Crop Protection Research Institute. The Benefits of Insecticide Use: Sunflowers. March Leonard Gianessi
|
|
- Reynold Mason
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Crop Protection Research Institute The Benefits of Insecticide Use: Sunflowers Lygus Bug Lygus Bug Damage, Kernel Brown Spot Spraying Sunflowers Banded Sunflower Moth Damage March 2009 Leonard Gianessi CropLife Foundation th Street, NW #400 Washington, DC Phone Fax
2 Key Points Growers of sunflower seeds who do not spray insecticides have insect damage over 10% which renders the crop unfit for human consumption. Lygus bugs were not a problem in sunflowers until Lygus bugs damage sunflowers with digestive enzymes resulting in a spot (kernel brown spot) on the seed. Banded sunflower moth can damage up to 40% of the sunflower seeds in a field. Technical Summary North Dakota, South Dakota and Minnesota account for two-thirds of U.S. acreage of commercial sunflowers. 1.8 million acres of sunflowers produce an annual crop valued at $319 million. 20% of the crop goes into the non-oil (confection) market for use in foods while 80% goes into processing for cooking oils. Approximately 209,000 acres are grown for confection food uses, producing a volume of 273 million pounds valued at $46 million. The sunflower is the only row crop in North America that coexists with its native ancestors [4]. Although sunflowers are native to North America, commercial sunflower production is relatively new in the U.S. Archeological evidence documents sunflower use by native Americans with the first cultivation around 3000 B.C. Native Americans used sunflower seed as a food before the cultivation of corn. Spanish explorers collected sunflower in North America and by 1580 it was a common garden flower in Spain [1]. It spread along trade routes to Europe, Egypt, India, China and Russia. Peter the Great is credited with the introduction of the sunflower into Russia in the 18 th century as an ornamental crop [2]. By 1769 it was being cultivated for oil. The Russian Orthodox Church, through strict Lenten fast regulations, may have inadvertently been responsible for encouraging the rapid adoption of sunflower oil as an edible oil. Lenten regulations were formulated before the introduction of sunflowers and thus parishioners rapidly adopted sunflower oil as the oil without sin for Lenten cooking [2]. Cultivated sunflowers returned to the Americas from Russia during the late 1800s and the seeds were primarily produced as scratch food for poultry. Acreage remained small below 80,000 acres through the mid 1960s. The great expansion in sunflower acres in the Northern Great Plains took place in the 1970s fueled by the rapid expansion in world oilseed demand and the introduction of a high-oil content sunflower variety from the USSR. Oilseed sunflower seeds are usually smaller and are black in color with a thin hull that adheres to the kernel [3]. Non-oil seed or confectionery sunflowers have striped hulls, are larger, and have thick hulls which are loosely attached, allowing for a more complete dehulling. The confectionery sunflowers sell for about 60% more than the oil varieties. When extensive commercial planting of sunflower began in the 1970s, many of the insects which evolved on native perennial sunflower species transferred to the cultivated
3 crop. The density of cultivated sunflowers is normally 37,000-60,000 plants per hectare as opposed to the scattered spacing of the native sunflower plants. The high density monocultures have become excellent hosts for some native insect pests which have adapted to cultivated sunflower and have become economic pests [4]. The high density of hosts in cultivated sunflower fields has resulted in increased populations of these insect pests by reducing the time required to identify suitable hosts [2]. The sunflower, because it is derived from a native ancestor, has parasitoids, predators and pathogens that moved along with the pest insects into cultivated plantings. However, the monocultural production methods, the increases in hectarage, and the expansion of the crop into new areas have led to insect population explosions that natural enemies have been unable to maintain below economic thresholds [2]. A set of trade standards have been developed for nonoil sunflower kernels which stipulate that there should be no more than 2% insect damage [20]. Pesticide use surveys for sunflower acreages in the northern Great Plains indicate that 33% of the acres are treated with insecticides [5]. It is believed that all of the confectionery acres and 50% of the oilseed acres are treated. The NDSU budget for confectionery sunflowers includes a spray targeted at head feeding insects: red seed weevil, lygus bug and banded sunflower moth [6]. The NDSU Extension Service recommends that sunflowers grown for the confectionery market be treated a minimum of two times for these three insect pests [7]. Growers who do not spray at all invariably have insect damage above 10% which renders the entire crop unfit for human consumption and may render it unusable even for bird feed due to the insect holes in the seed [21]. For oilseed sunflowers, NDSU recommends a spray for the banded sunflower moth when two moths are found for every 100 plants inspected. For the red sunflower seed weevil, NDSU recommends that oilseed growers determine the threshold for spraying based on the prices of sunflowers and insecticides and the number of sunflower plants per acre. Based on recent prices, spray thresholds for red sunflower seed weevil have been 3-8 weevils per head for oilseed [7]. There is a small acreage of organic sunflowers in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota. Most of these organic acres are for oil production. The world market for organic sunflower seeds for confectionary foods is dominated by China [22]. Two applications of insecticides for red seed weevil, lygus bug, and banded moth cost approximately $22/A including application costs, which represents about 12% of the cost of growing confection sunflowers [6]. Without insecticides sprays, it is assumed that the sunflower seeds could not be sold in the confection market but would instead be sold for oil with a loss of 60% in value.
4 Red Sunflower Seed Weevil The red sunflower seed weevils deposit eggs in sunflower seeds and larvae feed in the developing sunflower kernels destroying a portion of the kernel and reducing oil content. Red sunflower weevils are unable to lay eggs prior to pollen development because they require a pollen meal before the eggs can mature. The need for pollen indicates the close association between plant and insect. Eggs are deposited through the hull and are appressed to the developing kernel. A single egg is laid per seed. The larvae make an exit hole and exit the seeds in late summer and overwinter in the soil, emerging as adults the following summer. There is one generation per year. While some seeds may be totally consumed, research reveals that most seeds are only partially fed upon. This results in difficulty in separating undamaged from weevil-damaged seed. A single female red sunflower seed weevil lays enough eggs to damage an average of 20 seeds. The mean weight loss of damaged vs. undamaged seeds was 31% with a 25% reduction in oil content [19]. Population levels of natural enemies are insufficient to control the red sunflower seed weevil. Parasites attack about 5% of the larvae in the seeds and there is a 3% predation rate of larvae and pupae in the soil [13]. Insecticide treatments reduced seed weevil damage by 93-96% [18]. The number of larvae per head was reduced from 108 to less than 1[19]. Research has been conducted with trap crops where early maturing sunflowers were planted in the margins around commercial fields. The margins flowered earlier than the field interior and acted as an attractant for the red sunflower seed weevil which were killed with an insecticide in the trap crop before the interior field began to bloom. This reduced the need to spray the entire field with insecticides [23]. Banded Sunflower Moth During the development of the sunflower crop in the northern plains in the 1970s, the banded sunflower moth was reported to be a noneconomic problem requiring no management practices. However, since the early 1980s, cultivated sunflower fields in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota have frequently had economic damage from the insect [17]. In 1983 some North Dakota research fields experienced about 40% seed damage by the banded sunflower moth resulting in yield losses exceeding 534 lbs/a of seed [12]. Adults begin to emerge from the soil about mid-july and are present in the field until mid-august. The leaves of sunflower contain a combination of chemicals, volatiles, and moisture that stimulates egglaying by the banded sunflower moth [16]. Larvae penetrate and consume the contents of seeds. After feeding to maturity, larvae make an exit hole and drop to the ground and spin cocoons in the soil to overwinter. Yield loss due to larval feeding can be attributed to a reduction in seed number, seed weight, and oil content. Research determined that each larva consumes 6-7 seeds with an average of larvae per sunflower head [14]. Research with insecticides to control
5 the banded sunflower moth resulted in significantly greater total number of seeds per head (+200) and total yield (+445 lbs/a) compared with untreated sunflower [15]. Lygus Bug Kernel brown spot was observed for the first time in 1998 on dehulled confection sunflowers grown in north central states. The spot is superficial with little or no tissue degradation. There is usually no sign on the exterior of the hull that the kernel has brown spot. Processors are allowed only 0.5% brown spot damage in their finished product [8]. Farmers who produce sunflower seeds for the confection market end up selling the seeds for birdseed at low prices if more than 0.5% have kernel brown spot [9]. Feeding by the lygus bug was identified as the source of kernel brown spot. Though lygus bugs don t eat much (probably not enough to reduce sunflower crop yields), they inject plant tissues, such as the developing seeds, with digestive enzymes and extract nutrients with their pointed mouthparts [9]. Lygus insert their mouthparts into the host, start a pre-digestion pump to inject saliva and start digestion, then suck the fluids into the stomach. The saliva is toxic to plant tissue, helping reduce the plant fluid into a digestible source. The result is a spot (Kernel Brown Spot) resulting from tissue death at the feeding site. The brown spot can also result in a bitter taste to the seeds [10]. Research indicated 8 to 20 seeds were damaged by each adult lygus bug. Based on these figures, confection sunflower heads of approximately 800 seeds per head would sustain 1 to 2.5% damage from each lygus bug, a figure that exceeds the 0.5% level of damage allowed before dockage [10]. The sharp increase in broadleaf crops in the past few years may be a key reason why the lygus population is increasing. Sunflower is not a preferred crop for lygus. Since lygus are mobile with a wide crop preference, when a field infested with lygus is harvested, the bugs will move into the next closest food source [11]. Since sunflower blooms late in the summer relative to other crops, lygus may move from canola, alfalfa, and other crops harvested in late July to sunflower fields starting to bloom in August [11]. Research has shown that lygus are controlled by the same insecticide sprays that control banded sunflower moth and seed weevils. In four spray trials, kernel brown spot was reduced from 1.8% to 0.17% with insecticide sprays [8]. References 1. McCormick, Ian, Cecil W. Davison, and Roger L. Hoskin, The U.S. Sunflower Industry, Commodity Economics Division, Economic Research Service, USDA, Agricultural Economic Report No. 663, October Charlet, Laurence D., Dennis D. Kopp, and Christian Y. Oseto, Sunflowers: Their History and Associated Insect Community in the Northern Great Plains, Bulletin of the ESA, Summer Crop Profile for Sunflower in North Dakota, North Dakota State University Extension Service, September 1999.
6 4. Charlet, Larry D. and Gary J. Brewer, Sunflower Insect Pest Management in North America, University of Minnesota Radcliffe s IPM World Textbook, Available at 5. USDA, Agricultural Chemical Usage Field Crops: 1999, National Agricultural Statistics Service, May Swenson, Andrew and Ron Haugen, Projected 2006 Crop Budgets South Central North Dakota, Farm Management Planning Guide, North Dakota State University Extension Service, December Field Crop Insect Management Guide, NDSU Extension Service Report E Confections Seeing Spots, The Sunflower, January Charlet, Laurence D. and Thomas J. Gulya, Zeroing in on a Confectionary Sunflower Blemish, Agricultural Research, February Charlet, Larry D., Lygus Bug and Kernel Brown Spot in Confectionary Sunflower: Determination of Economic Injury Levels and Susceptible Growth Stages, and Control Potential With Insecticides, in Proceedings Sunflower Research Workshop, Charlet, Larry, Tom Gulya, and Cheryl Biller, Kernel Brown Spot on Confection Sunflowers: Disease or Insect Induced Problem?, in Proceedings Sunflower Research Workshop, Rogers, C.E., Insect Pests and Strategies for Their Management in Cultivated Sunflower, Field Crops Research, 30: , Charlet, Laurence D., Gary J. Brewer, and Bernard A Franzmann, Sunflower Insects, in A.A. Schneiter [ed.], Sunflower Technology and Production, Agron. Ser. 35. Am. Soc. Agron. Madison, WI. 14. Charlet, Laurence D. and Theresa A. Gross, Bionomics and Seasonal Abundance of the Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae) on Cultivated Sunflower in the Northern Great Plains, Journal of Economic Entomology, 83(1): , Charlet, Laurence D. and John D. Busacca, Insecticidal Control of Banded Sunflower Moth, Cochylis hospes (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae), Larvae at Different Sunflower Growth Stages and Dates of Planting in North Dakota, Journal of Economic Entomology, 79: (1986). 16. Barker, John F., Oviposition by the Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae) in Response to Constituents of the Bracts and Leaves of Helianthus annuus, Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(1): , Charlet, Laurence D., Biology and Seasonal Abundance of Parasitoids of the Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Sunflower, Biological Control, 20: , 2001.
7 18. Gednalske, J.V. and D.D. Walgenbach, Influence of Insecticide Application Timing on Damage by Smicronyx fulvus and S. sordidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Journal of Economic Entomology, 77: , Oseto, Christian Y. and Gary A. Braness, Chemical Control and Bioeconomics of Smicronyx fulvus on Cultivated Sunflower in North Dakota, Journal of Economic Entomology, 73: , Optimizing the Quality of Your Confection Crop, The Sunflower, April/May Keep the Banded Moth in Your Cross Hairs, The Sunflower, March/April Western Food Makers Source Chinese Organic Ingredients, available at: Brewer, G., Trap Cropping, The Sunflower, March 1993.
2009 SUNFLOWER INSECT PEST PROBLEMS AND INSECTICIDE UPDATE
2009 SUNFLOWER INSECT PEST PROBLEMS AND INSECTICIDE UPDATE Janet Knodel 1, Larry Charlet 2, Patrick Beauzay 1 and Theresa Gross 2 1 NDSU, School of Natural Resource Sciences Entomology, Fargo, ND 2 USDA-ARS,
More informationDevelopment of Host-Plant Resistance as a Strategy to Reduce Damage from the Major Sunflower Insect Pests
Development of Host-Plant Resistance as a Strategy to Reduce Damage from the Major Sunflower Insect Pests Larry Charlet 1, Rob Aiken 2, Gerald Seiler 1, Jan Knodel 3, Kathy Grady 4, Anitha Chirumamilla
More informationE-823 (Revised) Janet J. Knodel, Assistant Professor of Entomology Laurence D. Charlet, USDA, ARS, Research Entomologist
E-823 (Revised) Banded Sunflower Moth Janet J. Knodel, Assistant Professor of Entomology Laurence D. Charlet, USDA, ARS, Research Entomologist MAY 2010 Description The banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes
More informationThe Benefits of Insecticide Use: Avocados
Crop Protection Research Institute The Benefits of Insecticide Use: Avocados High Quality Avocado Avocados Damaged by Avocado Thrips Avocado Thrips March 2009 Searching for Predators of Avocado Thrips
More informationAcreage Forecast
World (John Sandbakken and Larry Kleingartner) The sunflower is native to North America but commercialization of the plant took place in Russia. Sunflower oil is the preferred oil in most of Europe, Mexico
More information2005 Plant Management Network. Accepted for publication 12 July Published 12 August 2005.
2005 Plant Management Network. Accepted for publication 12 July 2005. Published. Influence of Planting Date on Sunflower Stem Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larval Density and Parasitism in Oilseed
More informationLygus: Various Species Monitoring Protocol
Lygus: Various Species Monitoring Protocol Host Plants: A wide range of hosts including alfalfa, canola, lentils, potato, strawberries, flax, vegetable crops, fruit trees and weeds such as stinkweed, wild
More informationSome Common Insect Enemies
How to Recognize Some Common Insect Enemies of Stored Grain I By M. D. Farrar and W. P. Flint F the ever-normal granary is to benefit the people of the United States and not the insect population, owners
More informationCorn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn. Rick Foster Department of Entomology Purdue University
Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick Foster Department of Entomology Purdue University Pest of sweet corn, seed corn and tomato Two generations per year where it overwinters 2 nd is usually most
More informationMANAGING INSECT PESTS IN BERRIES AND FRUITS. Small Farm School 8 September 2012 Bruce Nelson, CCC Horticulture Department
MANAGING INSECT PESTS IN BERRIES AND FRUITS Small Farm School 8 September 2012 Bruce Nelson, CCC Horticulture Department RASPBERRIES TO START ORANGE TORTRIX ON RASPBERRY Raspberry Crown Borer RASPBERRY
More informationFruit Flies (Apple maggot, Cherry Fruit Flies, etc.) Diptera: Tephritidae
Fruit Flies (Apple maggot, Cherry Fruit Flies, etc.) Diptera: Tephritidae Apple Maggot Pennisetia marginata Lepidoptera: Sesiidae Apple Maggot Hosts Hawthorn (native host) Apple Crab apple Cherries Plum
More informationLeonard P. Gianessi Cressida S. Silvers Sujatha Sankula Janet E. Carpenter
Plant Biotechnology: Current and Potential Impact For Improving Pest Management In U.S. Agriculture An Analysis of 40 Case Studies June 2002 Fungal Resistant Sunflower Leonard P. Gianessi Cressida S. Silvers
More informationSpotted wing drosophila in southeastern berry crops
Spotted wing drosophila in southeastern berry crops Hannah Joy Burrack Department of Entomology entomology.ces.ncsu.edu facebook.com/ncsmallfruitipm @NCSmallFruitIPM Spotted wing drosophila Topics Biology
More informationFruit-infesting Flies
Fruit-infesting Flies There are two families of flies that may be known as fruit flies Fruit Flies Diptera: Tephritidae Small Fruit Flies/ Vinegar Flies Diptera: Drosophilidae Western Cherry Fruit Fly/Eastern
More informationVineyard Insect Management what does a new vineyard owner/manager need to know?
Vineyard Insect Management what does a new vineyard owner/manager need to know? Keith Mason and Rufus Isaacs Department of Entomology, Michigan State University masonk@msu.edu isaacsr@msu.edu Insect management
More informationSunflower Moth Control Using Chlorantraniliprole (Dupont or Besiege) vs. Common Insecticides Final Report
Sunflower Moth Control Using Chlorantraniliprole (Dupont or Besiege) vs. Common Insecticides Final Report Calvin Trostle 13, Ed Bynum 1, Ron Meyer 2 1 Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service 2 Colorado State
More informationYIELD, CULTURAL PRACTICES AND YIELD LIMITING FACTORS
29 National Sunflower Association Survey: YIELD, CULTURAL PRACTICES AND YIELD LIMITING FACTORS Duane R. Berglund, Professor Emeritus and former Extension Agronomist, Dept. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota
More informationHolly Insects. (2a*ttnoC 9$ K. G. Swenson W. C. Adlerz. Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State College Corvallis
(2a*ttnoC 9$ Holly Insects K. G. Swenson W. C. Adlerz Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State College Corvallis Circular of Information 567 November 1956 &Mtfud
More informationIdentification. Adults may be confused with other native brown stink bugs and western conifer seed bugs.
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys), a native pest of Asia, was first identified in North America in Pennsylvania in 2001. It has since spread throughout most of the
More informationTitle: Western New York Sweet Corn Pheromone Trap Network Survey
Title: Western New York Sweet Corn Pheromone Trap Network Survey Project leader(s): Marion Zuefle Cooperator(s): Abstract: The New York sweet corn pheromone trap network (SCPTN) is an affiliation of extension
More informationGiant whitefly. Perennial Crops. Biological Control Update on. Citrus Leafminer Olive fruit fly. Giant Whitefly. Release
Perennial Crops Biological Control Update on Giant whitefly Citrus Leafminer Olive fruit fly Provide consistent plant structure for long periods Stabilized soils & microclimates allow for greater species
More informationVineyard IPM Scouting Report for week of 18 June 2012 UW-Extension Door County and Peninsular Agricultural Research Station Sturgeon Bay, WI
NO. 10 1 Vineyard IPM Scouting Report for week of 18 June 2012 UW-Extension Door County and Peninsular Agricultural Research Station Sturgeon Bay, WI Grape Berry Moth and the Michigan State University
More informationDry Beans XIII-5 Mexican Bean Beetle
Dry Beans XIII-5 Mexican Bean Beetle Gary L. Hein & Frank B. Peairs Mexican bean beetle adult. Mexican bean beetle is perhaps the most serious insect pest of dry beans in the High Plains region. Recent
More informationVegetable Garden Insects
Vegetable Garden Insects Getting Started on Managing Pests Identify the pest Can the pest be manually controlled (trapping, handpicking, squashing, shop vac, etc.)? Would physical barriers such as floating
More informationBorers. What kinds of insects are borers? How do borers find stressed trees?
What kinds of insects are borers? Moths Shoot tip moths (several families) Clear wing moths Others, pyralid moths, carpenter worms Beetles Metallic wood boring beetles (Flat headed borers) Long horned
More informationational Sunflower Survey: An Overview
ational Sunflower Survey: An Overview Survey Format 1. Yield components (Plant population, head diameter, seed seed, % good seed, % center set, bird damage) = six components 2. Agronomic info (eight components)
More informationFungicides for phoma control in winter oilseed rape
October 2014 Fungicides for phoma control in winter oilseed rape Summary of HGCA fungicide project 2010 2014 (RD-2007-3457) While the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, operating through its
More informationInformation sources: 1, 5
1 The twolined chestnut borer (Agrilus bilineatus) is a pest in the eastern and central United States and some southeastern parts of Canada. They were first noted in the 1900 s due to their infestation
More informationSawflies : order Hymenoptera
Sawflies Stanton Gill Extension Specialist in IPM and Entomology University of Maryland Extension And Professor Montgomery College Landscape Technology 410-868-9400 Sawflies : order Hymenoptera Dusky winged
More informationEffects of Preharvest Sprays of Maleic Hydrazide on Sugar Beets
Effects of Preharvest Sprays of Maleic Hydrazide on Sugar Beets F. H. PETO 1 W. G. SMITH 2 AND F. R. LOW 3 A study of 20 years results from the Canadian Sugar Factories at Raymond, Alberta, (l) 4 shows
More informationOilseed Industry in the United States
Oilseed Industry in the United States The oilseed industry is a strong and vital participant in the U.S. economy. Oilseeds are highly versatile crops and are grown on more than 90 million acres. The worldwide
More informationManaging Navel Orangeworm (NOW) in Walnuts. Kathy Kelley Anderson Farm Advisor Stanislaus County
Managing Navel Orangeworm (NOW) in Walnuts Kathy Kelley Anderson Farm Advisor Stanislaus County worm infestation Know your enemy to manage infestations effectively distinguish between NOW and codling moth
More informationcone and seed insects -specialists in highly nutritious structures -life cycle closely tied to reproductive structure development
cone and seed insects -specialists in highly nutritious structures -life cycle closely tied to reproductive structure development may impact natural regeneration importance of seed and cone insects seed
More informationVineyard IPM Scouting Report for week of 26 July 2010 UW-Extension Door County and Peninsular Agricultural Research Station Sturgeon Bay, WI
Vineyard IPM Scouting Report for week of 26 July 2010 UW-Extension Door County and Peninsular Agricultural Research Station Sturgeon Bay, WI Multi-colored Asian lady beetle (MALB) Harmonia axyridis Of
More informationBiological Control of the Mexican Bean Beetle Epilachna varivestis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Using the Parasitic Wasp Pediobius foveolatus
Biological Control of the Mexican Bean Beetle Epilachna varivestis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Using the Parasitic Wasp Pediobius foveolatus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 2017 Mexican bean beetle adult P.
More informationMetallic Wood Borer in the News. Emerald Ash Borer
Metallic Wood Borer in the News Emerald Ash Borer that develops in ash trees (Fraxinus species) Emerald ash borer (EAB) is a greencolored beetle. and is Native to Asia Larvae tunnel under the bark girdling
More informationTHIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S.
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Date: GAIN Report
More informationProgress Report Submitted Feb 10, 2013 Second Quarterly Report
Progress Report Submitted Feb 10, 2013 Second Quarterly Report A. Title: New Project: Spotted wing drosophila in Virginia vineyards: Distribution, varietal susceptibility, monitoring and control B. Investigators:
More informationVineyard IPM Scouting Report for week of 14 May 2012 UW-Extension Door County and Peninsular Agricultural Research Station Sturgeon Bay, WI
NO. 5 1 Vineyard IPM Scouting Report for week of 14 May 2012 UW-Extension Door County and Peninsular Agricultural Research Station Sturgeon Bay, WI Grape Phylloxera Although phylloxera leaf galls have
More informationForage Pests Identification and Control. By Mir M Seyedbagheri University of Idaho, Elmore Extension
Forage Pests Identification and Control By Mir M Seyedbagheri University of Idaho, Elmore Extension Alfalfa Caterpillar: Larvae are velvety, green caterpillars up to 38 mm long. They have a narrow, white
More informationArthropod Management in California Blueberries. David Haviland and Stephanie Rill UC Cooperative Extension, Kern Co. Blueberry Field Day 20 May 2009
Arthropod Management in California Blueberries David Haviland and Stephanie Rill UC Cooperative Extension, Kern Co. Blueberry Field Day 20 May 2009 Citrus thrips White grubs Flower thrips Flatheaded borer
More informationIndia. Oilseeds and Products Update. August 2012
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Oilseeds and Products
More informationForage Planting Alternatives Mike Ballweg, Crops & Soils Agent, Sheboygan County
650 Forest Avenue Forest Avenue Sheboygan Falls, WI 53085 (920) 467-5740 Special Forage Edition June 2004 Forage Planting Alternatives Mike Ballweg, Crops & Soils Agent, Sheboygan County For many dairy
More informationHISTORY USES AND HEALTH BENEFITS. Figure 31. Nanking cherries
nanking cherries Nanking cherries (Prunus tomentosa) are shrubs that grow from three feet up to ten feet tall with twigs that usually occupy an area twice as wide as the plant is tall. Up to 20 canes can
More informationParasitoids of the pepper weevil across North America
Parasitoids of the pepper weevil across North America Rose Labbe, PhD Harrow Research and Development Centre AAFC Pepper production in North America 1.8M tons of bell peppers produced in Mexico in 2007
More informationSunflower seed COMMODITY PROFILE
Contents 1. Description of the industry............................ 1 2. Marketing structure................................. 3 3. Strategic challenges................................ 6 4. Other information..................................
More informationMonitoring and Controlling Grape Berry Moth in Texas Vineyards
Monitoring and Controlling Grape Berry Moth in Texas Vineyards Fritz Westover Viticulture Extension Associate Texas Gulf Coast April 2008 Lifecycle of Grape Berry Moth The Grape Berry Moth (GBM) over-winters
More informationInformation - Peanuts
Information - Peanuts Peanuts were grown by ancient civilizations of South America at least 2,000 years ago. Peanuts, though native to South America, have been consumed as food for centuries in other places
More informationManaging Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila Suzukii Matsumara, In Raspberry.
Managing Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila Suzukii Matsumara, In Raspberry. https://www.eddmaps.org/swd/ https://blogs.cornell.edu/jentsch /small-fruit/ Female SWD Biology Presence of SWD in NYS in September
More informationRUST RESISTANCE IN WILD HELIANTHUS ANNUUS AND VARIATION BY GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN
RUST RESISTANCE IN WILD HELIANTHUS ANNUUS AND VARIATION BY GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN Dr. Tom GULYA USDA Northern Crop Science Lab, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Dr. Gary KONG, DPI, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia Mary BROTHERS
More informationInsect Pests. of Sunflowers. Manitoba ARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. RiBUOTHEQUE CANADIENNE DE LWGRtCULTl CANADIAN AGRICULTURE LIBRARY ENTOMOLOGY DIVISION
PUBLICATION 944 ISSUED APRIL 1955 CANADIAN AGRICULTURE LIBRARY RiBUOTHEQUE CANADIENNE DE LWGRtCULTl Insect Pests of Sunflowers in Manitoba by P. H. WESTDAL C. F. BARRETT SCIENCE SERVICE ' ENTOMOLOGY DIVISION
More informationChile. Tree Nuts Annual. Almonds and Walnuts Annual Report
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Date: GAIN Report
More informationFungicides for phoma control in winter oilseed rape
October 2016 Fungicides for phoma control in winter oilseed rape Summary of AHDB Cereals & Oilseeds fungicide project 2010-2014 (RD-2007-3457) and 2015-2016 (214-0006) While the Agriculture and Horticulture
More informationArea-Wide Program to Eradicate the European Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana in California, USA.
United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine Area-Wide Program to Eradicate the European Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana in California,
More informationIntegrated Pest Management Program Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture UConn Extension
Integrated Pest Management Program Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture UConn Extension Small Fruit & Grape Update: June 7, 2018 Mary Concklin, Visiting Associate Extension Educator -
More informationIntegrated Pest Management for Nova Scotia Grapes- Baseline Survey
Integrated Pest Management for va Scotia Grapes- Baseline Survey This is a collaborative research project between the Hillier lab at Acadia University and GGANS/WANS to investigate potential insect threats
More informationManaging Insect Pests of Ripening Grapes
Managing Insect Pests of Ripening Grapes Keith Mason and Rufus Isaacs Department of Entomology, MSU Great Lakes Fruit and Vegetable Expo December 5, 2017 masonk@msu.edu Outline Background and biology of
More informationPea Leaf Weevil : Sitona lineatus Linnaeus Monitoring Protocol
Pea Leaf Weevil : Sitona lineatus Linnaeus Monitoring Protocol Host plants: Plants belong to the family Leguminaceae including cultivated and wild legume species and specifically dry beans, faba beans
More informationExecutive Summary. Janet Knodel 1, Mangala Ganehiarachchi 1, Patrick Beauzay 1 and Larry Charlet 2
Bionomics and Integrated Control of the Sunflower Seed Maggot, (Neotephritis finalis) and the Sunflower Bud Moth (Suleima helianthana) in the Northern Plains Sunflower Production Region: 2009 Results Janet
More informationDairy Market. Overview. Commercial Use of Dairy Products. U.S. Dairy Trade
Dairy Market Dairy Management Inc. R E P O R T Volume 21 No. 5 May 2018 DMI NMPF Overview Many of the key dairy market statistics reported for March and April indicated that milk prices for U.S. dairy
More informationMetallic Wood Borer in the News. Emerald Ash Borer
Metallic Wood Borer in the News Emerald Ash Borer that develops in ash trees (Fraxinus species) Emerald ash borer (EAB) is a greencolored beetle. and is Native to Asia Larvae tunnel under the bark girdling
More informationCrops - Commercial. Soybeans
Crops - Commercial Insect Banded cucumber beetles 5 Bean leaf beetles 5 Beet army worms 3 Blister beetles 5 Brown stink bugs Sevin (carbaryl) (4) 16 ounces 0.5 8 Four beetles per sweep. Karate Z (2.08)
More informationCitrus Crop Guide. New registration for citrus gall wasp
New registration for citrus gall wasp Confidor Guard is the only product available registered for the suppression of citrus gall wasp larvae as they develop inside the shoots of citrus trees. In addition,
More informationCrops - Commercial. Soybeans
Banded cucumber Sevin (carbaryl) (4) 0.5 Treat for 4 beetles per sweep. beetles 5 Karate Z (2.08) 0.02-0.025 Declare (1.25) 0.01-0.0125 Bean leaf beetles 5 Sevin (carbaryl) (4) 0.5 After pod set, treat
More informationECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF LOUISIANA SUGARCANE PRODUCTION IN 2017
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF LOUISIANA SUGARCANE PRODUCTION IN 2017 Michael Deliberto 1, Kurt Guidry 1 and Kenneth Gravois 2 1 Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, and 2 Sugar Research Station
More informationSpring & Winter Safflower as a Potential Crop South Plains Region, Texas
Spring & Winter Safflower as a Potential Crop South Plains Region, Texas Calvin Trostle, Ph.D. Extension Agronomy, Lubbock (806) 746-6101, ctrostle@ag.tamu.edu Updated March 2014 Mid-spring stand (Irrig.)
More informationDairy Market. Overview. Commercial Use of Dairy Products
Dairy Market Dairy Management Inc. R E P O R T Volume 21 No. 6 June 2018 DMI NMPF Overview U.S. dairy markets received a one-two punch during the first weeks of June in the form of collateral damage from
More informationcommon name: Florida bromeliad weevil (suggested common name) scientific name: Metamasius mosieri Barber (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Page 1 of 9 Entomology & Nematology FDACS/DPI EDIS Search Go common name: Florida bromeliad weevil (suggested common name) scientific name: Metamasius mosieri Barber (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
More informationThe Implications of Climate Change for the Ontario Wine Industry
The Implications of Climate Change for the Ontario Wine Industry Tony B. Shaw Department of Geography and Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute Brock University Climate Change Most scientists
More informationInsects in Vegetables: A Review of 2011 and What to Know for 2012
1/3/12 Insects in Vegetables: A Review of 211 and What to Know for 212 CABBAGE CATERPILLARS Rick Foster Purdue University Diamondback Moth Diamondback Moth Most serious pest worldwide $1 billion annually
More informationThe Benefits of Insecticide Use: Cucumbers
Crop Protection Research Institute The Benefits of Insecticide Use: Cucumbers Pickleworm Moth Pickleworm Moth Damage Spraying Cucumbers Bacteria Transmitted by Cucumber Beetle March 2009 Leonard Gianessi
More informationThe Allium Industry in California and The History and Importance of White Rot
The Allium Industry in California and The History and Importance of White Rot Ron Voss, Vegetable Crops Department, Univ. of California, Davis Robert Ehn, California Garlic and Onion Research Advisory
More informationEFFECT OF CULTURAL MANIPULATION OF "MUMMY" WALNUTS ON WINTER SURVIVAL OF NAVEL ORANGEWORM
EFFECT OF CULTURAL MANIPULATION OF "MUMMY" WALNUTS ON WINTER SURVIVAL OF NAVEL ORANGEWORM G. Steven Sibbett, R. Van Steenwyck INTRODUCTION Navel orangeworm (NOW) is one of the most important insect pests
More informationThe Pepper Weevil and Its Management
L-5069 The Pepper Weevil and Its Management David G. Riley and Alton N. Sparks, Jr.* The pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Figure 1), is a severe insect pest of sweet and hot varieties of pepper,
More informationTanzania. Coffee Annual. Tanzania Coffee Annual Report
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Date: GAIN Report
More informationTHIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S.
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Date: GAIN Report
More informationRisk Assessment of Grape Berry Moth and Guidelines for Management of the Eastern Grape Leafhopper
NUMBER 138,1991 ISSN 0362-0069 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, A Division of New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, a Statutory College of the State University,
More informationMonthly Economic Letter
Monthly Economic Letter Cotton Market Fundamentals & Price Outlook RECENT PRICE MOVEMENT After falling in the days surrounding the release of last month s USDA report, NY futures and the A Index were mostly
More informationOriental Fruit Moth Invades Illinois
Oriental Fruit Moth Invades Illinois By W. P. FLINT and S. C. CHANDLER University of Illinois College of Agriculture and Agricultural Experiment Station Circular 338 THE cover picture shows a peach into
More informationDairy Market. May 2017
Dairy Market Dairy Management Inc. R E P O R T Volume 20 No. 4 May 2017 DMI NMPF Overview The rate of milk production growth began to moderate during the first quarter, but additional milk production continues
More information2010 National Sunflower Association Survey. Project Leader: Hans Kandel Extension Agronomist NDSU Crop Science Department
2010 National Sunflower Association Survey Project Leader: Hans Kandel Extension Agronomist NDSU Crop Science Department 2010 Sunflower Survey- # Fields North Dakota-96 Minnesota-15 South Dakota-36 Kansas-9
More informationHELOPELTIS Tea Mosquito
HELOPELTIS Tea Mosquito The body (abdomen) of females is green (the color of rice seedlings). 1 Eggs hatch after 5-10 days depending on the temperature (sooner in warm temperatures). HELOPELTIS LIFE CYCLE
More informationFaba Bean. Uses of Faba Bean
Faba Bean Faba bean is a pulse crop capable of growing in cool, wet environments and is used for both human and animal consumption. There are two types of faba bean varieties - tannin and low tannin (zero
More informationPlant Biotechnology: Current and Potential Impact For Improving Pest Management In U.S. Agriculture An Analysis of 40 Case Studies June 2002
Plant Biotechnology: Current and Potential Impact For Improving Pest Management In U.S. Agriculture An Analysis of 40 Case Studies June 2002 Viral Resistant Potato Leonard P. Gianessi Cressida S. Silvers
More informationJanuary 2015 WORLD GRAPE MARKET SUPPLY, DEMAND AND FORECAST
January 2015 WORLD GRAPE MARKET SUPPLY, DEMAND AND FORECAST Table of Contents Executive Summary... 4 1. VARIETIES OF GRAPES... 6 1.1. White table grapes... 6 1.2. Red table grapes... 6 2. WORLD DEMAND
More informationOrange Forecast. By: Taylor Erlbaum Sadamitsu Sakoguchi Ika Widyawardhani
Orange Forecast By: Taylor Erlbaum Sadamitsu Sakoguchi Ika Widyawardhani Amazing Facts People in Nepal almost never peel their oranges, but eat them rind and all. Spain has over 35,000,000 orange trees.
More informationThis presentation is about the Light Brown Apple Moth, an invasive pest posing an economic and environmental threat to New York.
This presentation is about the Light Brown Apple Moth, an invasive pest posing an economic and environmental threat to New York. 1 2 This presentation is about the light brown apple moth, an invasive pest
More informationDairy Market. November 2017
Dairy Market Dairy Management Inc. R E P O R T Volume 20 No. 10 November 2017 DMI NMPF Overview U.S. Cheddar cheese prices hit a 10-month high in October, while butter prices softened but remained well
More information6/18/18. Garden Insects of Eastern North America. Good Bugs, Bad Bugs: Friends and Foes in the Garden. Tips for Organic Gardening
Good Bugs, Bad Bugs: Friends and Foes in the Garden PJ Liesch UW-Madison @WiBugGuy Garden Insects of Eastern North America Available Online through a number of vendors Usually ~$25 on Amazon Lots of images
More informationWhat is Saffron? Saffron is the dry stigma of Crocus sativus L. flowers. Flowering: autumn. In cultivation for over 3,500 yr
What is Saffron? The most expensive spice in the world over $3,000-9,000/lb! Saffron is the dry stigma of Crocus sativus L. flowers. Flowering: autumn In cultivation for over 3,500 yr Origin: Probably
More informationEmerald Ash Borer in Colorado
Emerald Ash Borer in Colorado that develops in ash trees (Fraxinus species) Emerald ash borer (EAB) is a greencolored beetle. and is Native to Asia EAB was accidentally been introduced into North America
More informationEvaluation of Insect-Protected and Noninsect-Protected Supersweet Sweet Corn Cultivars for West Virginia 2014
Evaluation of Insect-Protected and Noninsect-Protected Supersweet Sweet Corn Cultivars for West Virginia 2014 Lewis W. Jett, David Workman, and Brian Sparks West Virginia University According to the 2012
More informationVineyard Site Selection and Layout. Dean Volenberg UW-Extension Door County
Vineyard Site Selection and Layout Dean Volenberg UW-Extension Door County Vineyard Site Selection Climate & Geographic Location French American hybrid wine grape plants are a phenologically distinct crop
More informationYIELD, CULTURAL PRACTICES AND YIELD LIMITING FACTORS
26 National Sunflower Association Survey: YIELD, CULTURAL PRACTICES AND YIELD LIMITING FACTORS Duane R. Berglund Professor Emeritus and former Extension Agronomist, Dept. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota
More informationThe Bean Plataspid, Megacopta cribraria, Feeding on Kudzu: an Accidental Introduction with Beneficial Effects
The Bean Plataspid, Megacopta cribraria, Feeding on Kudzu: an Accidental Introduction with Beneficial Effects Jim Hanula 1, Yanzhuo Zhang 2 and Scott Horn 1 1 USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station,
More information2012 National Sunflower Association Survey. Project Leader: Hans Kandel Extension Agronomist NDSU Crop Science Department
2012 National Sunflower Association Survey Project Leader: Hans Kandel Extension Agronomist NDSU Crop Science Department 2012 Sunflower Survey - # Fields North Dakota - 97 Minnesota - 10 South Dakota -
More informationLight Brown Apple Moth; Biology, monitoring and control
Light Brown Apple Moth; Biology, monitoring and control For Sonoma County Growers In or Close to a LBAM Quarantine Area, May-June 2009 Rhonda Smith University of California Cooperative Extension Sonoma
More informationMarvin Butler, Rhonda Simmons, and Ralph Berry. Abstract. Introduction
Evaluation of Coragen and Avaunt Insecticides for Control of Mint Root Borer in Central Oregon Marvin Butler, Rhonda Simmons, and Ralph Berry Abstract Pheromone traps that attract male mint root borer
More informationCrops - Commercial. Soybean
Banded cucumber beetle 5 Bean leaf beetle 5 Beet armyworm 3 per s Treated Sevin (Carbaryl) (4) 16 oz. 0.5 8 4 beetles per sweep. Karate Z (2.08) 1.28-1.60 oz. 0.02-0.025 100-80 Declare (1.25) 1.02-1.28
More informationWhat is Canola? Basic Canola Agronomics. Heath Sanders Canola Field Specialist Great Plains Canola Assoc. March 31 st 2014
What is Canola? Basic Canola Agronomics Heath Sanders Canola Field Specialist Great Plains Canola Assoc. March 31 st 2014 1 Great Plains Canola Association GPCA is a membership organization providing research
More information