H '= "# p i. ln( p i. Successional changes in diversity. Species richness. Quantifying diversity - Species richness and relative abundance

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1 Successional changes in diversity Species richness Quantifying diversity - Species richness and relative abundance Species abundance distribution Shannon-Weiner diversity: Rank abundance curve S H '= "# p i ln( p i ) i =1

2 Bishop s Backbone Forest 2 ha surveyed Sasha Lodge 07 Ellen Thompson 08 Amy Kessler 09 Kaleb Keyserling 09 S H '= "# p i ln( p i ) i =1 sp count p_i ln p_i p_i * ln p_i Acer saccharum Ostrya virginiana Fagus grandifolia Prunus serotina Carya cordiformus Liriodendron tulipifera Cornus florida Ulmus rubra Quercus alba Celtis occidentalis Fraxinus americana Crataegus spp Ailantus altissima Carya ovata Acer negundo Carya tomentosa Rosa multiflora Ligustrum ovalifolium Quercus rubra Quercus velutina Vitis spp Juglans nigra Ulmus americana Carya glabra Sassafras albidum Acer rubrum Magnolia acuminata Parthenocissus quinquefolia Prunus avium Tilia americana Aesculus glabra Carya spp Cornus racemosa Euonymus atropurpureus sum

3 S H '= "# p i ln( p i ) i =1 sp count p_i ln p_i p_i * ln p_i Acer saccharum Ostrya virginiana Fagus grandifolia Prunus serotina Carya cordiformus Liriodendron tulipifera Cornus florida Ulmus rubra Quercus alba Celtis occidentalis Fraxinus americana Crataegus spp Ailantus altissima Carya ovata Acer negundo Carya tomentosa Rosa multiflora Ligustrum ovalifolium Quercus rubra Quercus velutina Vitis spp Juglans nigra Ulmus americana Carya glabra Sassafras albidum Acer rubrum Magnolia acuminata Parthenocissus quinquefolia Prunus avium Tilia americana Aesculus glabra Carya spp Cornus racemosa Euonymus atropurpureus sum S H '= "# p i ln( p i ) i =1 sp count p_i ln p_i p_i * ln p_i Acer saccharum Ostrya virginiana Fagus grandifolia Prunus serotina Carya cordiformus Liriodendron tulipifera Cornus florida Ulmus rubra Quercus alba Celtis occidentalis Fraxinus americana Crataegus spp Ailantus altissima Carya ovata Acer negundo Carya tomentosa Rosa multiflora Ligustrum ovalifolium Quercus rubra Quercus velutina Vitis spp Juglans nigra Ulmus americana Carya glabra Sassafras albidum Acer rubrum Magnolia acuminata Parthenocissus quinquefolia Prunus avium Tilia americana Aesculus glabra Carya spp Cornus racemosa Euonymus atropurpureus sum

4 S H '= "# p i ln( p i ) i =1 sp count p_i ln p_i p_i * ln p_i Acer saccharum Ostrya virginiana Fagus grandifolia Prunus serotina Carya cordiformus Liriodendron tulipifera Cornus florida Ulmus rubra Quercus alba Celtis occidentalis Fraxinus americana Crataegus spp Ailantus altissima Carya ovata Acer negundo Carya tomentosa Rosa multiflora Ligustrum ovalifolium Quercus rubra Quercus velutina Vitis spp Juglans nigra Ulmus americana Carya glabra Sassafras albidum Acer rubrum Magnolia acuminata Parthenocissus quinquefolia Prunus avium Tilia americana Aesculus glabra Carya spp Cornus racemosa Euonymus atropurpureus sum Proportional abundance Frequency Octave (log 2 Abundance) S Rank H '= "# p i ln( p i ) = 2.04 Richness = 34 species i =1

5 Heterogeneity and MacArthur s Warblers Competitive dominants only Stress Tolerators? Ruderals only

6 Scale-dependence of Diversity (Whittaker)!-diversity (alpha): local site "-diversity (beta): between sites #-diversity (gamma): regional (across all sites) Note: alpha and gamma diversity can just be measured as number of species, but beta diversity represents the turnover of species based on the distance between sites.

7 Alpha diversity Local Diveristy

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9 Alpha diversity Alpha diversity

10 Beta diversity How diversity changes over geographic space Beta diversity How diversity changes over geographic space 2 spp. in common of 6 total

11 Gamma diversity Diversity within a region

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19 Gamma diversity or Alpha diversity? Beta diversity

20 Gamma diversity