Cucurbit Crops. Cucumber

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1 Cucurbit Crops Family: Cucurbitaceae Vine Crops (Although some have extremely shortened internodes) Warm Season Annuals Naturally outcrossing Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Melon Cantaloupe & Honeydew (Cucumis melo) Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Squash & Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo, C. maxima & C. moschata) Cucumber Cucumis sativus Center of Origin: India Types: American Slicer American Pickle European Pickle European Greenhouse Beit Alpha Armenian Asian/Japanese/Burpless Lemon Gherkin European Pickle American Slicer Dutch Cuke English Cuke European Greenhouse

2 Lemon Cucumber Armenian Cucumber Snake Cucumber Asian Cucumber Burpless Cucumber Mechanized harvest for processing types Flower Development Cucumis anguria Monoecious - Typical Gynoecious - Advantages Parthenocarpic Needed for Gy Andromonoecious Specialty Types

3 Post Harvest - Cucumbers Immature Fruit Cool as soon as possible after harvest Fruits continue to ripen at temperatures >50 o F Optimum Temperature: 50 to 55 o F Optimum Relative Humidity: 95% Shelf-life: 10 to 14 days Chilling injury at temperatures <50 o F Melon Cucumis metuliferus Cucumis melo Center of Origin: Western Africa or Middle East? Reticulatus group: all types with netting, fruit slips off the vine, musky aroma cantaloupe, muskmelon, western shipper Inodorus group: smooth skin, does not slip Honeydew, casaba, crenshaw, winter melon Cantalupensis group: rough skin, no net, slips off the vine Not typically grown in the US

4 Inodorus group Reticulatus group

5 Flower Development Andromonoecious - Typical Monoecious Gynoecious Breeders currently working to make Gy cultivars No Parthenocarpy currently available Post Harvest - Melon Mature Fruit Cool as soon as possible after harvest Optimum cooling temperature = 40 o F Optimum Temperature: 36 to 45 o F Optimum Relative Humidity: 90 to 95% Shelf-life: 2 to 3 weeks Chilling injury at temperatures <50 o F for prolonged periods (2 to 3 weeks) Ethylene sensitive Watermelon Citrullus lanatus Center of Origin: Tropical Africa

6 Flower Development Monoecious Typical Andromonoecious No Gynoecious currently available No Parthenocarpy currently available Seedless Watermelon from triploids Creating Seedless Watermelon Diploid Watermelon (AA) 2x = 22 High Fertility Diploid Watermelon (AA) 2x = 22 High Fertility X Tetraploid Watermelon (AAAA) 4x = 44 Low Fertility Chromosome Doubling Triploid Watermelon (AAA) 3x = 33 Very Low Fertility (Seedless) Lots of selection for seed set Tetraploid Watermelon (AAAA) 4x = 44 Very Low Fertility Post Harvest - Watermelon Mature Fruit Cool as soon as possible after harvest Optimum cooling temperature = 40 o F Optimum Temperature: 50 to 60 o F Optimum Relative Humidity: 90 to 95% Shelf-life: 2 to 3 weeks Chilling injury at temperatures <50 o F for longer than a few days Considered Ethylene insensitive

7 Squash & Pumpkin Cucurbita pepo Summer squash (Yellow, zucchini & scallop) Winter squash (Acorn) Small pumpkins (pie/miniatures) Cucurbita maxima Large pumpkins (decorative & jumbo s) Winter squash (Hubbard, Delicious, etc ) Cucurbita moschata Large pumpkins (cheese & crookneck) Winter squash (Butternut) Cucurbita pepo Zucchini Summer Squash Vine Types Cucurbita pepo Summer Squash Yellow Straight Neck Summer Squash Cucurbita pepo Acorn Squash Winter Squash Cucurbita pepo Spoon Gourd

8 Cucurbita moschata Cheese Pumpkin Cucurbita maxima Post Harvest Squash & Pumpkin Mature Fruit No cooling required Optimum Temperature: >50 o F Optimum Relative Humidity: 50 to 75% Shelf-life: 6 to 8 weeks to 6 months (type) Immature Fruit Benefit from cooling Optimum Temperature: 41 to 50 o F Optimum Relative Humidity: 95% Shelf-life: 1 to 2 weeks

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