Middle Est Journl of Applied Sciences Volume : 07 Issue :01 Jn.-Mr. 2017 Pges: 162-167 Studies on the Impct of Successive Sprys with ertin Insecticides on Whitefly nd Aphids Infesting Roselle Plnts nd its Yield in Aswn Governorte, Egypt El-Zoghy, I. R. M. Plnt Prot. Dept., Fculty of Agric. nd Nturl Resources, Aswn Univ., Aswn, Egypt Received: 12 Ferury 2017 / Accepted: 17 Mrch 2017 / Puliction dte: 20 Mrch 2017 ABSTRAT Insect s infesttion development of Roselle plnts in Aswn governorte, Egypt, during two successive sesons 2015 nd 2016 ws estimted. Mny insecticides were spryed nd evluted the effect of successive sprys with these insecticides on Whitefly, Bemisi tci nd the otton Aphid, Aphis gossypii infesting Roselle plnts nd its productivity ws done, to choose the suitle pesticide tht my e improve plnt protection for etter performnce of Roselle. Significnt decrese noticed in insect s popultion of ll tretments with increse successive sprys. The yield of Roselle seeds ws higher fter the ppliction of the otnicl extrct Azdirchtin nd Nturl oil. The yield of Roselle clyces ws found to e higher with the iopesticide ppliction (Spinetorm) in lef stge only. In the cse of the tretment with insecticides in lef stge nd flower stge, the reduction in insect popultion ws significntly etter s compred to the control, Nturl oil occupied the first ctegory within ll tretments in producing clyces yield. Key words: Roselle, Hiiscus sdriff L., Insects, ontrol, Seeds, lyces, yield Introduction Roselle or sorrel (Hiiscus sdriff L.) is verstile plnt found in lmost ll wrm countries (Ismil et l., 2008). It is ntive of Indi nd Mlysi nd ltter spred to West Africn countries (Lkshmi et l., 1995). The crop is herceous, the leves vry in size nd shpe; the flowers re yellow or red sometimes with drk red centers. The edile clyx is right red, some yellow or rown nd swells to ecome fleshy... Komolfe (1979) oserved tht Podgric species did not only dmge the leves nd flowers ut cused premture flling of the pods. This insect lso trnsmits mosic virus resulting in 20-50% yield reduction (Fjinmi nd Fjinmi, 2006). The insect pest complex of Roselle includes Bemisi tci (Genn.), Aphis gossypii Glover, Eris insuln (Boisd.) nd Emposc spp. (Adel-Moniem nd El-Wh 2006). Roselle is n importnt csh crop nd source of income for smll frmers in Egypt, especilly in Aswn governorte. The totl re of Roselle in Aswn 5749 feddn (5577 & 172) feddn, for new nd old cultivted re, respectively (Ministry of Agriculture nd lnd Reclmtion, 2016). Despite its potentil economic importnce, which Roselle plys vitl role in medicl, in nd domestic spect of life in Aswn, Egypt, no much reserch work hs een conducted on it when viewed in reltion to the mount of work undertken on its closely relted species. Therefore, there is need to crry out more studies to know the pproprite new pproches for controlling the economic pests infesting Roselle (Hiiscus sdriff L.) in order to sve environment from pollution with pesticides nd increse Roselle productivity. Aswn is the mjor town for producing Roselle in Egypt, their product is of superior qulity, relile nd reputle with much stringent qulity control prctices. The hevy use of synthetic insecticides to control rthropod pests in Egypt led to prolems of insect s resistnce to pesticides, nd negtive effects on nontrget orgnisms nd environmentl pollution. These prolems necessitted the ide of developing effective successive sprys, in ddition to the need to understnd the pproprite ppliction of insecticides required to otin the mximum yield. The presented study ws crried out to find out the effect of successive sprys with certin insecticides on some Roselle insect pests nd its productivity in Aswn, Egypt. Another trget ws to orresponding Author: El-Zoghy, I.R.M., Plnt Prot. Dept., Fculty of Agric. nd Nturl Resources, Aswn Univ., Aswn, Egypt. E-mil: ielzoghy77@swu.edu.eg 162
verify the suitle pesticide improved plnt protection for etter performnce of Roselle. Mterils nd Methods Field experimentl lyout: The study ws conducted t Wdi Elnokr Vlley, Aswn, Egypt, during the two growing sesons of 2015 nd 2016. An re of out 610 m 2 ws plnted with Roselle. The lyout ws Rndomized omplete Block Design (RBD) with three replictes. The plot size ws 4 x 4 m with 1 m left etween plots nd 2 m etween locks respectively to void pesticide drift nd inter-plot interference. Roselle seeds (Bldy vriety) were sown with three to four seeds per stnd t depth of 2 cm t 19 th nd 16 th Mrch for 2015 nd 2016 sesons, respectively. Thinning ws done two weeks fter sowing where two plnts were left per stnd nd six crop rows were estlished in ech plot. Weeding ws crried out mnully to ensure clen plots. Appliction of pesticides: Four compounds elonging to different groups of pesticides were pplied t the recommended rtes of ppliction, eing spryed on Roselle plnts to evlute their effectiveness ginst Whitefly, Bemisi tci nd the otton Aphid, Aphis gossypii ttcking them under field conditions. Sprying ws pplied 4 times successively with two weeks intervls erly in the morning y using Knpsck motor spryer (20 liters in cpcity), wheres untreted plots (control) were spryed with wter only. The sme insecticides were spryed on plnts fter two weeks from the end of the fourth spry. ompounds used: 1- ommon nme: Azdirchtin (Botnicl tretments, rude queous extrct of zedrch, Meli zedrch Kernels). Rte of ppliction: 115.5 g of crushed kernels/2 litres of wter Trde nme: Achook 0.15 % E 2- ommon nme: (Nturl oil - Soyen oil). Rte of ppliction: 625 ml/100 liters of wter. Trde nme: Ntur lo oil 93% S omposition: Active Ingredient (Nturl Soyen Oil) 93% (weight/volume). Emulsifle sustnce 7% (weight/volume). hemicl formultion: Mixture of triglyceride nd ftty cids hemicl structure: 3- ommon nme: Minerl oil Rte of ppliction: 1.5 liter/100 liters of wter. Trde nme: Super misron 94 % E omposition: They consist lrgely of liphtic hydrocrons, oth sturted nd unsturted. 4- ommon nme: Spinetorm (Biopesticide) This insecticide is mixture of mjor nd minor components: Mjor component (3'-O-ethoxy-5,6-dihyro spinosyn J) Minor component (3'-O-ethoxy spinosyn L) Rte of Appliction: 35ml/feddn Formultion used: (12% S.) Trde nme: Rdint. 163
hemicl structure: lyces nd seed yield (kg/fed.): Dt of seeds nd clyces were recorded t mturity of the plnt. lyces from the fruits of the selected plots were removed using shrp knives. Those were dried until reched stle weights nd weighed. The re covered y the selected plnts ws used in converting the dt to kilogrm per feddn. Dt collection nd nlysis: Estimtion of the popultion densities of vrious insect species were tken ech two weeks. Bemisi tci dults were recorded on 20 leves in the field efore 6 o clock in the morning pre-sun shine. After tht the sme 20 leves from ech tretment were picked nd put in gs nd trnsferred to the lortory to exmine the numer of infested leves nd lso to record the popultion densities of immture stges of white fly nd ll stges of phids using 10x inoculr stereomicroscope. All dt were nlysed y using ANOVA with three fctors t 0.05 significnce level for the whole results using SPSS (ver. 22). Dt were treted s complete rndomiztion design ccording to Steel et l. (1997). Multiple comprisons were crried out pplying LSD vlues. Results nd Discussion Efficiency of Azdirchtin, Nturl oil, Minerl oil nd Spinetorm on the cotton nd tomto whitefly, Bemisi tci ttcking leves of Roselle plnts. Dt presented in Tle (1) show the effect of the different exmined mterils on the popultion density of the cotton nd tomto whitefly, Bemisi tci infesting Roselle leves. Tretments were le to reduce the numers of this insect found in the treted plots. Tle 1: Effect of the use of different insecticides on the cotton nd tomto whitefly, Bemisi tci ttcking leves of Roselle plnts (2015 & 2016 sesons). Successive sprys Pesticide Averge S1 S2 S3 S4 Azdirchtin 2.66±0.58 A 1.91±0.23 cb 1.45±0.32 B 0.57±0.03 c 1.65±0.29 c Nturl oil 1.87±0.49 ca 1.97±0.25 ca 1.78±0.29 A 1.15±0.15 B 1.69±0.24 c Minerl oil 6.84±0.44 A 5.48±0.52 B 0.51±0.12 c 0.30±0.08 c 3.28±1.19 Spinetorm 0.64±0.43 ca 0.48±0.05 db 0.36±0.22 cb 0.27±0.05 c 0.44±0.13 d ontrol 7.03±0.90 A 7.76±0.42 A 3.79±0.68 B 2.82±0.14 5.35±0.68, & c: There is no significnt difference (P>0.05) etween ny two mens, within the sme column hving the sme superscript letter. A, B & : There is no significnt difference (P>0.05) etween ny two mens for the sme ttriute, within the sme row hving the sme superscript letter. Eight weeks fter sprying, low insect counts were found in treted plots. Also, it could e stted tht the verge numer of immture (nymph) nd dult stges of B. tci ws high 164
significntly ffected y the successive use of different pesticides. No significnt difference ws oserved etween the tretments either Azdirchtin or Nturl oil, (1.65±0.29 nd 1.69±0.24) individuls/inch 2, respectively. Appliction of Spinetorm ws more effective ginst B. tci thn the others, showing the lowest verge of 0.44±0.13 individuls/inch 2. Minerl oil ws the lest efficient one recording the highest verges of B. tci (3.28±1.19) individuls/inch 2. Sttisticl nlysis showed significnt difference etween ll tretments nd untreted one (control), tht record 5.35±0.68 individuls/inch 2, during the two-investigting seson. Significnt decrese in the popultion ws noticed in ll tretments fter the increse in successive sprys. so, ll the tested insecticides recorded high efficcy fter the fourth spry (8 th week). Efficiency of Azdirchtin, Nturl oil, Minerl oil nd Spinetorm on the cotton phid, Aphis gossypii ttcking leves of Roselle plnts. Dt tulted in Tle (2) show the effect of the different exmined mterils on the popultion density of the cotton phid, Aphis gossypii, infesting Roselle leves. All tretments decresed the numer of phids compred with control. Dt lso showed tht the popultion of phids decresed with the use of successive sprys with ll insecticides. No significnt difference ws oserved etween the plnts treted with Azdirchtin nd Spinetorm, Appliction of Azdirchtin proved tht it ws superior in reduction of phid popultion thn other tretments. Minerl oil ws the lest efficient recording the highest verges of A. gossypii (16.09±1.86) individuls/lef. Tle 2: Effect of the use of different insecticides on the cotton phid, Aphis gossypii ttcking leves of Roselle plnts (2015 & 2016 sesons). Successive sprys Pesticide Averge S1 S2 S3 S4 Azdirchtin 4.91±1.18 ca 4.36±0.16 da 3.94±0.50 da 2.91±0.90 ca 4.03±0.50 d Nturl oil 16.36±0.50 A 12.76±2.04 cb 8.63±3.93 c 4.00±0.43 cd 10.44±1.67 c Minerl oil 23.76±2.63 A 18.27±1.03 B 13.58±3.1 8.76±0.81 D 16.09±1.86 Spinetorm 13.94±7.07 A 4.03±4.80 db 1.49±0.62 d 0.76±0.54 c 5.06±4.33 d ontrol 25.97±1.61 A 25.33±2.50 A 19.24±0.49 B 17.97±1.70 B 22.13±2.08, & c: There is no significnt difference (P>0.05) etween ny two mens, within the sme column hving the sme superscript letter. A, B & : There is no significnt difference (P>0.05) etween ny two mens for the sme ttriute, within the sme row hving the sme superscript letter. Seed yield (kg/fed.): The sme trend of the previous insecticides ws recorded fter the second tretment through the flowering stge. Dt in Fig. (1) shows the differences etween verges of seeds yield in kg/fed. fter ppliction of different pesticides nd their sprys numer. The results showed tht yield otined from the plnts treted with insecticides in lef nd flowering stges ws significntly higher thn the single ppliction in lef stge nd untreted one. In this figure the highest verge of seed yield in kg/fed. ws otined with wter extrct of Azdirchtin nd Nturl oil (228.97±11.96 nd 281.99±6.86) & (196.53±7.75 nd 281.18±10.71), followed in descending order y Minerl oil (199.22±9.99 nd 202.50±6.94) nd Spinetorm (189.28±12.37 nd 178.22±8.68) for tretments nd the two stges, respectively (Fig. 1). Sttisticl nlysis of the dt reveled tht performnce of Roselle treted with insecticides to control flower insects ws significntly etter over the two yers s compred to the control, the yield of Roselle seeds ws found to e higher with the ppliction of the otnicl extrct Azdirchtin nd Nturl oil. 165
Lef stge tretment Lef nd flowering stges tretment Seed yield (kg/fedd.) 300.00 200.00 100.00 0.00 A Lef stge tretment 228.97 196.53 199.22 189.28 142.36 Lef nd flowering stges tretment A Azdirchtin Nturl oil Minerl oil Spinetorm ontrol 281.99 281.18 202.5 178.22 141.33 B Tretments B c lyx yield (kg/ Fed.): Fig. 1: Roselle seeds yield losses due to insect s infesttion. Regrding the effect of the different pesticides on clyces yield of Roselle in kg/fed. (s shown in Fig. 2). There re nonsignificnt increses in the yield of clyces fter ll tretments in lef stge only compred with control. In the cse of repeted tretments (lef stge nd flower stge), there ws increse in the yield of clyces fter ll tretments compred with control. Nturl oil come in the first ctegory of ll tretments giving (201.57 Kg.) followed y the tretment with Azdirchtin which gve 136.31 Kg. (Fig. 2). Lef stge tretment Lef nd flowering stges tretment lyces yield (kg/fed.) 300.00 200.00 100.00 0.00 B Lef stge tretment 107.18 104.94 103.74 111.40 89.83 Lef nd flowering stges tretment A Azdirchtin Nturl oil Minerl oil Spinetorm ontrol 136.31 201.57 109.47 118.49 116.93 Tretments Fig. 2: Roselle clyces yield losses due to insect s infesttion. The significnt reduction in the yield of Roselle clyces occurred in untreted plots ws minly ttriuted to direct dmge of the Roselle plnts cused y feeding ctivities of vrious insects. High insect s popultion in the untreted control plots decresed the plnt growth nd ultimtely reduced the flower size, numer nd weight of the seeds. These results gree with Dent (1999), who showed tht Roselle insects re notorious for leves defolition resulting in reduction of photosynthetic ility of the infested plnts which invrily ffect the plnt growth. The otnicl insecticides were not effective during the first two weeks of sprying; delyed effect ws reported to e one of the mjor prolems of otnicl insecticides (Ismn, 2008 nd Opreke, 2006). (Adel- Moniem nd El-Wh 2006), reported tht Fourteen phytophgous insect species nd six insect predtors were recorded. The dominnce percentge of insect pests ws found to e higher thn those of the predtors. The most dominnt pests were the following piercing sucking insects Emposc spp., 166
Mconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), Aphis gossypii Glover, Bemisi tci (Genn.), Oxycrenus hylinipennis (ost) nd Eris insuln (Boisd.). In the sme field Olnirn et l. (2013), they stted tht the plnt extrcts were effective in control of the studied insects compred to untreted plnts (control) ginst Podgric species in cultivted Roselle in Ogomoso, Nigeri. All the otniclly treted plnts cused to clyces yield increse of 2-3 times over the untreted plnts. The results showed tht these plnt extrcts could e used in the mngement of insect pests of Roselle prticulrly in the orgnic frming system. Also, Ismn, (1993) oserved tht the synthetic insecticide (deltmethrin) exhiited higher efficcy compred to otnicl insecticides. This e s result of ctive ingredients of otnicl insecticides eing esily voltilized especilly in the sun, therey leding to their limited efficcies (Wre, 2000). References Adel-Moniem, A. nd T.E.A. El-Wh, 2006. Insect pests nd predtors inhiting Roselle plnts, Hiiscus sdriff L., medicinl plnt in Egypt. Archives of Phytopthology nd Plnt Protection, 39: 25-32. Dent, D., 1999. Insect Pest Mngement. ABI Pulishing: Wllingford, UK..pp 432. Fjinmi, A.A. nd O.B. Fjinmi, 2006. Incidence of okr mosic virus t different growth stges of okr plnts (Aelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) under tropicl condition. Journl of Generl nd Moleculr Virology, 2: 028-031. Ismil, A., E.H.K. Ikrm nd H.S.M. Nzri, 2008. Roselle (Hiiscus sdriff L.) Seeds GÇô Nutritionl omposition, Protein Qulity nd Helth Benefits. Food, 2(1)1-16. Ismn, M.B., 1993. Growth inhiitory nd ntifeednt effects of Azrdircthin on six noctuids of regionl economic importnce. Pesticide Science, 38: 57-63. Ismn, M.B., 2008. Botnicl insecticides: for richer, for poorer. Pest mngement science, 64: 8-11. Komolfe, M.F., 1979. Agriculturl Sciences for most West Afric Schools nd olleges. University of Idn press Ltd: Idn, Nigeri. Lkshmi, M.B., M. V. Nidu, D.S. Reedy nd.v. Reddy, 1995. Effect of sowing nd topping on seed yield of Roselle. Indin Journl of Agronomy 40(4): 682-685. Ministry of Agriculture nd lnd Reclmtion, 2016. Study of importnt indictors of Agriculturl sttistics. Olnirn, O.A., F.O. Alo nd T.A. Adeyo, 2013. ontrol of folige pests of Roselle (Hiiscus sdrif L.) using plnt extrcts of Tephrosi vogelii nd Azrdircth indic in Ogomos, Nigeri. Trnsntionl Journl of Science nd Technology, 3(6): 1857-8047 Opreke, A.M., 2006. The potentil for controlling Mruc vitrt F. nd lvigrll tomentosicollis Stl. using different concentrtions nd sprying schedules of Syzigium romticum (L.) Merr nd Perr on cowpe plnts. Journl of Plnt Sciences, 1: 132-137. Steel, R., J. Torrie nd D. Dickey, 1997. Principles nd procedures of Sttistics: A Biometricl Approch, 3 rd ed., McGrw-Hill, New York, NY. Wre, G.W., 2000. The Pesticide Book. Thomson Pulictions, Fresno, liforni. pp 386. 167