2017 Rule Change Proposal 28

Transcription

1 2017 Rule Change Proposal 28 Purpose: (1) To clarify the definition of chaffy seed; (2) To add a definition for super-chaffy seed and hulled seed to the glossary; (3) To replace the term rubbed seed with hulled seed in Table 2A; (4) To identify the kinds of seeds recommended to be classified as super-chaffy; and (5) To add purity tolerance tables to Section 14, Volume 1, for super chaffy species. Current and Proposed Rules: Excerpts from Volume 1 Appendix 3 (proposed changes indicated in red text) APPENDIX 3: GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR PURE SEED UNITS seed. Seed units that adhere to other seed units or other surfaces because of their structure or texture, making it difficult to sample a seed lot or mixture and divide a representative working sample. This definition is not applicable to coated/, pelleted/, encrusted, or dehulled seeds that are normally classified as chaffy whether as a single kind under consideration or as components of seed mixtures. Hulled seed. Seed units ordinarily with various structures, including but not limited to wings, hairs, spines, awns, sterile florets, calyces, etc., attached to or surrounding the seed (or caryopsis) that have these structures partially or completely removed during seed conditioning to improve seed flow and plantability. Super chaffy seed. Seed units that tangle with other seed units or inert matter and adhere to other seed units or other surfaces because of their structure or texture, or kinds of seed that are difficult to clean and condition because of their fragile structures, thus making it only possible to sample a seed lot using the hand method and difficult to mix and divide a representative working sample using a mechanical divider. This definition is not applicable to coated, pelleted, encrusted, or hulled seeds that are normally classified as super-chaffy whether as a single kind under consideration or as components of seed mixtures. Excerpts from Volume 1 - Table 2A (proposed changes indicated in red text) [Explanation: The excerpt from Table 2A (Vol. 1) contains all species currently classified as chaffy. The designations for chaffy and super chaffy are defined in the heading of column two of Table 2A and footnote a, which refers the user to Section 14 regarding tolerances. Please note for species classified as chaffy in the table below there is no change in the current classification; only the symbol indicating the status as chaffy is modified from Yes to C.] For review purposes only, super chaffy kinds are highlighted with grey fill in the table. PSU # (C) 42 Yes C Abronia spp. sandverbena Acer saccharum Marshall sugar maple Acer spicatum Lam. mountain maple

2 (C) 12 Yes C 12 Yes SC 12 Yes SC 22 Yes C 22 Yes C 22 Yes C 13 Yes C 13 Yes C 13 Yes C 13 Yes C 13 Yes C 13 Yes C 30 Yes C 13 Yes SC 13 Yes SC 13 Yes SC Acer tataricum L. subsp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm. Amur maple Achnatherum hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Barkworth Indian ricegrass Achnatherum thurberianum (Piper) Barkworth Thurber needlegrass Achnatherum spp. needlegrass Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. fairway crested wheatgrass Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult. standard crested wheatgrass Agropyron spp. wheatgrass Agrostis canina L. velvet bentgrass Agrostis capillaris L. colonial bentgrass Agrostis capillaris L. colonial bentgrass Astoria Agrostis capillaris L. colonial bentgrass Highland Agrostis gigantea Roth redtop Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw. creeping bentgrass Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle tree-of-heaven, ailanthus Alcea rosea L. hollyhock Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. creeping foxtail Alopecurus pratensis L. meadow foxtail Alopecurus spp. foxtail Amberboa moschata (L.) DC. sweet sultan

3 (C) 42 Yes C Ambrosia spp. bursage, ragweed 9 Yes C Amorpha spp. indigo 16 Yes SC 16 Yes SC 16 Yes SC 16 Yes SC Andropogon gerardi Vitman big bluestem Andropogon hallii Hack. sand bluestem Andropogon virginicus L. broomsedge bluestem Andropogon spp. bluestem 39 Yes C Anemone pulsatilla L. anemone 39 Yes C Anemone spp. anemone 11 Yes C Anethum graveolens L. dill Anthoxanthum odoratum L. sweet vernalgrass 1 Yes C Antirrhinum spp. snapdragon 11 Yes C Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) DC. and var. rapaceum (Mill.) Gaud 12 Yes SC 46 Yes C 14 Yes SC 50 Yes SC 50 Yes SC 50 Yes SC 50 Yes SC 3 Yes C Aristida stricta Michx. pineland threeawn Armeria spp. armeria Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl tall oatgrass Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana sagewort Artemisia nova A. Nelson black sagebrush Artemisia tridentata Nutt. big sagebrush Artemisia spp. sagebrush, wormwood Asclepias incarnata L. swamp milkweed

4 (C) 38 Yes SC 38 Yes SC Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. fourwing saltbush Atriplex spp. saltbush Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm. carpetgrass 50 Yes C Baccharis spp. mule-fat 38 Yes SC Bassia prostrata (L.) A. J. Scott forage kochia 38 Yes SC Bassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott Trichophylla summer cypress, Mexican firebush Bebbia spp. sweetbush 13 Yes SC Beckmannia spp. sloughgrass 41 Yes C Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris beet, mangel and Swiss chard 41 Yes C Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris field and sugar beet (incl. multigerm types) Betula alleghaniensis Britton yellow birch Betula lenta L. sweet birch Betula nigra L. river birch Betula papyrifera Marshall paper birch Betula pendula Roth European white birch Betula populifolia Marshall gray birch Bidens spp. beggarticks, sticktight 13 Yes C Blepharoneuron spp. pine-dropseed 15 Yes SC Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng yellow bluestem

5 (C) 15 Yes SC Bothriochloa spp. beardgrass Yes SC Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. side-oats grama (single florets and/or caryopses) (other than single florets and/or caryopses) Yes C Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus buffalograss (burs) (caryopses) 23 Yes SC Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths blue grama Bromus arvensis L. field brome Bromus carinatus Hook & Arn. var. marginatus (Steud.) Barkworth & Anderton mountain brome Bromus catharticus Vahl var. catharticus rescuegrass Bromus hordeaceus L. soft chess 22 Yes C Bromus inermis Leyss. subsp. inermis smooth brome Bromus spp. brome 12 Yes C Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. bluejoint 12 Yes C Calamagrostis spp. reedgrass 12 Yes C Calamovilfa spp. sandreed 27 Yes C Calendula officinalis L. calendula, pot marigold 2 Yes C Calliandra spp. fairy-duster 4 Yes C Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin incense cedar 42 Yes C Carex spp. sedge 1 Yes C Castilleja spp. Indian paintbrush, paintbrush

6 (C) 3 Yes C Catalpa bignonioides Walter southern catalpa 3 Yes C Catalpa speciosa E. Y. Teas northern catalpa 2 Yes C Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) G. Manetti ex Carriere Atlas cedar 2 Yes C Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don deodar cedar 2 Yes C Cedrus libani A. Rich. cedar-of-lebanon Centaurea cineraria L. dusty-miller 18 Yes C Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone pearl millet Yes SC Cenchrus ciliaris L. buffelgrass (caryopses) (fascicles) 18 Yes SC Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Norrone napiergrass Centaurea cyanus L. bachelor s-button, cornflower Centaurea gymnocarpa Moris & DeNot. velvet centaurea Centaurea imperialis Hausskn. ex Bornm. royal centaurea Centaurea macrocephala Muss. Puschk. ex Willd. big-head knapweed Centaurea montana L. mountain-bluet 43 Yes C Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. Jupiter s-beard 39 Yes C Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray curlleaf mountain-mahogany 39 Yes C Cercocarpus montanus Raf. var. montanus true mountain-mahogany 39 Yes C Cercocarpus spp. mountain-mahogany 50 Yes C Chaenactis spp. dusty-maiden

7 (C) 4 Yes C Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl. Port Orford cedar 4 Yes C Chamaecyparis spp. cedar Chloris gayana Kunth rhodesgrass 50 Yes SC Chrysothamnus spp. rabbitbrush 8 Yes C Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees crossandra 4 Yes C Cupressus arizonica Greene Arizona cypress 11 Yes C Cymopterus spp. spring-parsley Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. aridus J. R. Harlan & de Wet giant bermudagrass Yes C Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon bermudagrass: unhulled hulled 10 Yes C Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J. R. Drumm. Chinese forget-me-not 24 Yes C Dactylis glomerata L. orchardgrass 32 Yes C Dasylirion spp. sotol 11 Yes C Daucus carota L. subsp. carota Queen Anne s-lace 11 Yes C Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Schübl. & G. Martens carrot 12 Yes C Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. tufted hairgrass 12 Yes C Deschampsia spp. hairgrass 2 Yes C Desmodium spp. tickclover, tick-trefoil Digitaria spp. cottontop, crabgrass 12 Yes C Disakisperma spp. sprangletop

8 (C) 50 Yes C Doellingeria spp. whitetop 50 Yes C Dyssodia spp. prairie-dog-weed 45 Yes C Echinops ritro L. small globethistle Rubbed hulled seed Raw seed Ehrharta calycina Sm. perennial veldtgrass Elymus canadensis L. Canada wildrye 21 Yes SC Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey bottlebrush-squirreltail Elymus macrourus (Turcz. ex Steud.) Tzvelev Tufted wheatgrass, angara wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners subsp. trachycaulus slender wheatgrass 22 Yes C Elymus virginicus L. Virginia wildrye Elymus wawawaiensis J. R. Carlson & Barkworth Snake River wheatgrass 50 Yes C Encelia spp. brittlebush 12 Yes C Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter teff 30 Yes C Eremalche spp. mallow 17 Yes C Eremopyrum spp. annual wheatgrass 28 Yes SC Ericameria nauseosa (Pall. ex Pursh) G.L. Nesom & G.I. Baird rubber rabbitbrush Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) DC. Oregon fleabane 50 Yes C Erigeron spp. fleabane 29 Yes SC Eriogonum spp. buckwheat, umbrella plan 44 Yes C Erodium cicutarium (L.) L Hér. alfilaria

9 (C) 11 Yes C Eryngium spp. eryngo 1 Yes C Eucalyptus deglupta Blume Mindanao gum 1 Yes C Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden rose gum Eupatorium spp. boneset 39 Yes C Fallugia spp. Apache-plume Festuca arundinacea Schreb. tall fescue Festuca filiformis Pourr. hair fescue 22 Yes C Festuca ovina L. sheep fescue Festuca pratensis Huds. meadow fescue 22 Yes C Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Markgr-Dann. chewings fescue 22 Yes C Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra red and creeping red fescue 22 Yes C Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Krajina hard fescue Festuca spp. fescue Fraxinus americana L. white ash Fraxinus excelsior L. European ash Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon ash Fraxinus nigra Marshall black ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg. green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. pennsylvanica green ash

10 (C) 28 Yes SC Gaillardia aristata Pursh gaillardia, perennial 28 Yes SC Gaillardia pulchella Foug. var. picta (Sweet) A. Gray gaillardia, annual 28 Yes SC Gaillardia spp. gallardia Yes SC Gazania rigens (L.) Gaertn. pied gazania Rubbed hulled seed Gerbera jamesonii Adlam transvaal-daisy 39 Yes C Geum spp. geum 12 Yes C Glyceria spp. mannagrass 38 Yes SC Gomphrena globosa L. globe amaranth 8 Yes C Gossypium spp. cotton 38 Yes SC 12 Yes SC 12 Yes SC 12 Yes SC 8 Yes C 17 Yes SC Grayia spinosa (Hook.) Moq. spiny hopsage Helenium spp. sneezeweed, helenium Hesperostipa comata (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth needle-and-thread Hesperostipa spp. porcupine grass Heteropogon spp. tanglehead Hibiscus spp. hibiscus Hilaria spp. curly-mesquite, hilaria Holcus lanatus L. velvetgrass 39 Yes SC Holodiscus spp. ocean-spray 17 Yes SC Hordeum spp. meadow barley, wild barley

11 (C) 38 Yes SC Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. prairie junegrass Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A. D. J. Meeuse & A. Smit winterfat 9 Yes C Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino Korean lespedeza 9 Yes C Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. common lespedeza, striate lespedeza 30 Yes SC Larrea spp. creosotebush 50 Yes C Lasthenia californica DC. ex Lindl. California goldfields 50 Yes C Lasthenia spp. goldfields 50 Yes SC Layia platyglossa (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) A. Gray tidytips daisy 9 Yes C Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don sericea lespedeza, Chinese lespedeza 9 Yes C Lespedeza juncea (L. f.) Pers. Siberian lespedeza Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) Á. Löve basin wildrye Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. marsh blazingstar Liatris spp. gayfeather 11 Yes C Ligusticum spp. ligusticum 46 Yes SC Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. statice Liriodendron tulipifera L. tulip-poplar, yellow-poplar Lolium multiflorum Lam. annual ryegrass (Italian ryegrass) Lolium perenne L. perennial ryegrass Lolium hybridum Hausskn. intermediate ryegrass

12 (C) 11 Yes C Lomatium spp. biscuitroot 42 Yes C Lomelosia caucasica (M. Bieb.) Greuter & Burdet perennial scabiosa 4 Yes C Lunaria annua L. lunaria, honesty, moneyplant 28 Yes SC Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Kunth) Nees Tahoka daisy, tansy aster 4 Yes C Matthiola incana (L.) W.T. Aiton common stocks 4 Yes C Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. subsp. bicornis (Sm.) P. W. Ball evening-scented stocks 9 Yes C Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. spotted burclover: in bur out of bur 9 Yes C Medicago polymorpha L. California burclover: in bur out of bur Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs guineagrass Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs green panicgrass Melica spp. melicgrass Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. molassesgrass 3 Yes C Nemesia spp. nemesia 22 Yes C Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey western wheatgrass Paspalum dilatatum Poir. dallisgrass Paspalum urvillei Steud. vaseygrass 11 Yes C Pastinaca sativa L. parsnip 44 1 Yes C 37 Yes C Pelargonium spp. geranium Rubbed hulled seed Platanus occidentalis L. American sycamore, American planetree

13 (C) Yes SC Pleuraphis jamesii Torr. galleta grass: other than caryopses caryopses 17 Yes C Pleuraphis spp. tobosagrass Poa annua L. annual bluegrass Poa arachnifera Torr. Texas bluegrass 47 Yes C Poa bulbosa L. bulbous bluegrass 23 Yes C Poa compressa L. Canada bluegrass Poa glauca Vahl glaucantha bluegrass Poa nemoralis L. wood bluegrass 23 Yes C Poa pratensis L. (incl. all cvs.) Kentucky bluegrass Poa secunda J. Presl Nevada bluegrass 23 Yes C Poa trivialis L. rough bluegrass 8 Yes C Populus spp. poplar 46 Yes SC Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski Russian wildrye Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Á. Löve beardless wheatgrass Psylliostachys suworowii (Regel) Roshkova statice 39 Yes C Purshia mexicana (D. Don) S. L. Welsh cliff-rose 2 Yes C Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. antelope bitterbrush 39 Yes C Ranunculus spp. ranunculus 29 Yes C Rheum rhabarbarum L. rhubarb

14 (C) 40 Yes C Sanguisorba minor Scop. little burnet 42 YesSC Scabiosa atropurpurea L. annual mourning-bride 16 Yes SC Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash little bluestem 4 Yes C Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. redwood 4 Yes C Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) J. Buchholz giant sequoia 1 Yes C Solanum lycopersicum L. var. lycopersicum tomato 50 Yes C Solidago odora Aiton anise-scent goldenrod 15 Yes SC 15 Yes SC Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash yellow indiangrass Sorghastrum spp. indiangrass 3 Yes C Syringa vulgaris L. common lilac Tagetes erecta L. African marigold Tagetes patula L. French marigold Tagetes spp. marigold Tagetes tenuifolia Cav. signet marigol 22 Yes C Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey subsp. barbulatum (Schur) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey pubescent wheatgrass 22 Yes C Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey subsp. intermedium intermediate wheatgrass 22 Yes C Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey tall wheatgrass 4 Yes C Thuja occidentalis L. northern white cedar, eastern arborvitae 4 Yes C Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don western red cedar, giant arborvitae

15 (C) Ulmus americana L. American elm Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. Chinese elm Ulmus pumila L. Siberian elm 12 Yes C Vulpia spp. small fescue a Refer to Section 14 for the application of tolerances for chaffy, super chaffy, and non-chaffy seeds. Appropriate excerpts from Volume 1 Section 14a, b and c. Proposed changes are indicated in red text Purity tolerances. a. General. The same tolerances are used for all four components of a purity analysis, namely: pure seed, other crop seed, weed seed, and inert matter. Tolerances for chaffy and super chaffy seeds differ from those for non-chaffy seeds. The bases for the purity tolerances are stated in Miles (1963). Kinds with chaffy or super chaffy seeds are indicated in column 2 of Table 2A; all other kinds in Table 2A shall be considered non-chaffy seeds. A mixture shall be considered chaffy if the total of all chaffy seeds is 33 percent or more and non-chaffy if the total of all chaffy seeds is less than 33 percent. If a sample (unmixed seed or a mixture) is classified as non-chaffy, all components shall be considered non-chaffy. Likewise, If a sample is classified as chaffy, all components shall be considered chaffy. A mixture shall be considered super chaffy if the total of all super chaffy seeds or combination of chaffy and super chaffy seeds is 33 percent or more and non-chaffy if the total of all super chaffy seed or combination of super chaffy and chaffy seeds is less than 33 percent. If a sample is classified as super chaffy, all components shall be considered super chaffy. If a sample (unmixed seed or a mixture) is classified as non-chaffy, all components shall be considered non-chaffy. The table numbers of all other tables in Section 14 will need to be adjusted. Purity tolerances, as defined in Miles (1963), are divided into two categories; regular and special. The regular tolerances (section 14.2 b, Tables 14A and 14B) are used when the kind or kinds of seed under consideration in a sample have about the same weight per seed; that is the particle-weight ratio is 1:1 to 1.44:1. The special tolerances (section 14.2 c, Tables 14D and 14E and 14F) are used when a sample consists of a mixture of kinds or cultivars with different single-seed sizes by weight; that is the particle-weight ratio is 1.45:1 to 19.9:1. b. Regular tolerances. The regular tolerances in Tables 14A and 14B are used when the sample contains only one kind of pure seed or when it contains more than one kind or cultivar but all have nearly the same weight per seed (approximately the same number of

16 seeds per gram). Tables 14A and 14B can be used to compare two test results for any component of a purity test (i.e., pure seed, inert matter, other crop seed, or weed seed). Table 14A is used to compare analyses (tests) of two sub-samples taken from one submitted sample to determine whether two analysts within the same lab or two laboratories obtain reasonably similar results (i.e., the two results are within tolerance) or whether one laboratory duplicates its analyses reasonably well (i.e., the differences between results is only due to random sampling variation). Tolerances in Table 14A, calculated as a two-way test at a five percent probability level for non-chaffy and chaffy seeds and at a one percent probability level for super chaffy seeds, and are adapted from Miles (1963; p. 566, Table P11, columns A, B, C and F (P=0.05) and column G (P=0.01)). Table 14B is used to compare two different submitted samples from the same seed lot whether the tests have been made in the same or in different laboratories. Tolerances in Table 14B, calculated as a one-way test at a five percent probability level for non-chaffy and chaffy seeds and at a one percent probability level for super chaffy seeds, and are adapted from Miles (1963; p. 555, Table P1, columns A, B, C and F (P=0.05) and column G (P=0.01)). The one-way test is used in Table 14B to detect seed lots that are poorer quality than that stated in the first analysis (or seed label), however there is no objection to seed lots found to be of better quality than stated in the first analysis (or seed label). Therefore, the results of the first analysis (or seed label) and the second analysis (test) are considered different (i.e., out of tolerance) when the pure seed percentage in the second analysis (test) is significantly lower than the first test (or seed label); or when the inert matter, other crop seed or weed seed percentages are significantly higher in the second test than that in the first test. To determine the appropriate tolerance value, average the results from the two analyses (first and second tests or label claim and test) for the component in question (i.e., pure seed, inert matter, other crop seed, or weed seed). The tolerance is on the line which has the average of the two analyses in Column A or B in Tables 14A and 14B.

17 Table 14A. Regular tolerances for comparing purity test results of two sub-samples from the same submitted sample from the same seed lot analyzed in the same or in different laboratories (Columns C and D, 2-way test at P=0.05; Column E, 2-way test at P=0.01). Average of 2 analyses (tests) Non-chaffy seeds seeds Super chaffy seeds A B C D E

18 Table 14B. Regular tolerances for comparing two purity test results from two different submitted samples from the same seed lot analyzed in the same or in different laboratories (Columns C and D, 1-way test at P=0.05; Column E, 1-way test at P=0.01). Average of 2 analyses (tests) Non-chaffy seeds seeds Super chaffy seeds A B C D E

19 c. Special Tolerances. The special tolerances are used when the sample contains five percent or more of each of two kinds or cultivars of pure seed with different weights per seed (different numbers of seeds per gram and the particle-weight ratio is 1.45:1 or greater). Additional kinds or cultivars of pure seed, if any, may be present in any amount. The special tolerances for non-chaffy seeds in Table 14D, and those for chaffy seeds in Table 14E, and those for super chaffy seeds in Table 14F are adapted from Miles (1963; Tables P22 (p ), and P23 (p ), and P25 (p ) respectively). The tolerances in Tables 14D, and 14E and 14F should be used to compare two different submitted samples from the same seed lot whether the tests have been made in the same or in different laboratories. These tolerances are calculated as a one-way test at a five percent probability level for non-chaffy and chaffy seeds, and at a one percent probability for super chaffy seeds. The tolerances found in tables 14D, and 14E and 14F are appropriate for testing percentages of pure seed, weed seed, other crop seed or inert matter. Tolerances can only be applied to components listed in the first analysis. If the pure seed percentage in the second test is greater than that of the label or the first test, no tolerance calculations are needed because the seed was found to be of better quality than stated in the first analysis (or seed label). The same applies if inert matter, other crops, or weed seed percentage in the second test is less than those in the label or the first test. When dealing with coated seeds in a mixture, seeds shall be de-coated (refer to sec. 3.8e). Calculate the particle weight ratio and the other components in the sample based on the decoated sample. The special tolerance tables were established based on uncoated seeds for all kinds included in a mixture. There are two methods to determine whether the difference between two test results (or a label and a second test) of a mixture is within tolerance or significant: the short method and the long method. The short method should be applied (tried) first. The long method is applied when the outcome of the short method described below in 14c(1)(f) occurs. Any of the three components weed seed, other crop seed, and inert matter with an apparent difference between two test results and of interest must be included in a table like Table 14C unless the short method is conclusive. In general, the particle weights of weed seed, other crop seed, and inert matter are not easily determined. In order to calculate the tolerance values for such components, the average number of particles per gram must be determined. This is achieved by counting and weighing all the particles of the component in the working sample or in a sub-sample of the working sample as described in the AOSA Rules. Subsequent computations are similar to those in Table 14C. (1) Short Method used the following steps to determine the special tolerance: (a) Determine the difference between the first test (or the label) and the second test, and the average of the two results for each kind of seed in the mixture. (b) Find the row with the average of the two tests in column A of the proper Table, 14D or 14E, (14D, 14E, or 14F) and note the largest and the smallest tolerance values on that row by looking at all values in columns C through U. Refer to section 14.2a for definitions of chaffy and non-chaffy mixtures.

20 (c) Repeat step (b), but find the row with the average of the two tests in column B, of the proper Table, 14D or 14E, (14D, 14E, or 14F) and note the largest and the smallest tolerance values on that row by looking in all columns, C through U, in that row. (d) If the difference between the two tests (for a particular kind of seed) does not exceed the smallest of these four tabulated values, the difference between the first test (or label) and the second test is not significant (i.e., within tolerance). (e) If the difference between the two tests is greater than the largest of the four tabulated values, the difference between the first test (or label) and the second test is considered significant (i.e., out of tolerance). (f) If the difference falls between the smallest and the largest of the four tabulated values, the Long Method must be applied to determine whether the difference between the first test (or label) and the second test, for a particular kind of seed, is significant. (g) This process is repeated for other crop seed, weed seed, and inert matter, as needed, when the percentages of these components from the second test are greater than that of the first test or label.

21 Table 14F. Super-chaffy seed: special tolerances for any component of a purity analysis (1-way test at P=0.01). Average of 1st test (or label) and a 2nd test results when its particles are the - Heavier A PARTICLE-WEIGHT RATIO Lighter B C D E F G H I J K L

22 Table 14F. Super-chaffy seed: special tolerances for any component of a purity analysis (1-way test at P=0.01). Average of 1st test (or label) and a 2nd test results when its particles are the - Heavier A PARTICLE-WEIGHT RATIO Lighter B C D E F G H I J K L

23 Table 14F. Super-chaffy seed: special tolerances for any component of a purity analysis (1-way test at P=0.01). Average of 1st test (or label) and a 2nd test results when its particles are the - Heavier A PARTICLE-WEIGHT RATIO Lighter B M N O P Q R S T U

24 Table 14F. Super-chaffy seed: special tolerances for any component of a purity analysis (1-way test at P=0.01). Average of 1st test (or label) and a 2nd test results when its particles are the - Heavier A PARTICLE-WEIGHT RATIO Lighter B M N O P Q R S T U ,

25 Harmonization and Impact Statement: Super chaffy kinds of seed are not defined nor are tolerances provided in the Federal Seed Act (FSA), the ISTA Rules for Seed Testing or the Canadian Methods and Procedures. Seed identified in the proposal as super chaffy are examples of kinds for which it is difficult to obtain a representative sample of the seed lot and difficult to obtain working samples from the submitted sample in the laboratory; however, these kinds of seed are in the marketplace and must be labeled by the seller and tested by regulatory agencies. Given the nature of the material to be tested, the recommendation of the Purity Subcommittee is to provide wider purity tolerances for these kinds of seed. Of the types recommended in the proposal to be classified as super chaffy, three general groups and five kinds are classified as chaffy in the Federal Seed Act. These include bluestems, foxtails, gramas, bottlebrushquirreltail, buffelgrass, galletagrass, tall oatgrass, and yellow indiangrass. Under the ISTA Rules, the tolerance table for a one-way test at the 1% significance level, based on Miles (1963) Table P1 column G is used for chaffy seed to determine if the second test is poorer than that of the first test or label. This is a wider tolerance than that used by FSA or AOSA for chaffy kinds, but it is the same probability level proposed here for application to super chaffy kinds. The ISTA Rules do not have special tolerances for seed mixtures. Supporting Evidence: The selection of kinds to be classified as super chaffy was made by the Purity Subcommittee co-chairs in consultation with the Conservation, Reclamation, Tree and Shrub Subcommittee. Although some kinds of seed assigned as super chaffy in this proposal are listed as agricultural kinds under the Federal Seed Act, these kinds of seed are primarily used for reclamation and revegetation purposes. Kinds of seed assigned as super chaffy in this proposal that are not included in the Federal Seed Act are marketed primarily by the native seed industry. Criteria for assignment to super chaffy status was based on species that are reported to be difficult to sample, mix, and divide representative working samples using mechanical dividers and/or kinds of seed that are difficult to clean and condition without damaging critical embryonic structures. Wider purity tolerances will help to identify if discrepancies among test results are the result of reasons other than random sampling error for kinds of seed with super chaffy characteristics. Examples of super chaffy species are shown in Figure 1. Selection of the appropriate tolerance tables from Miles (1963) were made in consultation with the Statistics Committee. Excerpt from the Federal Seed Act Regulations Purity percentages. (a)(1) The tolerance for a given percentage of the purity components is the same whether for pure seed, other crop seed, weed seed, or inert matter. Wider tolerances are provided when 33 percent or more of the sample is composed of seed plus empty florets and/or empty spikelets of the following chaffy kinds: bentgrasses, bermudagrasses, bluegrasses, bluestems, bottlebrushsquirreltail, bromes, buffalograss, buffelgrass, carpetgrass, soft chess, dallisgrass, fescues, foxtails, galletagrass, guineagrass, gramas, molassesgrass, tall oatgrass, orchardgrass, redtop, rescuegrass, rhodesgrass, Indian ricegrass, ryegrasses, sweet vernalgrass, vaseygrass, veldtgrass, wheatgrasses, wildrye, and yellow indiangrass. The wider tolerances do not apply to seed devoid of hulls. Reference Miles, S. R Handbook of tolerances and of measures of precision for seed testing. International Seed Testing Association Proceedings Vol. 28(3): Submitted by: Deborah Meyer, Purity Subcommittee AOSA Co-chair, deborah.meyer@cdfa.ca.gov; Gil Waibel, Purity Subcommittee SCST Co-chair, waibel@indianacrop.org; Heidi Larson, SGS Brookings, heidi.larson@sgs.com; Sabry Elias, AOSA Statistics Committee Chair, sabry.elias@oregonstate.edu Date Submitted: October 15, 2016; revised

26 Achnatherum thurberianum, Thurber needlegrass Ericameria nauseosa, rubber rabbitbrush Elymus elymoides, bottlebrushsquirreltail Artemisia tridentata, big sagebrush Sorghastrum sp., indiangrass Gaillardia sp. Hordeum sp. wild barley Bouteloua gracilis, blue grama Bouteloua curtipendula, sideoats grama Eriogonium fasciculatum, California buckwheat Bassia prostrata, forage kochia Krascheninnikovia lanata, winterfat Limonium sinuatum, statice Layia platyglossa, tidytips daisy Atriplex canescens, fourwing saltbush Figure 1. Examples of super chaffy species. Schizachyrium scoparium, little bluestem