DIMETHOMORPH (225) First draft was prepared by Dr Anita Stromberg, National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden

Transcription

1 4 DIMETHOMORPH (225) First draft was prepared by Dr Anita Stromberg, National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden EXPLANATION, a cinnamic acid derivative, is a member of the morpholine group of fungicides and consists of a mixture of the E and Z isomers in approximately equal proportions. Its mode of action is through the disruption of fungal cell wall formation. When applied as a foliar spray dimethomorph penetrates the leaf surface and is translocated within the leaf to provide protectant action against plant pathogens belonging to class Oomycetes order Peronosporales. The fungicide is selective for downy mildews and members of the genus Phytophthora. was evaluated for the first time by the JMPR in 2. The 2 meeting established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of.2 mg/kg bw and an acute reference dose (ARfD) of.6 mg/kg bw. The residue (for compliance with the MRL and for estimation of dietary intake) for plant and animal commodities was defined as dimethomorph (sum of isomers). Maximum residues levels for 2 commodities were proposed by JMPR 2. was listed by the Forty-fifth Session of the CCPR (2) for evaluation of additional MRLs. The 24 Meeting received GAP information and residue trial data from uses as foliar spray, soil drench or drip irrigation in oranges, strawberries, grapes, papaya, bulb onions, leek, spring onions, head cabbage, broccoli, pepper, lettuce leaf, spinach, lettuce head, taro, green peas, vining peas, lima beans, artichoke, and celery. An analytical method for animal matrices was provided as well as validation data for an analytical method in oranges. Processing studies in oranges, strawberry, onion, lettuce head and peas were also provided. ANALYTICAL METHODS The Meeting received a summary of validation data for the method Agriquem PE-84 which was developed for determination of dimethomorph residues in citrus fruits (doc. code 2/895). The method (extraction method and extraction efficiency) was already reviewed by the JMPR in 2. The method validation data for citrus was carried out concurrently with the analysis of the residue trials and not carried out as a separate project. The recoveries obtained as part of method validation for the parent dimethomorph (sum of isomers) in citrus fruit are presented in Table. Table Recovery data for the method Agriquem PE-84 for dimethomorph in citrus Matrix reported LOQ mg/kg spike level n % recovery RSD Trial references Orange pulp / /45 26/ / /45 Orange whole fruit mean range /56 26/ / / / /45 Orange peel / / / / / /45 4

2 42 The recovery in all the matrices and fortification levels was in the acceptable range %. The relative standard deviation for all matrices was within the adequate level below 2%. A new analytical method for animal matrices was submitted to the 24 Meeting. In this method dimethomorph is extracted with methanol/water/hydrochloric acid. The extract is partitioned against cyclohexane at alkaline conditions and then evaporated to dryness and dissolved in a methanol/water mixture. The final determination of dimethomorph is performed by HPLC-MS/MS at two transitions. Transition m/z 88 is proposed as target transition for quantification and transition m/z for confirmatory purposes. The limitof quantification is. mg/kg for dimethomorph in milk, egg, muscle and liver. Table 2 Recovery result of dimethomorph residues using method LO8/ in different animal tissues Sample Matrix Fortification level Egg. m/z m/z Fat. m/z m/z Kidney. m/z m/z Average recovery% RSD% No of analysis Liver Milk Muscle m/z 88- m/z m/z 88- m/z m/z 88- m/z The method was independently validated with recoveries in milk, egg, muscle and liver in the range of % and a RSD of < 2%. USE PATTERN is a morpohline fungicide with protective action against plant pathogenic Phytophthora species and a number of downy mildew diseases on fruit, vegetables and potato. The fungicide is registered in around countries worldwide. Information on registered uses together with labels for dimethomorph was provided to the Meeting by one manufacturer. The representative uses relating to the crops under consideration for additional MRLs and revising some of the existing CODEX MRLs are summarized in the following tables.

3 4 Table Selected representative uses of dimethomorph on berries and other small fruit as well as fruit and assorted and sub-tropical fruits crops and bulb vegetables (from labels provided) Crop Country Form* Application per Interval PHI Notes Max no Conc kg ai/hl Rate kg ai/ha Grapes US (not registered for use in California 4.5% 4..5 (concentrated).6.2 diluted.29 a i 4 Spray.2 per ground.4 per aerial Grapes US 2.2% Strawberries (outdoor and protected) Strawberries (outdoor and protected) Strawberries (protected) Strawberries (outdoor) Strawberries (protected) 2.2 per ground.48 per aerial Belgium 5% g ai/ plant Belgium 5%.25.5 Ireland 5%..5.5 g ai/ plant at least Ireland 5% The Netherlands 5%.5.5 g ai/ plant.6 j.26 b l m m m m p 4 Spray Root drench 5 Drip irrigation 5 Drip irrigation or root drench 5 Spray 5 Drip irrigation Strawberries (outdoor) The Netherlands 5% Spray Strawberries Taiwan WG n 5 Spray 8.%.96 Strawberries Taiwan 5% n 6 Spray. Strawberries UK 5% m 5 Spray (outdoor) Strawberries UK 5% g ai/ m 5 Drip (protected) plant irrigation or root drench Bulb vegetables Garlic, Garlic great headed, Leek, Onion dry bulb, Onion green, Onion Welsh Shallot Bulb vegetables Garlic, Garlic great headed, Leek, Onion dry bulb, Canada 22.5 g.2 per ground.49 per aerial USA 4.5%.2 per ground.4 per aerial.225 c 5 k Spray.9 d 5 k Spray 4

4 44 Crop Country Form* Application per Interval Max Conc Rate no kg ai/hl kg ai/ha Onion green, Onion Welsh Shallot Bulb vegetables Garlic, Garlic great headed, Leek, Onion dry bulb, Onion green, Onion Welsh Shallot USA 2.2% g.2 per ground.49 per aerial PHI Notes.26 e 5 k Spray Leek Austria WG Spray 9 g/kg Leek France DG 9% q 4 Spray Leek Germany WG Spray 9 g/kg Leek Mexico 8% Spray Leek Norway WG Spray 9 g/kg Leek UK DG k 2 Spray.5% Spring Belgium WG Spray onions (Green onions).5% Spring Hungary WG 9% o 4 Spray onions (Green onions) Spring onions Luxemburg WG.5% Spray a Maximum rate per season is.95 kg ai/ha b Maximum rate per season is.826 kg ai/ha c Maximum rate per season is.2 kg ai/ha d Maximum rate per season is.95 kg ai/ha e Maximum rate of.69 kg ai/ha f Maximum rate of.44 kg ai/ha g Do not make more than two sequential s before alternating to a labelled fungicide with different mode of action fungicide h Apply at transplanting i Apply after transplanting j From transplanting until growth resumption in spring k Apply prior to disease development l Apply at transplanting, one month later and at growth resumption in spring m Apply direct after planting n Apply at beginning of infection o Last at skin development p Apply direct after planting in propagation fields, waiting beds and production fields q Carry out two s during the winter protection period at a rate of a minimum of 4 days, of a maximum of 2 days

5 45 Table 4 Representative uses of dimethomorph on brassica vegetables (from labels provided) Crop Country Form* Application per Interval PHI Notes Max no Conc kg ai/hl Rate kg ai/ha Head cabbage Belgium 5 g/l 2.5 f na Spray Head cabbage USA 2.2% a.2 per.26 b g Spray ground.49 per aerial Head cabbage USA 4.5%.2 per ground.4 per aerial.9 c g Spray Broccoli Belgium 5 g/l 2.5 h na Spray Broccoli USA 2.2% a.2 per.26 b g Spray ground.49 per aerial Broccoli USA 4.5%.2 per ground.4 per aerial.9 c g Spray Brassica leafy Canada 22.5% e.2 per g Spray vegetables, (Broccoli and others). ground.49 per aerial a Two is maximum number of sequential s before altering to a labelled fungicide with different mode of action b Maximum rate per season is.69 kg ai/ha c Maximum rate per season is.95 kg ai/ha d Maximum rate per season is.69 kg ai/ha e Do not make more than 2 sequential s before alternating to a labelled fungicide with different mode of action fungicide na = Not applicable f Treatment before planting g Apply prior to disease development h Treatment before planting Table 5 Selected representative uses of dimethomorph on fruiting vegetables other than cucurbits Crop Country Form* Application per Interv PHI Notes Max no Conc kg ai/hl Rate kg ai/ha al Pepper, all varieties Canada 225 g/l a use min. 2 L/ha per ground and 5 L/ha per aerial Spray Fruiting vegetable group tomato, eggplant, ground cherry (Physalis spp.) Pepper (all varieties) Pepino Canada 5% 5 use min 2 L/ha per ground and 2 L/ha for aerial s h Spray 45

6 46 Crop Country Form* Application per Interv Max no Conc kg ai/hl Rate kg ai/ha al PHI Tomatillo Pepper Chile /L Spray Fruiting vegetables group Eggplant Ground cheery Pepino (all varieties) Tomatillo Tomato Fruiting vegetables (except tomatoes) Eggplant Ground cherry Pepper (all varieties) USA 2.2% 2 g.2 per ground.49 per aerial USA Not registered for use in California. 4.5% 2 a 5.2 per ground.4 per aerial Tomatillo Pepper Vietnam 9 g/kg.6.45/6 L water Tomato Non-stalked Notes.26 b 5 i 4 Spray.9 c 5 h Spray 4 Spray USA 4.5% 5 f.9 c 5 h 4 Spray Tomato stalked USA 4.5% 5 f.9 c 5 h 4 Spray a Two is maximum number of sequential s before altering to a labelled fungicide with different mode of action. b Maximum rate per season is.69 kg ai/ha c Maximum rate per season is.95 kg ai/ha d Maximum rate per season is.69 kg ai/ha e Maximum rate per season is.4 kg ai/ha f One is maximum number of sequential s before altering to a labelled fungicide with different mode of action g Do not make more than two sequential s before alternating to a labelled fungicide with different mode of action fungicide h Begin s when plants are 4 6 inches high and prior to onset of disease infection. i Apply prior to disease development Table 6 Selected representative uses of dimethomorph on Leafy vegetables, Legume vegetable, Root and tuber vegetable (from labels provided) Crop Country Form Application per Interval Max Conc Rate no kg ai/hl kg ai/ha PHI Notes Lettuce only head varieties Austria /kg Spray. Leafy vegetables Belgium /kg.6 4 Spray Leafy Canada Spray vegetables Lettuce Cyprus EC 2 g/l Spray Lettuce, open France 9 g/kg WG Spray field exclusively Lettuce Czech Republic 9 g/kg WG Spray

7 4 Crop Country Form Application per Interval Max Conc Rate no kg ai/hl kg ai/ha PHI Notes Leafy vegetables Germany WG 9 g/kg Spray Leafy Greece 22.5% 2.8 Spray vegetables Leafy Italy 22.5% Spray vegetables Lettuce Italy EC 2 g/l.4.44 Spray Protected Netherlands g/l.24 2 Spray cultivation on lettuce and lambs lettuce (.8 L/ha) Protected Netherlands WG 5% Spray lettuce Lettuce Spain WG.5%..5 max Spray kg/ha Lettuce Taiwan WG 5% Spray Leafy vegetable (except Brassica vegetables) USA 2.2% d.2 per ground.49 per aerial.26 b Spray Leafy vegetable (except Brassica) Taro Peas without USA 4.5%.2 per ground.4 per aerial USA Not for use in California 4.5% 5.2 per ground.4 per aerial.9 c Spray.9 c days (leaves) Belgium WG.5% 2.5 BBCH 5 6 Canned Peas France DG 9% 2.8 e 2 Spray days (corms) 2 Spray Green Peas Germany WG 9 g/kg Spray Peas Hungary WG 9 g/kg.8 Spray Peas without Luxemburg WG.5% 2.5 BBCH Spray Peas Portugal DG 9%.2.8 Spray Lima Bean, succulent seed. Ginseng USA In CO, MT, NM, WY and states eastward USA Not registered for use in CA. 4.5% 5.9 c f Spray. Application to lima bean must be made to Lima beans intended to harvest as succulent seed only 4.5% 5.9 c 4 Spray Aerial is not permitted 4

8 48 Crop Country Form Application per Interval Max Conc Rate no kg ai/hl kg ai/ha PHI Notes Artichoke France EC 2 g/l g Spray Artichoke Italy EC 2g/l Spray Celery Germany 9 g/kg WG Spray Celery Trinidad and weeks Spray Tobago.8 Leafy vegetable (except Brassica) includes celery USA 4.5%.2 per ground.4 per aerial.9 c f Spray Leafy vegetable (except Brassica vegetables) includes celery USA 2.2% d.2 per ground.49 per aerial.26 b f Spray a Maximum rate per season is.69 kg ai/ha b Maximum rate per season is.955 kg ai/ha c Maximum rate per season is.4 kg ai/ha d Do not make more than two sequential s before alternating to a labelled fungicide with different mode of action fungicide e Preventive, intervene at the beginning of risk period f Preventive before infection occurs g Carry out two s with COACH PLUS in the risk period which generally begins at the beginning of the strong leaf growth period Residues resulting from supervised trials on crops The Meeting received information on supervised field trials involving dimethomorph for the following crops and commodities: Group FC, Citrus fruits FB, Berries and other Small Fruits FB, Berries and other Small Fruits FI, Assorted Tropical and Subtropical Fruit-inedible peel Crop commodity Orange FC 4, oranges sweet, sour Grapes FB 269 Strawberry, FB 25 Papaya FI 5 Portion of commodity to which MRL apply Whole fruit, peel and pulp Countries Spain Whole fruit USA 8 Whole fruit Whole fruit (peel and pulp) Table No Belgium, Denmark, south and 9 north France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and United Kingdom Brazil 4

9 49 Group VA, Bulb Vegetables VA, Bulb Vegetables VA, Bulb Vegetables Crop commodity Onion, bulb VA 85 Leek VA 84 Spring onions Portion of commodity to which MRL apply Countries Table No Bulbs USA 5 Leek stems Belgium, Germany, Greece, France (north and south), Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and UK 6 Whole plants USA 8 VB, Brassica Vegetables, Head Cabbage, Flowerhead Brassicas VB, Brassica Vegetables, Head Cabbage, Flowerhead Brassicas VO, Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO, Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VL, Leafy vegetables including Brassica Leafy vegetables VL, Leafy vegetables including Brassica Leafy vegetables VL, Leafy vegetables including Brassica Leafy vegetables VA 89 Head cabbage VB 4 Broccoli VB 4 Pepper Cabbage heads (including wrappers leaves) Flower heads and stem USA, Canada 9 USA, Canada 2 Fruits USA 2 VO 5 representing VO 5 (fruiting vegetables other than cucurbits) Tomato Mature fruits USA 22* Lettuce Head VL 482 Lettuce leaf VL 48 Spinach VL 52 Fresh heads with wrappers leaves USA 2 24 Leaves USA 25 Leaves USA 26 VL, Leafy vegetables including Brassica Leafy vegetables Taro leaves VL 55 Leaf USA 2 VP, Legume Vegetables Green Peas Peas shelled (succulent Whole commodity France (north and south), Germany, Spain and the Netherlands, Denmark,

10 5 Group Crop commodity seed) Portion of commodity to which MRL apply Countries Table No VP 64 VP, Legume Vegetables Lima Beans (young and/or immature beans) Whole commodity USA VR, Root and tuber vegetable VS, Stalk and stem vegetables VP 54 Ginseng VR 64 Globe artichoke VS62 Whole commodity after removing tops Whole commodity USA Germany, Italy, France (north and south), the Netherlands and Spain 2 VS, Stalk and stem vegetables VR, Root and tuber vegetable Celery VS624 Taro, corms VR 55 Whole commodity Whole commodity after removing tops USA and Canada USA 4 * Trials were evaluated by JMPR 2. See Evaluation report for dimethomorph, Table 48 Conditions of the supervised residue trials were generally well reported in detailed field reports. In most trials treated plots were not replicated but where results were reported from replicate plots, these are presented as individual values. Field reports provided data on the sprayers used and their calibration, plot size, residue sample size and sampling date. Although trials included control plots, no control data are recorded in the tables except where residues in control samples exceeded the LOQ. Residue data are recorded unadjusted for % recovery. When residues were not detected they are shown as below the LOQ (e.g. <. mg/kg). Laboratory reports included methods validation with procedural recoveries from spiking at residue levels similar to those occurring in samples from the supervised trials. Data on duration of residue sample under storage were also provided. Residues and rates have generally been rounded to two significant figures or, for residues near the LOQ, to one significant figure. Where trials have involved two or more s, the mean target rate has been recorded unless the individual rates differ by more than % Residues values from trials conducted according to a maximum registered GAP with supporting trials have been used for the estimation of maximum residue levels. The results included in the evaluation of the MRL, STMR and HR is underlined.

11 5 Oranges Eight outdoor trials performed during growing season in Spain were presented to the 2 and 24 Meeting. Two broadcast spray s of dimethomorph at.4 kg ai/ha were made at 5 day intervals 28 ± and 4 ± days before harvest. Mature fruit were sampled and both the whole fruit and the pulp were analysed separately by LC-MS/MS, using Method PE 84 approved at this Meeting (see chapter analytical method). The limit of quantification was. mg/kg for and the mean recovery was 4.5.2% at fortification levels of.5. mg/kg for pulp, whole fruit and peel. The results of the residues from dimethomorph are summarized in Table. Table Residues in oranges from foliar of dimethomorph from field trials in Spain ORANGE Spain 24 (Valencia Late) Spain 24 (Valencia Late) Spain 25 (Clemenules) Spain 25 (Clemenules) Spain 25 (Salustiana) Spain 25 (Salustiana) Spain 25 (Lane Late) Spain 24 (Valencia Late) DC 5 g/l DC 5 g/l DC 5 g/l DC 5 g/l DC 5 g/l DC 5 g/l DC 5 g/l DC 5 g/l a Spray volumes of L/ha kg ai/ha a kg ai/hl no Growth stage at last BBCH Residues mg/kg Pulp Peel Whole fruit <. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. < < /45 4/S/5 25/45 4/S/6 26/56 5/S/4 26/56 5/S/42 26/5 (5/S/) 26/5 (5/S/2) 26/5 (5/S/) 26/5 (5/S/4) Grapes During growing season 28 eight outdoor trials on grapes were conducted in the USA. was applied four times as a foliar spray using a 6 8 days interval. The s of the concentrate (.4.6 kg ai/hl) and the dilute (.9.2 kg ai/hl) were made to side by side plots. The timing of the s was from BBCH (developing of fruits) until BBCH 8 (ripening of fruits). 5

12 52 The samplings of fresh grape fruits were analysed using HPLC-MS/MS Method 55/. The limit of quantification was. mg/kg and the mean recovery was 5% at fortification levels of. 5. mg/kg. The results are summarized in Table 8. Table 8 Residues in grapes from foliar of dimethomorph in field trials in the USA GRAPES Critical GAP USA kg ai/ha kg ai/hl no Growth stage at last Residues mg/kg Fruits Conc. Dilute USA (NY) 28 (Cayuga White) conc. a. dilute b 4 BBCH /2489 R844 USA (PA) 28 (Concord) USA (WI) 28 (King of the North) USA (MI) 28 (Concord) CA (ON) 28 (Concord) USA (CA) 28 (Ruby red) USA (CA) Fresno 28 (Thompson Seedless) USA (CA) Fresno 28 (Fiesta) USA (CA) Madera 28 (Thompson Seedless) USA (CA) Tulare 28 (Red Globe) USA (WA) 28 (White Riesling) conc. a.9 dilute b conc. a. dilute b conc. a.2 dilute b conc. a. dilute b conc. a. dilute b conc. a. dilute b conc. a. dilute b conc. a.2 dilute b conc. a.2 dilute b conc. a.2 dilute b 4 BBCH 85 4 BBCH 85 4 Berries touching 4 BBCH 8 4 Berry colour adv. 4 Fruits. cm 4 Fruits 5 cm 4 Near mature 4 BBCH 88 4 BBCH / /2489 R846 29/2489 R84 29/2489 R848 29/2489 R849 29/2489 R85 29/2489 R85 29/2489 R852 29/2489 R85 29/2489 R854 USA (OR) BBCH /2489

13 5 GRAPES 28 (Pinot Noir) USA (CA) Kern 28 (Crimson) kg ai/ha kg ai/hl no Growth stage at last conc. a.2 a Spray volumes of 458 L/ha b Spray volumes of L/ha conc. a.2 dilute b Residues mg/kg Fruits Conc. Dilute dilute b BBCH R855 29/2489 R854 Strawberries Twenty one additional (protected and outdoor) trials where dimethomorph was applied as root drench or drip irrigation and four additional (outdoor) trials where dimethomorph was applied as a foliar spray, were presented. Root drench /drip In eight protected trials performed 24 and 2 on strawberries in three cultivars in Europe (Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and northern France) dimethomorph was applied once as a root drench (green house) or (plastic tunnel) at planting/transplanting. The trials from 24 included in addition to the.25 g ai/plant, the.625 g ai/plant. The PHI was 4 46 days. The results are summarized in Table 9. In two greenhouse trials on strawberries in Spain and south of France during growing season 2 dimethomorph was added twice with a 4 days interval to the drip irrigation system in an amount of.5 kg ai/ha The residue decline was measured,, ± and ± days after. The results are summarized in Table. In three outdoor trials on strawberries in Europe 24 (Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands) dimethomorph was applied once as a root drench at planting/transplanting. The trials from 24 included in addition to the.25 g ai/plant, the.625 g ai/plant. The PHI was 4 ± day. The results are summarized in Table. In eight outdoor strawberry trials in Spain dimethomorph) was added twice to the drip irrigation system in an amount of.5 kg ai/ha 5 ± day before harvest. Duplicate samples of strawberry fruits were sampled,,,2 and 28 days after last. PHI was one day. The results are summarized in Table 2. Foliar spray In four independent outdoor strawberry trials (four cultivars) from northern Europe (Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and United Kingdom) dimethomorph was applied once as a foliar spray at.5 kg ai/ha, the PHI was 5 days. The results are summarized in Table. Analytical methodology Mature fruit were sampled. In the trials reported from 24 the strawberry fruits were analysed using GC-NDP and an extended version of the DFG S9 method reviewed by JMPR 2. The mean recovery rate for the revised method was 9.5.5% at fortification levels of. mg/kg. The limit of quantification was. mg/kg. 5

14 54 In outdoor drip irrigations trials from Spain the analytical was LC-MS method PE 84 with a limit of quantification of. mg/kg, and the mean recovery rates were % at fortification levels of.5. mg/kg. The analytical method 55/ using HPLC-MS/MS were used in the trials reported from 28 and onwards. The limit of quantification for this method was. mg/kg and the mean recovery rates were 92 6% at fortification levels of. mg/kg. Table 9 Residues in strawberries from s of dimethomorph as root drench in protected trials in northern Europe (Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Northern France and Denmark) STRAWBERRY Critical GAP Ireland Belgium 24 (Elsanta) Belgium 24 (Elsanta) The Netherlands 24 (Elsanta) The Netherlands 24 (Elsanta) Germany 24 (Elsanta) Germany 24 (Elsanta) Denmark 24 (Everst) Denmark 24 (Everst) Northern France 2 (Matis) Germany 2 (Elsanta) The Netherlands 2 (Elsanta) g ai/plant a no Growth stage at (BBCH).5 5 Residues mg/kg Fruits /4964/ 2/58 AGR/2/ /4964/ 2/ at planting at planting AGR/22/4 25/4964/ 2/58 ACK/2/4 25/4964/ 2/58 ALB/4/4 28/5524 A4 OB 28/5524 A4 GE 28/5524 A4 NL Belgium 2 (Elsanta).25 at planting /5524 A4 BE a 25 ml/plant Table Residues in strawberries from s of dimethomorph as drip irrigation in protected in southern Europe, (Spain and southern France). STRAWBERRY (day kg ai/ha a no Growth stage at s) last (BBCH) Residues mg/kg Fruits Spain 2 DC /5528 (Camarosa) 5 g.8 L South France DC /5528

15 55 STRAWBERRY ( 2 i ) (Clery) a With 25 L water/ha Form 5 g Application PHI (day ) 4 <. id <. <. L25 Table Residues in strawberries from s of dimethomorph as a root drench in outdoor trials in northern Europe (Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany). STRAWBERRY Critical GAP Ireland Belgium 24 (Elsanta) Belgium 24 (Elsanta) The Netherlands 24 (Elsanta) The Netherlands 24 (Elsanta) Germany 24 (Elsanta) Germany 24 (Elsanta) a 25 ml/plant g ai/plant no Growth a stage at (BBCH) Residues mg/kg Fruits <. <. < /4964 AGR/9/4 25/4964 AGR/2/4 25/4964 ACK//4 Table 2 Residues in strawberries from s of dimethomorph, as drip irrigation in outdoor trials in southern Europe (Spain) STRAWBE RRY Country, year Spain 24 (Camerosa) Spain 24 (Camerosa DC 5 DC 5 kg ai/ha a no Growth stage (BBCH) Residues mg/kg Fruits ind, average value <. < <. <. 26/55 4/S/ 26/55 4/S/ <..2.6 <. 55

16 56 STRAWBE RRY Country, year kg ai/ha a no Growth stage (BBCH) Residues mg/kg Fruits ind, average value Spain 24 (Camerosa DC <.. < < /55 4/S/ Spain 24 (Camerosa) Spain 25 (Camerosa) Spain 25 (Camerosa) Spain 25 (Camerosa) Spain 25 (Camerosa) DC 5 DC 5 DC 5 DC 5 DC /55 4/S/4 26/59 5/S/5 26/59 5/S/6 26/59 5/S/ 26/59 5/S/8

17 5 STRAWBE RRY Country, year a With 4444 L water/ha kg ai/ha a no Growth stage (BBCH) Residues mg/kg Fruits ind, average value.42 Table Residues in strawberries from foliar s of dimethomorph in outdoor trials in northern Europe (United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium) STRAWBERRY United Kingdom 29 (Elsanta) The Netherlands 29 (Mara des Bois) Germany 29 (Dorselect) Belgium 29 (Chalotte) kg ai/ha a no Growth stage at (BBCH) Residues mg/kg Fruits b < b <. <. <. b b /256 LO /256 LO /256 LO926 c 29/256 LO926 a With 9 22 L water/ha b Leaves c Residues taken from specimen labelled as untreated. The corresponding treated specimen had residue levels <. mg/kg. It is assumed that there has been a mistake at the labelling either in the field or in the analytical phase. Papaya Four field trials were conducted 2 in Brazil. was applied four times as a foliar spray from the beginning of ripening until full maturity of the fruits with a 6 8 days interval. Samples of mature whole fruit (peel and pulp) was analysed with LC/MS/MS/ using Method 55/, The limit of quantification was. mg/kg and the mean recovery was 95 92% at fortification levels of.. mg/kg. The results are summarized in Table 4 below. Table 4 Residues in papaya from foliar of dimethomorph in field trials in Brazil PAPAYA Brazil/SP 2 (Formosa) kg ai/ha a no Growth stage at last BBCH Residues (mg/kg) /445 G54 Brazil/SP BBCH.4 22/445 5

18 58 PAPAYA (Formosa) Brazil/ES 2 (Goldhem) kg ai/ha a no Growth stage at last 8 8 b 4 Residues (mg/kg) G BBCH.44 22/ b G BBCH.6 22/ b G55 Brazil/ES 2 (THB) a with L water/ha b During conduction of this trial ripe fruit were discarded, therefore a decrease in BBCH is observed. Bulb onions Ten residue decline trials were conducted in the USA and Canada during growing season 28. Three broadcast spray s of dimethomorph were done at a 4 8 days interval. The growth stage for the s varied from BBCH 9 (vegetative) until BBCH 8 (mature bulbs). Duplicate samples of onion bulb were analysed using HPLC-MS/MS Method 55/. The limit of quantification was. mg/kg and the mean recovery was 85.9 ±.8% at fortification levels of.. mg/kg. The results are summarized in Table 5. Eight residue trials were performed in the USA during growing season 999. Seven foliar directed s were done with a 6 8 days interval. The growth stage of the s varied from vegetative to mature bulbs. Duplicated samples were analysed using HPLV/UV Method FAMS 2/4 approved grapes at the 2 Meeting. The limit of quantification was. mg/kg and the recovery was 2% at fortification levels of.. mg/kg. The results are summarized in Table 5. Table 5 Residues in onion bulbs from foliar of dimethomorph in field trials in the USA Head Cabbage Critical GAP USA, Canada kg ai/ha no Growth stage at last.2.2 Residues in bulbs ind. mean value USA (NY) 28 (Super Star Onion) CAN (MN) 28 (Candy).22 a 2.5 bulbs.226 a vegetative /42 R822 29/42 R82 CAN (KS).226 a BBCH /42

19 59 Head Cabbage 28 (Candy) CAN (MB) 28 (Genisis Hybrid) USA (CA) 28 (White) USA (TX) 28 (Yellow Spanish) USA (CA) 28 (Southport) USA (ID) 28 (Vaquero) USA (OR) 28 (White Sweet Spanish).22 a BBCH 4.22 a Mature.2 a Tops falling.226 a 2.5 bulbs.22 a growth complete.2 a BBCH 49 Residues in bulbs < R824 29/42 R825 29/42 R82 29/42 R828 29/42 R829 29/42 R8 29/42 R

20 6 Head Cabbage USA (TX) 28 (Yellow Granex) USA (CA) 999 (Early red burger) USA (CA) 999 (Reina Blanca) USA (CO) 999 (Teton) USA (ID) 999 (Vega) USA (NY) 999 (Hustler) USA (NY) 999 (Burgos) USA (OR) 999 (Santos FI) USA (TX) 999 (5) a With 24 2 L water/ha b With 284 L water/ha c Crop height a BBCH b Mature bulbs b Bulbs formed b Mature bulbs b Mature bulbs Mature bulbs b Vegetative c b Mature bulbs b Mature bulbs Residues in bulbs /42 R /45 CA /45 CA. 22/45 CO.4 22/45 ID. 22/45 NY /45 OH /45 OR /45 TX2 Leek Nineteen residue decline trials were conducted in Europe during growing seasons 999 and 26. was applied three times as a foliar spray. The s were made 4 4 ± days before harvest with a spray interval of days. Samples of leek stems were analysed using LC/MS/MS Method 55/. The limit of quantification was..2 mg/kg and the recovery was 4 %. The results are summarized in Table 6.

21 6 Table 6 Residues of dimethomorph in leek from field trials conducted in Europe LEEK Critical GAP France Germany, 999 (Lancelot) Germany, 2 (Hiberna) Germany, 2 (Hiberna) Germany, 2 (Florina) Germany, 2 (Amundo) kg ai/ha a no Growth stage at last WG 9 g.8 2 leaves WG 9 g cm WG 9 g.8 mature 4 2 WG 9 g.8 2 weeks before harvest WG 9 g Dimethomorp h Residues (mg/kg) stem ind. value <.2 <.2 <.2 <.2 <.2 2/265 FR22/6/4 22/989 /4 22/9892 /48 22/989 /9 22/989 /9 Germany, 2 (Werdea) Germany, 2 (Werdea) Northern France, 25 (Elektra) Southern France 25 (Amundo) Germany, 25 (Appolo) Belgium, 25 (Sheltar) The Netherlands, 25 (Kenton) Italy, 25 (Kenton F) N. France 26 (Axima) WG 9 g.8 2 weeks before harvest. WG 9 g.8 2 weeks before harvest WG 9 g WG 9 g WG 9 g WG 9 g WG 9 g WG 9 g WG /989 /92 22/989 /9 2/849 A/NF/F/5/222 2/849 A/SF/F/5/22 2/849 A/NF/F/5/224 2/849 A/NF/F/5/225 2/849 A/NF/F/5/226 2/849 A/IT/F/5/22 2/85 A/NF/F/6/8 6

22 62 LEEK The Netherlands, 26 (Kenton) Denmark, 26 (Pandora) UK, 26 (Pancho) Spain, 26 (Atal) Greece, 26 (Demycalemy) a Spray volumes of 2 6 L/ha kg ai/ha a no Growth stage at last WG 9 g WG 9 g WG 9 g WG 9 g WG 9 g Dimethomorp h Residues (mg/kg) stem ind. value < /85 A/NF/F/6/82 2/85 A/DK/F/6/8 2/85 A/UK/F/6/84 2/85 A/SP/F/6/85 2/85 A/GR/F/6/86 Spring onions During growing season 2 three outdoor trials were conducted in the USA. Three broadcast spray s of dimethomorph were made at a 5 6 days interval. The growth stage for the s varied within BBCH 4 49 (development of harvestable vegetative plant parts). Three outdoor residue decline trials were conducted in USA 28. Three broad cast spray s of dimethomorph were made at a 4 8 days interval. The growth stage for the s varied from 2 days before first sampling until growth complete. Duplicate samples from treated plots were analysed with LC/MS/MS using Method 55/. The limit of quantification was. mg/kg and the mean recovery was 6 4% and 4 9% for the trials from 2 and 28 respectively at fortification levels of.. mg/kg. The results are summarized in Table. Table Residues of dimethomorph in spring onions from field trials conducted in USA SPRING ONION Critical GAP USA, Canada USA (OK) 2 (Walla, Walla) USA (TX) 2 (Local sort not specified) 225 g 225 g kg ai/ha no Growth stage at last a BBCH 4.25 a BBCH 4 Residues in whole plants ind. mean value R R6 2.

23 6 SPRING ONION USA (CA) 2 (Evergreen White) USA (CA) 28 (APT 4) USA (CA) 28 (Southport White) USA (TX) 28 (Yellow Granex) 225 g a With 8 L water/ha b With L water/ha kg ai/ha no Growth stage at last.25 a BBCH b Growth complete.225 b Mature.225 b BBCH 5 Residues in whole plants ind. mean value R /42 R /42 R /42 R During growing season 999 four trials were performed on spring onions in the USA. Seven to eight foliar directed spray s of dimethomorph formulation were made at 5 8 days interval. The growth stage for s varied within growth stage development of harvestable vegetative plant parts (BBCH 4 49) from vegetative until vegetative (mature). Duplicate samples (whole vegetable) from treated plots were sampled on the day of seventh. The samples were analysed with LC/MS/MD using Method 55/. The limit of quantification was.5 mg/kg and the mean recovery was 92 4% at fortification levels of.5 5. mg/kg. The results are summarized in Table 8. 6

24 64 Table 8 Residues in spring onions from foliar of dimethomorph in field trials in the USA SPRING ONION kg ai/ha no Growth stage at last Critical GAP USA.2 Residues in whole plants ind. mean value USA (NJ) 999 (Bunchine) Vegetative mature /46 NJ 5 USA (FL) 999 (White Spear) Vegetative mature /46 FL 8 USA (WI) 999 (Evergreen) vegetative /46 WI 24 USA (OR) 999 (Feast) Mature 8 a With L water/ha /46 OR9.88 Head cabbage Ten field trials were conducted in the USA (nine) and Canada (one) during growing season 28. Three foliar broadcast s of dimethomorph) were made with a 5 9 days interval. The growth stage for the s varied from vegetative stage to mature heads. Duplicate samples of cabbage heads (including wrapper leaves) were and analysed with LC- MS/MS using Method 55/. The limit of quantification was. mg/kg and the mean recovery was 8% at fortification levels of.. mg/kg. The results are summarized in Table 9. Table 9 Residues in head cabbage (with wrapper) from foliar of dimethomorph in field trials from the USA Head Cabbage Critical GAP USA USA (NY) 28 (Rocket) kg ai/ha a kg ai/hl no Growth stage at last mature heads Residues Head cabbage with wrapper leaves (mg/kg) ind. mean value /625 RCN R868 USA (GA) /625

25 65 Head Cabbage 28 (Thunder) USA (FL) 28 (White) USA (MN) 28 (Market Pride) Canada (QC) 28 (Stonehead) USA (WI) 28 (Artost) USA (TX) 28 (Pennant) USA (KS) 28 (Stonehead) heads mature heads.225. vegetativ e BBCH BBCH BBCH mature heads Residues Head cabbage with wrapper leaves (mg/kg) RCN R869 29/625 RCN R8 29/625 RCN R8 29/625 RCN R82 29/625 RCN R8 29/625 RCN R /625 RCN R85 65

26 66 Head Cabbage USA (CA) 28 (Copenhagen) USA (OR) 28 (Primo) a With L water/ha.225. mature heads BBCH 49 Residues Head cabbage with wrapper leaves (mg/kg) /625 RCN R86 29/625 RCN R8 Broccoli Ten field trials were conducted in the USA (nine) and Canada (one) during growing season 28. Three foliar broadcast s of dimethomorph were applied with a spray interval of 5 9 days. The growth stage for the s varied from vegetative stage to mature heads. Duplicate samples of flower heads and stem were and analysed with LC-MS/MS using Method 55/. The limit of quantification was. mg/kg and the mean recovery was 99% at fortification levels of. 5. mg/kg. The results are summarized in Table 2. Table 2 Residues in broccoli from foliar of dimethomorph in field trials in the USA BROCCOLI Critical GAP USA kg ai/ha kg ai/hl no Growth stage at last.2 Residues in flower head (inflorescence) (mg/kg) ind. value mean CAN (QC) 28 (Packman).2.8 BBCH /625 RCN R858

27 6 BROCCOLI Residues in flower head (inflorescence) (mg/kg) USA (WI) 28 a (Packman) USA (WI ) 28 (Packman) USA (CA) 28 (Green Majic) USA (CA) 28 (Marathon) USA (CA) 28 (Green Magic) USA (AZ) 28 (Crown Set) heads BBCH Mature Mature heads.22.9 Mature heads Early maturity /625 RCN R859 29/625 RCN R86 29/625 RCN R862 29/625 R86 29/625 RCN R864 29/625 RCN R865 6

28 68 BROCCOLI USA (CA) 28 (Greenbelt) USA (OR) 28 (Emerald Pride) USA (TX) 28 (Marathon) a With L water/ha.22.8 BBCH BBCH BBCH Residues in flower head (inflorescence) (mg/kg) < /625 RCN R866 29/625 RCN R86 29/625 RCN R8685 Pepper (bell and non-bell) Twelve outdoor trials on bell peppers and non-bell peppers were conducted in the USA during growing seasons 998 and 999. Seven foliar broadcast s of dimethomorph were made with a 4 5 days interval. The growth stage for the s was from vegetative (5 6 cm) to mature heads. Three of the trials were decline trials. Duplicate samples were analysed using GC-ECD method FAMS 2-4. The average procedural recovery range for dimethomorph was (95 9%) at the fortification level of.25 5 mg/kg and the limit of quantification was.25 mg/kg. The results are summarized in Table 2. Table 2 Residues in pepper (bell and non-bell) from outdoor foliar of dimethomorph in trials in USA PEPPER kg ai/ha d Growth stage at last Residues (mg/kg) fruit no ind. value mean Critical GAP Canada USA (NJ) 999 (bell, Bell Captain).225 Mature fruit /5 NJ USA (NJ) Mature 6 a /5

29 69 PEPPER ( i ) Residues (mg/kg) fruit (bell King Arthur) fruit.92 NJ USA (GA) 998 (bell, Camelot).225 Mature fruit.48 b USA (GA) 998 (non-bell, Mesilla) USA (FL) 998 (bell, Camelot) USA (FL) 998 (non-bell, Jalapeno) USA (OH) 998 (bell, King Arthur) USA (TX) 998 (bell, Capistrano) USA (TX) 998 (bell, TAM Veracruz) USA (CA) 998 (bell, Valiant) USA (CA) 998 (bell, Indra) USA (CA) 998 (non-bell, Rogers Jalapone M).225 Mature fruit.225 Mature fruit Mature fruit Fruiting < Mature fruit.225 Mature fruit Fruiting Mature. fruit Mature fruit c 22/5 GA /5 GA /5 FL /5 FL /5 OH.9 22/5 TX /5 TX.2 22/5 CA /5 CA /5 CA 28 a At the NJ trial samples were collected at 6 days after last, the day was lost due to freezer failure. This trial was repeated the following year (NJ) b Harvested after six s, because the peppers were ripening faster than expected and the fruit was not expected to last for the th c Harvested after seven s. At the th there was sufficient fruit for a good harvest and a sample good be taken d Spray volumes of L/ha Tomato Twelve outdoor trials on tomato were evaluated by JMPR 2. Results from those trials are presented in Table 22 below. Table 22 Residues in tomato from outdoor foliar of dimethomorph in trials in the USA TOMATO Critical GAP Canada USA (CA) 995 (Flaver saver Calgene) USA (CA) 995 (Heniz 8892) Form Application Residues (mg/kg) kg ai/ha no PHI fruit <.5.6 < DK-2-28 DK-2-69

30 TOMATO USA (CA) 995 (Peach Mech) USA (CA) 995 (Shady Lady) USA (TE) 995 (Better Boy) USA (CA) 998 (Rio Grande) USA (CA) 998 (Celebrity) USA (CA) 998 (Roma Hybrid 882) USA (CA) 998 (Sun 62) USA (FL) 996 (Agriset) USA (PE) 996 (La Roma) USA () 996 (Celebrity) Form Application Residues (mg/kg) kg ai/ha no PHI fruit g g.22 9 g.22 9 g.22 9 g.22 9 g.22 9 g < <.5 < < <.5 <.5 <.5 <.5 <.5 <.5.6 <.5 <.5 DK-2- DK-2-29 DK-2-2 DK-2-4 DK-2-4 DK DK-2-48 DK-2-2 DK-2-6 DK-2-5 Lettuce, head Eight outdoor residue decline trials from the USA (seven) and Canada (one) in lettuce head were conducted during growing season 28. was applied three times as a foliar broadcast spray and a spray interval of 4 8 days. The timing of the s was from head development until mature heads. Duplicate samples (fresh heads with wrappers leaves) were analysed with HPLC- MS/MS using Method 55/. The limit of quantification was. mg/kg and the mean recovery 5% at fortification levels from. 2. mg/kg. The results are summarized in Table 2. In six similar trials from the USA made in during the growing season of 998, dimethomorph was applied seven to eight times as foliar spray with a spray interval of 5 to days. Mature heads were analysed using GC-ECD and Method FAMS 2-4. The limit of quantification was.25 mg/kg and the mean recovery ± 5 fortification level from.25 mg/kg. The results are summarized in Table 24.

31 Table 2 Residues in outdoor lettuce head from foliar of dimethomorph in trials from the USA LETTUCE, HEAD Critical GAP USA USA (NY) 28 (Ithaca MTP) USA (FL) 28 (Great Lakes) USA (WI) 28 (Fall Green MTO) CA (QC) 28 (Grand Rapid) USA (CA) 28 (Sidewinter) USA (CA) 28 (Great Lakes 659) kg b ai/ha no Growth stage at last.9 25 g/l 25 g/l 25 g/l 25 g/l 25 g/l 25 g/l.225 BBCH 49 Mature Heads.225 BBCH 49 Mature Heads.225 Small medium heads.225 BBCH 4 (% of expected head size).225 Head development.225 BBCH 49 Mature Heads Residues (mg/kg) Heads, Fresh with wrapper leaves individual average value value a. a /24 RCN R /24 RCN R825 29/24 RCN R /24 RCN R822 29/24 RCN R /24 RCN R829

32 2 LETTUCE, HEAD USA (CA) 28 (Tellmark) USA (CA) 28 (Telluride) 25 g/l 25 g/l kg b ai/ha no Growth stage at last.225 Heading.225 BBCH 49 Mature Heads a Mean of multiple analysis of the same field sample. b Spray volumes of L/ha Residues (mg/kg) Heads, Fresh with wrapper leaves individual average value value.52. a..2 a a.8. a /24 RCN R8 29/24 RCN R8 Table 24 Residues in outdoor lettuce head from foliar of dimethomorph in trials from the USA LETTUCE, HEAD Critical GAP USA USA (CA) 998 (Winterhaven M.I.) USA (FL) 998 (Crispino) USA (TN) 998 (cultivar not stated) kg a no Growth ai/ha stage at last Mature Heads 5.98 Beginning to bolt 5.2 Mature Heads Heads Fresh with wrapper leaf individ. mean value Heads Fresh without wrapper leaf 2/ / CA /5 6 FL /5 6 TN 8 USA (CA) 998 (25) 5.2 Mature Heads.6.8 2/5 6

33 LETTUCE, HEAD Critical GAP USA USA (CA) 998 (Salinas, M..) USA (CA) 998 (Great Lake 659) a Spray volumes of L/ha kg a no Growth ai/ha stage at last Mature Heads 5.2 Mature Heads Heads Fresh with wrapper leaf individ. mean value Heads Fresh without wrapper leaf 2/5 6 CA /5 6 CA /5 6 CA 8 Lettuce, leaf Nine field trials were conducted in USA in during growing season 28. was applied three times as a foliar broadcast spray and intervals of 4 8 days. The growth stage for the s varied from vegetative stage until BBCH 49. Duplicate samples of mature leaves were sampled and analysed with HPLC-MS/MS using Method 55/. The limit of quantification was. mg/kg and the mean recovery 5% at fortification levels from. 2. mg/kg. The results are summarized in Table 25. Nine field trials were conducted in the USA during growing season 998. was applied seven times as foliar spray at.2 kg ai/ha and spray interval of 6 days. Duplicate samples of leaves were analysed with GC-ECD using Method FAMS 2-4. The limit of quantification was. mg/kg and the mean recovery 98 ± 8 fortification level from. mg/kg. The results are summarized in Table 25. Table 25 Residues in outdoor lettuce from foliar of dimethomorph in trials from the USA LETTUCE Critical GAP USA USA (GA) 28 (Italien Isher) USA (FL) 28 (Bibb) USA (WI) 28 (Black Seeded kg ai/ha Growth stage at last no ` 25 g/l a.225 vegetative 25 g/l a Residues (mg/kg) Leaves individual value average value /24 RCN R825 29/24 RCN R vegetative.42 c 9. 29/24 25 g/l a 9. c RCN R82

34 4 LETTUCE kg ai/ha Growth stage at last Simpson) USA (QC) 28 (Great Leak) USA (CA) 28 (Tohema) USA (CA) 28 (Salad Bowl) USA (CA) 28 (Butter Crunch) USA (CA) 28 (Sunbelt) USA (OR) 28 (Red Sails) 25 g/l a.225 BBCH 49 (typical leaf mass reached) no.225 mature 25 g/l a leaves 25 g/l a g/l a leaves g/l a leaves.225 BBCH g/l a (typical Residues (mg/kg) Leaves individual value c.6 c average value /24 RCN R828 29/24 RCN R829 29/24 RCN R82 29/24 RCN R82 29/24 RCN R /24 RCN R82

35 5 LETTUCE USA (CA) 998 (Green Vision) kg ai/ha Growth stage at last leaf mass reached) 5 b.98 Mature Leaves no Residues (mg/kg) Leaves individual value average value /55 CA 25 USA (CA) 998 (Paris Island, Cos M..) USA (CA) 998 (Waldman s Green M) USA (CA) 998 (Waldman s Green M) USA (FL) 998 (Romaine) 5 b.2 Mature Leaves 5 b.99 Mature Leaves 5 b.2 Mature Leaves 5 b.2 Beginning to bolt /55 CA /55 CA /55 CA 5. 2/55 FL 25 USA (NY) 998 (New Red Fire MTO) USA (OR) 998 (Paris Island Cos) 5 b.2 Mature Leaves 5 b.99 Mature Leaves /55 NY 8.4 2/55 OR 9 USA (TX) 998 (Black Seed Simpson) USA (TX) 998 (Paris Island Cos 5 b.99 Vegetativ e 5.99 Mature Leaves a Spray volumes of 2 L/ha b Spray volumes of L/ha c Mean of multiple analysis of the same field sample /55 TX /55 TX 26 Spinach Eight field trials were conducted in the USA in during growing season 28. was applied three times as a foliar broadcast spray and spray intervals of 4 8 days. The timing of the s was from 6 8 leaves until BBCH 49. Duplicate samples of mature leaves were analysed with LC-MS/MS using Method 55/. The limit of quantification was. mg/kg and the mean recovery 5% at fortification levels from. 2. mg/kg. The results are summarized in Table 26. Table 26 Residues in outdoor spinach from foliar of dimethomorph in trials from the USA SPINACH kg no Growth stage Leaves Residues (mg/kg) 5

36 6 Critical GAP USA USA (NY) 28 (Melody) USA (GA) 28 (Space FI) USA (WI) 28 (Unipack 5) USA (QC) 28 (Tyee) ai/ha at last plants close to 25 g/l b maturity 25 g/l b leaves 25 g/l b cm.225 BBCH 5 25 g/l b individual value a.9 a.2.2 <. < average value < /24 RCN R822 29/24 RCN R8 29/24 RCN R824 29/24 RCN R825 USA (TX) 28 (Siena) USA (ID) 28 (Unipack 5) 25 g/l b.225 BBCH BBCH g/l b /24 RCN R826 29/24 RCN R8 USA (CA) cm /24

37 SPINACH kg ai/ha no Growth stage at last (Crocodile) 25 g/l b USA (OR) 28 (Avenger) 25 g/l b.225 BBCH 49 a Mean of multiple analysis of the same field sample. b Spray volumes of L/ha. Residues (mg/kg) Leaves individual value average value RCN R88 29/24 RCN R89 Taro, leaf Three field trials on taro were conducted in Hawai during growing season 2. was applied seven times as a foliar spray (spray interval of to 8 days) or drip irrigation. Duplicate samples of leaves were analysed using GC-ECD and Method FAMS 2-4. The limit of quantification was. mg/kg and the recovery 6 9% at fortification level. mg/kg for leaves. The results are summarized in Table 2. Table 2 Residues in outdoor Taro from foliar of dimethomorph in trials from the USA TARO Critical GAP USA, except California USA (HI) 2 (Chinese) USA (HI) 2 (Chinese - 'Bun Long') USA (HI) 2 (Chinese - 'Bun Long') a Spray volumes of 4 9 L/ha b Drip irrigation kg ai/ha a no Growth stage at last b vegetative,.8 m.225 vegetative.5 m.225 vegetative.8 m Residues (mg/kg) Leaves mean mean mean.4 2/25 IR-4 PR 5 H9 2/25 IR-4 PR 5 H 2/25 IR-4 PR 5 H