Hygrophorus virgineus var. roseipes * NEW Hymenochaete corrugata * NEW Hymenochaete fuliginosa * NEW Hymenochaete tabacina * Hymenogaster subalpinus * NEW Hymenoscyphus caudatus * Hymenoscyphus imberbis Hyphoderma argillaceum * Hyphoderma setigerum * Hyphodermella corrugata * Hyphodontia alutaria Hyphodontia aspera Hyphodontia crustosa Hyphodontia floccosa Hyphodontia nespori Hyphodontia quercina Hyphodontia sambuci Hyphodontia spathulata NEW Hyphodontia subalutacea * Hypholoma capnoides Hypholoma fasciculare Hypochnicium lundellii NEW Hypocrea moravica * NEW Hypocrea pulvinata ** Hypomyces cervinigenus Hypoylon rubiginosum * Hysterangium separabile * NEW Hysterographium fleuosum NEW Inocybe amblyspora * Inocybe assimilata Inocybe calida ** Inocybe castanea Inocybe chelanensis * NEW Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa ** Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula ** Inocybe geophylla Inocybe inodora ** Inocybe lacera var. helobia * Inocybe lanuginosa Inocybe lilacina Inocybe mitilis * Inocybe praetervisa ** Inocybe pudica * Inocybe pusio ** Inocybe salicis * Inocybe subcarpta ** Ischnoderma benzoinum Jahnoporus hirtus Kuehneromyces vernalis * Laccaria amethysteooccidentalis Laccaria laccata Lachnella alboviolascens ** Lachnellula calyciformis * Lachnellula gallica * Lachnum brevipilosum ** Lachnum fasciculare * Lachnum pudibundum Lachnum virgineum Lactarius argillaceifolius var. megacarpus ** NEW Lactarius occidentalis Lactarius subviscidus * Laeticorticium minnsiae Lanzia luteovirescens ** Lasiobelonium corticale * NEW Lentaria pinicola * Lepiota castanea * Leucopaillus albissimus Lichenomphalia alpina * NEW Lichenomphalia umbellifera Lycoperdon perlatum Lycoperdon pyriforme Macrocystidia cucumis var. latifolia ** Marasmiellus candidus Marasmiellus vaillantii * NEW Marasmius androsaceus * Marasmius plicatulus Melanoleuca humilis Melanoleuca stridula Melanotus horizontalis ** Meruliopsis corium * Micromphale arbuticola Mollisia cinerea Morchella elata Mucronella fusiformis ** 74 Mucronella pendula ** NEW Mucronella pulchra ** Multiclavula mucida Mycena acicula ** Mycena adonis Mycena albissima * Mycena amicta * Mycena aurantiomarginata Mycena capillaris * Mycena cinerella ** Mycena citrinomarginata * Mycena clavata Mycena corticola ** Mycena delicatella * Mycena elegantula * Mycena epipterygia Mycena filopes Mycena fusco-ocula Mycena galopus Mycena griseoviridis var. cascadensis * NEW Mycena haematopus var. marginata Mycena laevigata NEW Mycena leptocephala Mycena maculata Mycena metata * Mycena olivaceomarginata Mycena parabolica Mycena pura Mycena purpureofusca Mycena rorida Mycena sanguinolenta Mycena speirea Mycena stannea * Mycena subsupina Mycena supina * Mycenella nodulosa ** Nemania aenea var. macrospora NEW Neodasyscypha cervina * NEW Nidula candida NEW Nitschkia collapsa Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata * Nolanea cetrata f. mediospora Nolanea farinolens * Nolanea fusciceps Nolanea hebes Nolanea hirtipes * Nolanea holoconiota * Nolanea lucida * Nolanea pusillipapillata * Oedohysterium insidens NEW Oidium conspersum * NEW Omphalina obscurata ** Orbilia delicatula **

76 Otidea onotica * Panaeolina foenisecii * Panaeolus fimicola NEW Panellus longinquus Panellus stipticus ** Peniophora aurantiaca ** Peniophora cinerea * Peniophora decorticans Peniophora incarnata * Peniophora polygonia ** Peniophorella praetermissa Phaeohelotium umbilicatum * Phaeolus schweinitzii Phaeomarasmius rimulincola Phanerochaete sanguinea * Phanerochaete sordida Phellinus ferreus * Phlebia livida ** Phlebia radiata * Phlebia rufa Phlebiella christiansenii Pholiota decorata Pire concentricus * Plectania melastoma * Pleurotus ostreatus Pluteus cervinus Pluteus petasatus * NEW Pluteus podospileus f. minutissimus ** Pluteus pouzarianus ** Pluteus primus * Pluteus romellii Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma * NEW Pluteus thomsonii * Polydesmia pruinosa ** Polyporus badius Propolis versicolor * Psathyrella candolleana * Psathyrella cernua Psathyrella delineata NEW Psathyrella longistriata Psathyrella olympiana ** Psathyrella paradoa ** Psathyrella quercicola * NEW Psathyrella sene ** Psathyrella vesiculocystis ** Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Pseudombrophila cervaria Psilocybe inquilina * Psilocybe phyllogena ** Radulomyces confluens Ramaria marrii ** Ramaria myceliosa ** Ramaria rubricarnata var. verna * NEW Ramaricium flavomarginatum Ramariopsis kunzei * NEW Resupinatus applicatus ** Rhizopogon ellenae ** Rhizopogon vinicolor * Rhodocollybia butyracea Rhodocollybia maculata Rhodocybe aureicystidiata ** Rhodocybe nitellina * Rhodocybe roseiavellanea * Rhytisma punctatum Rickenella fibula Rickenella swartzii Russula raoultii Rutstroemia sydowiana NEW Sarcomya serotina Sarcosphaera coronaria Schizopora paradoa Scleroderma cepa Scutellinia scutellata Simocybe rubi ** Simocybe sumptuosa ** Skeletocutis alutacea Sphaerobolus stellatus * Steccherinum ochraceum * Steccherinum oreophilum * Stereum gausapatum * NEW Stereum hirsutum Stereum ochraceoflavum * Stereum sanguinolentum * Stictis radiata * Stilbella fimetaria NEW 75 Strobilurus trullisatus Stropharia ambigua Suillus caerulescens Suillus lakei Tapesia fusca Tapinella panuoides Tarzetta cupularis * NEW Tephrocybe oldae ** Tephrocybe platypus * Tetrapyrgos subdendrophora ** Tomentella calcicola NEW Trametes versicolor Trechispora microspora Tremella encephala * Tremella foliacea Tremellodendropsis tuberosa * Tremiscus helvelloides * Trichaptum abietinum Tricholoma pardinum Tricholoma scalpturatum ** Tricholoma sulphureum Tubaria conspersa Tubaria furfuracea * Tubaria hiemalis * Tubaria punicea ** Tubulicrinis glebulosus * Tubulicrinis subulatus Typhula erythropus ** Tyromyces caesius Tyromyces chioneus Tyromyces fragilis Uknown blue mushroom ** Unguiculella sp. * Velutarina rufo-olivacea Vuilleminia cystidiata * NEW Xenasma praeteritum NEW Xenasma tulasnelloideum Xeromphalina campanella Xeromphalina cornui ** Xeromphalina fulvipes Xylaria hypoylon Xylaria sp. NEW

77 Appendi 4: The most frequently occurring species 9 out of 9-69 species Auriscalpium vulgare Bisporella citrina Callistosporium luteoolivaceum* Chromosera cyanophylla * Clavulina cristata Clitocybe deceptiva * Cortinarius cinnamomeus Cortinarius leucopus * Cystoderma amianthinum Cystoderma falla Cystoderma granulosum Dacrymyces palmatus Dacrymyces stillatus * Deconica montana Fomitopsis cajanderi Fomitopsis pinicola Galerina heterocystis Galerina marginata * Galerina sideroides * Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora * Gomphidius subroseus Gymnopus fuscopurpureus * Helvella lacunosa Hypholoma fasciculare Inocybe geophylla Inocybe lilacina Inocybe mitilis * Inocybe pudica * Laccaria amethysteooccidentalis Laccaria laccata Lactarius subviscidus * Lentaria pinicola * Lichenomphalia umbellifera Lycoperdon perlatum Marasmiellus candidus Marasmius plicatulus Melanoleuca stridula Mycena amicta * Mycena delicatella * Mycena filopes Mycena leptocephala Mycena parabolica Mycena purpureofusca Mycena speirea Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata * Nolanea farinolens * Nolanea hirtipes * Phaeolus schweinitzii Polyporus badius Psathyrella longistriata Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Rhodocollybia butyracea Rhodocybe nitellina * Sphaerobolus stellatus * Stereum hirsutum Stereum ochraceoflavum * Stropharia ambigua Suillus caerulescens Suillus lakei Trametes versicolor Tremella encephala * Trichaptum abietinum Tubaria conspersa Tubaria hiemalis * Tyromyces caesius Tyromyces chioneus Tyromyces fragilis Xeromphalina fulvipes Xylaria hypoylon Galerina pumila var. pumila Gomphidius glutinosus * Gymnopilus sapineus & G. penetrans Hydnum umbilicatum Hygrocybe pratensis * Hypholoma capnoides Inocybe griseolilacina * Inocybe lacera var. lacera * Inocybe nitidiuscula * Inocybe subcarpta ** Lepiota castanea * Marasmius androsaceus * Micromphale arbuticola Mycena adonis Mycena alcalina Mycena epipterygia Mycena fusco-ocula Mycena maculata Mycena olivaceomarginata Mycena pura Mycena rorida Mycena sanguinolenta Otidea onotica * Phaeohelotium umbilicatum * Pluteus cervinus Pluteus romellii Psathyrella paradoa ** Russula fragrantissima Russula sororia Strobilurus trullisatus Tapesia fusca Tricholoma sulphureum Tricholoma terreum Tubaria punicea ** Xeromphalina campanella 8 of 9-52 species Aleurodiscus grantii Armillaria ostoyae Calocera cornea Calocera viscosa Clavulinopsis laeticolor * Clitocybe elegantula * Clitocybe vibecina * Coprinopsis lagopus Cortinarius californicus Cortinarius vernus ** Crepidotus lundellii * Crepidotus mollis Cystolepiota seminuda Galerina badipes * Galerina dimorphocystis var. dimorphocystis Galerina evelata var. evelata * Galerina oregonensis 76

78 7 of 9-63 species Agaricus diminutivus Agaricus hondensis Aleurodiscus penicillatus * Amanita pantherina Antrodia malicola * Astraeus hygrometricus * Boletus truncatus Claudopus byssisedus ** Clavulina cinerea * Clitocybe trulliformis Coltricia cinnamomea Coprinus impatiens ** Cortinarius scandens Cryptoporus volvatus Cylindrobasidium laeve ** Fayodia pseudoclusilis * Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. tetraspora * Gomphidius oregonensis Gomphus floccosus Gymnopilus picreus Gymnopus confluens Hebeloma mesophaeum Heterotetus luteus * Hygrocybe miniata Hymenochaete tabacina * Hypomyces cervinigenus Hypomyces lactifluorum Inocybe assimilata Inocybe cinnamomea * Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula ** Inocybe leiocephala ** Inocybe sindonia ** Inocybe stellatospora ** Jahnoporus hirtus Lactarius rubrilacteus Lepiota josserandii Lepista nuda Leucopaillus amarus Mucronella bresadolae ** Mucronella fusiformis ** Mycena elegantula * Mycena subsupina Nolanea lucida * Nolanea verna var. isodiametrica ** Panellus longinquus Peniophora incarnata * Peziza repanda ** Phellinus ferreus * Psathyrella ocellata ** Psathyrella olympiana ** Psilocybe inquilina * Rickenella fibula Russula bicolor Russula stuntzii * Russula veternosa * Simocybe rubi ** Stereum sanguinolentum * Tephrocybe boudieri * Tremellodendropsis tuberosa * Tremiscus helvelloides * Tricholoma leucophyllum ** Tricholoma sp. ** Xeromphalina cornui ** Gomphidius smithii Gomphus floccosus Hebeloma mesophaeum Hemimycena tortuosa ** Humaria hemisphaerica ** Hygrocybe psittacina * Hypomyces lactifluorum Inocybe cinnamomea * Inocybe flocculosa var. flocculosa ** Inocybe pusio ** Inocybe sindonia ** Inocybe stellatospora ** Lachnella alboviolascens ** Lachnum virgineum Lactarius rubrilacteus Lanzia luteovirescens ** Lepista nuda Leucopaillus amarus Meruliopsis corium * Mucronella bresadolae ** Mycena acicula ** Mycena capillaripes * Mycena haematopus var. marginata Mycena metata * Nolanea fusciceps Nolanea holoconiota * Nolanea verna var. isodiametrica ** Omphalina obscurata ** Panellus stipticus ** Peziza repanda ** Psathyrella candolleana * Russula bicolor Russula stuntzii * Russula veternosa * Scutellinia scutellata 6 of 9 56 species Agaricus diminutivus Boletus truncatus Cantharellula umbonata * Chrysomphalina aurantiaca * Clavaria vermicularis Clavulina cinerea * Clitocybe dealbata Coltricia cinnamomea Cortinarius idahoensis ** Cortinarius scandens Cortinarius sertipes * Crucibulum laeve Dacrymyces capitatus * Fayodia pseudoclusilis * Galerina mammillata * Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. tetraspora * Ganoderma applanatum 77

79 Steccherinum ochraceum * Tephrocybe boudieri * Tricholoma leucophyllum ** Tricholoma sp. ** 5 of 9 86 species Agaricus praeclaresquamosus Agrocybe praeco Amanita gemmata Arrhenia spathulata Ceriporia purpurea ** Chlorociboria aeruginascens Clavulinopsis corniculata ** Coccomyces dentatus Coltricia perennis Conocybe tenera * Crepidotus epibryus Cytidia stereoides Fomes fomentarius Galerina cinnamomea ** Galerina filiformis Galerina jaapii f. jaapii Galerina unicolor * Galerina vittiformis var. albescens f. bispora Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. vittiformis * Ganoderma tsugae Gymnopus confluens Gymnopus dryophilus * Hebeloma crustuliniforme Hebeloma hiemale * Hebeloma lutense * Helvella compressa * Helvella villosa ** Hemimycena nebulophila Hygrocybe persistens ** Hymenochaete rubiginosa * Hyphodontia subalutacea * Hypocrea pulvinata ** Inocybe abjecta Inocybe fuscodisca * Inocybe kauffmanii ** Inocybe lacera var. helobia * Inocybe leiocephala ** Inocybe pseudodestricta ** Inocybe sororia Laccaria bicolor Laccaria tetraspora * Lachnellula calyciformis * Lachnellula gallica * Lachnum brevipilosum ** Lachnum impudicum * Lepiota boudieri ** Lepiota cristata Lepiota josserandii Melanotus horizontalis ** Mycena abramsii * Mycena albissima * Mycena cinerella ** Mycena citrinomarginata * Mycena flavoalba Mycena fragillima * Mycena galopus Mycena rugulosiceps Mycena subcucullata Mycena tenella 78 Nolanea pusillipapillata * Peniophora aurantiaca ** Peniophora cinerea * Peniophora decorticans Peniophora polygonia ** Phlebiella christiansenii Propolis versicolor * Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis * Pseudoplectania melaena Psilocybe phyllogena ** Rhodocybe mundula ** Rhodocybe nuciolens ** Rhytisma punctatum Russula brevipes var. acrior Russula fragilis Russula placita Sparassis crispa Stictis radiata * Tetrapyrgos subdendrophora ** Thelephora terrestris Tremella foliacea Tremella mesenterella ** Tricholoma pardinum Tricholoma scalpturatum ** Tubulicrinis glebulosus * Typhula erythropus ** Velutarina rufo-olivacea

80 Appendi 5: Changes in nomenclature and identifications Changes in nomenclature 2004/ /2012 reports Ascobolus furfuraceus Grandinia spp. Coprinus disseminates Coprinus friesii Coprinus gonophyllus Coprinus impatiens Coprinus lagopus Coprinus micaceus Coprinus niveus Coprinus anthothri Galerina autumnalis Galerina pseudobadipes Hyphoderma praetermissum Hyphoderma puberum Hyphoderma sambuci Merulius tremellosus Orbilia inflatula Panaeolus foeniseci Panellus serotinus Phellinus pini Pholiota albocrenulata Psilocybe montana Ramaricium albo-ochraceum Rickenella setipes Sarcosoma meicana Sarcosphaera crassa Stereum striatum Tyromyce mollis This report Ascobolus stercorarius Hyphodontia spp. Coprinellus disseminates Coprinopsis friesii Coprinopsis gonophylla Corpinellus impatiens Coprinopsis lagopus Coprinellus micaceus Coprinopsis nivea Coprinellus anthothri Galerina marginata Galerina camerina Peniophorella praetermissa Peniophorella pubera Hyphodontia sambuci Phlebia tremellosa Hyalorbilia inflatula Paneolina foenisecii Sarcomya serotina Porodedalaea pini Hemistropharia albocrenulata Deconica montana Xenasma tulasnelloidea Rickenella swartzii Urnula padeniana Sarcosphaera coronaria Stereum ochraceoflavum Leptoporus mollis Changes in identifications 2011/2012 report Anthracobia sp. Basidiodendron caesiocinereum Bulgaria sp. Dasyscyphella nivea Leucogyrophana mollusca Mucronella pendula Phlebiella tulasnelloidea Subulicystidium longisporum This report Velutarina rufo-olivacea Basidiodendron eyrei Bulgariella pulla Dasyscyphella montana Pire concentricus Mucronella fusiformis Ramaricium albo-ochraceum Phanerochaete sordida 79

81 Tricholoma vaccinum Tricholoma aurantio-olivaceum Deletions from the previous reports 2004/ /2012 reports Antrodia sinuosa Hymenoscyphus albidus Mycena chlorinella Oyporus similis Russula erampelina var. isabelliniceps Note probably old Oligoporus sp. = Hymenoscyphus sp. Mycena leptocephala probably old Trichaptum abietinum This variety has never been published 80

82 Appendi 6: Transcript of the field book April 14, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, margin, and the eastern slope: eastern slope, smaller loop to the paved road and back by the oak with an Unknown blue agaric Margin [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Clitocybe deceptiva Cortinarius vernus Cortinarius leucopus Gyromitra esculenta Cortinarius parkeri Inocybe assimilata Cortinarius vernalis Lichenomphalia umbellifera Eastern slope [2 Douglas-fir forest] Ciboria rufofusca Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata Melanoleuca stridula Omphalina obscurata Xeromphalina campanella Nolanea holoconiota April 21, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Cortinarius vernalis Lichenomphalia alpina NEW Polyporus badius Gyromitra esculenta Lichenomphalia umbellifera Inocybe assimilata Nolanea holoconiota April 28, 2012 Below the paved road, along the ephemeral creek, up to John s bridge and back Along the road, right side going up [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula Rhizopogon ellenae Forest below the road [3 Western red-cedar forest] Aleurodiscus penicillatus Fomitopsis cajanderi Antrodia malicola Fomitopsis pinicola Ascobolus stercorarius Galerina cerina var. longicystis Botryobasidium conspersum Geoglossum umbratile Ceriporia purpurea Helvella compressa Chromosera cyanophylla Hymenochaete tabacina Cortinarius sertipes Hypoylon rubiginosum Cortinarius vernus Hysterangium separabile NEW Dacryobolus karstenii NEW Melanoleuca stridula Morchella elata Mycena pura Peniophora decorticans Pseudombrophila cervaria Psilocybe phyllogena Sarcosphaera coronaria Stictis radiata Tubaria hiemalis May 13, 2012 Below the paved road, to the small bridge to John s property [3 Western red-cedar forest] Athelia decipiens NEW Lachnum fasciculare Peniophora polygonia Ceriporia reticulata Mycena acicula Plectania melastoma Diatrype stigma NEW Mycena adonis Pluteus cervinus Fomitopsis pinicola Mycena leptocephala Sarcosphaera coronaria Geoglossum umbratile Nitschkia collapsa Skeletocutis alutacea Hemimycena tortuosa Oidium conspersum NEW Tapesia fusca Hyphodontia nespori Peniophora decorticans Xenasma praeteritum NEW 81

83 May 14, 2012 Below the paved road, the same route as yesterday, spent more time along the creek [3 Western red-cedar forest] Bjerkandera adusta NEW Marasmiellus candidus Polyporus badius Calocera cornea Meruliopsis corium Sarcosphaera coronaria Coprinellus micaceus Mycena speirea Schizopora paradoa Crepidotus mollis Peniophora decorticans Stereum hirsutum Cudonia circinans NEW Phanerochaete sordida Tomentella calcicola NEW Fomitopsis pinicola Pire concentricus Tubulicrinis glebulosus Helvella compressa Pleurotus ostreatus Unguiculella sp. May 25, 2012 Below the paved road, from Alnus rubra with Pleurotus to Alnus rubra stand by the house and back to the paved road Along the road, right side going up [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Amanita pantherina Inocybe pusio Inocybe chelanensis NEW Forest along the creek [3 Western red-cedar forest] Aleurodiscus grantii Kuehneromyces vernalis Aleurodiscus penicillatus Lachnum pudibundum Basidiodendron eyrei Lachnum virgineum Helvella villosa Lactarius occidentalis Hemimycena tortuosa Mycena leptocephala Hyalorbilia inflatula Peniophora decorticans Inocybe amblyspora Phanerochaete sordida Pluteus thomsonii Ramaria marrii Scutellaria scutellata Tapesia fusca Tarzetta cupularis NEW May 28, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest eastern slope Margin [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum Morchella elata Inocybe pusio Rhodocollybia maculata Eastern slope [2 Douglas-fir forest] Amanita pantherina Helvella queletii NEW Hymenogaster subalpinus NEW June 5, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest, and then the southern slope, just net to the main gate Behind the smaller dome, margin/ridge [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Amanita pantherina Hyphodontia subalutacea Phanerochaete sordida Hyphodontia alutaria Hypochnicium lundellii NEW Tubulicrinis glebulosus Hyphodontia crustosa Inocybe praetervisa Xenasma tulasnelloideum Southern slope by the main gate [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Amanita pantherina Hyaloscypha candida NEW 82

84 June 20, 2012 Below the paved road, up to the ephemeral creek - with Ian Gibson & Rich Mably Along the road on the right side going up, just above the main gate [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Agrocybe dura NEW Rhizopogon ellenae Below the paved road [3 Western red-cedar forest] Alnicola melinoides Nolanea pusillipapillata Galerina vittiformis var. Pluteus petasatus NEW albescens f. bispora Pluteus pouzarianus Inocybe castannea Pluteus primus Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma NEW Tubaria conspersa June 29, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Hebeloma lutense Inocybe mitilis Inocybe lanuginosa Inocybe subcarpta Along the paved road, just above the main gate, right side going up [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Nolanea lucida Rhizopogon ellenae Panaeolina foenisecii Went to check Pluteus spp. below the road, but nothing was found July 4, 2012 Below the paved road, along the ephemeral creek Along the paved road, right side going up [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Coltricia perennis Inocybe lacera var. helobia Rhizopogon vinicolor Inocybe flocculosa var. Inocybe pusio Tricholoma scalpturatum flocculosa Nolanea farinolens Below the road, along the ephemeral creek [3 Western red-cedar forest] Calocera cornea Hyphodontia crustosa Galerina subfiliformis var. Hyphodontia quercina subfiliformis Peniophorella praetermissa Pluteus petasatus Psathyrella candolleana July 18, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest below the paved road along the ephemeral creek Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Gomphidius glutinosus Russula sp. (eaten) Along the paved road, right side going up [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula latifolia Macrocystidia cucumis var. Panaeolina foenisecii Forest below the paved road [3 Western red-cedar forest] Entoloma hirtum NEW Hemimycena nebulophila Galerina nana NEW Humaria hemisphaerica 83 Inocybe salicis Mycena acicula

85 Ramariopsis kunzei NEW Rickenella swartzii Simocybe rubi July 20, 2012 Below the road along the ephemeral creek up to the Alnus rubra stand [3 Western red-cedar forest] Amanita gemmata Inocybe calida Peniophora decorticans Calocera cornea Marasmiellus candidus Pluteus thomsonii Calyptella capula Marasmiellus vaillantii NEW Psathyrella candolleana Entoloma hirtum Mycena stannea Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Hemimycena nebulophila Mycenella nodulosa Simocybe sumptuosa By the main gate [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Scleroderma cepa August all dry, precipitation 0 September 12, 2012 Went on the hill after small showers in the previous days Along the creek below the paved road, [3 Western red-cedar forest] only Phaeolus schweinitzii (fresh) October 5, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, ridge, very dry, even Polystichum munitum flat dry on the ground [2 Douglas-fir forest] No rain Phaeolus schweinitzii [fresh] October 17, 2012 After some rain: ca. 44 mm between October 12 and October 15 Along the road, right side going up above the main gate [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Astraeus hygrometricus Rhytisma punctatum Below the road along the creek, all the way to a little wetland [3 Western red-cedar forest] Alnicola alnetorum NEW Hypholoma fasciculare minutissimus Alnicola salicis Lanzia luteovirescens Rhytisma punctatum Alnicola suavis Mycena leptocephala Stereum hirsutum Bisporella citrina Mycena speirea Stilbela fimetaria NEW Calocera cornea Nolanea lucida Strobilurus trullisatus Chondrostereum purpureum Orbilia delicatulla Typhula erythropus Ganoderma tsugae Peniophora aurantiaca Hebeloma helodes NEW Pluteus podospileus f. October 25, 2012 Forest net to the main gate, southern slope, along the paved road, along the main road on both sides, up to the former keeper s house up to the driveway; then we went to the ridge behind the smaller dome, up to the trail to the eastern slope [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Cytidia stereoides Peniophora incarnata Stictis radiata Dacrymyces capitatus Rhytisma punctatum Strobilurus trullisatus Eidia glandulosa Stereum hirsutum Velutarina rufo-olivacea 84

86 Xeromphalina fulvipes The ridge [2 Douglas-fir forest] Strobilurus trullisatus (the only fungus seen, but it was plentiful) November 4, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the forest & the ridge Margin [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Conocybe tenera menziesii wood) Coprinellus impatiens Mycena corticola Coprinopsis lagopus Mycena fusco-ocula Deconica montana Mycena leptocephala Galerina vittiformis var. Omphalina obscurata albescens f. bispora Resupinatus applicatus Gymnopus sp. (on Arbutus Rickenella fibula Ridge [2 Douglas-fir forest] Aleurodiscus penicillatus Mycena cinerella Clitocybe obsoleta Mycena filopes Galerina oregonensis Mycena fusco-ocula Hymenochaete tabacina Mycena leptocephala Hypholoma capnoides Mycena purpureofusca Laeticorticium minnsiae Phellinus ferreus Marasmius androsaceus Polyporus badius Notes: 1st occurrence of Tubaria punicea in the season No mycorrhizal fungi so far Sphaerobolus stellatus Stereum hirsutum Stereum ochraceoflavum Strobilurus trullisatus Trichaptum abietinum Tubaria punicea primordia Xeromphalina fulvipes Psathyrella olympiana Stereum hirsutum Strobilurus trullisatus Xeromphalina cornui Xeromphalina fulvipes November 8, 2012 Below the road along the ephemeral creek Along the paved road, right side above the main gate [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Clitocybe deceptiva Mycena citrinomarginata Rhytisma punctatum Coprinellus impatiens Mycena olivaceomarginata Strobilurus trullisatus Mycena amicta Mycena purpureofusca Tubaria hiemalis Below the paved road [3 Western red-cedar forest] Crepidotus applanatus NEW Lycoperdon perlatum Crucibulum laeve Mycena amicta Galerina vittiformis var. Mycena capillaris albescens f. bispora Mycena laevigata NEW Gomphidius smithii Mycena leptocephala Gomphidius subroseus Mycena parabolica Hericium erinaceus Mycena purpureofusca Heterotetus luteus Nolanea hebes Hymenoscyphus caudatus Pluteus cervinus Pluteus primus Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Simocybe sumptuosa Strobilurus trullisatus Suillus caerulescens Xeromphalina fulvipes Xylaria hypoylon Along the road on left side going up [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Crucibulum laeve Mycena amicta Gomphidius subroseus Strobilurus trullisatus Note: the first mycorrhizal fungi Gomphidius smithii, Gomphidius subroseus, & Suillus caerulescens 85

87 November 9, 2012 Ravine, open rock outcrops below the road, and continuing towards the boundary and up to the hairpin curve and back on the road Along the road from the first building to the start of the ravine [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Melanoleuca humilis Strobilurus trullisatus Rhytisma punctatum The ravine [3 Western red-cedar forest] Coniophora puteana Mycena maculata Mycena amicta Mycena purpureofusca Mycena citrinomarginata Mycena speirea Mycena clavata Phaeolus schweinitzii Mycena laevigata Phlebia livida Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Strobilurus trullisatus Typhula erythropus Tyromyces caesius Xeromphalina campanella By the road [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Rickenella fibula Below the road, open rock outcrop [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Galerina evelata var. evelata Mycena amicta Hymenochaete tabacina Strobilurus trullisatus In the forest below the rock outcrops [3 Western red-cedar forest] Dacrymyces palmatus Mycena leptocephala Mycena amicta Mycena pura Going up to the hairpin curve [2 Douglas-fir forest] Auriscalpium vulgare Psathyrella paradoa Mycena purpureofusca Suillus caerulescens Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Strobilurus trullisatus Tubaria furfuracea Dried dead salal and a reviving patch of Polystichum munitum By the road going up [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Chondrostereum purpureum Lycoperdon perlatum Clitocybe deceptiva Mycena amicta Clitocybe trulliformis Mycena citrinomarginata Mycena olivaceomarginata Tubaria hiemalis The only mycorrhizal mushroom was Suillus caerulescens November 12, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, margin of the mied forest [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Stopped at the hairpin curve to check Pholiota albocrenulata on Acer macrophyllum - none Panaeolus fimicola NEW Margin & ridge [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Deconica montana Lachnella alboviolascens Galerina tundrae NEW Mycena corticola Galerina vittiformis var. Mycena purpureofusca albescens f. tetraspora Phaeohelotium umbilicatum The ridge [2 Douglas-fir forest] Galerina veans NEW Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Note: No mycorrhizal fungi Rutstroemia sydowiana NEW Typhula erythropus 86 Strobillurus albipillatus Tubaria punicea

88 November 24, 2012 Behind the smaller dome By the picnic table margin [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Arrhenia spathulata Cytidia stereoides Astraeus hygrometricus Deconica montana Clitocybe dealbata Galerina evelata var. evelata Clitocybe elegantula Galerina pumila var. pumila Coprinopsis lagopus Galerina vittiformis var. Cortinarius cinnamomeus vittiformis f. vittiformis Cyathus ola Lichenomphalia umbellifera Cystoderma amianthinum Mycena corticola Cystoderma granulosum Mycena galopus Ridge [2 Douglas-fir forest] Antrodia malicola Clitocybe elegantula Crucibulum laeve Dacrymyces palmatus Galerina camerina Galerina oregonensis Galerina veans Gymnopilus penetrans Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Mycena amicta Mycena corticola Mycena epipterygia Mycena purpureofusca Mycena stannea Psathyrella longistriata Psathyrella olympiana Simocybe rubi Stereum hirsutum Mycena metata Mycena olivaceomarginata Mycena pura Nolanea fusciceps Nolanea hebes Peniophora incarnata Sphaerobolus stellatus Tubaria punicea Typhula erythropus Stereum ochraceoflavum Strobilurus albipilatus Strobilurus trullisatus Stropharia ambigua Suillus caerulescens Typhula erythropus Unknown blue agaric November 25, 1012 Behind the smaller dome, the ridge, then eastern slope to check Mucronella and back the same way Ridge [2 Douglas-fir forest] Cantharellula umbonata Clitocybe trulliformis Cystoderma amianthinum Galerina cedretorum var. cedretorum Galerina evelata var. evelata Galerina heterocystis Galerina pumila var. pumila Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Hebeloma lutense Hymenochaete tabacina Mycena adonis Mycena amicta Mycena corticola Mycena epipterygia Mycena filopes Mycena galopus Mycena purpureofusca Mycena speirea Mycena stannea Peniophora incarnata Phaeomarasmius rimulincola Psathyrella delineata NEW Psathyrella longistriata Psathyrella quercicola NEW Ramaricium flavomarginatum Simocybe rubi Stereum hirsutum Stereum ochraceoflavum Strobilurus trullisatus Stropharia ambigua Tetrapyrgos subdendrophora Trametes versicolor Trichaptum abietinum Typhula erythropus Xeromphalina campanella Xylaria hypoylon Open rock outcrop where we had a lunch [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Deconica montana Omphalina obscurata Eastern slope [2 Douglas-fir forest] Chrysomphalina aurantiaca Clitocybe elegantula Cystoderma falla Dacrymyces palmatus Galerina camerina Galerina castaneipes Galerina sideroides Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. vittiformis Gymnopilus sapineus 87 Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Hymenochaete tabacina Hypholoma fasciculare Lepiota castannea Mucronella fusiformis Mycena epipterygia

89 Mycena filopes Mycena purpureofusca Mycena sanguinolenta Pluteus cervinus Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Stereum hirsutum Stereum ochraceoflavum Strobilurus trullisatus Tapinella panuoides Xeromphalina fulvipes December 1, 2012 The ridge, to check the Unknown bleu agaric & Southern slope on the left side of the main gate Ridge [2 Douglas-fir forest] Chrysomphalina aurantiaca Strobilurus trullisatus Unknown blue agaric Southern slope [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Calocera cornea Micromphale arbuticola Clitocybe elegantula Mycena amicta Clitocybe trulliformis Mycena delicatella Cystoderma amianthinum Mycena pura Galerina heterocystis Mycena speirea Galerina jaapi f. jaapi Stereum hirsutum Hebeloma lutense Stereum ochraceoflavum Hymenochaete tabacina Strobilurus albipilatus Suillus caerulescens Suillus lakei Trametes versicolor Trichaptum abietinum Xeromphalina campanella Xylaria hypoylon December 2, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, the ridge, all the way to the fence and Sparassis crispa that did not show up. Ridge [2 Douglas-fir forest] Armillaria ostoyae Galerina sideroides Panellus stipticus Auriscalpium vulgare Galerina stylifera var. stylifera Phellinus ferreus Calocera cornea Gomphidius subroseus Pholiota decorata Cantharellula umbonata Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Pluteus cervinus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora Hebeloma lutense Psathyrella longistriata Clitocybe vibecina Heterotetus luteus Psathyrella quercicola Cystoderma amianthinum Hymenochaete tabacina Rhodocollybia butyracea Cystoderma granulosum Laeticorticium minnsiae Sphaerobolus stellatus Dacrymyces palmatus Leucopaillus albissimus Stereum hirsutum Unknown blue agaric Mycena amicta Stropharia ambigua Fomitopsis pinicola Mycena elegantula Suillus caerulescens Galerina evelata var. evelata Mycena epipterygia Tremella foliacea Galerina heterocystis Mycena maculata Tyromyces mollis Galerina marginata Mycena purpureofusca Xeromphalina campanella Galerina oregonensis Mycena rorida Xeromphalina fulvipes Galerina pumila var. pumila Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata December 4, 2012 Southern slope, net to the main gate, continuing on the trail up to the trail that goes down to the paved road, and going back on the paved road [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Agaricus hondensis Cystoderma amianthinum Gomphidius oregonensis Amphinema byssoides Dacrymyces palmatus Gomphidius smithii Antrodia malicola Dacrymyces stillatus Gymnopilus penetrans Armillaria ostoyae Galerina cinnamomea Hebeloma lutense Auriscalpium vulgare Galerina heterocystis Hydropus atramentosus NEW Bisporella citrina Galerina sideroides Hymenochaete tabacina Claudopus byssisedus Galerina vittiformis var. Inocybe lilacina Clitocybe trulliformis vittiformis f. tetraspora Lachnum brevipilosum Coltricia perennis Gomphidius glutinosus Lentaria pinicola 88

90 Lycoperdon pyriforme Marasmius plicatulus Melanotus horizontalis Mycena amicta Mycena delicatella Mycena maculata Mycena pura Mycena purpureofusca Mycena speirea Mycena supina Nolanea hirtipes Peniophora incarnata Phaeohelotium umbillicatum Pluteus romellii Polydesmia pruinosa Psathyrella sene Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Rhodocybe nitelina Rhytisma punctatum Rickenella fibula Schizopora paradoa Stereum hirsutum Stereum ochraceoflavum Stictis radiata Strobilurus albipilatus Tyromyces caesius Xeromphalina fulvipes Along the paved road, left side going up [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Claudopus byssisedus Galerina heterocystis flocculosa Cortinarius cinnamomeus Galerina vittiformis var. Inocybe lilacina Crucibulum laeve vittiformis f. tetraspora Nolanea hirtipes Cystoderma amianthinum Hebeloma lutense Suillus lakei Cystoderma granulosum Inocybe flocculosa var. December 12, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, the ridge and then the southern slope along the whole trail up to Leccinum manzanitae and back along the road Ridge [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Unknown blue agaric (newly grown fruiting bodies, this time on the side, lower down closer to the ground) Clitocybe elegantula Galerina heterocystis Mycena leptocephala Clitocybe trulliformis (pale Gymnopilus penetrans Mycena purpureofusca version) Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Rhodocollybia butyracea Cystoderma amianthinum Marasmius plicatulus Tubaria punicea Galerina evelata var. evelata Mycena amicta Southern slope [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Antrodia malicola Endogone pisiformis Auriscalpium vulgare Galerina vittiformis var. Bisporella citrina vittiformis f. tetraspora Clitocybe elegantula Gomphidius smithii Coltricia perennis Gymnopilus penetrans Cortinarius velenovskyi Helvella lacunosa Cystoderma granulosum Heterotetus luteus Dacrymyces palmatus Hypomyces cervinigenus Mycena amicta Omphalina obscurata Peniophora cinerea Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Suillus caerulescens Trichaptum abietinum Xeromphalina campanella Xylaria hypoylon December 14, 2012 Behind the smaller dome, the ridge, then the eastern slope, andmade the medium loop, and checked the Mucronella pulchra - ground frost on the parking lot met to the amateur astronomy hut Ridge [2 Douglas-fir forest] Cystoderma amianthinum Galerina heterocystis Galerina sideroides Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Mycena clavata Mycena corticola Mycena metata Polydesmia pruinosa Psathyrella longistriata Ramaricium flavomarginatum Stereum ochraceoflavum Eastern slope [2 Douglas-fir forest] Aleurodiscus penicillatus Cystoderma amianthinum Cystoderma granulosum Dacrymyces palmatus Fomitopsis pinicola Gymnopilus penetrans Hemimycena tortuosa Hypholoma capnoides Ischnoderma benzoinum 89

91 Mucronella pulchra Mucronella pendula NEW Mycena epipterygia Mycena purpureofusca Polydesmia pruinosa Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Rhodocollybia butyracea Schizopora paradoa Steccherinum ochraceum Stereum ochraceoflavum Tremiscus helvelloides Xylaria hypoylon December 21, 2012 Below the paved road, along the creek, up to the Corylus cornuta bush - with Hans Roemer & Ryan, met John and his dog Heidi Along the road, right side going up [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Auriscalpium vulgare Otidea onotica Tephrocybe oldae Inocybe geophylla Psathyrella paradoa Xeromphalina campanella Mycena amicta Suillus caerulescens Forest [3 Western red-cedar forest] Agaricus hondensis Auriscalpium vulgare Calocera viscosa Chromosera cyanophylla Clavulina cristata Coccomyces dentatus Crepidotus mollis Cryptoporus volvatus Cystoderma amianthinum Dacrymyces palmatus Fomitopsis pinicola Galerina cerina var. longicystis Galerina falla f. falla Galerina filiformis Galerina heterocystis Galerina pumila var. pumila Gomphidius glutinosus Gymnopilus penetrans Helvella lacunosa Hemimycena tortuosa Hydropus scabripes Hymenoscyphus imberbis Hyphodontia sambuci Hypomyces cervinigenus Inocybe geophylla Inocybe lilacina Inocybe pudica Laccaria amethysteooccidentalis Lachnum brevipilosum Lactarius subviscidus Lasiobelonium corticale NEW Marasmiellus candidus Melanoleuca stridula Mucronella pendula Mycena aurantiomarginata Mycena clavata Mycena delicatella Mycena haematopus var. marginata Mycena leptocephala Mycena maculata Mycena purpureofusca Mycena supina Nidula candida NEW Phaeohelotium umbillicatum Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Stereum hirsutum Stereum ochraceoflavum Tapesia fusca Tricholoma pardinum Tricholoma sulphureum Tyromyces caesius Tyromyces chioneus Xeromphalina campanella Xylaria hypoylon Along the road, left side going up [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Claudopus byssisedus Galerina heterocystis Laccaria amethysteocortinarius idahoensis Galerina vittiformis var. occidentalis Crucibulum laeve vittiformis f. vittiformis Ramaria myceliosa Cystoderma amianthinum Gomphidius subroseus December 24, 2012 Below the paved road, going to the ephemeral creek, over the ridge and older dead deer with 4 points (so far 6 dead deer, 5 male, 1 female) [3 Western red-cedar forest] Auriscalpium vulgare Gymnopilus picreus Mycena amicta Crepidotus mollis Hydnum umbilicatum Mycena griseoviridis var. Cystoderma amianthinum Hymenochaete tabacina cascadensis NEW Dacrymyces palmatus Jahnoporus hirtus Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Fomitopsis pinicola Laccaria laccata Rhodocybe roseiavellanea Galerina heterocystis Lactarius subviscidus Tricholoma sulphureum Galerina mammillata Marasmiellus candidus 90

92 January 6, 2013 Behind the smaller dome, the margin and the ridge, all way to the N end of the ridge Margin [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Cystoderma amianthinum Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Galerina heterocystis Mycena amicta Ridge [2 Douglas-fir forest] Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum Cystoderma amianthinum Dacrymyces palmatus Dendrothele candida Unknown blue agaric Galerina cinnamomea Galerina filiformis Galerina heterocystis Galerina sideroides Galerina unicolor Galerina vittiformis ver. vittiformis f. tetraspora Gymnopus fuscopurpureus Heterotetus luteus Hygrophoropsis olida Hymenochaete tabacina Mycena clavata Mycena filopes Mycena parabolica Mycena rorida Mycena speirea Mycena subsupina Tubaria punicea Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata Nolanea hirtipes Psathyrella vesiculocystis Rhodocybe nitelina Sarcomya serotina Stereum hirsutum Stereum ochraceoflavum Stictis radiata Tephrocybe platypus Trametes versicolor Tyromyces chioneus January 20, 2013 Behind the smaller dome to check the unknown blue agaric and then below the paved road [2 Douglas-fir forest] Antrodia malicola vittoformis f. tetraspora Tubaria punicea Cystoderma amianthinum Hyaloscypha vitreola Unknown blue agaric Galerina vittiformis var. Tapesia fusca Below the paved road [3 Western red-cedar forest] Galerina dimorphocystis var. Marasmiellus candidus dimorphocystis Mycena albissima Ganoderma applanatum Mycena amicta Hypocrea pulvinata Mycena parabolica Inocybe geophylla Mycena purpureofusca Inocybe pudica Oedohysterium insidens NEW Lactarius subviscidus Peniophora decorticans Lasiobelonium corticale Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Rhytisma punctatum Russula raoultii Stereum hirsutum Tyromyces caesius Tyromyces fragilis Xylaria hypoylon January 21, 2013 Continuing below the paved road Along the paved road, left side going up [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Galerina heterocystis roseipes NEW Rhytisma punctatum Helvella lacunosa Hypomyces cervinigenus Hygrophorus virgineus var. Inocybe pudica Below the road [3 Western red-cedar forest] Fomitopsis pinicola Hypholoma capnoides Hygrocybe miniata Mycena parabolica Hymenochaete tabacina Pseudohydnum gelatinosum 91 Stereum ochraceoflavum Tyromyces fragilis

93 January 25, 2013 Below the road along the creek from Hericium to the alder stand near the house close to the boundary Along the road, left side going up [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Galerina heterocystis Hemimycena tortuosa Mycena filopes Galerina vittiformis var. Hygrophorus virgineus var. Oedohysterium insidens vittiformis f. tetraspora roseipes Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Below the road [3 Western red-cedar forest] Clavaria vermicularis Inocybe fuscidula var. fuscidula Crepidotus mollis Inocybe inodora Dacrymyces palmatus Inocybe pudica Galerina dimorphocystis var. Mycena albissima dimorphocystis Mycena amicta Galerina heterocystis Mycena parabolica Ganoderma tsugae Mycena speirea Hygrocybe russocoriacea Nidula candida Hymenochaete tabacina Panellus longinquus Hyphodontia spathulata NEW Phellinus ferreus Hypocrea moravica NEW Phlebia radiata Phlebia rufa Psathyrella cernua Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Rhytisma punctatum Schizopora paradoa Steccherinum ochraceum Stereum hirsutum Stereum ochraceoflavum Trichaptum abietinum Tyromyces caesius Tyromyces fragilis February 3, 2013 Behind the smaller dome, up to the Douglas-fir stand behind the large oak log [2 Douglas-fir forest] Aleurodiscus penicillatus Mycena parabolica Ramaricium flavomarginatum Cylindrobasidium laeve Nemania aenea var. macrospora Stereum gausapatum NEW Unknown blue agaric NEW Stereum hirsutum Galerina heterocystis Oedohysterium insidens Stereum ochraceoflavum Galerina vittiformis var. Panellus stipticus Trametes versicolor vittiformis f. tetraspora Peniophora incarnata Trichaptum abietinum Hymenochaete corrugata NEW Phellinus ferreus Tubaria hiemalis Hymenochaete tabacina Phlebiella christiansenii Xylaria hypoylon Hyphodontia quercina Propolis versicolor Checked blue Unknown blue agaric, all old ones were there plus one small new blue February 15, 2013 Southern slope, only the slope near the main gate [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Galerina dimorphocystis var. Hysterographium fleuosum Propolis versicolor dimorphocystis NEW Stereum ochraceoflavum Galerina heterocystis Melanotus horizontalis Stictis radiata Hymenochaete tabacina Peniophora incarnata Trametes versicolor Hyphoderma argillaceum Phellinus ferreus February 20, 2013 Behind the smaller dome, ridge, then to the eastern slope and up to Thuja plicata patches Ridge [2 Douglas-fir forest] Auriscalpium vulgare Basidiodendron eyrei Unknown blue agaric (2 nice blue on the original spot and one now brown and one old brown) Fomitopsis pinicola Galerina dimorphocystis var. dimorphocystis Galerina heterocystis Galerina pumila var. pumila Hyaloscypha vitreola Hymenochaete corrugata Hymenochaete fuliginosa NEW 92 Hymenochaete tabacina Hyphodontia aspera Hyphodontia spathulata Mollisia cinerea Multiclavula mucida NEW Mycena delicatella Mycena maculata

94 Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata Panellus stipticus Phanerochaete sanguinea Phlebiella christiansenii Schizopora paradoa Stereum ochraceoflavum Tapesia fusca Trametes versicolor Trechispora microspora Trichaptum abietinum Tubulicrinis subulatus Tyromyces fragilis Vuileminia cystidiata NEW Eastern slope [2 Douglas-fir forest] Aleurodiscus penicillatus Botryobasidium candicans Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum Chrysomphalina aurantiaca Clavaria tenuipes NEW Dacrymyces palmatus Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora Heterotetus luteus Hygrocybe miniata Hygrocybe psittacina Hygrocybe singeri Hymenochaete tabacina Hyphodontia floccosa Inocybe lilacina Mycena filopes Mycena parabolica Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Rhodocybe aureicystidiata Rhytisma punctatum Tephrocybe platypus February 27, 2013 Behind the smaller dome to check Unknown blue agaric and look for Vuilleminia and then below the paved road up to the John s reservoir and back Behind the smaller dome up to the Unknown blue agaric log [2 Douglas-fir forest] Aleurodiscus aurantius Neodasyscypha cervina NEW Psilocybe inquilina Unknown blue agaric no Peniophora cinerea Stereum sanguinolentum change, 2 blue and 2 brownish Peniophora incarnata Below the road [3 Western red-cedar forest] Ceriporia purpurea Galerina vittiformis var. Chromosera cyanophylla vittiformis f. vittiformis Clavaria tenuipes Geoglossum umbratile Clavulina cristata Hygrocybe miniata Galerina dimorphocystis var. Lachnellula calyciformis dimorphocystis Lactarius argillaceifolius var. Galerina heterocystis megacarpus NEW Mycena maculata Mycena metata Mycena parabolica Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Schizopora paradoa Stereum ochraceoflavum Tremelodendropsis tuberosa March 3, 2013 Below the paved road By the road, left side going up [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Inocybe lilacina Below the paved road along the ephemeral creek up to the alder stand near the house on the boundary [3 Western red-cedar forest] Antrodia malicola dimorphocystis Meruliopsis corium Auriscalpium vulgare Galerina heterocystis Mycena adonis Bisporella subpallida Galerina vittiformis var. Mycena amicta Chondrostereum purpureum vittiformis f. tetraspora Mycena leptocephala Clavaria tenuipes Hydnum umbilicatum Mycena parabolica Clavaria vermicularis Hydropus scabripes Nolanea holoconiota Clavulinopsis laeticolor Hymenochaete tabacina Peniophora cinerea Clitocybe harmajae Hyphoderma setigerum Peniophora decorticans Crepidotus mollis Hyphodermella corrugata Phellinus ferreus Dacrymyces ovisporus Hypholoma capnoides Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Dacrymyces palmatus Hypocrea pulvinata Psilocybe inquilina Fomitopsis pinicola Lachnellula gallica Radulomyces confluens Galerina dimorphocystis var. Marasmiellus candidus Ramaria rubricarnata var. verna 93

95 NEW Schizopora paradoa Steccherinum oreophilum Stereum ochraceoflavum Stereum sanguinolentum Stictis radiata Tubulicrinis glebulosus Tyromyces fragilis Xeromphalina fulvipes Xylaria hypoylon March 17, 2013 The ridge to check Unknown blue agaric & ravine Ridge [2 Douglas-fir forest] Galerina dimorphocystis var. dimorphocystis Unknown blue agaric GONE Ravine [3 Western red-cedar forest] Dencoeliopsis johnstonii NEW Galerina vittiformis var. vittiformis f. tetraspora Mycena albissima Nolanea cetrata f. cetrata Nolanea cetrata f. mediospora Nolanea holoconiota Mycena amicta Mycena leptocephala Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Stereum ochraceoflavum Tubaria conspersa Xylaria sp. NEW By the road [1 Garry oak, rock outcrops & roadsides] Agrocybe praeco dimorphocystis Galerina dimorphocystis var. Stereum sanguinolentum 94 Tremella encephala

96 Photographs of selected fungi encountered on Observatory Hill All the photographs were taken on Observatory Hill by Dr. Adolf Ceska during the 2012/2013 survey

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