Table of Contents Technical Handbook 1

Transcription

1 Table of Contents Brown Rice Specification Maize Specification 7 Pearl Millet Specification 1 Finger Millet Specification 17 Chickpeas Specification Cowpeas Specification 6 Dry Beans Specification 0 Dry Pigeon Peas Specification 5 Dry Soyabeans Specification 9 Dry Split Peas Specification 44 Dry Whole Peas Specification 49 Faba Beans Specification 5 Green Grams Specification 57 Lentils Specification 6 Milled Rice Specification 66 Pigeon Peas Specification 7 Rough Rice Specification 76 Sorghum Specification 81 Wheat Grain Specification 87 Technical Handbook 1

2 East African Community Brown Rice Specification Technical Handbook

3 Quality Classification S/N Characteristics Maximum Limits Grade 1 Grade Grade Method of Test i) Broken, % 5 7 ii) Head Damaged Rice, % iii) Damaged Rice, % 1 4 iv) Chalky, % 4 6 v) Red or Red Streaked, % vi) Immature Grains, % 6 1 vii) Other Contrasting Varieties, % 1 5 viii) Organic Matter, % ix) Inorganic Matter, % x) Live Weevils/kg Nil Nil Nil xi) Filth, % 0.1 xii) Paddy Grains, % 1.5 xiii) Moisture Contents, % 14 ISO 711/ ISO71 xiv) Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb 10 xv) Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 ISO xvi) Fumonisin, ppm AOAC NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. Technical Handbook

4 Grade 1 Grade Key (Grade 1): All in % BROKEN HEAT DAMAGED RICE DAMAGED RICE CHALKY RED OR RED STREAKED All Grades IMMATURE GRAINS OTHER CONTRASTING VARIETIES ORGANIC MATTER INORGANIC MATTER FILTH PADDY GRAINS Characteristics Key (Grade and Grade ): All in % BROKEN HEAT DAMAGED RICE DAMAGED RICE CHALKY Maximum Limits RED OR RED STREAKED Method of Test Live Weevils/KG Nil Moisture Contents, % 14 ISO 711/ISO 71 Total Aflatoxin (AFB AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb ISO Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 Fumonisin, ppm AOAC Grade IMMATURE GRAINS OTHER CONTRASTING VARIETIES ORGANIC MATTER INORGANIC MATTER FILTH PADDY GRAINS NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains, is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects Technical Handbook

5 Scope Brown Rice Broken Kernels Chalky Chip Damaged Kernels/ Defective Degermed Foreign Matter Head Rice Immature Kernel/ Malformed Insect/Pest Damaged Inseparable Seeds Milling Yield Natural Stain Paddy This East African Standard specifies the requirements and methods of sampling and test for brown rice of the varieties grown from Oryza spp., intended for human consumption or for processing to milled rice. Means rice (Oryza spp) from which only the outermost layer (the husk) of a grain of rice has been removed. Means pieces of rice that are less than three-quarters of a whole kernel and includes grains of rice in which part of the endosperm is exposed or rice without a germ. If the piece is more than three-quarters of a kernel, it is considered whole. Means whole or large broken kernels of rice which are one-half or more chalky. Means part of kernel which passes through a metal sieve with round perforations 1.4 mm in diameter. Means whole or broken kernels of rice which are distinctly discoloured or damaged by water, insects, heat, or any other means (including parboiled kernels in nonparboiled rice and smutty kernels). Means kernel whose germ has been removed through the mechanical handling process or by insect attack. Means organic and inorganic material other than pearl millet, broken kernels, other grains and filth. Means whole kernel or part of the kernel with a length greater than or equal to 75 % of the average length of the test sample kernels (see Figure 1). Key a L Not passing through a round perforation of 1.4 mm in diameter is the average length Means head rice or broken kernel which is unripe and/or badly developed. Figure 1 Size of kernels, broken kernels and chips Means grains eaten in part by stored grain insects and any field pests of grains including Heliothis spp. Grains may have a hole (commonly referred to as bored) or have a chewed appearance on any part of the grain. Means seeds not removed by the cleaning process, usually large seeds. Means an estimate of the quantity of whole kernels and total milled rice (whole and broken kernels combined) that is produced in the milling of brown rice for processing to a well-milled degree. Means stain on kernels caused by contact with natural substances such as bunt spores, soil or weeds. Means whole or broken un-hulled and whole or broken hulled kernels of rice having a portion or portions of the hull remaining which cover one-half (1/) or more of the whole or broken kernel. Technical Handbook 5

6 Parboiled Brown Rice Partly Gelatinized Poisonous, toxic and/or harmful seeds Red-streaked Un-gelatinized Variety Food grade Material Quality Requirements General requirements Specific Requirements Means rice in which the starch has been gelatinized by soaking, steaming, and drying. Means head rice or kernel of parboiled rice which is not fully gelatinized and shows a distinct white opaque area. Means seed which if present in quantities above permissible limit may have damaging or dangerous effect on health, organoleptic properties or technological performance such as Jimson weed datura (D. fastuosa Linn and D. stramonium Linn.) corn cokle (Agrostemma githago L., Machai Lallium remulenum Linn.) Akra (Vicia species), Argemone mexicana, Khesari and other seeds that are commonly recognized as harmful to health. Means head rice or broken kernel with red bran streaks of length greater than or equal to 50 % of that whole kernel, but where the surface covered by these red streaks is less than 5 % of the total surface. Means whole or broken kernels of parboiled rice with distinct white or chalky areas due to incomplete gelatinization of the starch. Means class of brown rice. Means packaging material, made of substances which are safe and suitable for their intended use and which will not impart any toxic substance or undesirable odour or flavour to the product. The rough rice from which the brown rice is obtained shall be of sound quality, free from sand, have characteristic odour and flavour complying with FDEAS 764. Brown rice shall be: a) the dried mature grains of edible Oryza spp; b) clean, wholesome, uniform in size, colour and shape; c) safe and suitable for human consumption; d) free from abnormal flavours, musty, sour or other undesireable odour, obnoxious smell and discolouration; e) free from micro-organisms and substances originating from micro-organisms, fungi or other poisonous or deleterious substances in amounts that may constitute a hazard to human health. Brown rice shall be in form of well-filled seeds of uniform colour representative of the declared variety. The four classes in shall be based on the percentage of whole kernels, and types of rice: Long Grain Brown Rice shall consist of rough rice which contains more than 5.0 % of whole kernels of brown rice and in Grades 1 through 4 not more than 10.0 % of whole or broken kernels of medium or short grain rice. Medium Grain Brown Rice shall consist of brown rice which contains more than 5.0 % of whole kernels of brown rice and in Grades 1 through 4 not more than 10.0 % of whole or broken kernels of long grain rice or whole kernels of short grain rice. Short Grain Brown Rice shall consist of brown rice which contains more than 5.0 % of whole kernels of brown rice and in Grades 1 through 4 not more than 10.0 % of whole or broken kernels of long grain rice or whole kernels of medium grain rice. Mixed Brown Rice shall consist of brown rice which contains more than 5.0 % of whole kernels of brown rice and more than 10.0 % of other types. Brown rice for human consumption shall be categorized into three grades on the basis of the tolerable limits established in the table above. 6 Technical Handbook

7 East African Community Maize Specification Technical Handbook 7

8 S/N Characteristics Maximum Limits Grade 1 Grade Grade Method of Test i) Foreign Matter, %m/m ii) Inorganic Matter, %m/m iii) Broken Kernels, %m/m 4 6 iv) Pest Damaged Grains, %m/m 1 5 v) Rotten and Diseased Grains, %m/m 4 5 vi) Discoloured Grains, %m/m vii) Moisture, %m/m 1.5 ISO 711/71 viii) Immature/Shrivelled Grains, %m/m 1 ix) Filth, %m/m 0.1 x) Total Defective Grains, %m/m xi) Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb 10 xii) Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 ISO xiii) Fumonisin, ppm AOAC NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. 8 Technical Handbook

9 All Grades Characteristics Maximum Limits Method of Test Filth 0.1 Moisture Contents, % 1.5 ISO 711/ISO Grade 1 Grade Key (All Grades): All in %. FOREIGN MATTER Total Aflatoxin (AFB AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb ISO Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 Fumonisin, ppm AOAC ROTTEN AND DISEASED GRAINS 1 7 Grade INORGANIC MATTER DISCOLOURED GRAINS BROKEN KERNELS IMMATURE/SHRIVELLED GRAINS PEST DAMAGED GRAINS TOTAL DEFECTIVE GRAINS NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains, is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. Technical Handbook 9

10 Scope Blemished/Damaged Insect or Vermin Damaged Maize Stained Maize Diseased Maize Discoloured Maize Germinated Maize Frost Damaged Maize Mouldy Maize Immature/Shrivelled Maize Broken Kernels Other Grains Foreign Matter Filth Defective Maize Food Grade Material This East African Standard specifies the requirements and methods of sampling and test for maize grains of varieties grown from common maize grains, Zea Mays indentata L. (dent maize), and/or Zea mays indurata L.(flint maize), or their hybrids intended for human consumption. Means grains which are insect or vermin damaged, stained, diseased, discoloured, germinated, frost damaged, or otherwise materially damaged. Means kernels with obvious weevil-bored holes or which have evidence of boring or tunneling, indicating the presence of insects, insect webbing or insect refuse, or degermed grains, chewed in one or more than one part of the kernel which exhibit evident traces of an attack by vermin. Means kernels whose natural colour has been altered by external factors. This includes ground, soil or weather damaged kernels, which may have dark stains or discolourations with a rough external appearance. Means grains made unsafe for human consumption due to decay, moulding, or bacterial decomposition, or other causes that may be noticed without having to cut the grains to examine them. Means kernels materially discoloured by excessive heat, including that caused by excessive respiration (heat damage) and dried damaged kernels. Kernels may appear darkened, wrinkled, blistered, puffed or swollen, often with discoloured, damaged germs. The seed coat may be peeling or may have peeled off completely, giving kernels a checked appearance. Means kernels showing visible signs of sprouting, such as cracked seed coats through which a sprout has emerged or is just beginning to emerge. Means kernels which appear bleached or blistered and the seed coat may be peeling, germs may appear dead or discoloured. Means grains with visible mycelial growth on its tip or surface. Means grains which are underdeveloped, thin and papery in appearance. Means pieces of maize which shall pass through a 4.50 mm metal sieve Means edible grains, whole or identifiable broken, other than maize (i.e., cereals, pulses and other edible legumes). Means all organic and inorganic material (such as sand, soil, glass) other than maize, broken kernels and other grains. Means impurities of animal origin. Means pest damaged, discouloured, diseased, germinated, mouldy, immature and shrivelled grains, or otherwise materially damaged, which specifically do not include broken grains. Means packaging material, made of substances which are safe and suitable for their intended use and which will not impart any toxic substance or undesirable odour or flavour to the product. 10 Technical Handbook

11 Quality Requirements Maize may be presented as yellow, white, or red, or a mixture of these colours. General requirements Specific Requirements Yellow maize may contain not more than 5.0 % by weight of maize of other colours. Maize grains which are yellow and/or light red in colour are considered to be yellow maize. Yellow maize also means maize grains which are yellow and dark red in colour, provided the dark red colour covers less than 50 % of the surface of the grain. White maize may contain not more than.0 % by weight of maize of other colours. Maize grains which are white and/or light pink in colour are considered to be white maize. White maize also means maize grains which are white and pink in colour, provided the pink colour covers less than 50 % of the surface of the grain. Red maize may contain not more than 5.0 % by weight of maize of other colours. Maize grains which are pink and white, grey or dark red and yellow in colour are considered to be red maize, provided the pink or dark red or yellow colour covers 50 % or more of the surface of the grain. Mixed maize includes maize not falling into the classes of white, yellow or red maize as defined above. Maize may be presented as flint or dent or their hybrids or mixtures thereof. Flint maize includes maize of any colour which consists of 95% or more by weight of grains of flint maize. Dent maize includes maize of any colour which consists of 95% or more by weight of grains of dent maize. Flint and dent and maize includes maize of any colour which consists of more than 0.5 % but less than 95.0 % of flint maize. Maize shall be free from foreign odours, moulds, live pests, rat droppings, toxic or noxious weed seeds and other injurious contaminants as determined from samples representative of the lot. Maize shall be reasonably uniform in colour according to type, be whole and clean. Technical Handbook 11

12 East African Community Pearl Millet Specification 1 Technical Handbook

13 Quality Classification S/N Characteristics Maximum Limits Grade 1 Grade Grade Method of Test i) Foreign Matter*, whole Organic grains, % m/m, max. Inorganic ii) Foreign Matter*, decorticated, % m/m, max. 0.5 iii) Other Edible Grains, % m/m, max..5 iv) Damaged Grain, % m/m, max 1 4 v) Immature and Shrivelled, % m/m, max. 5 8 vi) Weeviled Grains, % by count vii) Moisture Content, % m/m, max. 14 ISO 711/71 viii) Crude Protein (on dry matter basis) % m/m, min. 8 ISO 048 ix) Ergot Affected Grains, % m/m, max 0.05 EAS 8 x) Fat Content, (on dry Whole Millet Grains.5 to 6 matter basis) % m/m Decorticated Millet Grains to 4 ISO 5986 xi) Total Ash (Decorticated), % m/m, max. 1 EAS 8 xii) Tannin Content, % m/m, max. 0.5 ISO 9648 xiii) 1000 Kernel Weight, g Whole Millet Grains 5 to 10 Decorticated Millet Grains 4 to 8 ISO 50 xiv) One Litre Weight, g 750 to 80 ISO /ISO xv) Crude Fibre, % m/m Whole Millet Grains to 4.5 Decorticated Millet Grains ISO 5498 xvi) Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb 10 xvii) Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 ISO xviii) Fumonisin, ppm AOAC *Foreign matter is mineral or organic matter (dust, twigs, seed coats, seeds of other species, dead insects, fragments, or remains of insects, other impurities of animal origin). Pearl millet grains shall have not more than 1 % extraneous matter of which not more than 0.5 % shall be mineral matter and not more than 0.10 % shall be dead insects, fragments or remains of insects, and/or other impurities of animal origin. Technical Handbook 1

14 All Grades Characteristic Maximum Limits Method of Test Foreign matter, decorticated, % m/m, max. 0.5 Moisture Content, % m/m, max. 14 ISO 711/71 Crude Protein (on dry matter basis) % m/m, min. 8 ISO 048 Ergot Affected Grains, % m/m, max 0.05 EAS 8 Fat Content, (on dry Whole Millet Grains.5 to 6 matter basis) % m/m Decorticated Millet Grains to 4 ISO 5986 Total Ash (Decorticated), % m/m, max. 1 EAS 8 Tannin Content, % m/m, max. 0.5 ISO Kernel Weight, g Whole Millet Grains 5 to 10 Decorticated Millet Grains 4 to 8 ISO 50 One Litre Weight, g 750 to 80 ISO /ISO Crude Fibre, % m/m Whole Millet Grains to 4.5 Decorticated Millet Grains ISO 5498 Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb 10 Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 ISO Fumonisin, ppm AOAC Technical Handbook

15 Grade 1 Grade Grade Key (All Grades): All in % FOREIGN MATTER* ORGANIC FOREIGN MATTER* INORGANIC OTHER EDIBLE GRAINS DAMAGED GRAIN IMMATURE/SHRIVELLED WEEVILED GRAINS * Foreign matter is mineral or organic matter (dust, twigs, seed coats, seeds of other species, dead insects, fragments, or remains of insects, other impurities of animal origin). Pearl millet grains shall have not more than 1 % extraneous matter of which not more than 0.5 % shall be mineral matter and not more than 0.10 % shall be dead insects, fragments or remains of insects, and/or other impurities of animal origin. 6 Technical Handbook 15

16 Scope Pearl Millet Grain Whole Decorticated Foreign Matter Other Edible Grains Damaged Immature and Shrivelled Weeviled Poisonouse, toxic and/or harmful seeds Quality Requirements General requirements This East African Standard specifies the requirements and methods of sampling and test for whole and decorticated pearl millet of the Senegalese varieties (cultivars) souna and sanio grown from Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. intended for human consumption. Means whole or decorticated grain of the species Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. Means grains of pearl millet obtained after proper threshing. Means grains of pearl millet from which the outer parts have been removed in an appropriate manner using mechanical treatment (for example abrasion). Means organic and inorganic material other than pearl millet, broken kernels, other grains and filth. Foreign matter includes loose pearl millet seed coats. Means edible grains (including oil seeds) other than the one which is under consideration. Means grains that are broken, sprouted or damaged as a result of heat, microbe, moisture or weather. Means grains that are not properly developed. Means grains that are partially or wholly bored by insects injurious to grains but does not include germ eaten grains and egg spotted grains. Means seeds which if present in quantities above permissible limit may have damaging or dangerous effect on health, organoleptic properties or technological performance such as Jimson weed Datura (D. fastuosa Linn and D. stramonium Linn.) corn cokle (Agrostemma githago L., Machai Lallium remulenum Linn.) Akra (Vicia species), Argemone mexicana, Khesari and other seeds that are commonly recognized as harmful to health. Pearl millet shall be: a) the dried mature grains of Pennisetum (glaucum) americanum Linn.; b) hard, clean, wholesome, uniform in size, colour and in sound merchantable condition; c) safe and suitable for human consumption; d) free from abnormal flavours, obnoxious smell and discolouration; e) in form of well-filled seeds of uniform colour; and f) free from micro-organisms and substances originating from micro-organisms or other poisonous or deleterious substances in amounts that may constitute a hazard to human health. Specific Requirements Pearl millet shall be categorised into three grades on the basis of the tolerable limits established in the table above. 16 Technical Handbook

17 East African Community Finger Millet Specification Technical Handbook 17

18 Quality Classification S/N Characteristics Maximum Limits Grade 1 Grade Grade Method of Test i) Foreign Matter*, whole Organic grains, % m/m, max. Inorganic ii) Other Edible Grains, % m/m, max iii) Damaged Grain, % m/m, max 5 iv) Immature and Shrivelled, % m/m, max. 4 4 v) Weeviled Grains, % by count vi) Moisture Content, % m/m, max. 14 ISO 711/71 vii) Crude Protein (on dry matter basis) % m/m, min. 8 ISO 048 viii) Ergot Affected Grains, % m/m, max 0.05 EAS 8 ix) 1000 Kernel Weight, g Whole Millet Grains 5 to 10 Decorticated Millet Grains 4 to 8 ISO 50 x) One Litre Weight, g 750 to 80 ISO /ISO xi) Fat Content, (on dry matter basis) % m/m.5 to 6 ISO 5986 xii) Tannin Content, % m/m, max. 0.5 ISO 9648 xiii) Crude Fibre, % m/m to 4.5 ISO 5498 xiv) Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb 10 xv) Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 ISO xviii) Fumonisin, ppm AOAC *Foreign matter is mineral or organic matter (dust, twigs, seed coats, seeds of other species, dead insects, fragments, or remains of insects, other impurities of animal origin). Pearl millet grains shall have not more than 1 % extraneous matter of which not more than 0.5 % shall be mineral matter and not more than 0.10 % shall be dead insects, fragments or remains of insects, and/or other impurities of animal origin. 18 Technical Handbook

19 All Grades Characteristics Maximum Limits Method of Test Moisture Content, % m/m, max. 14 ISO 711/71 Crude Protein (on dry matter basis) % m/m, min. 8 ISO 048 Ergot Affected Grains, % m/m, max 0.05 EAS Kernel Weight, g Whole Millet Grains 5 to 10 Decorticated Millet Grains 4 to 8 ISO 50 One Litre Weight, g 750 to 80 ISO /ISO Fat Content, (on dry matter basis) % m/m.5 to 6 ISO 5986 Tannin Content, % m/m, max. 0.5 ISO 9648 Crude Fibre, % m/m to 4.5 ISO 5498 Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb 10 ISO Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 Fumonisin, ppm AOAC Technical Handbook 19

20 Grade 1 Grade Grade Key (All Grades): All in % FOREIGN MATTER* ORGANIC DAMAGED GRAIN FOREIGN MATTER* INORGANIC OTHER EDIBLE GRAINS IMMATURE/SHRIVELLED WEEVILED GRAINS * Foreign matter is mineral or organic matter (dust, twigs, seed coats, seeds of other species, dead insects, fragments, or remains of insects, other impurities of animal origin). Pearl millet grains shall have not more than 1 % extraneous matter of which not more than 0.5 % shall be mineral matter and not more than 0.10 % shall be dead insects, fragments or remains of insects, and/or other impurities of animal origin. 0 Technical Handbook

21 Scope This East African Standard specifies the requirements and methods of sampling and test for finger millet grains of varieties (cultivars) grown from Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertner intended for human consumption. Finger Millet Grain Whole Foreign Matter Other Edible Grains Damaged Immature and Shrivelled Weeviled Poisonouse, toxic and/or harmful seeds Food Grade Material Quality Requirements General requirements Means dried grain having the characteristics of the species Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertner. Means grains of finger millet obtained after proper threshing with no mechanical treatment. Means organic and inorganic material other than sorghum, broken kernels, other grains and filth. Foreign matter includes loose sorghum seed coats. Means edible grains (including oil seeds) other than the one which is under consideration. Means grains that are sprouted or internally damaged as a result of heat, microbe, moisture or weather. Means grains that are not properly developed. Means grains that are partially or wholly bored by insects injurious to grains but does not include germ eaten grains and egg spotted grains. Means seeds which if present in quantities above permissible limit may have damaging or dangerous effect on health, organoleptic properties or technological performance such as Jimson weed Datura (D. fastuosa Linn and D. stramonium Linn.) corn cokle (Agrostemma githago L., Machai Lallium remulenum Linn.) Akra (Vicia species), Argemone mexicana, Khesari and other seeds that are commonly recognized as harmful to health. Means packaging material, made of substances which are safe and suitable for their intended use and which will not impart any toxic substance or undesirable odour or flavour to the product. Finger millet shall be: a) the dried mature grains of Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertner; b) hard, clean, wholesome, uniform in size, colour and in sound merchantable condition; c) in form of well-filled seeds of uniform colour; d) safe and suitable for human consumption; e) free from abnormal flavours, obnoxious smell and discolouration; and f) free from micro-organisms and substances originating from micro-organisms or other poisonous or deleterious substances in amounts that may constitute a hazard to human health. Specific Requirements Finger millet shall be graded into three grades on the basis of the tolerable limits established in the table above. Technical Handbook 1

22 East African Community Chickpeas Specification Technical Handbook

23 Quality Classification S/N Characteristics Maximum Limits Grade 1 Grade Grade Method of Test i) Foreign matter, % m/m 1 ii) Inorganic matter, % m/m iii) Broken grains, % m/m 1 iv) Pest damaged grains, % m/m 4 6 v) Rotten and diseased grains, % m/m vi) Discoloured grains, % m/m vii) Immature/shrivelled grains, % m/m 5 8 viii) Filth, % m/m 0.1 ix) Total defective grains, % m/m x) Moisture, % m/m 14 ISO 4557 xi) Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb 10 xii) Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 ISO xiii) Fumonisin ppm AOAC NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. Technical Handbook

24 All Grades Characteristics Discoloured Grains, % m/m Maximum Limits Filth, % m/m 0.1 Method of Test Moisture Contents, % 14 ISO Grade 1 Grade Key (All Grades): All in % 4 FOREIGN MATTER Total Aflatoxin (AFB AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb ISO Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 Fumonisin, ppm AOAC ROTTEN AND DISEASED GRAINS 6 Grade INORGANIC MATTER IMMATURE/SHRIVELLED GRAINS BROKEN GRAINS TOTAL DEFECTIVE GRAINS PEST DAMAGED GRAINS NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains, is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. 4 Technical Handbook

25 Scope This East African Standard specifies requirements and methods of sampling and test for dry chickpeas of the varieties (cultivars) grown from Cicer arietinum Linn. intended for human consumption. Chickpeas Means dry mature seeds of Cicer arietinum L. Contaminated Grain Means grain containing any substance in sufficient quantity that the grain is unfit for consumption by persons or animals or is adulterated within the meaning of the regulations on food safety. Means whole or broken chickpeas that are sprouted, frost damaged, heated, damaged by insects, distinctly Damaged deteriorated or discoloured by weather or by disease, or that are otherwise damaged in a way that seriously affects their quality. Mouldy Means chickpeas with visible mycelial growth on their surface. Shrivelled Means chickpeas which are under-developed and wrinkled over their entire surface excluding wrinkled chickpeas. Split Means broken pieces of peas that are less than three-quarters of the whole seed, and cotyledons that are loosely held together by the seed coat. Other Coloured Means chickpeas, which are of different colour from the dominant variety. Means extraneous matter than dry peas or other food grains comprising of: Foreign Matter a) inorganic matter includes metallic pieces, shale, glass, dust, sand, gravel, stones, dirt, pebbles, lumps or earth, clay, mud and animal filth etc; and b) organic matter consisting of detached seed coats, straws, weeds and other inedible grains etc. Poisonous, toxic and/ or harmful seeds Food Grade Material Means seed which if present in quantities above permissible limit may have damaging or dangerous effect on health, organoleptic properties or technological performance such as Jimson weed dhatura (D. fastuosa Linn and D. stramonium Linn.) corn cokle (Agrostemma githago L., Machai Lallium remulenum Linn.) Akra (Vicia species), Argemone mexicana, Khesari and other seeds that are commonly recognized as harmful to health. Means packaging material, made of substances which are safe and suitable for their intended use and which will not impart any toxic substance or undesirable odour or flavour to the product Quality Requirements Chickpeas shall be: a) the dried mature grains of Cicer arietinum Linn.; b) well-filled, clean, wholesome, uniform in size, and shape; c) free from substances which render them unfit for human or animal consumption or processing into or General requirements utilisation thereof as food or feed; d) free from abnormal flavours, musty, sour or other undesirable odour, obnoxious smell and discolouration; and e) free from micro-organisms and substances originating from micro-organisms, fungi or other poisonous or deleterious substances in amounts that may constitute a hazard to human health. Specific Requirements Chickpeas shall be categorised into three grades on the basis of the tolerable limits established in the table above. Technical Handbook 5

26 East African Community Cowpeas Specification 6 Technical Handbook

27 Quality Classification S/N Characteristics Maximum Limits Grade 1 Grade Grade Method of Test i) Foreign matter, % m/m ii) Inorganic matter, % m/m iii) Broken grains, % m/m 1 iv) Pest damaged grains, % m/m 6 v) Rotten and diseased grains, % m/m vi) Discoloured grains, % m/m 1 1 vii) Immature/shrivelled grains, % m/m 1 viii) Filth, % m/m 0.1 ix) Total defective grains, % m/m 4 5 x) Moisture, % m/m 14 ISO 4557 xi) Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb 10 xii) Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 ISO xiii) Fumonisin ppm AOAC NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. Technical Handbook 7

28 All Grades Characteristics Maximum Limits Method of Test Filth, % m/m 0.1 Moisture Contents, % 14 ISO 4557 Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb 10 Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 ISO Fumonisin, ppm AOAC Grade 1 Grade Key (All Grades): All in % 1 5 FOREIGN MATTER ROTTEN AND DISEASED GRAINS 4 Grade INORGANIC MATTER DISCOLOURED GRAINS BROKEN GRAINS IMMATURE/SHRIVELLED GRAINS PEST DAMAGED GRAINS TOTAL DEFECTIVE GRAINS NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains, is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. 8 Technical Handbook

29 This East African Standard specifies the requirements and methods of sampling and test for dry cowpeas of Scope the varieties (cultivars) grown from Vigna unguiculata Linn.Sync. Vigna sinensis (L.) Hassk. intended for human consumption. Cowpeas Means dry mature seeds of Vigna unguiculata L. Broken Means pieces of cowpeas that are less than three-quarters the size of a whole seed. Damaged Means whole or broken cowpeas that are sprouted, frost damaged, heated, damaged by insects, distinctly deteriorated or discoloured by weather or by disease, or that are otherwise. Shrivelled Means cowpeas which are under-developed and wrinkled over their entire surface excluding wrinkled chickpeas. Split Means broken pieces of cowpeas that are less than three-quarters of the whole seed, and cotyledons that are loosely held together by the seed coat. Means extraneous matter than dry peas or other food grains comprising of: Foreign Matter a) inorganic matter includes metallic pieces, shale, glass, dust, sand, gravel, stones, dirt, pebbles, lumps or earth, clay, mud and animal filth etc; and b) organic matter consisting of detached seed coats, straws, weeds and other inedible grains etc. Poisonous, toxic and/ or harmful seeds Food Grade Material Quality Requirements General requirements Specific Requirements Means seed which if present in quantities above permissible limit may have damaging or dangerous effect on health, organoleptic properties or technological performance such as Jimson weed dhatura (D. fastuosa Linn and D. stramonium Linn.) corn cokle (Agrostemma githago L., Machai Lallium remulenum Linn.) Akra (Vicia species), Argemone mexicana, Khesari and other seeds that are commonly recognized as harmful to health. Means packaging material, made of substances which are safe and suitable for their intended use and which will not impart any toxic substance or undesirable odour or flavour to the product Cowpeas shall be: a) the dried mature grains of Vigna unguiculata Linn; b) well-filled, clean, wholesome, uniform in size, and shape; c) free from substances which render them unfit for human or animal consumption or processing into or utilisation thereof as food or feed; d) free from abnormal flavours, musty, sour or other undesirable odour, obnoxious smell and discolouration; and e) free from micro-organisms and substances originating from micro-organisms, fungi or other poisonous or deleterious substances in amounts that may constitute a hazard to human health. Cowpeas shall be categorised into three grades on the basis of the tolerable limits established in the table above. Technical Handbook 9

30 East African Community Dry Beans Specification 0 Technical Handbook

31 Quality Classification S/N Characteristics Maximum Limits Grade 1 Grade Grade Method of Test i) Foreign matter, % m/m ii) Inorganic matter, % m/m iii) Other Edible Grains, % m/m iv) Pest damaged grains, % m/m 1 v) Heat Damaged Grains, % m/m vi) Contrasting Varieties, % m/m vii) Broken/Split, % m/m 1 viii) Discoloured, % m/m 1 ix) Total defective grains, % m/m x) Filth, % m/m 0.1 xi) Moisture, % m/m 14 ISO 4557 xii) Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb 10 xiii) Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 ISO xiv) Fumonisin ppm AOAC NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. Technical Handbook 1

32 Grade 1 Grade Key (All Grades): All in % 1 All Grades FOREIGN MATTER Characteristics Maximum Limits Discoloured, % m/m 1 Filth, % m/m HEAT DAMAGED GRAINS Method of Test Moisture Contents, % 14 ISO 4557 Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb 10 Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 ISO Fumonisin, ppm AOAC Grade INORGANIC MATTER CONTRASTING VARIETIES OTHER EDIBLE GRAINS BROKEN/SPLIT PEST DAMAGED GRAINS TOTAL DEFECTIVE GRAINS NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains, is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. Technical Handbook

33 Scope Beans Damaged Broken/Chipped/ Loose Coat and Split Caps Clean-cut Weevil-Bored Germinated Mouldy Shrivelled Defective Foreign Matter Splits Food Grade Material This East African Standard specifies requirements and methods of sampling and test for dry common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn.) intended for human consumption. Means dry threshed field and garden beans of the variety Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. Means beans and pieces of beans that are materially damaged or discoloured by frost, weather, disease, weevils or other insects, or other causes so as to materially affect the appearance and quality of the beans. Means beans with some but less than one-fourth of each bean broken off or with one-fourth or more of the seed coat removed. Means parts of the seed coat adhering to split or broken seed. Means beans from which weevils have emerged, leaving a clean-cut open cavity free from larvae, webbing, refuse, mould, or stain. Means beans which have sprouted. Means beans with visible mycelial growth on their surface. Means beans which are under-developed and wrinkled over their entire surface excluding wrinkled beans. Means beans that have been damaged to some degree. Means extraneous matter than dry peas or other food grains comprising of: a) inorganic matter includes metallic pieces, shale, glass, dust, sand, gravel, stones, dirt, pebbles, lumps or earth, clay, mud and animal filth etc; and b) organic matter consisting of detached seed coats, straws, weeds and other inedible grains etc. Means pieces of beans that are not damaged, each of which consists of three-fourths or less of the whole bean, and shall include any sound bean the halves of which are held together loosely. Means packaging material, made of substances which are safe and suitable for their intended use and which will not impart any toxic substance or undesirable odour or flavour to the product. Technical Handbook

34 Quality Requirements General requirements Specific Requirements Dry beans shall be: a) the dried mature seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris Linn; b) well-filled, clean, wholesome, uniform in size, and shape; c) free from substances which render them unfit for human or animal consumption or processing into or utilisation thereof as food or feed; d) free from abnormal flavours, musty, sour or other undesirable odour, obnoxious smell and discolouration; e) free from micro-organisms and substances originating from micro-organisms, fungi or other poisonous or deleterious substances in amounts that may constitute a hazard to human health. Dry beans shall be categorised into three grades on the basis of the tolerable limits established in the table above. 4 Technical Handbook

35 East African Community Dry Pigeon Peas Specification Technical Handbook 5

36 S/N Characteristics Maximum Limits Grade 1 Grade Grade Method of Test i) Foreign matter, % m/m ii) Inorganic matter, % m/m iii) Broken/Split Grains, % m/m 4 iv) Pest damaged grains, % m/m 6 v) Rotten and Diseased Grains, % m/m vi) Discoloured Grains, % m/m 1 1 vii) Immature/Shrivelled Grains, % m/m 1 viii) Filth, % m/m 0.1 ix) Total defective grains, % m/m 5 8 x) Moisture, % m/m 14 ISO 4557 xi) Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb 10 xii) Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 ISO xiii) Fumonisin ppm AOAC NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. 6 Technical Handbook

37 All Grades Characteristics Maximum Limits Method of Test Filth, % m/m 0.1 Moisture Contents, % 14 ISO Grade 1 Grade Key (All Grades): All in % FOREIGN MATTER Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb Aflatoxin B 1, ppb ISO Fumonisin, ppm AOAC ROTTEN AND DISEASED GRAINS Grade INORGANIC MATTER DISCOLOURED GRAINS BROKEN/SPLIT GRAINS IMMATURE/SHRIVELLED GRAINS PEST DAMAGED GRAINS TOTAL DEFECTIVE GRAINS NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains, is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. Technical Handbook 7

38 Scope Pigeon Peas Broken Damaged Foreign Matter Poisonous, toxic and or harmful seeds Split Food Grade Material Quality Requirements General requirements Means dry mature seeds of Cajanus cajan Linn. Means pieces of pigeon peas that are less than three-quarters the size of a whole seed. Means whole or broken pigeon peas that are sprouted, frost damaged, heated, damaged by insects, distinctly deteriorated or discoloured by weather or by disease, or that are otherwise. Means extraneous matter than dry peas or other food grains comprising of: a) inorganic matter includes metallic pieces, shale, glass, dust, sand, gravel, stones, dirt, pebbles, lumps or earth, clay, mud and animal filth etc; and b) organic matter consisting of detached seed coats, straws, weeds and other inedible grains etc. Means seeds which if present in quantities above permissible limit may have damaging or dangerous effect on health, organoleptic properties or technological performance such as Jimson weed datura (D. fastuosa Linn and D. stramonium Linn.) corn cokle (Agrostemma githago L., Machai Lallium remulenum Linn.) Akra (Vicia species), Argemone mexicana, Khesari and other seeds that are commonly recognized as harmful to health. Means broken pieces of pigeon peas that are less than three-quarters of the whole seed, and cotyledons that are loosely held together by the seed coat. Means packaging material, made of substances which are safe and suitable for their intended use and which will not impart any toxic substance or undesirable odour or flavour to the product. Pigeon peas shall be: a) the dried mature grains of Cajanus cajan Linn.; b) well-filled, clean, wholesome, uniform in size, and shape; c) free from substances which render them unfit for human or animal consumption or processing into or utilisation thereof as food or feed; d) free from abnormal flavours, musty, sour or other undesirable odour, obnoxious smell and discolouration; and e) free from micro-organisms and substances originating from micro-organisms, fungi or other poisonous or deleterious substances in amounts that may constitute a hazard to human health. Specific Requirements Pigeon peas shall be categorised into three grades on the basis of the tolerable limits established in the table above. 8 Technical Handbook

39 East African Community Dry Soyabeans Specification Technical Handbook 9

40 S/N Characteristics Maximum Limits Grade 1 Grade Grade Method of Test i) Moisture % m/m 14 ISO 711/ ISO 71 ii) Test Weight, kg/h (g/0.5l) min. 70 (57) 68 (47) 66 (7) iii) Foreign Matter, % m/m 1 iv) Inorganic Matter, % m/m v) Broken/Split Grains, % m/m vi) Pest Damaged Grains, % m/m vii) Rotten and Diseased Grains, % m/m ISO605 viii) Heat Damaged Grains, % m/m ix) Contrasting Colours, % m/m 5 x) Immature/Shrivelled Grains, % m/m xi) Filth, % m/m 0.1 xii) Total Defective Grains, % m/m 5 xiii) Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb 10 xiv) Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 ISO xv) Fumonisin ppm AOAC NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. 40 Technical Handbook

41 Grade 1 Grade Key (All Grades): All in % FOREIGN MATTER 0.1 All Grades Characteristics PEST DAMAGED GRAINS Maximum Limits Method of Test Filth, % m/m 0.1 Moisture Contents, % 14 ISO 711/ ISO 71 Total Aflatoxin (AFB AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb ISO Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 Fumonisin, ppm AOAC Grade CONTRASTING COLOURS INORGANIC MATTER ROTTEN AND DISEASED GRAINS IMMATURE/SHRIVELLED GRAINS BROKEN/SPLIT GRAINS HEAT DAMAGED GRAINS TOTAL DEFECTIVE GRAINS NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains, is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. Technical Handbook 41

42 Scope Soyabeans Damaged/Defective Foreign Matter Immature Poisonous, toxic and or harmful seeds Rancidity Split Food Grade Material This East African Standard specifies the requirements and methods of sampling and test for dry whole soybeans of varieties (cultivars) grown from Glycine max (L.) Merr. intended for human consumption. Means whole mature dry seeds of varieties (Glycine max (L.) Merr). Means soybeans and pieces of soybeans that are badly ground-damaged, badly weather-damaged, diseased, frost-damaged, germ-damaged, heat-damaged, insect-bored, mould-damaged, sprout-damaged, stinkbug-stung, or otherwise materially damaged. Stinkbug-stung kernels are considered damaged kernels at the rate of one-fourth of the actual p Means any extraneous matter than dry soybeans or other food grains comprising of a) inorganic matter includes metallic pieces, shale, glass, dust, sand, gravel, stones, dirt, pebbles, lumps or earth, clay, mud and animal filth etc; b) organic matter consisting of detached seed coats, straws, weeds and other inedible grains etc. Means characterized by a green exterior appearance in conjunction with green discolouration penetrating the cotyledon. Examination of the cotyledons is determined by cutting the soybeans in cross section. For grading purposes, immature damaged soybeans are considered as part of the Total Damage grade specification. Soybeans that are green in appearance and have no discolouration of the cotyledon or just a halo of green around the outside of the cotyledon are to be assessed against the overall colour of the sample. Means seeds which if present in quantities above permissible limit may have damaging or dangerous effect on health, organoleptic properties or technological performance such as Jimson weed datura (D. fastuosa Linn and D. stramonium Linn.) corn cokle (Agrostemma githago L., Machai Lallium remulenum Linn.) Akra (Vicia species), Argemone mexicana, Khesari and other seeds that are commonly recognized as harmful to health. Means characterized by a deep pink discolouration on the seed coat and varying degrees of discolouration of the cotyledon. Means broken soybean seeds that are less than three-quarters of the whole seed, and cotyledons that are loosely held together by the seed coat. Means packaging material, made of substances which are safe and suitable for their intended use and which will not impart any toxic substance or undesirable odour or flavour to the product. 4 Technical Handbook

43 Quality Requirements General requirements Specific Requirements Soybeans shall be: a) grain that consists of 50 % or more of whole or broken soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) that will not pass through an 8/64 round-hole sieve and not more than 10.0 % of other grains for which standards have been established; b) hard, clean, wholesome, uniform in size, shape, colour and in sound merchantable condition; NOTE The colour of soybeans may be yellow, green, brown or black. c) safe and suitable for human consumption; d) free from abnormal flavours, obnoxious smell and discolouration; and e) free from micro-organisms and substances originating from micro-organisms or other poisonous or deleterious substances in amounts that may constitute a hazard to human health. Soyabeans shall be categorized into three grades on the basis of the tolerable limits established in the table above. Technical Handbook 4

44 East African Community Dry Split Peas Specification 44 Technical Handbook

45 S/N Characteristics Maximum Limits Grade 1 Grade Grade Method of Test i) Foreign Matter, % m/m ii) Inorganic Matter, % m/m iii) Whole Grains, % m/m iv) Pest Damaged Grains, % m/m v) Heat Damaged Grains, % m/m vi) Contrasting Grains Grains, % m/m ISO605 vii) White Caps Grains, % m/m viii) Total Defective Grains, % m/m 5 7 ix) Bleached Grains, % m/m x) Filth, % m/m 0.1 xi) Moisture, % m/m 1 ISO 4557 xii) Total Aflatoxin (AFB 1 + AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb 10 xiii) Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 ISO xiv) Fumonisin ppm AOAC NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. Technical Handbook 45

46 0. All Grades Characteristics Maximum Limits Method of Test Filth, % m/m 0.1 Moisture Contents, % 1 ISO Grade 1 Grade Key (All Grades): All in % FOREIGN MATTER 1.5 Total Aflatoxin (AFB AFB +AFG 1 +AFG ), ppb ISO Aflatoxin B 1, ppb 5 Fumonisin, ppm AOAC PEST DAMAGED GRAINS WHITE CAPS GRAINS Grade INORGANIC MATTER HEAT DAMAGED GRAINS TOTAL DEFECTIVE GRAINS WHOLE GRAINS CONTRASTING GRAINS BLEACHED GRAINS NOTE: The parameter, Total defective grains, is not the sum total of the individual defects. It is limited to 70 % of the sum total of individual defects. 46 Technical Handbook

47 Scope Split Peas Bleached Contrasting Damaged Defective Foreign Material Poisonous, toxic and/ or harmful seeds White caps Food Grade Material This East African Standard specifies the requirements and methods of sampling and test for dry split peas of varieties (cultivars) grown from Pisum sativum L. and Pisum sativum var. arvense (L.) Poir. intended for human consumption. Means threshed seeds of the garden type pea plant (Pisum sativum L. and Pisum sativum var. arvense (L.) Poir.), which have been split into halves or smaller pieces. Means green-coloured varieties which are bleached distinctly yellow in colour or split peas of yellow-coloured varieties which are bleached distinctly green in colour. Means split peas which are of a colour contrasting with the predominating class of split peas. NOTE: Bleached split peas of the predominating class should not be considered as contrasting split peas. Means split peas which are distinctly damaged by frost, weather, disease, heat (other than to a material extent), or other causes (except weevil or material heat damage), or are distinctly soiled or stained by nightshade, dirt, or toxic material. Means weevil-damaged split peas, heat-damaged split peas, damaged split peas, contrasting split peas, whole peas, white caps, and bleached split peas. Means any extraneous matter than dry soybeans or other food grains comprising of a) inorganic matter includes metallic pieces, shale, glass, dust, sand, gravel, stones, dirt, pebbles, lumps or earth, clay, mud and animal filth etc; b) organic matter consisting of detached seed coats, straws, weeds and other inedible grains etc. Means seeds which if present in quantities above permissible limit may have damaging or dangerous effect on health, organoleptic properties or technological performance such as Jimson weed datura (D. fastuosa Linn and D. stramonium Linn.) corn cokle (Agrostemma githago L., Machai Lallium remulenum Linn.) Akra (Vicia species), Argemone mexicana, Khesari and other seeds that are commonly recognized as harmful to health. Means split peas with seed coats attached. Means packaging material, made of substances which are safe and suitable for their intended use and which will not impart any toxic substance or undesirable odour or flavour to the product. Technical Handbook 47