Insect Control Research for Pecan

Transcription

1 Insect Control Research for Pecan Ted Cottrell USDA, Agricultural Research Service Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory 21 Dunbar Road, Byron, GA

2 Pecan Insects Pecan nut casebearer Pecan aphids Black pecan aphid Blackmargined aphid Yellow aphid Pecan weevil Stink bugs Hickory shuckworm

3 A website with pecan production information: pecan.ipmpipe.org/

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6 Managing 1 st Generation PNC Pheromone traps PNC: First Capture at Byron, GA Year 3 to 5 traps per 2005 orchard (< 50 acres); 5 May traps 9 if > 50 acres. Spread traps out. Place each trap near a nut cluster April 28 Put out traps before PNC moths fly April 25 Sample traps every 3-4 days and at least 3x per week for adult PNC moths April 28 Plenty of photos on the web to help you ID PNC adults! Date 2009 April April Pecan 27 bud moth 2011 April April April 29 PNC

7 Managing 1 st Generation PNC Scout orchard for PNC eggs on nutlets 7-10 days after capturing the first PNC adult in a trap. Use a hand lens to aid in this process. If an insecticide treatment is needed, it is typically applied to the orchard 2 weeks after the first male moths are captured in traps. Do not apply insecticide due to high trap capture. If an application is even warranted, application based on high trap capture usually results in the application being made too early to provide needed residual activity for PNC control. Trap capture (low or high) DOES NOT indicate whether an insecticide needs to be applied.

8 Tips for scouting PNC Start scouting for PNC eggs on nutlets 7-10 days after capturing the first PNC in pheromone traps. Examine 10 nut clusters/tree on 31 trees If you find 2 infested clusters (eggs or nut entry) before sampling all trees, apply an insecticide within the next few days. Mark some infested nut clusters with ribbon to determine egg hatch. Newly laid eggs are white but turn pink/red before hatching. Apply insecticide 1-2 days after egg hatch. Scout for infested clusters again 5-7 days later. If you find < 2 infested clusters, sample again 2-3 days later. If you then find 2 infested clusters, immediately apply treatment. If no treatment is needed, sample again 2 days later. This sample is very important if weather conditions have been cool or rainy.

9 Average Moths / Trap 2012 PNC Trap Capture, Byron, GA Average Capture by Sample Date Orchard 1 Orchard 2 Orchard Data collected from 3 PNC traps/orchard

10 Cumulative Capture of PNC Moths Over Time PNC Trap Capture, Byron, GA Cumulative Data Is trap capture an indicator of the amount of future damage? Orchard 1 Orchard 2 Orchard 3 Data collected from 3 PNC traps/orchard

11 Percentage of Clusters Percentage PNC Infestation of Nut Clusters in Unsprayed Pecan Orchards May 31, Trap capture is not an indicator of the amount of future damage!! Infested Not Infested % 1.5% 2.0% Orchard 1 Orchard 2 Orchard 3 Sampled 20 nut clusters per tree on 20 trees in each orchard

12 Average Moths/Trap/Week 2013 PNC Capture in Traps May 1 May 8 May 15 May Trap height (ft) in the pecan tree

13 2013 Capture of PNC Moths and Nut Damage During 2013 PNC moth flight, we sampled 1,200 nut clusters for PNC eggs. Nut clusters were sampled from the canopy bottom to the top. We found 0 eggs. No PNC control action was taken this past Spring (2013). Later, we sampled 300 nut clusters for signs of PNC nut entry. We found 0 infested clusters.

14 For your consideration: Some of the nuts you save from PNC will drop in June. Heavy/Light crop. The cost of traps/lures and scouting will pay you back in pesticide and fuel savings. Spraying for PNC just to be safe is another way to redistribute your wealth. SO.. You may need to treat your orchard for PNC. OR You may not need to treat your orchard for PNC. Trapping adult moths and scouting for eggs/nut entry will let you make that decision with confidence!

15 2013 Insecticide Trials Aphids, Hickory Shuckworm and Pecan Weevil In collaboration with David Shapiro-Ilan, USDA, ARS, Byron GA

16 2013 Insecticide Treatments & Application Dates - Treatments applied to orchards gpa using airblast sprayer Date Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 Plan 5 Jul Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Venerate 2 lbs Sept 3-4 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Venerate 2 lbs Sept Danitol 16 oz Closer 2.75 oz Carbaryl 4L 3 qt Closer 2.75 oz ProGibb 4% 40oz Venerate 2 lbs Sept 30 Bifenture EC 12.8 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Bifenture EC 12.8 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Venerate 2 lbs White untreated Control

17 Aphids per Compound Leaf 70 Blackmargined and Yellow Pecan Aphids Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 0 Jul 2 Jul 29 Aug 13 Aug 28 Sep 11 Spray Dates Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 Jul Aug 2-5 Aug 22 Sept 3 Belay 6 oz Belay 6 oz Danitol 16 oz Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz Apta 27 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz ProGibb 4% 20oz ProGibb 4% 20oz ProGibb 4% 20oz

18 Aphids per Compound Leaf Black Pecan Aphid Plan Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 Control 5 0 July 2 July 29 Aug 13 Aug 28 Sep 11 Spray Dates Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 4 Jul Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz Sept 3-4 Danitol 16 oz Apta 27 oz ProGibb 4% 20oz

19 Aphids per Compound Leaf 2013 Closer (Sulfoxaflor) Insecticide Trial Blackmargined + Yellow Pecan Aphid Data Jul 25-Jul 1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep Closer Control Closer (2.75 oz/a and 100 gpa) applied on July 18 and August 6.

20 Aphids per Compound Leaf 2013 Closer Insecticide Trial Black Pecan Aphid Data Jul 25-Jul 1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep Closer Control Closer (2.75 oz/a and 100 gpa) applied on July 18 and August 6. Cross resistance by aphids to imidacloprid (4A) and sulfoxaflor (4C)?

21 % Nuts with HSW Infestation 2013 Hickory Shuckworm Damage assessment made in October A A AB Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan C BC Plan 5 Control Date Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 5 Jul 17 Belay 6 oz + + Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz + + Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz + Apta 27 oz + Venerate 2 gal Sep 3 Danitol 16 oz + Apta 27 oz + Venerate 2 gal Sep Danitol 16 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Carbaryl 3/4 gal + Closer 2.75 oz Sep 30 Bifenture EC 12.8 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Bifenture EC 12.8 oz + Closer 2.75 oz + Venerate 2 gal Venerate 2 gal

22 % Nuts with HSW Infestation 2013 Hickory Shuckworm Plan 1 Control lower 1/3 middle 1/3 upper 1/3 Pecan Canopy Sample Location Hickory Shuckworm is more prevalent in the upper canopy of the pecan tree.

23 % Nuts with Pecan Weevil upper 1/ Pecan Weevil Nuts collected BEFORE harvest A A Canopy Sample Location A A A middle 1/3 lower 1/3 Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 5 Control Date Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan 5 Jul 17 Belay 6 oz + + Aug 2-5 Belay 6 oz + + Aug 22 Danitol 16 oz + Apta 27 oz + Venerate 2 gal Sep 3 Danitol 16 oz + Apta 27 oz + Venerate 2 gal Sep Danitol 16 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Carbaryl 3/4 gal + Closer 2.75 oz Sep 30 Bifenture EC 12.8 oz + Closer 2.75 oz Bifenture EC 12.8 oz + Closer 2.75 oz + Venerate 2 gal Venerate 2 gal

24 % Dead + Moribund Insecticide Assay against Brown Stink Bug June 2011 Peaches sprayed in field, 24 h later taken to lab and SB s placed on fruit in cups Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 1 day after SB s added to cup control Danitol (21.3 oz/a) Danitol (10.7 oz/a) Endigo ZC (5.5 oz/a) Imidan (2.25 lbs/a)

25 Brown Stink Bug Assay on Peach Peaches sprayed in orchard, next day peaches picked and put in a cup with a stink bug. Observations made 24 hours later. 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Control Danitol Endigo Belay and Karate % Dead % Moribund % Alive Danitol = 16 oz/a --- Endigo = 5.5 oz/a --- Belay (2.9 oz/a) + Karate (2.3 oz/a)