Using Information Resources

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1 Jefferson Parish Grade 9/Quarter 3 English I /Interval 3 Using Information Resources Introduction: Look at the following reference materials and then use the materials to answer the questions on page 4. Research Topic: First Thanksgiving Suppose your American history class is studying the first Thanksgiving. Your teacher has been discussing some of the myths that surround this historical event. Three different sources of information about the first Thanksgiving are contained in this test. The information sources and the page numbers where you can find them are listed below. 1. From a book, American Holidays Excerpt (page 2) 2. From a history magazine, American History Review Table: The Pilgrims First Thanksgiving Menu (page 2) 3. From an online journal, socialstudiesmyths.com Excerpt from Script of Myles Standish Interview (page 3) Model in-text citation formats are found on your Model In-text Citations sheet. These show acceptable formats for citations within the text of a report. Directions: Skim pages 2-3 to become familiar with the information in these sources. Remember that these are reference sources, so you should not read every word in each source. Once you have skimmed these sources, answer the questions on page 4. Use the information sources to help you answer the questions. As you work through the questions, go back and read the parts that will give you the information that you need. 1 PLEASE GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

2 From a Book: American Holidays Excerpt The Truth Behind Thanksgiving Dinner by Marcia Holmes "Pass the deer and eel please!" Are these words you would expect to hear around your Thanksgiving dinner table? When most people think of a traditional U.S. Thanksgiving dinner, they think of turkey, mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce, and maybe apple pie. The original American Thanksgiving dinner in 1621, however, was very different. 2 In the fall of 1621, 52 Pilgrims and 90 Native Americans came together in Plymouth, Massachusetts, for meals celebrating the harvest. Although Thanksgiving did not become an official holiday until 1863, most Americans consider the Plymouth feast as the first Thanksgiving. The food that these early Americans shared was not what most people would expect. Pilgrims and Native Americans probably ate turkey. Mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce, and apple pie, however, were not on the menu. In 1621, potatoes were not part of the Pilgrims' diet. According to Kathleen Curtin, most Pilgrims had never heard of potatoes potatoes grew only in South America until the late 1600s. Curtin is a food historian at Plimoth Plantation, a living-history museum in Massachusetts. The Pilgrims and Native Americans may have eaten cranberries, but certainly not cranberry sauce. Sugar, an important ingredient in cranberry sauce, had probably not yet traveled to the New World. According to Curtin, "It would be 50 years before an Englishman mentioned boiling this New England berry with sugar." But the Pilgrims must have eaten apple pie? Surprisingly, they did not. Apples do not naturally grow in North America. The fruit didn't come to the United States until years later. So what, then, did people eat at the first The meals and festivities lasted for three days. During that time, the early Americans ate a lot of food. They probably had deer, clams, dried berries, corn, wild turkeys, and fish such as cod, sea bass, and eels. And the meat did not come in packages from the grocery store. "Animals were often cooked with heads and feet still attached. The 'humbles' [what we would call guts] were cooked and eaten as well," Carolyn Travers, a researcher at Plimoth Plantation, explained. This Thanksgiving, as you dig in, be thankful you're eating turkey and pie and not baked guts! From a History Magazine: American History Review Table: The Pilgrims First Thanksgiving Menu The Pilgrims' First Thanksgiving Menu Foods That May Have Been on the Menu What Was Not on the Menu: Surprisingly, the following foods, all considered staples of the modern Thanksgiving meal, didn't appear on the pilgrim s first feast table: Seafood: Cod, Eel, Clams, Lobster Ham: There is no evidence that the colonists had butchered a pig by this time, though they had brought pigs with them from England. Wild Fowl: Wild Turkey, Goose, Duck, Sweet Potatoes/Potatoes: These were not common. Crane, Swan, Partridge, Eagles Meat: Venison, Seal Corn on the Cob: Corn was kept dried out at this time of year. Grain: Wheat Flour, Indian Corn Cranberry Sauce: The colonists had cranberries but no sugar at this time. Vegetables: Pumpkin, Peas, Beans, Pumpkin Pie: It's not a recipe that exists at this point, though the pilgrims had recipes for stewed Onions, Lettuce, Radishes, Carrots pumpkin. Fruit: Plums, Grapes Chicken/Eggs: We know that the colonists brought hens with them from England, but it's unknown how many they had left at this point or whether the hens were still laying. Nuts: Walnuts, Chestnuts, Acorns Milk: No cows had been aboard the Mayflower, though it's possible that the colonists used goat milk to make cheese. Herbs and Seasonings: Olive Oil,. Liverwort, Leeks, Dried Currants, Parsnips Source: Kathleen Curtin, Ph.D, Food Historian at Plimoth Plantation 2 PLEASE GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

3 From an Online Journal: socialstudiesmyths.com Excerpt from Script of Myles Standish Interview Plimoth Plantation is a living history museum which reflects life in early seventeenth-century Plymouth, Massachusetts. Visitors can interact with people who represent pilgrims, dressed in authentic period clothing and speaking in seventeenth-century dialects reflecting the part of England that each person came from. Here, Myles Standish (portrayed by John Ford) answers questions about his perspective on the harvest feast of 1621: NOTE: Myles Standish was one of the 102 English settlers who sailed on the Mayflower in He had served in Queen Elizabeth's Army and was chosen to command the first group of men to go ashore when the ship reached New England. Occasionally he was called upon to defend the colony when it found itself at odds with the native peoples. Script of Myles Standish Interview (portrayed by John Ford) Describe your background. My name's Captain Myles Standish, and I live here in New Plymouth. I lead the men in the arms. I'm a soldier by trade. I am among those who first come to the New World on the ship Mayflower in It is my office to make certain that a watch is kept at night, and if there ever be any need for us to fight that we should be well schooled in soldiery. What was your role in the harvest feast of 1621? Yes, yes, when our harvest was gotten in our Governor called for a few of us men to go out fouling. And the country is so bounteous that four of us in but a day were able to shoot as many foul as could feed the whole town for a week. We had decided after having gathered in this fair little harvest that we should celebrate together and rejoice at how well begun our plantation was, and how hard bought that first harvest. So many had died the winter we arrived; so many hardships we had to overcome. We were joined by the small number of folk in the town, about 50 altogether, but also by the great king of the Indians, Massasoit. And he brought with him 90 of his men and we did feast together for several days. And there was martial exercise. I was called by our Governor to lead the men in arms and to display our ability to shoot, and we saluted this Indian King. And the Indians joined us. Massasoit did send out some men with their bows and arrows to shoot deer, and they came back to our town with five deer, which they did bestow upon our Governor and me and some other men as honors. What was your relationship with the Wampanoag Indians like? Massasoit is the name of this King. He is the sachem or governor of a place called Pokanoket; We, ever since March, were able to make a treaty with him. And this treaty has stood these many years, unaffected by changes in the disposition of other Indians. He has always been our firm friend and loving ally. We had agreed together back in March of 1621 that we should come to each other's aid in defense.. What was day-to-day life like on Plymouth Plantation in the 1620s? Certainly, so much does depend upon the season, of course. The spring and summer we must be planting and setting our corn and weeding it and mounding over its roots when it gets too tall and we're afraid that the wind will blow it over. Then of course at the end of the summer we must harvest it. We have to, also in the summer, send men in our boats out to the sea to fish, and the fishing here is remarkable. As I've said before there are blue fish four and five feet long, cod, mackerel, salmon, smelts, herring, bluefish. Even a boy here could feed his family with the lobsters that are down so close to the sea. Clams can be easily gotten. And in the next harbor, not ours, but in the next harbor, the Bay of Massachusetts, there are oysters that one could get too. They say that there are oysters so large in the Bay of Massachusetts that there are some as large as the roundhouse on a ship. Now can you imagine what sort of pearl is dwelling in an oyster that large? PLEASE GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 3

4 For questions 1 through 5, darken the circle beside the correct answer on your answer document. Mark only one answer for each question. 1. Which of the following research questions can best be supported by information found in all three sources? A. Why was Miles Standish important to the first B. Why do we eat turkey and cranberry sauce at C. What foods were found at the first D. What foods did the Pilgrims get from the Native Americans? 4. Which of the following is the correct parenthetical citation for information borrowed from American Holidays? A. Holmes states that apples don t Naturally grow in North America (37). B. Holmes states, Apples do not naturally grow in North America (37). C. Apples do not naturally grow in North America (Holmes). D. Apples do not naturally grow in North America. (37) 2. The information in paragraph 2 of the American Holidays excerpt is most similar to the answer to which question in the Myles Standish Interview? A. Describe your background. B. What was your relationship with the Wampanoag Indians like? C. What was day-to-day life like on Plymouth Plantation in the 1620s? D. What was your role in the harvest feast of 1621? 3. Which foods were not eaten at the first A. ham and walnuts B. corn on the cob and sweet potatoes C. duck and cranberry sauce D. beans and parsnips 5. Which statement is most likely true regarding the validity of the provided sources? A. The Myles Standish Interview is valid because an actor portraying Miles Standish gave the interview. B. The American Holidays excerpt is valid because it is a book by a known author. C. The American History Review piece is valid because it was written by a historian for a specialized magazine. D. The Myles Standish Interview is valid because there is a compete script of the interview. 4

5 Jefferson Parish Grade 9/Quarter 3 English I /Interval 3 Directions: Read the topic in the box below and write a well-organized composition of at least words. Be sure to follow the suggestions listed under the box. Writing Topic Your school s test scores have not been as high as the community would like. One solution being considered is to lengthen the school day. How do you feel about this? Write a letter to the school board president explaining your position on lengthening the school day and supporting your position with reasons and examples. Before you begin to write, think about the issue clearly. What arguments can you use to convince all sides that your position is the best one? Now write a letter to the president of the school board clearly stating your position on lengthening the school day and supporting it with convincing reasons and examples. Use loose-leaf for notes, brainstorming, and/or writing an outline, if you wish. Make sure your composition has a beginning, a middle, and an end. Be sure to include enough specific details and descriptive attributes in your narrative so that your reader will understand and be able to visualize what happened. Use the Writer s Checklist below to help you check your writing for errors. Writer's Checklist Composing Write on the assigned topic. Present a clear main idea. Give enough details to support and elaborate your main idea. Present your ideas in a logical order. Style/Audience Write with your audience (the person or group identified by the topic) in mind. Use vocabulary (words) that expresses your meaning well. Use sentences that make your main idea interesting to your audience. Sentence Formation Write in complete sentences and use a variety of sentence patterns. Usage Write using appropriate subject-verb agreement, verb tenses, word meaning, and word endings. Mechanics Write using correct punctuation. Write using correct capitalization. Write using appropriate formatting (e.g., indentations, margins). Spelling Write using correct spelling. Remember to print or write neatly. On this session of the test only, you may use a dictionary and thesaurus. 5 JPPSS Grade 9 English I Interval Assessment Interval 3

6 KEY GLEs Question Difficulty Level 37abc Synthesize information from multiple printed texts (encyclopedias, atlases, library catalogs, specialized dictionaries, almanacs, technical encyclopedias, and periodicals); electronic sources (Web sites, databases); and other media sources (community and government data, television and radio resources, and other audio and visual materials) 39a Conduct research using data-gathering strategies/tools, including formulating clear research questions 40abcd Write research reports which include research supporting the main ideas; facts, details, examples, and explanations 43 Analyze information found in comparative charts to determine usefulness for research 36ab Use organizational features of print resources (prefaces, appendices, annotations, citations, bibliographic references) and electronic texts (database keyword searches, search engines, e- mail addresses) 43 Analyze information found in a variety of complex graphic organizers, including detailed maps, comparative charts, extended tables, graphs to determine usefulness for research 36ab Use organizational features of print resources (prefaces, appendices, annotations, citations, bibliographic references 1. Which of the following research questions can best be supported by information found in all three sources? A. Why was Miles Standish important to the first B. Why do we eat turkey and cranberry sauce at C. What foods were found at the first D. What foods did the Pilgrims get from the Native Americans? 2. The information in paragraph 2 of the American Holidays excerpt is most similar to the answer to which question in the Myles Standish interview? A. Describe your background. B. What was your relationship with the Wampanoag Indians like? C. What was day-to-day life like on Plymouth Plantation in the 1620s? D. What was your role in the harvest feast of 1621? 3. Which foods were not eaten at the first A. ham and walnuts B. corn on the cob and sweet potatoes C. duck and cranberry sauce D. beans and parsnips 41 Use word processing/other 4. Which of the following is the correct parenthetical M 6 JPPSS Grade 9 English I Interval Assessment Interval 3 M M L

7 technology (illustration, pagelayout, Web-design programs) to draft, revise, and publish research reports documented with parenthetical citations and bibliographies or works cited lists 42ab Give credit for borrowed information, including using parenthetical documentation to integrate quotes and citations and preparing bibliographies and/or works cited list 38 Analyze usefulness and accuracy of sources by determining their validity (e.g., authority, accuracy, objectivity, publication date, and coverage) citation for information borrowed from American Holidays? A. Holmes states that apples don t Naturally grow in North America (37). B. Holmes states, Apples do not naturally grow in North America (37). C. Apples do not naturally grow in North America (Holmes). D. Apples do not naturally grow in North America. (37) 5. Which statement is most likely true regarding the validity of the provided sources? A. The Myles Standish interview is valid because an actor who portrayed Miles Standish gave the interview. B. The American Holidays excerpt is valid because it is a book by a known author. C. The American History Review piece is valid because it was written by a historian for a specialized magazine. D. The Myles Standish interview is valid because there is a complete script of the interview. H 7 JPPSS Grade 9 English I Interval Assessment Interval 3

Make Mine Turkey.

Make Mine Turkey. Make Mine Turkey Objective Students will read and discuss primary source accounts of the holiday we celebrate as Thanksgiving and compare the accounts to traditional views of the story of Thanksgiving.