Study Guide for The Americas
|
|
- Rebecca Foster
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Government Type Democratic Principals Rights and Responsibilities compared to US citizens Study Guide for The Americas How to study for your Assessments: START EARLY NOT THE NIGHT BEFORE THE TEST! Read through your Study Guide multiple times, then cover up part of it and see if you can say it back without looking. Read through the Study Guide some more and highlight the material that you can't say back. Read through the Study Guide some more, only looking at the highlighted parts. Use a different color highlighter to re-highlight the material you still don t know. Read through the Study Guide some more, only looking at the newly highlighted material. If there is material that you still don t know, use a 3 rd highlighter color to mark that stuff. When you read the Guide again, only look at that 3 rd color highlighted material. Keep going like this until you feel pretty confident that you know the material. Record yourself reading the material that you don t know well and listen to the playback while you do chores or are in the car. Draw little pictures of important ideas, or make up rhymes to help you remember. Have a family member quiz you over the material. Get with a friend and take turns asking each other test questions over the material. GOVERNMENT TARGETS I can compare the source of power in this government to other governments. The Maya set up city states. Within each city state, kings supplied the leadership and military force for great building projects. Leadership passed from one king to the next, and the city states often fought with each other. The rulers of Mayan city-states said they were descended from the sun. They claimed the right to rule as god-kings and expected every person to serve them. Service included building huge monuments to honor them. The Aztec were ruled by strong kings who claimed descent from the gods. The capital was Tenochtitlan. A council of warriors, priests, and nobles picked each king from the royal family. Council members usually chose the last king's son, but not always. They looked for a king who would bring glory to the Aztec. They expected a king to prove himself by leading troops into battle. Although Montezuma II became known as the leader who let the Spanish capture the Aztec Empire, most of his years as a ruler had been very successful. He led his armies in battle and won over 40 battles against kingdoms south of the Aztec Empire. His one major mistake was in his dealings with the Spanish conquistadors. The Inca Pachacuti and his son, Topa Inca, built the largest ancient empire in the Americas. Pachacuti set up a strong central government but let local rulers stay in power. To ensure their loyalty, he took their sons to the capital, Cuzco, for training. Pachacuti united the empire by requiring that people learn Quechua, the language spoken by the Inca. He also designed a system of roads that united the empire. North American Peoples did not form empires. Their local groups were generally ruled by chiefs and councils. I can describe how this government used democratic principles (justice, equality, responsibility, freedom). The Iroquois League: The Iroquois formed the league to end the fighting among themselves. The Iroquois Confederacy, also known as the Iroquois League, was governed by the Iroquois Great Council. Each Iroquois nation sent leaders to the Great Council, where they agreed on political decisions through discussion and voting. Although these politicians were called "chiefs," they were actually elected officials, chosen by the clan mothers (or matriarchs) of each tribe. Each individual nation also had its own tribal council to make local decisions. This is similar to how American states each have their own government, but all are subject to the greater US government. In fact, the Iroquois League was one of the examples of representative democracy used as a model by America's founding fathers. They incorporated many of the democratic principles of the League into the Constitution itself. The six tribes had a common council and each tribe had one vote. They always tried to work out their differences and make decisions in complete agreement. These communities were fond of having meetings where issues were discussed and people voted. The Iroquois Nation was known for its democratic principles and its fair treatment of women at a time when women had few rights in the Western world. I can compare the rights and responsibilities of individuals in this culture to the rights and responsibilities of US citizens today. Maya: Women played a large role in the Mayan city states. In one Mayan carving, a woman wears a war headdress and rides atop a platform carried by soldiers. In the city state of Calakmul, at least two women served as all powerful queens. One of them may have helped to found the city. Iroquois Society: women assumed a position in Iroquois society roughly equal in power to that of the men. Women could hold property, divorce, and had a say in political decisions. The clans were matrilineal, that is, clan ties were traced through the mother's line. In the USA, the rights and responsibilities of citizens are similar for either gender. One exception is that male citizens aged are required to register for the military draft while female citizens are not. Aztec: The people of the Aztec empire had compulsory education for everyone, regardless of gender or class. In the end, people in the Aztec society were generally well educated, though boys received a wider education than girls. In the USA, education is also compulsory for all children, but gender is not a factor in the amount of education a child receives.
2 Elements of Culture Social Institutions influence on behavior Impact of Cultural Differences CULTURE TARGETS I can explain how cultural elements in this society helped define this group and give them unique perspectives. Beliefs Mayans - As god kings, Mayan rulers taught their subjects how to please the gods. One way was human sacrifice. The Maya believed that the gods gave their life giving fluid, rain, to keep humans strong. So humans kept the gods strong by giving their own life giving fluid, blood. Both queens and kings turned to Mayan priests for advice. The priests thought gods revealed their plans through movements of the sun, moon, and stars, so they studied the heavens closely. Aztecs the Aztecs also believed that human sacrifice and bloodletting were pleasing to the gods. They often went to war in order to gain captives to sacrifice. Customs/traditions Mayans - Scholars think that a Mayan ball game was more than a sport or contest. It had a religious and symbolic meaning as well as deadly results. The losing team was sacrificed to the gods in a ceremony after the game. Language Native Americans spoke hundreds of languages. A system of hand signals was developed to facilitate trade and communicate between different tribal groups and later between Native Americas and trappers and traders. The Mayan and Aztec languages were written in hieroglyphics. Symbols represented sounds, words, or ideas. Maya - The Maya also invented a written language to record numbers and dates. Inca had no written language. Quechua was the language spoken by the Inca. Skills Inca - To please their gods, the Inca built large works of stone. They had no system of writing, no wheels, and no iron tools. Yet they built places like Machu Picchu, a retreat for Incan kings. The Inca were skilled engineers. Workers fit stones so tightly together that a knife could not slip between them. Because the Inca used no mortar, the stone blocks could slide up and down without collapsing whenever an earthquake rocked the earth. Building large structures required the Inca to develop a way to do mathematical calculations. The Inca used a quipu, a rope with knotted cords of different lengths and colors. Each knot represented a number or item, which was also a way of keeping records. Arts The Maya, Aztec, and Inca cultures had artisans skilled in stone carving, pottery making, jewelry making, and feather work. The Native American cultures developed various art forms including basketry, weaving, pottery, beadwork, and wood carving. I can investigate how social institutions in this society responded to human needs, structured society, and influenced behavior. Social Classes Aztec - The king, or emperor, was at the top of Aztec society. The rest of the population fell into four classes: nobles, commoners, unskilled laborers, and enslaved people. Commoners formed the largest group, working as farmers, artisans, or traders. They could join the noble class by performing one act of bravery in war. They, or their children if the soldier died, received land and the rank of noble. Inca The king was at the top of society, followed by the head priest and commander of the armies, followed by regional army leaders. Below them were temple priests, army commanders, and skilled workers musicians, artisans, and accountants. The bottom level consisted of farmers, herders, and ordinary soldiers. The Inca further divided society into 12 job categories. Within these, every man, woman, and child over age five had work to do. Young girls, for example, were babysitters, while young boys chased birds from gardens. Religion The various cultures native to the Americas were polytheistic, worshipping many gods. Maya- The Maya believed that the gods controlled everything that happened on Earth. As a result, religion was at the core of Mayan life. A huge pyramid with a temple at the top towered over every city. Aztec The Aztec also honored the gods with huge pyramids. In the center of Tenochtitlán, the Great Temple rose 135 feet high and had more than 100 steps. Thousands of victims were sacrificed to the gods there. Inca - The Inca rarely honored their gods with human sacrifice. They turned to sacrifice only in times of trouble, such as during earthquakes, or on special occasions. Priests most often sacrificed children, whom they thought were more pure than adults. The Inca worshiped the sacrificed children as gods. I can explain how interactions between this society and others led to conflict, compromise, and cooperation. Conflict Spanish conquistadors (soldier-explorers) conquered many areas in the Americas in the name of Spain. The conquistadors fought for Gold (for the king and themselves), Glory (fame), and God (to force the natives to be Catholic). They were able to conquer using superior technology (guns, cannons, stronger metals) and the help of invisible allies germs that carried diseases, such as measles and smallpox. These diseases would eventually kill more natives than the Spanish swords. Aztec - In June 1521, the Spanish, led by Hernán Cortés and helped by native allies who resented the Aztecs, destroyed the Aztec capital and empire. Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of Spain. Cortés was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Inca - Francisco Pizarro was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas in Pizarro's conquest of Peru opened most of South America to Spanish rule. Spain controlled a vast territory covering 375,000 square miles with almost 7 million inhabitants. It was on its way to building the world's first global empire. Compromise/cooperation Maya - Royal Mayan women often married into royal families in distant Mayan city-states. This practice strengthened trade. It also helped form alliances political agreements between people or states to work together. Native Americans - In a few cases, Native Americans in the Woodlands set up confederations, or governments that link several groups. The most famous was the league formed by the Iroquois.
3 Scarcity: decisions about use of natural resources, human resources, & capital goods Supply & Demand How are goods & services exchanged Productivity increases from new knowledge, tools, & ECONOMICS TARGETS I can explain how scarcity required this civilization to make decisions about how to use productive resources. Native Americans had to use whatever natural resources the land had to offer. As a result, they developed many different cultures suited to where they lived. Scarcity of certain resources in their environments caused cultures to migrate, to trade, and to war with others who had the desired resources. Over time, scarcity of resources caused some cultures to die out altogether. Teotihuacán, the first planned city in the Americas, declined due to scarcity of one sort or another. Some experts say overpopulation drained the city of food and resources. Others blame a long drought, or period without rain. Still others say that the poor people rebelled against their rich rulers who were keeping most of the resources for themselves. I can explain how supply and demand functioned in this civilization. The Moche had reliable food supplies. This wealth of food freed the Moche to make and trade other things. Moche traders exchanged goods with people as far away as the rain forests of the Amazon River valley. These goods included pottery, cloth, and jewelry. The Olmec enjoyed rich farming resources, but other raw materials were scarce. They traded salt and beans with inland peoples to get jade for jewelry and obsidian, or volcanic glass, to make sharp-edged knives. They used other trade goods, such as hematite, a shiny volcanic stone, to make polished mirrors and basalt for carving gigantic stone heads. The Toltec - Toltec rulers tightly controlled trade. They held a monopoly, or sole right, to the trade in obsidian. As a result, the Toltec kept other people from making weapons to challenge them. The Aztec copied their ways. Aztec warriors then took control of the region's trade and built a huge empire. The Anasazi culture controlled the trade in turquoise. They used it like money, to buy goods from many different regions including Mesoamerica. I can describe how goods and services were exchanged by this civilization. The Olmec used their region s many rivers as highways for trade. The Maya used their central location in the Yucatán Peninsula to trade throughout Mesoamerica. Mayan traders in sea going canoes paddled along the coast, perhaps reaching as far as the present-day United States. The Aztec - Cortes reported that he found a large market system in place in the Aztec capital city, where 60,000 people came to trade goods. During the Aztec Empire, the distribution of goods was so widespread that many of the materials traded were mass-produced in villages. A long-trade exchange system was in place throughout the Aztec Empire, with professional traders carrying goods such as bird feathers, cacao beans and, most importantly, information. For currency they used gold jewelry, textiles, cacao beans, and beaten copper axes. The Inca had a widespread trade network supported by open markets and a system of roads throughout their empire. Llama caravans carried goods on these roads. I can give examples of ways this civilization was able to increase productivity through inventions and innovations. The Maya needed to know when to plant their crops. By watching the sky, the priests learned about astronomy. They developed a 365-day calendar to keep track of heavenly movements. They used it to predict eclipses and to schedule religious festivals, plantings, and harvests. To chart the passage of time, the Maya developed a system of mathematics. They invented a method of counting based on 20.
4 Relative Location Human Environment Interactions GEOGRAPHY TARGETS I can recognize where on the Earth this civilization was located. A number of civilizations developed in the Americas, including the Olmec, Maya, and Toltec in Central America and Mexico, and the Moche and Inca in South America. All were dependent on farming. In North America, the Anasazi farming civilization arose in the Southwest and the mound-building Adenas, Hopewells, and Mississippians in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. The Inuit settled the Arctic regions of present-day Canada and Alaska. I can describe how this society s human/environment interactions impacted human activities and the environment. Exploration - Western European kingdoms knew that money could be made if they could find a way to trade with the countries of East Asia without having to deal with the Muslim kingdoms in between. One by one, the people of Western Europe took to the sea to find a route to Asia. The voyages of Christopher Columbus, who sailed west to the Americas four times for Spain, inspired many poor nobles to go to America to seek their fortunes. Vasco Núñez de Balboa led a band of soldiers across the jungle covered mountains of present day Panama, looking for an empire filled with gold. Balboa found the sea, known today as the Pacific Ocean. Migration - By testing the age of bones and tools at ancient campsites, scientists estimate that the first people arrived in the Americas between 15,000 to 40,000 years ago during an Ice Age. As the ice froze and the seas fell, an area of dry land was exposed between Asia and Alaska. Scientists call this land bridge Beringia. They think that people in Asia followed the animals they were hunting across this land bridge into the Americas. Over thousands of years, prehistoric people migrated southward through the Americas in search of food. They fished and gathered nuts, fruits, or roots. They also hunted massive prey, such as the woolly mammoth, antelope, caribou, and bison. Settlement - Farming began in Mesoamerica 9,000 to 10,000 years ago. This region includes lands stretching from the Valley of Mexico to Costa Rica in Central America. The first crops grown in the Americas included pumpkins, peppers, squash, gourds, and beans. Corn, also known as maize, became the most important food in the Americas. Activities limited or promoted by environment - The Anasazi began building villages under overhanging cliffs around A.D Many scholars believe they settled in the cliffs for protection from the weather and from other groups. They did not rely only on rivers for irrigation. They collected water that ran off cliffs during heavy rains and channeled it to their fields. The Inuit built igloos, dome shaped homes, from blocks of ice and snow. They used dogsleds to travel on land and sealskin kayaks to travel by sea. Most peoples of the Far North hunted. The Pacific Northwest cultures used huge trees to build wooden houses, carve totem poles, and make huge oceangoing canoes. Fishing was their way of life. The Southwest peoples used irrigation canals to farm the dry land and sun-dried brick called adobe to build their apartment-like homes. The Great Plains people farmed in the fertile land along rivers and hunted the huge herds of buffalo that grazed on the grasslands. The Eastern Woodlands people combined farming with hunting and fishing. Human modifications of environment- The Moche dug canals that carried water from rivers in the Andes mountain ranges to their desert homeland. Because of this irrigation, the desert bloomed with crops. The Hohokam planted gardens on lands between the Salt and Gila Rivers in the Southwest. They dug more than 500 miles of canals to carry river waters to their fields. The Mississippians built earthen mounds. Their mounds were pyramid shaped but with flat tops. The base of the biggest one covered 16 acres, more than the base of the Great Pyramid of Egypt. The finished mound, known today as Monks Mound, rose more than 100 feet high. From the mound's summit, rulers gazed down at dozens of smaller mounds. The flat tops of the mounds held temples, homes for the rich, and burial places. The Inca used terraced farming on the mountainsides and created a transportation system of roads in their empire.
5 Biggest Impacts on the future and today s cultures HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE TARGETS I can analyze how this civilization influenced or had lasting impacts on modern societies. Chocolate - The Aztec ruler Montezuma found chocolate more desirable than gold! He offered the bitter tasting drink made from the cacao bean to Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés. The explorer took the bean back to Europe after conquering the Aztec. After Europeans mixed it with milk and sugar, it became very popular among the rich. In the United States, people eat an average of 12 pounds of chocolate each year. Hawaii is the only state that grows cacao beans, but the United States has more than 1,000 companies that produce chocolate and cocoa products. Foods -Edible plants domesticated by Indians have become major staples in the diets of peoples all around the world. Such foods include corn (maize), manioc, potatoes, sweet potatoes, peanuts, squashes and pumpkins, tomatoes, papayas, avocados, pineapples, guavas, chili peppers, chocolate (cacao), and many species of beans. Native Americans helped the European settlers survive in the New World by sharing their farming methods with them. Non-edible plants - Other plants of great importance developed by Indians include cotton, rubber, and tobacco. Medicines - Indians discovered the medicinal use for quinine as a treatment for malaria. Also, Canadian Indians knew how to prevent scurvy by eating plants rich in vitamin C, and they passed this information along to the Europeans. Economy - Indian contributions to the modern world's economy have been enormous. In the 1500's, Indian labor produced the gold and other valuable metals that helped bring the Spanish Empire to the height of its power. In the following centuries, Indian labor in the North American fur trade contributed significantly to the wealth of England, France, the Netherlands, and Russia. In addition, for hundreds of years the agricultural economies of the Latin American nations have been based on Indian labor on plantations. Government - Indian governments in eastern North America, particularly the League of the Iroquois, served as models of federated representative democracy to the Europeans and the American colonists. The United States government is based on such a system, whereby power is distributed between a central authority (the federal government) and smaller political units (the states). In 1988, Congress adopted a resolution to acknowledge the contribution of the Iroquois Confederacy of Nations to the development of the United States Constitution. The original framers of the Constitution, including George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, are known to have greatly admired the concepts of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. The confederation of the original Thirteen Colonies into one republic was influenced by the Iroquois Confederacy as were many of the democratic principals which were incorporated into the Constitution itself.
made it seem like a bad location at first glance)
Early Americas ! Yucatan Peninsula (modern day Guatemala)! Dense rainforest blocked out the sun (which made it seem like a bad location at first glance)! Swamps and sinkholes provided the Maya with a
More information2.1 Why and how did humans first come to north America?
2.1 Why and how did humans first come to north America? Objective you are going to analyze 10 native cultures of North and South America. The Many Native groups in America had a wide variety of beliefs
More informationSSWH8 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the development of societies in Central and South America.
SSWH8 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the development of societies in Central and South America. a. Explain the rise and fall of the Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, and Inca empires. Olmecs were
More informationThey built a magnificent city called Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City).
Aztecs arrived in the Valley of Mexico in 1100s (central Mexico, including present day Mexico City). They built a magnificent city called Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City). Diorama of Tenochtitlan This was
More informationThe Civilizations of America
The Civilizations of America advanced societies were developing in isolation in the Americas While classical civilizations were developing in the Mediterranean & Asia Text Title During the Neolithic Revolution,
More informationGovernment city-states
Government All Maya people shared the same religious beliefs, had the same social structure, and used the same written language. However, they lived in different city-states (a Maya city and the land it
More informationFall of the Aztec & Inca Civilizations
Fall of the Aztec & Inca Civilizations Part Two Discuss with your Elbow Buddy: 1. Describe the Incan Empire. 2. Describe the Aztec Empire. 3. How are they similar and different? Christopher Columbus asks
More informationName Class Date. Down 1. The Maya built these buildings to. 2. The Aztec leader killed by the. 4. He and his troops conquered the
Name Class Date The Early Americas BIG IDEAS 1. The Maya developed a civilization that thrived in Mesoamerica from about 250 until the 900s. 2. The strong Aztec Empire, founded in central Mexico in 1325,
More informationFall of the Aztec & Incan Empires
Fall of the Aztec & Incan Empires Unit Seven Notes Bennett Warm Up! Discuss with your Elbow Buddy: 1. Describe the Incan Empire. 2. Describe the Aztec Empire. 3. How are they similar and different? Spain
More informationLesson 1: Migration to the Americas
Lesson 1 Summary Lesson 1: Migration to the Americas Use with pages 54 57. Vocabulary Ice Age a long period of extreme cold glacier a thick sheet of ice migrate to move theory an explanation for something
More informationThe Native American Experience
The Native American Experience NATIVE PEOPLE AND GROUPS The First Americans Archaeologists believe that migrants from Asia crossed a land bridge between Siberia and Alaska sometime between 13,000 and 3,000
More informationPlain Local 5 th Grade Social Studies SLO
Plain Local 5 th Grade Social Studies SLO Early Civilizations of Western Hemisphere 1. Short Answer: Describe two reasons why the Mayans designed their cities using this layout. Use the picture below to
More informationFall of the Aztec & Incan Empires
Fall of the Aztec & Incan Empires Spain Vs. Portugal Christopher Columbus asks both countries to sponsor his voyage--spain agrees. Portugal saw the wealth that Spain was gaining, and wanted to be part
More informationMAYANS. The Mayans lived on the Yucatan Peninsula (in brown, right). This civilization flourished between 300 and 900 CE.
MAYANS The Mayans lived on the Yucatan Peninsula (in brown, right). This civilization flourished between 300 and 900 CE. The Mayans had one of the most advanced civilizations in the Americas. They built
More informationLesson 1: The Voyages of Columbus
Lesson 1 Summary Lesson 1: The Voyages of Columbus Use with pages 134 138. Vocabulary expedition a journey made for a special purpose colony a settlement far from the country that rules it Columbian Exchange
More informationThe World before the Opening of the Atlantic BEGINNINGS 1500
The World before the Opening of the Atlantic BEGINNINGS 1500 What you will Learn Buffalo graze on the plains in South Dakota. Millions of these animals used to roam lands from Canada to Texas. In this
More informationCIVILIZATIONS OF EARLY CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA
CIVILIZATIONS OF EARLY CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA STANDARD 6-4.3: COMPARE THE CONTRIBUTIONS AND THE DECLINE OF THE MAYA, AZTEC, AND INCA CIVILIZATIONS IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA, INCLUDING THEIR FORMS
More informationGuided Reading. netw rks. The Maya. The Americas. Lesson 2 Life in the Americas ESSENTIAL QUESTION. Identifying Answer these questions about the Maya.
Guided Reading Lesson 2 Life in the Americas ESSENTIAL QUESTION What makes a culture unique? The Maya Identifying Answer these questions about the Maya. 1. Where was the Maya civilization located? 2. From
More informationAncient Mayans. KP Classroom
Ancient Mayans The Mayans were an ancient American group of people that lived in areas of Central America and Mexico from 1500 BC until around 900 AD. Because the Mayans were untouched by other people
More informationList any questions that you have pertaining about the Economics Unit we just finished.
Unit 2: Native American Cultures Do now Beringia Native American Cultures Exit slip The Arrival of Men (worksheet) I can explain the Beringia Land Theory. American Heritage: Native Americans 21:52 By:
More informationBasic parts of a friendly letter: Heading, greeting, body, closing, and signature
Name Grading Criteria Basic parts of a friendly letter: Heading, greeting, body, closing, and signature (10 points) Ideas: 1. Why should your family give you more resources to explore the area and civilization?
More informationTHREE WORLDS MEET CHAPTER 1 SECTION 1: PEOPLING THE AMERICAS SECTION 2: NORTH AMERICAN SOCIETIES AROUND Mitten CSHS AMAZ History Semester 1
THREE WORLDS MEET CHAPTER 1 SECTION 1: PEOPLING THE AMERICAS SECTION 2: NORTH AMERICAN SOCIETIES AROUND 1492 Mitten CSHS AMAZ History Semester 1 Peopling the Americas Three Worlds Meet Main Idea - In ancient
More informationName Period. Maya, Aztec & Inca Civilizations Latin America Notes. The Maya
Name Period Maya, Aztec & Inca Civilizations Latin America Notes Class Objective: The Maya From. is known as the of Mayan civilization. Mayan Geography Central America: Rugged terrain, hilly Tropical Climate
More informationEarly Civilizations of Middle America. Chapter 2, Section 1
Early Civilizations of Middle America Chapter 2, Section 1 The Mayas and the Aztecs Map pg. 39 What color represents the Mayas? The Aztecs? What are the current day locations? Were the two civilizations
More informationSection 1. Objectives
Objectives Analyze the results of the first encounters between the Spanish and Native Americans. Explain how Cortés and Pizarro gained control of the Aztec and Inca empires. Understand the short-term and
More informationEARLY AMERICAS. Ice age and the Olmec
EARLY AMERICAS Ice age and the Olmec LAND BRIDGE Beringia- Land bridge that connects Asia and America. Large glaciers during the Ice Age locked up water so that it was possible to walk across on land Animals
More informationWESTERN HEMISPHERE CIVILIZATIONS. Isolation from Eastern Hemisphere
THE AMERICAS WESTERN HEMISPHERE CIVILIZATIONS Isolation from Eastern Hemisphere c. 250 CE c. 900 CE Heirs of Olmecs Ceremonial center at Kaminaljuyu (held a relationship with Teotihuacan) Large cities
More informationThe Earliest Americans. Chapter 1 Section 1
The Earliest Americans Chapter 1 Section 1 Terms to Know Migration a movement of people or animals from one region to another Environments--climates and landscapes that surround living things Culture--
More informationMaya, Inca, Aztec. Notes
Maya, Inca, Aztec Notes Directions Ok. This homework is on you. ANYTHING YOU ADD TO YOUR NOTES MUST BE DONE IN A DIFFERENT COLORED WRITING UTENSIL 1. Reread the text and compare it to the information powerpoints;
More informationNorth American Societies
Name CHAPTER 16 Section 1 (pages 441 445) North American Societies BEFORE YOU READ In the last section, you read about diverse societies in Africa. In this section, you will read about diverse societies
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3
Slide 1 Student Handouts, Inc. www.studenthandouts.com Slide 2 Paleo-Indians Paleo from palaios ( ancient in Greek) Indians from Columbus mistake Beringia Ice sheet across the Bering Strait that connected
More informationBefore Contact with Europeans
Before Contact with Europeans Introduction Migration to the Americas Early migrations from northern Asia to Alaska occurred 35,000 to 15,000 years ago Some contact with Polynesians possible Geography Great
More informationDecember 11, Study Guide
Epic Epic Epic Study Guide "Hands down, this is the best study guide I've ever seen," - Abraham Lincoln Bonjour! I wish I were alive today so that I myself might be able to complete this study guide. Au
More informationNorth American Native Americans
North American Native Americans Introduction While the civilizations of the Maya, Aztec, and Inca were flourishing in Mesoamerica and South America, distinct civilizations were also emerging in North America.
More informationCities and Empires:Great Civilizations of
Cities and Empires:Great Civilizations of Mexico, Central America, and South America Guiding Question: What civilizations in Mexico, Central America, and South America predated the arrival of Europeans?
More informationMesoamerica. "Mesoamerican Art & The "Horse" Controversy." Lehis Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 June 2014.
Mesoamerica \ The Mesoamerican culture was developed in ways similar to and different from those in the other parts of the world. This culture also influenced the development of the rest of the world and
More informationThe Aztec Empire: The Last Great Native Civilization in Mesoamerica
The Aztec Empire: The Last Great Native Civilization in Mesoamerica By History.com, adapted by Newsela staff on 08.20.17 Word Count 665 Level 790L An Aztec dancer poses for a photo during a ceremony celebrating
More informationClash of Cultures: Cortes Conquers Moctezuma and the Aztecs
Clash of Cultures: Cortes Conquers Moctezuma and the Aztecs By USHistory.org, adapted by Newsela staff on 03.21.17 Word Count 751 Titled "Entrance of Cortes into Mexico," this illustration shows Spain's
More informationClash of Cultures: Two Worlds Collide By UShistory.org 2017
Name: Class: Clash of Cultures: Two Worlds Collide By UShistory.org 2017 The Aztec empire was an advanced civilization that ruled in Mexico before Spanish explorers arrived. This informational text discusses
More informationCortes and Pizarro, Columbian Exchange, and Colonial Empires
Cortes and Pizarro, Columbian Exchange, and Colonial Empires Arrival of Spanish to Mexico Cortes came in 1519 Claimed land for Spain s king and queen He took 11 ships, 100 sailors, 500 soldiers, cannons,
More informationAztec and Inca Review
Aztec and Inca Review Why take the risk? The Spanish took the great risk of exploring unknown land because: They wanted to obtain more gold and silver. They wanted to claim more land. They wanted to spread
More informationAztecs arrived in the Valley of Mexico in 1100s (central Mexico, including present day Mexico City).
Part One Aztecs arrived in the Valley of Mexico in 1100s (central Mexico, including present day Mexico City). They wandered about looking for a home site until 1325. Aztecs finally settled on an island
More informationEconomy The Inca government also controlled the economy. Instead of paying taxes, Incas had to pay their government in labor (usually several weeks pe
Government The Inca were ruled by one person. He was known as the Sapa Inca. The Sapa Inca was considered to be a descendant of the sun god. He owned all land and made all laws. He was responsible for
More informationEARLY AMERICAS. Ice age and the Olmec
EARLY AMERICAS Ice age and the Olmec LAND BRIDGE Beringia- Land bridge that connects Asia and America. Large glaciers during the Ice Age locked up water so that it was possible to walk across on land Animals
More informationFebruary 10, Study Guide
Epic Epic Epic Study Guide "Hands down, this is the best study guide I've ever seen," - Abraham Lincoln Bonjour! I wish I were alive today so that I myself might be able to complete this study guide. Au
More informationText 1: Conquistadores Arrive in the Americas. Topic 2 Lesson 1: Spanish Colonization and New Spain
Text 1: Conquistadores Arrive in the Americas Topic 2 Lesson 1: Spanish Colonization and New Spain Conquistadors Bernal Díaz del Castillo was one of the many Spanish conquistadors or conquerors, who marched
More informationNatives & Europeans Collide Study Guide
Natives & Europeans Collide Study Guide 1. Locate Spain on the Map. 2. Locate France on a Map. 3. Locate England on the Map. England Spain France HINT: Elmo Fell & SPrained his ankle 4. What country did
More informationCivilizations of Middle America LEARNING TARGETS
Civilizations of Middle America LEARNING TARGETS I can find out what Mayan civilization was like Learn and explain how the Aztecs built their empire Show what kind of society they created Explain what
More informationLesson 3 - North American Peoples. What Makes a Culture Unique?
Lesson 3 - North American Peoples What Makes a Culture Unique? Early Native American groups of North America adapted to their environments Advanced cultures developed in parts of North America long before
More informationCivilizations of the Americas
Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Chapter 7, Section World History: Connection to Today Chapter 7 Civilizations of the
More informationhapter 3 Lesson 1: The Earliest Texan
hapter 3 Lesson 1: The Earliest Texan Immigrating to Texas Various theories that historians believed early people came to Texas: 1. Sailed from the Eastern Hemisphere 2. Traveled across the North Atlantic
More information9/12/16. Lesson 2-1 Notes: Early People
9/12/16 Lesson 2-1 Notes: Early People Lesson Objectives Identify possible explanations of how people came to live in the Americas. Explain how early peoples in the Americas lived, hunted, and farmed.
More informationEurope & the Age of Exploration Part 1
Europe & the Age of Exploration Part 1 World Review European connections to Asia The writings of Marco Polo had increased European interest in trade with Asia. Goods, especially spices and silks, were
More informationSSWH1: The student will analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BC to
SSWH1: The student will analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BC to 500 BC. SSWH1: The student will analyze the origins,
More informationStudy Guide: Sunshine State Standards
Study Guide: Chapter 1, Section 1 For use with textbook pages 16 19 EARLY PEOPLES KEY TERMS archaeology The study of ancient peoples (page 17) artifact Ice Age Objects left behind by early peoples, such
More informationChapter 1 The First Americans. Section 1 Early Peoples
Chapter 1 The First Americans Section 1 Early Peoples How did the first people arrive? By A.D. 1500, millions of Native Americans lived on the continents of North & South America. One theory was that these
More informationThe Americans (Reconstruction to the 21st Century)
The Americans (Reconstruction to the 21st Century) Chapter 1: TELESCOPING THE TIMES Exploration and the Colonial Era CHAPTER OVERVIEW Native Americans develop complex societies. Starting in 1492, Europeans
More informationScore / Name: P: CHAPTER 1 BELLWORK
Score / Name: P: CHAPTER 1 BELLWORK Lesson 1 The First Americans: Migration to the Americas (Pages 1-4 in the Red Book) Reminder: Rephrase the question to form your answer. By the end of this lesson you
More informationThe First Americans. Lesson 1: The Search for Early Peoples. All images found in this PPT were found at Google.
The First Americans Lesson 1: The Search for Early Peoples All images found in this PPT were found at Google. A. Over the Land 1. During Ages a. long, hard b. skin shelters with fires inside c. summers
More informationCreating America (Survey)
Creating America (Survey) Chapter 1: The World in 1500, Beginnings to 1500 Section 1: Crossing to the Americas Main Idea: Ancient peoples came from Asia to the Americas and over time developed complex
More informationCompetition for a Continent Why did early French and English efforts at colonization falter?
1 2 3 Worlds Apart Native American Societies before 1492 How did the precontact histories of Native Americans, especially in the centuries just before 1492, shape their encounters with Europeans? West
More informationExploration ( )
Exploration (1400-1607) - For many years, people in Europe knew of a distant land to the east called Asia, or the Far East. - They wanted to explore routes to the Far East - During this unit we will learn
More informationThe Aztec and the Spanish Unit Test
The Aztec and the Spanish Unit Test 4 1 2 3 5 1) Where on the map is the Aztec Empire located? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 2) Where on the map is Spain located? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 Artifact #1 Artifact
More information7th Grade US History Standard #7H117 Do Now Day #17
Course: US History/Ms. Brown Homeroom: 7th Grade US History Standard #7H117 Do Now Day #17 Aims: SWBAT read and analyze a map locating representative Native American populations SWBAT compare how geography
More informationConquest in the Americas. World History
Conquest in the Americas World History First Encounters in the Americas Columbus landed in the New World in 1492. He landed in the Caribbean on islands we now call the West Indies. The Native Americans
More informationCultures of North America
Cultures of North America Focus Question: How did geography influence the development of cultures in North America? AD Sep 7 5:50 PM Mississippian Mound Builders 12 areas in Mississippi Mississippian Mound
More informationFirst Permanent English Settlement
First Permanent English Settlement Name: Section 1 Section 2 STUDY GUIDE SECTION: Why did the English want to establish a colony in America? What did the English think they would find in America? What
More informationThe Fertile Crescent is a region of the Middle East that stretches in a large, crescent-shaped curve from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea.
The Fertile Crescent is a region of the Middle East that stretches in a large, crescent-shaped curve from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea. The Fertile Crescent includes Mesopotamia, a wide, flat
More informationWorld Civilizations: Latin America Spring 2016 Mesoamerica Before Europeans Initial Migration Earliest human like creature in Africa 2 million years
World Civilizations: Latin America Spring 2016 Mesoamerica Before Europeans Initial Migration Earliest human like creature in Africa 2 million years ago 1 million years ago: first migration out of Africa
More informationBartholomeu Dias. Cape of Good Hope 1487
Bartholomeu Dias Cape of Good Hope 1487 Vasco da Gama India 1498 Pedro Alvares Cabral Brazil Christopher Columbus! Pirates in the Mediterranean! Cut out the middle man in trade! Wealth and riches King
More informationPeoples and Civilizations of the Americas
Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas 600-1500 Teotihuacan Teotihuacan was a large Mesoamerican city at the height of its power in 450 600 c.e. The city had a population of 125,000 to 200,000 inhabitants
More informationNative Americans & Spaniards. Two Worlds Collide. Name Date Class. The Americas Prior to Spanish Exploration
Native Americans & Spaniards Two Worlds Collide Name Date Class The Americas Prior to Spanish Exploration Thousands of Native American groups thrived throughout North and South America before Spanish exploration.
More informationAncient Civilizations Project
Ancient Civilizations Project Step One: Choose and research an early civilization with your group members. Step Two: Create a Power Point document to use during your presentation. Bibliography to be included
More informationTHE CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION
MESOPOTAMIA THE CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION GEOGRAPHY OF THE FERTILE CRESCENT I. Rivers support early civilizations A. Early people settled where crops would grow. B. Many civilizations began near rivers. 1.
More informationEQ: How did the Age of Exploration lead to the colonization of North Carolina? Warm Up: Get your NOTEBOOK and copy down the EQ before class begins.
EQ: How did the Age of Exploration lead to the colonization of North Carolina? Warm Up: Get your NOTEBOOK and copy down the EQ before class begins. Avatar Finding similarities in 1492 and 2015 Copy under
More informationWHI.02: Early Humans
WHI.02: Early Humans WHI.2 The student will demonstrate knowledge of early development of humankind from the Paleolithic Era to the agricultural revolution by a) explaining the impact of geographic environment
More informationNote Taking Study Guide UNDERSTANDING OUR PAST
SECTION Note Taking Study Guide UNDERSTANDING OUR PAST Focus Question: What have scholars learned about the ancestors of humans, and how have they done so? A. As you read Studying the Historical Past and
More informationStudent Handout #4: Era 3 Societies around the World. The Olmec:
Student Handout #4: Era 3 Societies around the World As you read about four different societies below, think about your claims related to empires from Student Handout #3. What are important features for
More information10/16/14. Age of Exploration. Contact and Conflict
10/16/14 Age of Exploration Contact and Conflict 1450-1700 2 Guiding Questions How and why did Europeans undertake ambitious voyages of expansion? What was the impact (long term/short term) on colonized
More informationGeorgia and the American Experience. Georgia and the American Experience Chapter 3: The Land And Its Early People
Slide 1 Georgia and the American Experience Chapter 3: The Land And Its Early People Study Presentation Slide 2 Georgia and the American Experience Section 1: How Did We Learn About the Earliest Peoples?
More informationThe Americas. Aztec Golden age lasted between Inca -Golden age lasted between Maya -Golden age spanned between 300A.D. -900A.D.
The Americas Aztec Golden age lasted between 1440-1521 Inca -Golden age lasted between 1438-1532 Maya -Golden age spanned between 300A.D. -900A.D. Inca Geography -Sentered in Cuzco, Peru. -Stretched along
More informationFertile Crescent & Mesopotamia. Miss Genovese
Fertile Crescent & Mesopotamia Miss Genovese Geography Mesopotamia is the region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (AKA The Land Between Two Rivers) Land was mostly flat with small plants Tigris
More informationSpain Builds an Empire
Spain Builds an Empire Spanish Conquistadors Conquistador- conqueror We came here to serve God and the king and also to get rich Bernal Diaz del Castillo 3 G s- God, Glory, Gold Spain became one of the
More informationEurope- 2. How did the nobles in Europe gain their wealth?
Name Period Video: America Before Columbus Date 1. What types of natural wealth were in the Americas before Europeans arrived? Europe- 2. How did the nobles in Europe gain their wealth? What problem has
More informationThe study of past societies through an analysis of what people have left behind.
The study of past societies through an analysis of what people have left behind. Artifacts are those things that people left behind, they can include: Tools and Weapons Pottery Jewelry Art and Sculpture
More informationNative Americans Culture
Native Americans Native Americans have lived in what is now the United States for thousands of years. In that time, they developed many cultures. Culture is the way of life of a group of people. View the
More informationPrince Henry the Navigator
Prince Henry the Navigator 1394-1460 Portugal Sponsored voyages of exploration along west African coast; supported study of navigation Motivation: To spread Christianity; to establish trade in Africa to
More informationThe First Civilizations Unit 1. Ancient and Classical Civilizations AP World History
The First Civilizations Unit 1. Ancient and Classical Civilizations AP World History Essential Question How did the first civilizations form and what were their achievements? Specific Objectives " Identify
More informationAncient Civilizations of North America. Prof. Ruthie García Vera Historia de Estados Unidos
Ancient Civilizations of North America Prof. Ruthie García Vera Historia de Estados Unidos Three groups dominate the oldest period of North American prehistory: The Hohokam The Anasazi The Mound Builders
More informationARTIFACT A ARTIFACT B
ARTIFACT A Olmec urban development was made possible by earlier advances in agriculture. The staples of Mesoamerican diet- corn, beans and squash- were domesticated by 3500BCE. The ability of farmers to
More informationThe World of the 1400s. What Was Going On?
The World of the 1400s What Was Going On? When European colonizers arrived in the Western Hemisphere, they found two continents that were certainly NOT empty of inhabitants. The Native Americans The earliest
More informationProf. Ruthie García Vera Historia de Estados Unidos. Ancient Cultures of North America
Prof. Ruthie García Vera Historia de Estados Unidos Ancient Cultures of North America Three groups dominate the oldest period of North American prehistory: The Hohokam The Anasazi The Mound Builders *the
More informationTHE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
Name: Date: Directions: Read the following passage about the Columbian Exchange. Answer the questions that follow using complete sentences. Remember to give specific details from the text to support your
More informationThe Age of European Explorations
The Age of European Explorations 1400-1800 By the 1400 s Europeans were in contact with Africans, Asians, and Americans. This is known as the GLOBAL AGE. Wherever Europeans went, they brought their culture
More informationWhy the New World. Crusades $ Spices Silks Marco Polo s Book Columbus Woops New World
Why the New World Crusades $ Spices Silks Marco Polo s Book Columbus Woops New World Early America (discovery) Credited with the discovery of the New World in 1492. Looking for a new way to get to the
More informationKingdoms & Trading States of Medieval Africa
Kingdoms & Trading States of Medieval Africa Early Societies in West Africa 500-1600 CE Table of Contents Background Africa s Four Climate Zones Africa s Four Vegetation Zones Africa s Vegetation Map Early
More informationChapter 1 Worlds Apart
1 Chapter 1 Worlds Apart Practice Test 1. Africans primarily came to early European settlements in America A) voluntarily. B) to find employment. C) as slaves. D) looking for trading partners. 2. What
More informationSettling the Americas
Settling the Americas The First Settlers About 800,000 years ago, water froze and formed glaciers that covered most of the Northern Hemisphere. That frigid period in Earth s history is known as the Ice
More informationWhat was Africa like before global integration?
What was Africa like before global integration? will be establishing sea-based empires in the Americas and trading-post empires in Africa and Asia The land empires (,,,, and ) expand dramatically Gunpowder,
More informationCan you hear me? 11/9/15
Georgia Cyber Academy s mission is to provide an exemplary individualized and engaging educational experience for all students. Learning Target: I CAN describe the encounter and consequences of the conflict
More information