VITICISION. Vineyard Microclimates: What s your ripening curve? Get a Grape s-eye View

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1 Vineyard Microclimates: What s your ripening curve? VITICISION Get a Grape s-eye View

2 J. Lohr Vineyards & Wines Project Goals: To measure Cabernet Sauvignon microclimates. Find sunburn probability in different row directions and trellis types. Assess canopy management practices. Relate grape temperatures to wine quality.

3 Grape composition and quality Water Sugars Acids Nitrogen compounds and mineral nutrients Phenolics Lipids and Volatiles Grape Maturity Coombe, B.G., McCarthy, M.G. (2000) Dynamics of grape berry growth and physiology of ripening, Australian Journal of Grape & Wine Research 6:

4 Grape Quality Sources of variation. Light Temperature Water status Nutrient status Crop load How you manage Light and Temperature. Quantify the effects of: Row direction Trellis design & retrofit Variety & clone Canopy management Frost protection Climate change Cooling trials Hail protection

5 Ripening Curve Total Hours Total Hours 1, , NE Side of Trellis- Accumulated Hours Aug 30 Sept 6 Sept 13 Sept 20 Sept 27 Oct Aug 30 Sept 6 Sept 13 Sept 20 Sept 27 Oct SW Side of Trellis- Accumulated Hours NE NE 0-50 NE SW SW 0-50 SW

6 Climate and Viticulture Macroclimate: km Global Circulation, Synoptic Meteorology Mesoclimate: km Coastal-Inland, Edna Valley, Paso Robles (East vs. West sides) Topoclimate:0.5 km -10 m solar radiation, relative elevation N-S slopes, frost pockets Microclimate:100 m 1 cm vegetation canopies

7 Paso Daily Climate 1901 to 2005

8 Precipitation July-June

9 Mean Temperature April-October

10 Maximum Temperature April-October

11 Minimum Temperature April-October

12 Long Term Frequencies Monthly Tmax: Paso Robles August 1.0 September m Prob 0.6 Cum m Prob 0.6 Cum F = 50 th percentile F = 50 th percentile F = 80 th percentile 107 F = 87 th percentile

13 Microclimate: Grape Temperature Grapes Eye View Model Air temperature

14 How we collect microclimate data Thermochron Sensors: Measure hourly grape temperatures on both sides of the trellis. Sensor

15 How we collect microclimate data Hemispherical Photos: Measure canopy light environment on both sides of the trellis.

16 Solar Radiation Sunrise Sunset 6 am 6 pm Jun 21 Jul 21 Aug 21 9 am 12pm 3 pm Sep21 Oct 21

17 Hilltop (E-W Rows) w/m Hilltop South Side Hilltop North Side Hour Hour Jul Aug Sep Oct Max w/m 2

18 Pleasant Valley Ranch (N-S Rows) w/m PR12 East Side PR12 West Side Hour Hour w/m 2 Jul Aug Sep Oct Max

19 Grape Temperatures Average Hourly Temperature Hilltop Grapes Average Hourly Temperatures PR12 Grapes degf Canopy_Air N-grapes S-grapes Air-JLohr degf Canopy_Air E-grapes W-grapes JLohr_Air Hour Hour degf Heatwave Sep 26 Hilltop Grapes Canopy_Air N-grapes S-grapes Jlohr-Air degf Heatwave Sep 26 PR12 Grapes Canopy_Air E-grapes W-grapes JLohr_Air Hour Hour

20 Grape Temperature and Row Direction PR-12 PR12-W PR12-E PR12-Canopy J. Lohr Air DH DH DH Hilltop HT-S HT-N HT-Canopy J. Lohr Air DH DH DH

21 Jul Aug Sep Oct Max w/m DC 303 NW VSP Hour m 2 w/m DC 303 SE VSP Hour Degree Hours Jul 31 to Oct NE 314- SW 314- Canopy 303-NW 303-SE 303- Canopy Air Oakville DH DH DH

22 J. Lohr Results Sprawl is a good adaptation to the Paso climate. 100 degrees seemed to be a threshold for Cabernet quality measures. Canopy Mgmt. Trials 2010: -2 Cane lower wire (control) -2 Cane upper wire -4 cane, all fruit removed from bottom

23 A special thanks to: J. Lohr Vineyards & Wines Central Coast Vineyard Team Paso Robles Wine Alliance VITICISION GET A GRAPE S-EYE EYE VIEW PHONE: (650) CARRIEANNE@VITICISION.COM