OPVC CONTINUING PROJECT REPORT:

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1 OPVC CONTINUING PROJECT REPORT: 2014 PROJECT YEAR: 1. OPVC REPORT COVER PAGE (maximum 2 pages) OPVC Project Number: Project Title: Green Bean Breeding and Evaluation 2014 PI: James R. Myers Co-PI: Brian Yorgey Organization: Oregon State University Telephone: Telephone: james.myers@oregonstate.edu brian.yorgey@oregonstate.edu Address: ALS 4017, Department of Horticulture Address: Wiegand Hall, Department of Food Science and Technology City/State/Zip: Corvallis, OR Total Project Request (all years): Year 1: Year 2: Year 3: 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (ABSTRACT): Oregon is the second largest producer of processed green beans, and cultivars are needed that are adapted to western Oregon. The types that have traditionally been used are the bush blue lake (BBL) green beans with high yields, excellent processing quality. On the other hand, then need improvement in plant architecture, disease resistance (especially to white mold), and are genetically isolated from other green beans. The primary objective of the OSU green bean breeding program is to develop high yielding and high quality BBL green beans with high levels of white mold resistance. In 2014, a preliminary yield and processing trial of 36 advanced lines was conducted. An additional commercial trial with 28 entries was also grown and evaluated. Two advanced lines (6771 and 6774) are undergoing intense scrutiny for release as the first partially white mold resistant lines commercially available. Data obtained over four years of evaluation supports their release and seed has been distributed to seed companies for preliminary increase and evaluation.

2 3. FULL REPORT (no maximum) 3.a. BACKGROUND Green beans grown for canning and freezing in the Willamette Valley contribute about $23 million to the Oregon state economy each year. The industry produces a high quality product with the unique flavor, color, and appearance based on the Bush Blue Lake (BBL) class of green beans. The growing environment in Western Oregon is different from any other green bean production area in the United States. Developing productive varieties that are adapted to this area requires the attention of a substantial breeding effort in Western Oregon. BBL green beans have rather unique characteristics compared to Midwestern green beans. Foremost, they have almost double the yield potential because they put more of their photosynthate into reproductive development and less into vegetative growth. The tradeoff is that BBL plant architecture is not as robust as that of many Midwestern types. BBL green beans have a unique flavor profile, being higher in sugars and the beany flavor components, and lower in the floral flavors that are more typical of Midwestern beans. BBL and Midwestern green beans have different co-adapted complexes of genes for snap bean traits such that the two groups are somewhat genetically isolated. This creates challenges in introgressing desirable genes from Midwestern types into a BBL background. Most important at present is the development of BBL varieties with upright plant architecture and resistance to white and gray mold. Other needs include resistance to the root rot complex, improved seed quality, and tolerance to abiotic stresses including heat and moisture stress. The material developed by the OSU breeding program over the past five decades provides an excellent base population for continued improvement. While small acreages of other market types (European extra fine, wax and romano beans) are grown, the OSU breeding program will focus predominantly on full sieve green beans. Breeding programs typically take about 10 years to develop a new variety. Winter nurseries and offseason greenhouse production can increase the number of generations per year and shorten the breeding cycle. New technologies, such as marker-assisted selection to introgress specific traits can also shorten the breeding process. 3.b OBJECTIVES Breed improved Bush Blue Lake green bean varieties with: o White and gray mold resistance o Improved plant architecture o High economic yield o Improved pod quality (including straightness, color, smoothness, texture, flavor and quality retention, and delayed seed size development) o Tolerance to abiotic stresses Improve seed quality of materials in the breeding program to provide greater resistance to mechanical injury and low germination issues. 3.c. SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS Two advanced green bean lines that combine productivity, quality, and white mold resistance were trialed again in 2014 and continue to appear promising. Seed of these lines have been provided to commercial seed companies for seed increase. 3.d. METHODS Varietal Development: The program will continue with crosses among elite lines and the best white mold resistant lines. Pedigree and single seed descent breeding methods will be used to advance and select early generation materials. Green beans are a self-pollinated crop and cultivars are purelines that

3 developed through a minimum of six generations of self-pollination with selection. To initiate the process, selected lines are crossed in the greenhouse during the winter and the F1s are grown in the field to produce large F2 populations (target of 250 seeds per cross). F3s are then grown in the greenhouse or an off season winter nursery using a technique such as single seed descent (one seed is taken from each plant in the population and bulked). Selection is generally not conducted in the off season environment. The F4 is produced in the field in Oregon where selection for pod traits (length, cross-section, color, sieve size, smoothness, and straightness) and plant architecture is conducted. Similar selection is conducted in the F5 and selected plants are harvested as single plants (all the seed from one plant is composited). In the F6 and beyond, the populations are maintained as a collection of selected families (advanced lines). At this generation, there is sufficient seed for testing in various yield and disease trials. Variety Trials: Two types of trials are conducted: preliminary trials where OSU advanced lines are evaluated and a commercial trial where lines submitted by commercial breeders are evaluated. Advanced lines are planted in plots consisting of a single 20-foot row from which 5-foot sections harvested one time (preliminary trial), or three times, two three days apart (commercial trial). Lines are evaluated for growth habit, pod characteristics and T/A yield. Where the opportunity presents (disease is present), we will evaluate disease resistance. Graded samples are evaluated for pod smoothness, straightness, flavor, and color. These samples are frozen for later evaluation of the processed product. The commercial trial is open to all types of snap beans, but with an emphasis on entries comparable to blue lake beans. Samples from optimum harvest dates will be processed as above. Advanced Lines: A breeding nursery consisting of lines at all stages of development are grown. Historic lines and those actively used commerce are evaluated each year and rogued for off types. Promising advanced lines undergo seed increase, rogueing, and initiation of sub-lines for varietal maintenance. Seed quality of OSU advanced lines will be quantified using germination damage tests that are standard in the industry. In short, seeds are dropped onto a steel plate, and then subjected to cold (10 C) germination tests. The most promising lines near release are provided to seed companies for evaluation and increase. As these lines are increased, they will be tested in small-scale on-farm acreages. Breeding for White Mold Resistance: Because of the urgent need for white mold resistant snap bean varieties, breeding for white mold resistance is the primary objective of the breeding program for the near future. Material with potential resistance is at various stages of development in the breeding program. Currently, the program is evaluating advanced lines developed using the NY6020 source of resistance. Additional lines in earlier generations with other sources of resistance are being advanced and selected for plant type and disease resistance. Screening for resistance is laborious and restricted to advanced generations. This is because resistance is a quantitative trait and requires evaluation of replicated plant samples to obtain useful data. Two types of tests are used: the greenhouse based straw test where a plug of agar containing actively growing white mold mycelia is placed on a decapitated stem of a plant, and field trials where replicated plots are grown in a field with high risk of disease development with management to encourage disease.

4 3.e. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Overview of Project and Varietal Development: Two events have reduced the size of the green bean breeding program. One was a 48% reduction in funding beginning in 2013 and continuing to present. The other was the discovery in 2013 of bacterial brown spot (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae) in entries entered into the commercial green bean trial. The disease was observed late in the season during harvest for processing evaluation. Brown spot can be seed borne and is considered a quarantinable disease in the seed production areas of the U.S. In the field, bacteria may be transported by water and wind into adjacent materials. In 2013, many lines in the breeding nursery were grown in close proximity to the commercial trial. We harvested seed from our breeding nursery in 2013 but because of concerns about spread of the disease, chose to use 2012 or older seed in We did have seed from many advanced lines from earlier years, but did not have many seed stocks for the early generation materials. As a consequence, most early generation materials were not planted in 2014 and the breeding nursery consisted of 207 lines rather than more than 1,000 that are normally grown. In 2014, brown spot was not observed in the breeding nursery or yield trials, but it was found and confirmed in a contracted green bean trial. The disease was present in one of three reps of Benton (a cultivar known to be highly susceptible to brown spot). Seed used to plant the trial was Idaho grown and should not have been a source of disease. In both years, episodes of higher than normal humidity (associated with thunderstorm activity) occurred. Such conditions produce environmental conditions that favor reproduction of the bacteria and the development of disease symptoms. The organism causing brown spot is endemic to practically all bean growing environments; the organism will grow epiphytically but not cause symptoms until environmental conditions are favorable. Isolates from both 2013 and 2014 were sent to Bob Gilbertson, a plant pathologist at UC-Davis specializing in bacterial diseases of bean. He found that isolates from both years were genetically identical. Taken together, the evidence suggests that bacterial brown spot endemic, and that environmental conditions were favorable for symptom development. In 2014, we conducted two yield and quality evaluation trials. It should be noted that the evaluation of commercial entries was funded entirely by fees from industry. One-hundred seventy-five advanced lines harvested in the field in 2013 were subjected to a drop test to determine resistance to mechanical and imbibitional injury prior to planting in 2014, with approximately 20 lines discarded for poor performance. Sixty advanced lines with putative white mold resistance were screened in the field. Stock seed increase and rogueing was conducted for four released cultivars and various advanced lines. There are a number of advanced selections that carry the NY6020 source of white mold resistance that are in or nearing field testing and processing phase of evaluation. The first of these was grown in preliminary trials in 2011 and approximately 1/3 of these with new additions were grown in the preliminary yield and quality trials conducted this year. Yield Trials: The preliminary green bean yield and quality evaluation trial had 36 advanced experimental lines and six check cultivars (table 1, fig. 1). Three of the checks were commercial bush blue lake cultivars (OR 91G, OR 54, and OSU 5630), one was Sahara as a small sieve check, and two were checks with partial white mold resistance (Cornell 501 and NY ). All lines had been tested the previous year, and 25 had been tested during the prior two years. Four lines were classed as four or four to vie sieves with 75 90% 1-4 sieve pods at maturity while the remainder five or full sieve with percent 1-4 sieve ranging from 50-75%. The trial was planted on June 6 and was harvested days later. Plots were harvested once at optimal maturity (although in some cases a second harvest was conducted if initial harvest was too young.

5 OR 54 was the highest yielding check with a yield of 13.7 T/A. Twenty nine lines had adjusted T/A yields that were not significantly different from OSU Three advanced lines were harvested too young and two were harvested too old. Two advanced lines of interest, 6771 and 6774, had yields of 8.5 and 9.7 T/A, respectively. Data on pod traits and notes from raw product evaluation are shown on table 2. Most lines exhibited good pod quality although some had short pods (6768, 6779, 6893, 6980, and 6993), one had heart cross section shape (6792), and several had pod color that might be too light upon processing (6905, 6973, 6999, 7013,7023, 7025, 7037, 7038, 7043, and 7044). Flavor characteristics for most fit a BBL profile (Table 2). Table 3 shows multiyear performance for advanced lines as well as a stability index. The stability index is calculated as the standard deviation across years divided by the mean and gives an indication of how widely the individual values from each year vary about the mean. Those lines with small stability index values are most stable. Among BBL checks, OR 54 OSU 5630, and OSU 6443 have high yields and are stable. OR 91G has relatively high yields but is less stable. Among experimental lines, a number have relatively high yields and are stable, including 6771 but not Advanced lines considered for release: 6771 and 6774 have now been trialed for four years with performance shown in table 4. Average yields over seven trials have are similar to each other at T/A and lower than the check cultivars. Yields seem to have been lowest in the commercial trials in 2012 and In 2014, the commercial trial had a strong gradient across the field apparently related to root rot disease. The gradient was perpendicular with the reps and therefore could not be accounted for statistically. All plots for the two advanced lines happened to be placed in parts of the field with highest disease incidence whereas the same was not true for the check cultivars, and this may account for the relatively poor performance in the 2014 commercial trial. Another consideration is white mold resistance and table 5 combines yield and stability data with white mold disease index stands out as a line with relatively high yields, good stability and relatively good white mold resistance shows lower yield, less stability and lower disease resistance. It should be noted, that both lines have significantly better disease resistance compared to the BBL checks (table 5, fig. 2). Pod quality of 6774 is superior to 6771, but in processing trials, we have judged 6771 to be acceptable. Seed of these lines has been provided to seed companies for increase. One other advanced line that stands out in table 5 as having good yields, stability and disease resistance is 7025 and it will be scrutinized carefully for pod quality, and if found acceptable will be fast-tracked for seed increase. Commercial Green Bean Trial: This trial was planted on June 24 and harvested days later. The trial included seven five - full sieve green beans, and 16 two to four-five sieve green beans. Two full sieve and one 4 sieve check cultivars and two OSU experimental lines were included (tables 5 7, and figs. 3-4). The check cultivars OR 91G and OSU 5630 were significantly higher yielding than any other line. Highest among the experimentals were CR-1220, SB4641, Huntington, OSU 6771, CR-1322 and SV1098GV. A wide range in yields were observed for the small sieve bean lines with the check Sahara having a yield of 6.6 T/A. The two-sieve cultivar Compass had a rather high yield of 6.0 T/A for an extra fine type. Processing and Quality Evaluation of Experimental Green Beans: Experimental lines from the preliminary trial were sent to the OSU Pilot Plant for processing, along with 91G, OR54, and OSU In the Commercial Trial, all commercial lines along with OSU experimentals were processed and frozen along with the checks 91G, and OSU 5630.

6 Processed and frozen samples were evaluated by researchers 25 November, The commercial lines and some experimentals were then displayed in a cutting at the North West Food Processors Association Meetings in Portland in January, Data from the processed evaluations are currently being analyzed and will be reported at a later date. Though the data from the research evaluation does show how the new lines are doing and which crosses are the most promising, the low number of evaluators does not lead to statistically significant analyses of the results. White Mold Resistance Breeding: Because of limited seed available due to bacterial brown spot, a field screening trial was not conducted in Generation advance of breeding populations and new crosses made in the greenhouse during the winter of 2014 was conducted. In compensation for reduced funding from OPVC, we have begun conducting white mold screening for commercial companies on a fee per plot basis.

7 4. BUDGET DETAILS 1) Breeding (Myers) Salaries and benefits Faculty Research Assistant 14,063 69% 9,695 Wages and benefits Student Wages 0 8% 0 Supplies 500 Travel 0 Plot Fees 0 Total $24,258 2) Processing Evaluation (Yorgey) Salaries and benefits Senior Faculty Research Assistant 2,547 60% 1,528 Wages and benefits Student wages 1,300 OPE (@ 8% 104 Supplies 1,344 Total $6,823 Grand Total $31,081 Budget Justification: Salary and OPE is requested for a full time faculty research assistant who will commit approximately a half their time to green bean breeding The remainder of salary will come from other sources with total projected salary of $37, ,575 OPE (61%) = $59,859. For the senior faculty research assistant, approximately 0.1 FTE will be required to process entries from green bean trials; the remainder of salary to come from other sources. Undergraduate student wages of $7,000 and $2,600 are requested for the breeding and processing programs, respectively with 8% OPE. Funds for services and supplies for the breeding program covers land use fee (2 hectares at $2800/ha = $4,800), greenhouse fee (1,000 sq. ft. at $1.55/ sq. ft. = $1,550) and $1,000 to cover vehicle transport between campus and the farm, and various materials used for plot work.

8 Table 1. Performance of advanced green bean lines in a preliminary yield trial, OSU Vegetable Research Farm, Jun 6 planting, Corvallis, z Est. Sieve Size Percent Sieve Size y Line Days to Harvest Stand %1-4 Sieve Av Tons/Acre OR 91G OR Cornell NY Sahara OSU Av Adj Tons/Acre x

9 Table 1. (continued) Est. Sieve Size Percent Sieve Size y Line Days to Harvest Stand %1-4 Sieve Av Tons/Acre LSD z Mean of 3 replications; subplots of 5' were harvested from 18' plots in rows 30" apart. y Percent calculated as % of total of 1-6 sieve beans. x Tons/Acre adjusted to 50% 1-4 sieve for full and 5 sieve beans; yields for smaller sieve lines were not adjusted. Av Adj Tons/Acre x

10 Table 2. Notes on preliminary green bean lines, June 6 planting, OSU Vegetable Research Farm, Corvallis, Flavor z Entry Pod Pod Pod Pod Pod Sweet- Astrin- Perfumi- Notes w Length (cm) Straightness Cross Section y Smoothness Color x ness gency ness OR 91G 18 5 h-r Oval tendency in smaller sieve sizes in this trial. RC. OR r NY r Sahara 15 8 r-cb sv pods somewhat bumpy although seed development is minimal. OSU r r r Nice looking bean although may be short for 5 sv r Pods too long and very curved r-cb Short but attractive looking bean r-cb r-cb Very long pods somewhat curved in higher sieve sizes. Some battering in the grader due to pod length r Somewhat bumpy pods esp in 5 & 6 sv, flat in 4 sv r Can be pushed to 50% 1-4 sv, but better as a 5 sv h Mostly heart cross section but a few round - may be able to select round sps. Very smooth and straight but doesn t seem to be particularly high fiber r Long relatively straight pods; moderately seedy 6 sv, beginning in 5sv r Tough skin which may influence straightness. Pods somewhat bumpy.

11 Table 2. (continued) Flavor z Entry Pod Pod Pod Pod Pod Sweet- Astrin- Perfumi- Notes w Length (cm) Straightness Cross Section y Smoothness Color x ness gency ness r-cb Six sieve is curved and junky, some blanking in all sieve sizes. Mixed development in this line in this trial r Missed this one. Very bumpy but otherwise nice r A bit over mature compared to other lines r-cb Very attractive long pods; good yields and wm tolerance overall a very nice bean r Long attractive pods, some slightly curved & heart shaped. One light colored OT r Attractive dark green long pods with slight curve o-r Tough skin, oval tendency, bumpy pods even in smaller sieve sizes r Shiny pods and fairly straight. May be variable for round-heart. Color mix in plot r Very short pods for its sieve size. It can harvested at 50% 1-4 sv without loss of quality. Very concentrated set r Not the straightest but an attractive bean r r-cb Nice 4 sv, not as dark as 6993 but acceptable r VERY attractive 4 sv - uniform with dark green pods r Systematic curve and color may be light, but otherwise a nice bean r Some short and junky pods.

12 Table 2. (continued) Flavor z Entry Pod Pod Pod Pod Pod Sweet- Astrin- Perfumi- Notes w Length (cm) Straightness Cross Section y Smoothness Color x ness gency ness r-cb Probably too light but very sweet r Significant flat mix in this line affecting all sieve size except h-r Color may be too light, lots of polywogs and junky pods r h Hook shaped pods, may be too light color r May be too light color. Very concentrated set r Too light and many crooked pods particularly in smaller sieves. Picked a day or two early r Very curly, fish hooky pods r Pods very curly esp in 3 & 4sv. Color is light r Pods somewhat curved, very light in color. z Scale of 1-9 where 1 is least or worst and 9 is most or best. y Cross section: r = round, h = heart, cb = crease-back. y Scores based on a 1-9 scale with 9 darkest. Standard BBL color is rated as 5. w RC: reverse curve; sv: sieve; wm: white mold; OT: off type; polywog: short one seeded pod.

13 Table 3. Yield of OSU experimental green bean lines grown at the Vegetable research farm from Checks are indicated by shading Ave adj Line Average adjusted T/A T/A over years Stability Index z OR OSU OR 91G OSU OSU 6774 y Cornell

14 Table 3. (continued) Ave adj Line Average adjusted T/A T/A over years Stability Index z NY LSD z Stability index calculated as the standard deviation divided by the mean; the smaller the number, the more stable the line - those lines <0.15 are most stable. y Data for 2012 from the commercial bean trial. Table 4. Average adjusted T/A for elite green bean lines and checks from 2011 to 2014 grown at the Vegetable Research Farm. Entry YT1 YT1 Comm YT1 Comm YT1 Comm Ave adj T/A 6774 Ave OSU OR 91G LSD

15 Table 5. Comparison of yield and stability over years and white mold disease index from 2013 for experimental green bean lines and checks grown in trials at the OSU Vegetable Research Farm. Line T/A z Stability Index y Disease Index x Line T/A z Stability Index y Disease Index x NY OR OSU OR 91G OSU LSD LSD z Adjusted average T/A from Some entries have only two years of data (see Table 3). y Stability index calculated as standard deviation/mean as shown in table 3. x White mold disease index (geometric mean of % incidence and severity) from field trials conducted in Lines with smaller numbers are more resistant.

16 Table 6. Performance of commercial green bean varieties, June 24 planting, OSU Vegetable Research Farm, Corvallis, Percent Sieve Size z Tons/Acre Sieve Size Cultivar Source AV Stand Sieve size Days Graded Total y OR 91G* OSU (ck) OR 91G OSU 5630 OSU (ck) OSU 5630* OSU 6771 OSU OSU 6771* OSU 6774 OSU OSU 6774* * Pureline Pureline * Pureline * Pureline * F19 Pureline F19* F GB1000 Pureline GB1000* GB B516 Brotherton B516* B

17 Table 6. (continued) Percent Sieve Size z Tons/Acre Sieve Size Cultivar Source AV Stand Sieve size Days Graded Total y 2012B463 Brotherton B463* B B512 Brotherton B512* B B522 Brotherton B522* B COMPASS Brotherton COMPASS* COMPASS DW630 Brotherton DW630* DW CR-1114 Crites CR-1114* CR CR-1218 Crites CR-1218* CR CR-1220 Crites CR-1220* CR CR-1322 Crites CR-1322* CR Sahara HM Sahara*

18 Table 6. (continued) Percent Sieve Size z Tons/Acre Sieve Size Cultivar Source AV Stand Sieve size Days Graded Total y Sahara Ambition Syngenta Ambition* Ambition Huntington Syngenta Huntington* Pismo Syngenta Pismo* Pismo SB4641 Syngenta SB4641* SB SB4644 Syngenta SB4644* SB SV1098GV Seminis SV1098GV* SV1098GV Sybaris Seminis Sybaris* Sybaris z Percent calculated as % of total of 1-6 sieve beans. y Total tons/acre of the graded beans, including sieve sizes 1-6. *Harvested for processing.

19 Table 7. Statistical comparison of yields of commercial green bean lines, Corvallis, 2014 z. Cultivar Sieve size T/A Unadjusted T/A Adjusted y OR 91G OSU OSU OSU F GB B B B B COMPASS DW CR CR CR CR Sahara Ambition Huntington Pismo SB SB SV1098GV Sybaris LSD z Based on one selected harvest for each variety (marked with * on Table 3), which was usually the harvest closest to optimal based on that variety's intended use (50% 1-4 sieve for full sieve). Yields are field yields of 1-6 sieve beans. y Full (5 and 6) sieve beans were adjusted to 50% 1-4 sieve; all others were unadjusted.

20 Table 8. Notes on June 24 commercial bean trial, OSU Vegetable Research Farm, Corvallis, Oregon, Line Pod Length (cm) Pod Straightness z Pod Cross Section y Pod Smoothness z Pod Color x Sweetness Flavor z Astringency Perfuminess Notes w OR 91G 17 5 r r Short podded BBL type. Hooked pods in smaller sieves - possibly response to heat. Also has an oval/flat mix in smaller sieves. OSU r OSU r-cb OSU r Very attractive dark green BBL type with long pods h May have an oval tendency r o-h-r Wax bean with good color. Mix of pod shapes - some oval, some heart, and some round. 2011B r B r B o-r Long slender mostly oval w/ few round pods. Some pt strings. 2012B o-h Line has an oval tendency perhaps more pronounced in this trial - otherwise long slender straight bean. Ambition 14 8 r Attractive pods - straight & uniform with good color. COMPASS r Attractive bean w/ different flavor profile. Pods a bit tough as is typical of extra fine types.

21 Table 8. (continued) Line Pod Length (cm) Pod Straightness z Pod Cross Section y Pod Smoothness z Pod Color x Sweetness Flavor z Astringency Perfuminess CR r Long spurs; many blanks and junky pods in 3 sv. CR r Many spent flower blossoms attached to pods - may be more prone to white mold as a result. CR r Attractive bean with RC. CR r Oval mix. DW r Bright colored wax bean. Possibly a green podded mix. F r Oval tendency esp smaller sieve sizes. GB r Very attractive pc type. Split set. Huntington 15 6 r-cb Pismo r Some battering in the grader. Sahara r SB r SB r Notes w Need to check color against BBL type. SV1098GV 14 5 r Attractive pc type. Nice colored bean but a bit Sybaris r curvy. May have EZ pick trait. z Scale of 1-9 where 1 is least or worst and 9 is most or best. y Cross section: r = round, h = heart, cb = crease-back. x Scores based on a 1-9 scale with 9 darkest. Standard BBL color is rated as 5. w BBL: bush blue lake; RC: reverse curve.

22 NY G Cornell Sahara OR Ave adj T/A Figure 1. Average adjusted T/A of experimental and check green bean lines grown in a yield trial at the OSU Vegetable Research Farm in 2014.

23 White mold disease index y = x R² = Average adjusted T/A Figure 2. Scatter plot of white mold disease index vs. T/A yield of green bean lines and checks grown at the OSU Vegetable Research Farm. Check cultivars are omitted with only experimental lines being shown. White mold data is from 2013 and T/A yield data is averaged over

24 Adj. T/A Commercial Bean Adjusted T/A Full Sieve Varieties G 5630 CR-1220 SB4641 Huntington 6771 CR-1322 SV1098GV CR-1218 Figure 3. Adjusted T/A yield for five full sieve green bean lines grown in a yield trial at the OSU Vegetable Research Farm in 2014.

25 T/A Unadjusted Commercial Bean T/A Small Sieve Varieties Figure 4. T/A yield for two to four sieve green bean lines grown in a yield trial at the OSU Vegetable Research Farm in Sieve size indicated above bar.