Citrus is an economically important crop in
|
|
- Melina Henderson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Pkistn J. Zool., vol. 45(6), pp , Color Preference, Distribution nd Dmge of Thrips Associted with Lemon nd Ornge in Adn, Turkey Nime Z. Elekcioğlu* Biologicl Control Reserch Sttion, 01321, Yüreğir, Adn, Turkey Abstrct.- Yellow, white nd blue sticky trps were tested in lemon nd ornge orchrds for their ttrctiveness to thrips in Adn during Trps were djusted verticlly fcing to south t height of m of trees. Species composition nd distribution of thrips in the orchrds were investigted by collecting 125 flowers from different directions of the trees. Thrips dmge ssocited with citrus crops ws determined by observing 1000 fruits for scrs. Blue ws the most ttrctive to thrips in both lemon nd ornge orchrds nd cn be used to estimte the popultion density nd for properly timing control pplictions. Fifteen thrips species nd unidentified individuls belonging to 3 gener were determined in these orchrds. Frnkliniell occidentlis ws the most cptured thrips species ccounting for 82.0% of the totl individuls smpled in both yers. Crdinl direction of flowers did not significntly ffect the numbers of thrips. Fruit dmge for both yers rnged between 3.8% nd 9.1% depending on the citrus vrieties. Lemon ws ttcked by thrips more thn ornge. Key words: Crdinl direction, citrus, sticky trp, fruit dmge, Frnkliniell occidentlis, Pezothrips kellynus, Thysnopter. INTRODUCTION Citrus is n economiclly importnt crop in the est Mediterrnen region of Turkey where 89% of the country s citrus is produced (Anonymous, 2008). The citrus growing re hs considerbly incresed within lst yers. Prllel to the significnt increse of the citrus growing re, not only hve there been introductions of exotic pests, but indigenous pest popultions hve incresed. Numerous surveys in citrus orchrds in Turkey reveled tht thrips re one of the pests tht cuse dmge (Yiğit et l., 1991; Tunç, 1992; Tekşm nd Tunç, 2007). On fruit, the citrus thrips punctures epiderml cells, leving scbby, gryish or silvery scrs on the rind. This dmge, lthough entirely cosmetic, my result in reduced qulity rting nd/or if severe my render the fruit unsuitble for fresh mrket. Over the pst few yers, growers hve filed to control thrips with insecticides. Reducing thrips densities to low levels by vrious control methods is considered of vitl importnce. The use of colored sticky trps for ctching thrips could contribute considerbly to IPM progrms in citrus. Sticky trps my potentilly be rpid, cost- * Corresponding uthor: nelekcioglu@yhoo.com /2013/ $ 8.00/0 Copyright 2013 Zoologicl Society of Pkistn effective tool nd provide simple method of obtining reltive estimtes of thrips popultion densities with little effort. The objective of this work ws to ddress the incresing cses of complints linked to thrips dmge in citrus. This informtion in conjunction with observtions on dmge cn then be used to determine the reltive importnce of different thrips species. The sttus of Pezothrips kellynus, serious pest of citrus in mny countries including those in EPPO region (EPPO, 2005) nd Frnkliniell occidentlis were clrified. Thrips composition, the best trp color for smpling, estimting popultions nd erly detection, citrus species nd crdinl direction prefers for the pest thrips were evluted. Scrred fruit rtio ws lso determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study site The study ws conducted in two different citrus orchrds t the Çukurov University Reserch Frm in Blclı (Adn) in 2006 nd The first one ws lemon orchrd with the vriety of Kütdiken (2.5 h, in rows 8 m nd between rows 10 m) estblished in 1966, nd the second ws Wshington nvel ornge orchrd (2.0 h, in rows 7 m nd between rows 8 m) estblished in Lemon nd nvel ornge orchrds were chosen for
2 1706 N. Z. ELEKCİOĞLU experimentl sites becuse of their preference s host for P. kellynus (Blnk nd Gill, 1997; Bker et l., 2001; Conti et l., 2001; Vssiliou, 2007). Both orchrds were under integrted pest mngement nd during the course of the work no pesticides were pplied for ny pest control. Color nd citrus vriety preferences Commercilly vilble double-sided sticky crds (Kpr Orgnic Agriculture Limited Compny, Ankr, Turkey) of three different colors were tested for ttrctiveness to thrips. The colors were yellow (wvelength of 570nm), white (wvelength of 430nm) nd blue (wvelength of 480nm). All sticky trps were 470 cm² (23.5 high x 20 wide) nd djusted verticlly in the trees before flowering t height of m (Beviers et l., 1971; Childers nd Brecht, 1996) on the outside of the cnopy fcing to south t the south-west direction of the trees. The experiments were estblished in block design; 4 trees were left between the sme colored trps (in rows) nd 5 trees between the different colored trps (between rows) nd conducted with 5 replictes for ech trp color. Weekly, trps were removed nd chnged with the clen ones nd returned to the lbortory. Both sides of ech trp were counted nd the number of thrips ws recorded for ech trp color nd for ech citrus vriety using stereomicroscope without looking t its species. Thrips composition, bundnce nd distribution Smpling ws concentrted during the flowering period. For the identifiction of the thrips species, t ech smpling dte, rndomly 125 flowers from different directions (4 crdinl directions nd inside-25 from ech) of the trees were collected from the orchrds, put into polyethylene bgs contining pper sheets to bsorb excess moisture, trnsported in ice-boxes to the lbortory. Smples were stored in deep-freezer for one or two hours to inctive the thrips, then were tpped vigorously on white pper. Therefter, flower prts were crefully checked nd thrips remining on flower prts were collected by brush. Thrips were stored in glss vils contining mixture of 9 prts 60% ethyl lcohol with 1 prt glcil cetic cid. Adults were identified to species nd sex. The number of thrips per flower nd the nturl enemies were lso noted during the exmintion of the flowers. Dmge ssessment This study ws conducted when the dimeter of the fruits ws ~4-5 cm (in August) (Flint, 1991). In ech orchrd, 100 trees were rndomly selected nd 10 fruits from ech tree (for totl of 1000 fruits/orchrd) were scrutinized to rte for the injury cused by thrips. Fruits weren t picked but observed on the tree by hnd lens. Rting for injury wsn t conducted by using scle. Any fruit deformed by thrips nd with scrring on the rind lrger thn 0.2 inch ws ccepted s dmged. By this study, dmge level percentge for ech citrus vriety ws determined. Dt nlysis Anlyses were conducted to determine: 1) if thrips in citrus exhibited significnt preferences for specific trp colors, 2) whether citrus vriety preference for thrips vried cross the trils, 3) if the crdinl direction of flowers influenced thrips popultion, 4) if there ws reltion between thrips density in flowers nd fruit dmge. Sttisticl nlysis ws done by using thrips densities obtined during study (9 weeks). The effect of yer, citrus vriety, trp color nd direction on the popultion density of thrips ws nlyzed by Generl Liner Model (GLM) - Repeted Mesure Test (RM ANOVA) sttisticl nlysis followed by multiple Bonferroni s comprison test to compre the number of thrips. The dt were subjected to nlysis of vrince nd mens were seprted by Tukey s honestly significnt difference (HSD) test t P<0.05. A correltion nlysis ws pplied to determine the reltion between thrips dult nd lrve density in citrus flowers nd fruit dmge (%) (P<0.05). All nlyses were performed using the Microsoft sttistics progrm SPSS (SPSS, 2007). RESULTS Color nd citrus species preferences In lemon, totl of 5870 thrips were counted from blue trps compred with 3349 thrips nd 2288
3 ASSOCIATION OF THRIPS WITH LEMON AND ORANGE 1707 thrips from white nd yellow trps, respectively while in ornge 3120, 2569 nd 1509 thrips from blue, white nd yellow trps were counted, respectively in In 2007, totl of thrips were counted from blue trps compred with 7200 thrips nd 1547 thrips from white nd yellow trps, respectively while in ornge 2174, 1830 nd 1107 thrips from blue, white nd yellow trps were counted. Tble I.- Results of repeted mesures nlysis of vrince for the effects of smpling week, yer, citrus vriety, trp color nd their interctions on the men number of thrips. Source Df MS F P Within subject effects Week Week x yer Week x vriety Week x trp color Week x yer x vriety Week x yer x trp color Week x yer x vriety x trp color Error (week) the beginning nd end of the flowering period, both in 2006 nd There were significnt differences in density of thrips mong trp colors (F=24.258, df=2, 48, P=0.028), citrus vrieties (F=41.449, df=1, 48, P=0.018) nd between yers (F= , df=1, 48, P=0.031) (Tble I). The two citrus vrieties differed in the men proportion of thrips (Fig. 1). In totl, in lemon during the flowering period, the mximum trp ctch ws t blue trps with men of 130 nd 353 individuls/week per trp color in 2006 nd 2007, respectively. The dt indicted tht during the study, sttisticlly more thrips were cptured in the trps hung on lemon trees with the exception of yellow trps in Between-subjects effects Intercept Yer Vriety Trp color Yer x vriety Yer x trp color Vriety x trp color Yer x vriety x trp color Error There were significnt effects of yer (F=14.186, df=8, 384, P<0.001), vriety (F=6.694, df=8, 384, P<0.001), trp color (F=5.098, df=16, 384, P<0.001), yer x vriety (F=8.647, df=8, 384, P<0.001), yer x trp color (F=7.495, df=16, 384, P<0.001), vriety x trp color (F=3.738, df=16, 384, P<0.001) nd yer x vriety x trp color (F=3.841, df=16, 384, P<0.001) on densities of thrips within the smpling weeks (Tble I). More thrips were cptured on blue sticky trps, while yellow trps were the lest ttrctive in both yers. Men number of thrips ws significntly higher on blue sticky trps between the mid of April till the first prt of My in 2006 nd between the third week of April till the end of My in 2007 (P 0.001) (Tble II). The popultion of thrips ws considerbly lower t Fig. 1. Men proportion (± SE) of thrips cught/week on different colored sticky trps hung on lemon nd ornge trees in Blclı (Adn) in 2006 nd Mens with different letters re significntly different t the 0.05 level within citrus vrieties. Thrips composition, bundnce nd distribution A totl of 1106 thrips specimens from 38
4 1708 N. Z. ELEKCİOĞLU smples were exmined during Fifteen thrips species nd individuls belonging to 3 gener from Thripide nd Phleothripide fmilies were found in these orchrds (Tble III). All mjor species were from the fmily Thripide; representtives of Aeolothripide nd Phleothripide were reltively less common. The most notble species, present in t lest 20% of smples, were in descending order F. occidentlis, T. tbci, P. kellynus nd T. mjor. F. occidentlis ws the predominnt species being found in 100% of the smples, constituting 82.0% of the specimens recovered in 2006 nd The second mjor species, T. tbci ws present in 44.7% of the smples nd constituted 9.6% of the specimens collected. P. kellynus hd no significnce in citrus s it ws detected only in 3.6% nd 2.9% of the totl in 2006 nd 2007, respectively. Thrips ngusciseps, Limothrips cerlium nd Rhipidothrips sp., Aelothrips gloriosus nd Hplothrips distinguendus were found with very low numbers only on lemon, wheres F. intons, A. intermedius, H. bolcophilus were found only on ornge. The mjor thrips species F. occidentlis, T. tbci, T. mjor nd P. kellynus were recorded on both citrus species investigted. Thrips meridionlis nd Melnothrips sp. were lso detected on both citrus species, but in lower numbers (Tble III). Crdinl direction where the flowers were did not hve significnt effect on men number of thrips cught. Although thrips popultion ws higher t the south prt nd lower in the inner prt of the trees for both citrus vrieties, they were t the sme sttisticl group (Fig. 2). The verge number of thrips per flower in lemon in 2006 ws 8.54 thrips/flower wheres in ornge it ws 7.06 thrips/flower. In 2007, it ws nd 9.88 thrips/flower in lemon nd in ornge, respectively (Tble IV). Direction did not hve significnt effect on men number of thrips mong citrus vrieties (F=0.038, df=1, 88, P=0.846 in 2006 nd F=0.556, df=1, 98, P=0.458 in 2007) nd mong yers (F=0.430, df=1, 93, P=0.514 in lemon nd F=1.399, df=1, 93, P=0.240 in ornge). For both yers, long with the thrips, nthocorid bugs (Orius spp.) (Heteropter), Chrysoperl crne Steph. (Neuropter: Chrysopide) nd predtory mites, Cunx sp.
5 ASSOCIATION OF THRIPS WITH LEMON AND ORANGE 1709
6 1710 N. Z. ELEKCİOĞLU (Cunxide), Prseiulus tlbii (Athis-Henriot), P. soleiger (Ribg), Euseius scutlis (Athis-Henriot), nd Typhlodromus occidentlis (Nesbitt) (Acrin: Phytoseiide) were detected in the orchrds. men number cught men number cught Tble IV.- Yer 2006 Est West South North Middle 2007 Direction Lemon Ornge Est West South North Middle Direction Fig. 2. Men number (± SE) of thrips collected on flowers from different directions. Mens with different letters re significntly different t the 0.05 level within different citrus vrieties. Lemon Ornge Correltion between verge number of thrips (lrve+dult) per flower nd dmge rtes in the orchrds exmined in 2006 nd Averge number of thrips/flower (lrve+dult) Scrred fruit (%) (min.-mx.) Lemon Ornge Lemon Ornge ± ± ± ± Dmge ssessment Scrs cused by thrips on citrus fruits re ring shped round stem end of the fruit nd sometimes my extend downwrds long the sides of the fruit which occurs during the flowering period (Broughton nd De Lim, 2002). This dmge is directly relted to the thrips numbers in flowers. Lemon orchrd, which hd the higher numbers of thrips in flower buds, hd the higher mount of dmged fruit. The scrred fruits rnged between % in lemon nd % in ornge in 2006, while in 2007 it rnged between % in lemon nd % in ornge (Tble IV). DISCUSSION No insecticides were recommended for thrips in Turkey. Frmers hve complined of some scrring on fruit tht looks like thrips dmges in recent yers. In the present study, thrips popultions hve been monitored nd smpled using colored sticky trps. Blue ws the most ttrctive to thrips in both lemon nd ornge orchrds in 2006 nd In the literture the most ttrctive color ws not lwys this color. Generlly, blue nd white hve been considered s the preferred or the most preferred colors for severl species of thrips in citrus (Childers nd Brecht, 1996) nd under field conditions (Moffitt, 1964; Yudin et l., 1987; Chu et l., 2000). In some studies similr to ours, blue hs been identified s the preferred color for trpping thrips in the greenhouse which ws consistent with previous findings (Brødsgrd, 1989; Gillespie nd Vernon, 1990; Terry, 1997). Chen et l. (2004) nd Roditkis et l. (2001) indicted tht more F. occidentlis were ttrcted to blue sticky crd trps compred with yellow or white sticky crd trps in the greenhouse. In survey in estern Sicily, P. kellynus ws the min thrips species nd white sticky trps were the most ttrctive for dult thrips, followed by blue trps in citrus (Conti et l., 2001). In some studies, different from ours, yellow hs been identified s the preferred color (Moreno et l., 1984; Smwys, 1986; Blumthl et l., 2005). In this study, lemon ppered to be the preferred citrus species. Dt on thrips bundnce in reltion to different citrus species is lcking. The highest host indices for F. occidentlis, P. kellynus nd T. mjor were clculted in mndrin, lemon nd grpefruit, respectively, in Antly (west Mediterrnen region) (Tekşm nd Tunç, 2009).
7 ASSOCIATION OF THRIPS WITH LEMON AND ORANGE 1711 Lemon ws mong the preferred host of P. kellynus in New Zelnd (Blnk nd Gill, 1997), in Sicily (Conti et l., 2001) lso in Cyprus (Vssiliou, 2007), but besides lemon, nvel, Vlenci ornges nd grpefruit were lso the most ffected vrieties (Bker et l., 2001). Morse (2006) determined tht thrips were significnt problem, especilly on nvel ornges in Cliforni. The thrips fun on citrus vries between prts of the world. The species found in the study sites re similr to those in other Mediterrnen countries. F. occidentlis, T. tbci, P. kellynus, T. mjor nd T. meridionlis re mong species commonly encountered on Mediterrnen citrus (Conti et l., 2003; Kersting et l., 2005; Cost et l., 2006). F. occidentlis infested ll of the smpled trees in the present study. It is the mjor thrips species in the orchrds possibly becuse of the flowering weeds (generlly Sinpis rvensis L.), round nd sometimes inside the orchrds. It is thought tht F. occidentlis popultions incresed on these lterntive hosts nd pssed to citrus in spring. Destroying the weeds by using different mngement tctics before the blooming stge of citrus seems to be crucil. Ns et l., (2007) determined 8 thrips species in est Mediterrnen region where F. occidentlis ws the most previled species constituting 35.0% of the totl thrips. Although their study comprised the whole estern Mediterrnen region, it seems tht within few yers F. occidentlis incresed its popultion nd reched n bundnce of 82.0% of ll species. T. tbci ws the second prevlent species. It is the pest of field crops nd vegetbles (Tunç, 1998) nd, however, rrely considered s pest of citrus. It ws reported to infest the flowers nd fruits of Stsum mndrin (Citrus unshiu Mrc.) but not cuse ny dmge in the orchrd conditions, however, dmging fruits grown in the greenhouse (Tsuchiy, 2002). T. mjor ws found in 28.9% of the smples constituting 2.4% of the specimens recovered in Adn, wheres in Antly, it ws the predominnt thrips species, constituting 51.1% of the specimens collected (Tekşm nd Tunç, 2009). There is not enough dt on T. mjor to determine if it is pest of citrus or not. The only existing record of T. mjor s pest of citrus is from North Afric where its feeding on flowers nd newly formed fruits ws reported to cuse scrs on the rind (Bournier, 1963). P. kellynus ws less frequent nd bundnt thn those three thrips species mentioned bove in the orchrds, but it ws the only species mongst those recorded here tht is known to feed on very young citrus fruits. Sicily ws the first loclity in Mediterrnen bsin where it ws reported s pest of citrus, currently is key pest of citrus there (Mrullo, 1998). Currently P. kellynus is recorded in Greece, Spin, Itly, Isrel nd Portugl (zurstrssen, 2003). In Turkey it ws recorded for the first time in 1995 in İzmir province (zurstrssen, 1996) nd lter in Hty nd Antly provinces fter 2000 s (Ns et l., 2007; Tekşm nd Tunç, 2007). The reson why this thrips species did not cuse significnt fruit dmges in Turkey before s in some countries is not known. Further studies must be done to identify the effect of climte, nturl enemies, hosts, inter specific reltions, fun, flor etc. Lemon ws mong the preferred host of P. kellynus in Antly province (Tekşm nd Tunç, 2009), s in this study. Becuse of its current low bundnce, it is thought tht P. kellynus hs no significnce for citrus yet nd does not pose ny thret in its present sttus. But the experiences in other countries nd the increse in its re of invsion in recent yers might men P. kellynus will need to be controlled. The thrips species from citrus flowers listed in Tble III re not generlly regrded s citrus pests, nd there re very few reports of ny of these species dmging this crop. The only thrips tht dmge citrus fruit re those tht feed on the developing fruits, just s, or soon fter, the petls fll, not those tht feed only on pollen nd florl tissues. Crdinl direction of the flowers did not hve significnt effect on thrips number. It is thought tht, southerly previling wind t the region did not influence the ptterns of eril dispersl. Lewis (1997) indicted tht thrips flying ctivity nd directionlity of flight is strongly influenced by tmospheric conditions, nd some species fly under conditions when flight cn be controlled. Abundnce of thrips on citrus flowers in Adn is pprently lower thn other citrus growing res of the world where thrips re pest. Blnk nd Gill (1997), reported up to 50 P. kellynus nd 56 T.
8 1712 N. Z. ELEKCİOĞLU obscurtus (Crwford) in New Zelnd. In Florid, Childers nd Nkhr (2006) counted up to 200 F. bisbinos (Morgn) per citrus flower. The level of fruit dmge ppered to be relted with thrips numbers in flower buds (Tble IV). Correltion nlysis indicted tht there ws significnt reltionship between dult nd lrve density in flowers nd fruit dmge (r 2 =0.913, P=0.045 in 2006; r 2 =0.978, P=0.011 in 2007). With regrd to this finding, it cn be sid tht the number of thrips in flower buds during bloom could be suitble predictive method for estimting finl fruit dmge due to positive nd good reltion between ech other. There re not much dt vilble in Turkey regrding the proportion of citrus fruit with scrs tht might be linked to thrips dmge compred to other cuses of blemished ones. It should be noted tht even the consistent occurrence of given thrips species on given citrus species does not necessrily men tht thrips breeds on it. The proportion of citrus fruit with injuries ttributble to thrips in the present study ws lower thn 10% in both vrieties. Lemon ws more highly scrred thn ornge. It is thought tht P. kellynus is ttributble to these scrs. In ll the smples femles were higher in number thn mles, since femles re more responsible for fruit dmge due to both feeding nd oviposition injuries (Higgins nd Myers, 1992; Childers, 1997; Ullh et l., 2010). Tekşm nd Tunç (2007) reported % fruits with scrs for different citrus vrieties in Antly province. The scrred fruit rtio ttributble only to P. kellynus is higher in some other countries. P. kellynus led to scrred fruit t levels of 20-40% in New Zelnd (Blnk nd Gill, 1997), Austrli (Bker et l., 2001), Sicily (Conti et l., 2001) nd Cyprus (Vssiliou, 2007). Mny rthropods re known to be predtors of thrips. In this study, the predtors were very low in number in both orchrds. Among the nturl enemies detected, the generlist predtor Orius spp. is hopeful. Orius spp. cn prey on ll different stges of thrips (Tommsini, 2003). Euseius scutlis nd the members of genus Cunx (Arneid) reduce the popultion of F. occidentlis nd citrus thrips (Milne, 1977; Kostiinen nd Hoy, 1996). It is thought tht their effect on the pest ws not so importnt but for future nturl biologicl control, the existence of these nturl enemies is grtifying. In conclusion, effective popultion monitoring is crucil for successfully implementing insect control progrms. Erly detection of the thrips in the orchrd nd more relible estimtion of their popultion density nd effective reduction of their popultion prticulrly in erly crop growth stges, could result in much lower density on the crop lter in the seson nd is considered to be one of the best tctics for successful integrted control. Blue sticky trps cn be used s n erly wrning method for detecting increses in eril numbers of thrips in citrus, nd cpture rtes cn be used to initite control mesures to prevent economic crop dmge nd reduce unnecessry pplictions of insecticides. Investigtions re required to determine the pest sttus of the most common nd bundnt species F. occidentlis. The bundnce of P. kellynus is low in citrus in Adn compred to countries where it is considered citrus pest, but despite its low bundnce the presence of P. kellynus itself in Adn deserves ttention s the experience in other countries suggests. However further investigtions re needed to scertin the effects of thrips on citrus yield nd the role of Orius spp. nd phytoseiids in biologicl control of citrus thrips. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The uthor thnks Dr. İrfn Tunç (University of Akdeniz, Deprtment of Plnt Protection, 07058, Antly/Turkey) for identifiction of thrips. REFERENCES ANONYMOUS, Turkish Sttistics Institute, Sttistics of Plnt Production, Ankr, BAKER, G., KELLER, M., MACGREGOR, A., JACKMANN, D. AND PURVIS, S., Development of n integrted pest mngement system for thrips in citrus. port97_00.htm:sectid_960&tempid_1 BEAVIERS, J.B., SHAW, J.G. AND HAMPTON, R.B., Color nd height preference of the citrus thrips in nvel ornge orchrd. J. econ. Ent., 64: BLANK, R.H. AND GILL, G.S.C., Thrips (Thysnopter: Tenebrentin) on flowers nd fruit on citrus in New Zelnd. N.Z. J. Crop Hort., 25: BLUMTHAL, M., CLOYD, R.A., SPOMER, L.A. AND WARNOCK, D.F., Flower color preference of
9 ASSOCIATION OF THRIPS WITH LEMON AND ORANGE 1713 Western flower thrips. Horttechonology, 15 (4): BRØDSGAARD, H.F., Colored sticky trps for Frnkliniell occidentlis (Pergnde) (Thysnopter: Thripide) in glsshouses. J. ppl. Ent., 107: BROUGHTON, S. AND DE LIMA, F., Monitoring nd control of thrips in citrus. Frmnote. BOURNIER, A., Un nouveu déprédteur des grumes en Afrique du Nord Thrips mjor Uzel. Rev. Pthol. Veget. Ent. Agric., 42: CHEN, T.Y., CHU, C.C., FITZGERALD, G., NATWICK, E.T. AND HENNEBERRY, T.J., Trp evlutions for thrips (Thysnopter: Thripide) nd hoverflies (Dipter: Syrphide). J. environ. Ent., 33: CHILDERS, C.C. AND BRECHT, J.K., Colored sticky trps for monitoring Frnkliniell bispinos (Morgn) (Thysnopter: Thripide) during flowering cycle in citrus. J. econ Ent., 89: CHILDERS, C.C., Feeding nd oviposition injuries to plnts. In: Thrips s crop pest (ed. T. Lewis), CAB Int. pp CHILDERS, C.C. AND NAKAHARA, S., Thysnopter (thrips) within citrus orchrds in Florid: species distribution, reltive nd sesonl bundnce within trees nd on vines nd ground cover plnts. J. Insect Sci., 6: CHU, C.C., PINTER, P.J., HENNEBERRY, JR. T.J., UMEDA, K., NATWICK, E.T., WEI Y-A., REDDY, V.R. AND SHREPATIS, M., Use of CC trps with different trp bse colors for silver lef whiteflies (Homopter: Aleyrodide), thrips (Thysnopter: Thripide), nd lefhoppers (Homopter: Cicdellide). J. econ. Ent., 93: CONTI, F., TUMMINELLI, R., AMICO, C., FISICARO, R., RACITI, E., FRITTITTA, C., PERROTTA, G. AND MARULLO, R., Monitoring Pezothrips kellynus on citrus in Estern Sicily. Proc. 7th Int. Sym. Thysnopter, Reggio Clbri, Itly, pp CONTI, F., TUMMINELLI, R., FISICARO, R., PERROTTA, G., MARULLO, R. AND LIOTTA, G., An IPM system for new citrus thrips in Itly. IOBC wprs Bull., 26: COSTA, L., MATEUS, C., ZURSTRASSEN, R. AND FRANCO, J.C., Thrips (Thysnopter) ssocited to lemon orchrds in the Oeste region of Portugl. IOBC wprs Bull., 29 (3): EPPO, Pezothrips kellynus (Thysnopter: Thripide), Kelly's citrus thrips. /pezothrips.htm FLINT, M.L., Integrted pest mngement for citrus. 2nd Ed. 3303, University of Cliforni, 144 p. GILLESPIE, D.R. AND VERNON, R.S., Trp ctch of Western flower thrips (Thysnopter: Thripide) s ffected by color nd height of sticky trps in mture greenhouse cucumber crops. J. econ. Ent., 83: HIGGINS, C.J. AND MYERS, J.H., Sex rtio ptterns nd popultion dynmics of Western flower thrips (Thysnopter: Thripide). J. environ. Ent., 21: KERSTING, U., ÖZDEN, Ö., BLAESER, P. AND ŞENGONCA, C., Contributions towrds the knowledge of the Thysnopter fun of North Cyprus. Deut. Ent. Z., 115: KOSTIAINEN, T. AND HOY, M.A., The phytoseiide s biologicl control gents of pest mites nd insects: A bibliogrphy. Monogrph 17. University of Florid, Agriculturl Experiment Sttion, Institute of Food nd Agriculturl Sciences, USA. LEWIS, T., Flight nd dispersl. In: Thrips s crop pests (ed. T. Lewis), CAB Int. Cmbridge, pp MARULLO, R., Pezothrips kellynus, un nuovo tripide prssit delle colture meridionli. Inform. Fitoptol., 48: MILNE, D.L., Biologicl control of citrus thrips, Scirtothrips urntii: Wht re the prospects? Citrus. Subtrop. Fruit J., 528:14. MOFFITT, H.R., A color preference of the Western flower thrips, Frnkliniell occidentlis. J. econ. Ent., 57: MORENO, D.S., GREGORY, W.A. AND TANIGOSHI, L.K., Flight response of Aphytis melinus (Hymenopter: Aphelinide) nd Scirtothrips citri (Thysnopter: Thripide) to trp color, size, nd shpe. Environ. Ent., 13: MORSE, J.G., Mngement of citrus thrips. Citrus Reserch Bord, 2006 Annul Report, NAS, S., ATAKAN, E. AND ELEKÇİOĞLU, N., Thysnopter species infesting the citrus in estern Mediterrnen region of Turkey. Turk. J. Ent., 31: RODITAKIS, N.E., LYKOURESSIS, D.P. AND GOLFINOPOULOU, N.G., Color preference, sticky trp ctches nd distribution of Western flower thrips in greenhouse cucumber, sweet pepper nd eggplnt crops. Southw.. Ent., 26: SAMWAYS, M.J., Sptil distribution of Scirtothrips urntii Fure (Thysnopter: Thripide) nd threshold level for one per cent dmge on citrus fruit bsed on trpping with fluorescent yellow sticky trps. B. Ent. Res., 76: SPSS, SPSS bse 15.0 user s guide. Prentice Hll, Chicgo, IL, USA. TEKŞAM, İ. AND TUNÇ, İ., Citrus thrips in Antly: Species composition in Proc. 2nd Plnt Prot. Congr. Turkey, August 2007, Isprt, p. 74. TEKŞAM, İ. AND TUNÇ, İ., An nlysis of
10 1714 N. Z. ELEKCİOĞLU Thysnopter ssocited with citrus flowers in Antly, Turkey: Composition, distribution, bundnce nd pest sttus of species. Appl. Ent. Zool., 44: TERRY, L.I., Host selection, communiction nd reproductive behvior. In: Thrips s crop pests (ed. T. Lewis), CAB Int. Cmbridge, pp TOMMASINI, M.G., Evlution of Orius species for biologicl control of Frnkliniell occidentlis (Pergnde) (Thysnopter: Thripide). Ph.D. thesis (unpublished). Univ. Wgeningen, The Netherlnds, pp TUNÇ, İ., Thysnopter compositions in some crops in Antly. Proc. 2nd Turk. Ntl. Congr. Entomol Jnury 1992, Adn, pp TUNÇ, İ., Thrips infesttions of field crops in Turkey. Proc. 6th Inter. Sym. Thysnopter, 27 April-1 My 1998, Antly, Turkey, pp TSUCHIYA, M., Infesttion nd oviposition of Thrips tbci Lindemn on stsum mndrin (Citrus unshiu Mrc.). Jp. Soc. ppl. Ent. Z., 46: ULLAH, F., MULK, M.U., FARID, A., SAEED, Q.S. AND SATTAR, S., Popultion dynmics nd chemicl control of onion thrips (Thrips tbci, Lindemnn). Pkistn J. Zool., 42: VASSILIOU, V.A., Chemicl control of Pezothrips kellynus (Thysnopter: Thripide) in citrus plnttions in Cyprus. Crop Prot., 26: YIĞIT, A., TURAN, K. AND ERKILIÇ, L., Studies on fruit scrs of citrus in estern Mediterrnen region of Türkiye. Pl. Prot. Bull., 31: YUDIN, L.S., MITCHELL, W.C. AND CHO, J.J., Color preference of thrips (Thysnopter: Thripide) with reference to phids (Homopter: Aphidide) nd lefminers in Hwiin lettuce frms. J. econ. Ent., 80: ZURSTRASSEN, R., Neue dten zur Systemtik und Verbreitung einiger west-plärktischer Terebrnti- Arten (Thysnopter). Ent. Nchr. Bürs. 40: ZURSTRASSEN, R., Dieterebrnten Thysnopteren Europsund des Mittelmeer-Gebietes. Die Tierwel. Deutschl., 74: (Received 25 Februry 2013, revised 8 October 2013)
11
Central NC Organic Bell and Hot Pepper Variety Trial, Summer 2014
Ojective Centrl NC Orgnic Bell nd Hot Pepper Vriety Tril, Summer 2014 North Crolin A&T Stte University John Beck, Aron Moore, nd Dr. Snjun Gu NC A&T Frm, Greensoro, NC To evlute the performnce of some
More informationBio-ecology and Control of Pezothrips kellyanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Citrus in Cyprus
The Europen Journl of Plnt Science nd Biotechnology 2008 Globl Science Books Bio-ecology nd Control of Pezothrips kellynus (Thysnopter: Thripide) on Citrus in Cyprus Vssilis A. Vssiliou * Agriculturl Reserch
More information2011 ORGANIC SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL MATERIALS AND METHODS
2011 ORGANIC SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL In 2011, the University of Vermont Extension conducted soyben vriety tril in Alburgh, VT. The purpose of this tril ws to provide yield comprisons of food- nd feed-grde
More informationEVALUATION OF SEED AND IN-FURROW AT-PLANTING APPLIED INSECTICIDES ON SORGHUM
EVALUATION OF SEED AND IN-FURROW AT-PLANTING APPLIED INSECTICIDES ON SORGHUM Texs Agriculturl Experiment Sttion, Corpus Christi, TX, nd Michel nd Wlter Kuck Frm, Lvc County, 1999 Roy D. Prker, Emil D.
More informationScienceDirect. Development of a method for manufacturing noodles from finger millet
Avilble online t www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedi Food Science 6 (2016 ) 293 297 Interntionl Conference of Sbrgmuw University of Sri Lnk 2015 (ICSUSL 2015) Development of method for mnufcturing
More informationEffect of AVG Application on Fruit Set, Yield and Fruit Size in Abate Fetel and Packam s Triumph Pears in a Semi-Commercial Statistical Trial
Effect of AVG Appliction on Fruit Set, Yield nd Fruit Size in Ate Fetel nd Pckm s Triumph Pers in Semi-Commercil Sttisticl Tril E. Sánchez nd M. Curetti Instituto Ncionl de Tecnologí Agropecuri Estción
More information2014 Sunflower Planting Date Trial
214 Sunflower Plnting Dte Tril Dr. Hether Drby, UVM Extension Agronomist Sr Ziegler, Eric Cummings, Susn Monhn, nd Julin Post UVM Extension Crops nd Soils Technicins (82) 524-651 Visit us on the web t
More informationPostharvest Application of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Extends Shelf Life of Kiwifruit
Posthrvest Appliction of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Extends Shelf Life of Kiwifruit C.M. Cntin 1, D. Holcroft 2 nd C.H. Crisosto 1 1 University of Cliforni, Dvis, Deprtment of Plnt Sciences, Dvis, CA
More informationThe Relationship Between Palm Oil Index Development and Mechanical Properties in the Ripening Process of Tenera Variety Fresh Fruit Bunches
Reserch Journl of Applied Sciences, Engineering nd Technology 3(3): 218-226, 211 ISSN: 24-7467 Mxwell Scientific Orgniztion, 211 Received: Jnury 31, 211 Accepted: Ferury 23, 211 Pulished: Mrch 3, 211 The
More informationArchived at
Archived t http://orgprints.org/13657/ Results from three yer testing project of new strwberry cultivrs in Verticillium infested soils nd under orgnic frming conditions A. Spornberger 1, H. Weissinger
More informationThe Effect of Oat Bran Fiber on Texture, Moisture and Palatability of Pumpkin Muffins
The Effect of Ot Brn Fiber on Texture, Moisture nd Pltbility of Pumpkin Muffins M. Montrsi & K. Reidenbch 11/19/2012 NUTR 453 Finl Report Abstrct: Reserch hd shown n lrmingly low fiber intke of United
More information2006 BELL PEPPER VARIETY EVALUATION TRIALS
26 BELL PEPPER VARIETY EVALUATION TRIALS In Sn Joquin County University of Cliforni Coopertive Extension 42 South Wilson Wy Stockton, CA 9525 1 26 BELL PEPPER VARIETY EVALUATION TRIAL In Sn Joquin County
More informationEFFECT OF BORON AND ARSENIC ON JUICE ACIDITY
SMITH: BORON & ARSENIC ON GRAPEFRUIT 95 Fig. 2. Vlenci ornge leves from declining tree showing type of mteril used for electron microscopic study Ar rows point to typicl res long midveins tht were excised,
More informationColonization of chasmothecia of grapevine powdery mildew by Ampelomyces quisqualis
Biocontrol of powdery mildew Coloniztion of chsmotheci of grpevine powdery mildew y Ampelomyces quisqulis Drio Angeli, Frnc Vlentini, Chir Msiero, Oscr Giovnnini, Ilri Pertot Fondzione Edmund Mch, S.Michele
More informationSemi-commercial evaluation of SmartFresh with South African export avocados in static containers at the Westfalia packhouse during 2002
South Africn Avocdo Growers' Assocition Yerbook. 2003. 26:55-64 Semi-commercil evlution of SmrtFresh with South Africn export vocdos in sttic continers t the Westfli pckhouse during 2002 D Lemmer #, J
More informationAcknowledgements. Recent Research: Vine Balance and Fruit Thinning. Brief Outline. Take Aways. How many of you have read? Vine Balance.
Recent Reserch: Vine Blnce nd Fruit Thinning Sustinble Ag Expo Monterey County Jim Wolpert Extension Viticulturist Deprtment of Viticulture nd Enology UC Dvis Acknowledgements Funding Americn Vineyrd Foundtion
More informationAsian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry ISSN Available online at
As. J. Food Ag-Ind. 2010, 3(04), 368-372 Asin Journl of Food nd Agro-Industry ISSN 1906-3040 Aville online t www.jofi.info Reserch Article Effect of drying nd frying time on texturl nd sensory chrcteristics
More informationInfluence of Gibberellic Acid (GA 3 ) on Fruit Quality of Sweet Cherries John Cline
Influence of Gibberellic Acid (GA 3 ) on Fruit Qulity of Sweet Cherries John Cline University of Guelph, Simcoe & Vinelnd Cmpuses Tel: 519-426-7127 Ext 331 Jcline@uoguelph.c 1 Presenttion Outline Introduction
More informationSpotted-Wing Drosophila (SWD) recommendations
Spotted-Wing Drosophil (SWD) - 2015 recommendtions Michelle Fountin, Jerry Cross, Dvid Buss, Bethn Shw, Adrin Hrris Andre Dobrovin-Pennington, Rlph Noble Ktie Hopson, Mri Diez, Rebec Conde-Ruiz, Jmie Stozk,
More informationEvaluation of Yogurt with Enhanced Cysteine Content
Diry Foods Evlution of Yogurt with Enhnced Cysteine Content S. Bl nd K. A. Schmidt Summry Amino cids re the uilding locks of protein nd ssist with metolism in the ody. In the humn ody, the mino cid cysteine
More informationPerformance of Seyval Blanc Grape in Four Training Systems Over Five Years
CROP PRODUCTON HORTSCENCE 37(7): 1023-1027.2002. Performnce of Seyvl Blnc Grpe in Four Trining Systems Over Five Yers D. Ferree, T. Steiner, J. Gllnder, D. Scurlock, G. Johns, nd R. Riesen Deprtment of
More informationTemporal variation in temperature and rainfall differentially affects ectomycorrhizal colonization at two contrasting sites
New Phytol. (1998), 139, 733 739 Temporl vrition in temperture nd rinfll differentilly ffects ectomycorrhizl coloniztion t two contrsting sites BY RANDY L. SWATY*, CATHERINE A. GEHRING, MATT VAN ERT, TAD
More informationThe effect of seed treatments on the yield and yield components of various levels of sprouted wheat
Brnrd nd Booyse (2018). Seed Science nd Technology, 46, 1, 53-63. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2018.46.1.05 The effect of seed tretments on the yield nd yield components of vrious levels of sprouted whet
More informationEuhrychiopsis lecontei Distribution, Abundance, and Experimental Augmentations for Eurasian Watermilfoil Control in Wisconsin Lakes
J. Aqut. Plnt Mnge. 38: 88-97 Euhrychiopsis lecontei Distribution, Abundnce, nd Experimentl Augmenttions for Eursin Wtermilfoil Control in Wisconsin Lkes LAURA L. JESTER 1,5, MICHAEL A. BOZEK 1, DANIEL
More informationModelling of Apple Fruit Growth by Application of Image Analysis
ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER 59 Modelling of Apple Fruit Growth y Appliction of Imge Anlysis Denis STAJNKO 1 Zltko ÈMELIK SUMMARY The possiility of RGB imge processing nd nlysis for modelling of the development
More informationEarly-Maturing Sweet Oranges: Research Update on Earlygold, Itaborai, Ruby, and Westin Sweet Oranges 1
HS920 Erly-Mturing Sweet Ornges: Reserch Updte on Erlygold, Itori, Ruy, nd Westin Sweet Ornges 1 Willim S. Cstle nd Jmes J. Ferguson 2 Erlygold, Itori, Ruy, nd Westin re new sweet ornge selections with
More informationFurther Investigations. Storing, and Ripening. of Pears from. Rogue River Valley. Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State Agricultural College
STATION BULLETIN 254 AUGUST, 1929 Further Investigtions on the Hrvesting, Storing, nd Ripening of Pers from Rogue River Vlley Agriculturl Experiment Sttion Oregon Stte Agriculturl College CORVALLIS OREGON
More informationPreview. Chapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model
hpter 3 Lbor roductivity nd omprtive Advntge: The Ricrdin Model review Opportunity costs nd comprtive dvntge roduction possibilities Reltive supply, reltive demnd & reltive prices Trde possibilities nd
More informationThe Effect of Quinoa on the Taste and Texture of Chocolate Chip Cookies. Hannah Doren Tarryn Hake Mitch Simmonds NUTR 453.
The Effect of Quino on the Tste nd Texture of Chocolte Chip Cookies Hnnh Doren Trryn Hke Mitch Simmonds NUTR 453 November 19, 2012 Title: The Effect of Quino on the Tste nd Texture of Chocolte Chip Cookies
More informationRelationship Between Microclimatic Data, Aroma Component Concentrations and Wine Quality Parameters in the Prediction of Sauvignon blanc Wine Quality
Reltionship Between Microclimtic Dt, Arom omponent oncentrtions nd Wine Qulity Prmeters in the Prediction of Suvignon blnc Wine Qulity J. Mris, F. litz 2 nd P. D. Hsbroek3 1) AR lnfruiiec-nietvoorbij,
More informationVolume : 07 Issue :01 Jan.-Mar Pages:
Middle Est Journl of Applied Sciences Volume : 07 Issue :01 Jn.-Mr. 2017 Pges: 162-167 Studies on the Impct of Successive Sprys with ertin Insecticides on Whitefly nd Aphids Infesting Roselle Plnts nd
More informationEffects of chemical treatments on dormancy breaking and some sprouting characteristics of two potato cultivars in different tuber sizes
Avilble online t www.pelgireserchlibrry.com Europen Journl of Experimentl Biology, 2014, 4(4):98-102 ISSN: 2248 9215 CODEN (USA): EJEBAU Effects of chemicl tretments on dormncy breking nd some sprouting
More informationSeparation of Sunlight and Temperature Effects on the Composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot Berries
Sunlight nd Temperture Effects on Merlot Berries 171 Seprtion of Sunlight nd Temperture Effects on the Composition of Vitis vinifer cv. Merlot Berries S.E. Spyd, 1 * J.M. Trr, 2 D.L. Mee, 1 nd J.C. Ferguson
More informationEffects of Prohexadione-calcium on Grape Yield Components and Fruit and Wine Composition
Effects of Prohexdione-C on Yield nd Composition 73 Effects of Prohexdione-clcium on Grpe Yield Components nd Fruit nd Wine Composition Dnielle Lo Giudice, 1 Tony K. Wolf, 2 * nd Bruce W. Zoecklein 3 Abstrct:
More informationOF THE CITRUS RUST MITE
esults of this experiment re in generl greement with the results of our previous experiment (7) tht were otined under the sme grove conditions with different smple loctions. However, different grove nd
More informationHow to get the best eating quality of pork
The effect of ft on the eting qulity of pork Ensuring the best eting qulity Ensuring the best flvours The effect of cooking ft on the eting qulity of pork How to get the best eting qulity of pork The cooking
More informationCluster-zone leaf removal refers to deliberate removal of selected
Lef Removl s Influence on Pinot Noir Bsl lef removl chnges chemicl nd voltile compositions By Hui Feng, Fng Yun, Ptrici A. Skinkis nd Michel C. Qin Cluster-zone lef removl refers to delierte removl of
More informationRudd Report. Are Fast-Food Restaurants Keeping Their Promises to Offer Healthier Kids Meals? Summary. August 2017
Rudd Report UCONNRUDDCENTER.ORG August 2017 Are Fst-Food Resturnts Keeping Their Promises to Offer Helthier Kids Mels? AUTHORS: Jennifer Hrris, PhD, MBA Mi Hyry, MPA Nicole Seymour, MSW Yoon-Young Choi,
More informationRESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL TRAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
Pkistn J. Agric. Res. Vol. 9 No1, 016 RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL TRAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS Doult Big*, Fid Mohmmd Asi*, Hi Ahmed*,
More informationOptimized wine quality potential through fruit-zone management practices in red varieties
Finl Progress Report Virgini Wine Bord, 20 July 2016 Optimized wine qulity potentil through fruit-zone mngement prctices in red vrieties Principl Investigtor: Tony K. Wolf AHS Jr. AREC 595 Lurel Grove
More informationModeling Impacts of Viticultural and Environmental Factors on 3-Isobutyl-2-Methoxypyrazine in Cabernet franc Grapes
Modeling Impcts of Viticulturl nd Environmentl Fctors on 3-Isobutyl-2-Methoxypyrzine in Cbernet frnc Grpes Justin J. Scheiner, 1 Justine E. Vnden Heuvel, 2 Bruce Pn, 3 nd Gvin L. Scks 4 * Abstrct: A study
More informationScreening Sunflower Varieties for Reaction to Infestation by Sunflower Midge & Insecticide Update
Screening Sunflower Vrieties for Rection to Infesttion by Sunflower Midge & Insecticide Updte Jnet J. Knodel 1, Ptrick B. Beuzy 1, Jrrd Prsifk 2 nd Theres A. Gross 2 1 Deprtment of Entomology, North Dkot
More informationTHE EFFECTS OF BERRY THINNING AND GIBBERELLIN ON RECEL UZUMU TABLE GRAPES
Perfor. of Summer forge legumes in Pothowr Pk. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 49(2), 105-112; 2012 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 http://www.pkjs.com.pk THE EFFECTS OF BERRY THINNING AND GIBBERELLIN
More informationGarlic Sprouts Grown Indoors at Kitchen Sites
Medicinl nd Aromtic Plnt Science nd Biotechnology 008 Globl Science Books Grlic Sprouts Grown Indoors t Kitchen Sites FeiFei Qin,,3* HuiLin Xu Gng M 4 Interntionl Nture Frming Reserch Center, Ht, Ngno,
More informationI. RESURSE GENETICE, AMELIORAREA SPECIILOR POMICOLE GENETIC RESOURCES, BREEDING OF DECIDUOUS FRUIT TREES SPECIES
Sientifi ppers, R.I.F.G. Pitesti, Vol. XXVII, 211 I. RESURSE GENETICE, AMELIORAREA SPECIILOR POMICOLE GENETIC RESOURCES, BREEDING OF DECIDUOUS FRUIT TREES SPECIES EVALUAREA CALITĂŢII FRUCTELOR LA SELECŢIILE
More informationTesting Baits to Control Argentine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Vineyards
COMMODITY TRETMENT ND QURNTINE ENTOMOLOGY Testing its to rgentine nts (Hymenopter: Formicide) in Vineyrds KENT M. DNE,, MONIC L. COOPER, KREN R. SIME, ERIK H. NELSON, MRK C. TTNY, ND MICHEL K. RUST J.
More informationCARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION REACTIONS OF STAPHYLOCOCCI*
CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION REACTIONS OF STAPHYLOCOCCI* GEORGE H. CHAPMAN AND MERRITT H. STILES Clinicl Reserch Lbortory, New York, N. Y. A survey of the literture indictes tht wide vritions in technic nd
More informationIR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Cover Sheet
013094.pdf IR4 Ornmentl Horticulture Progrm Reserch Report over Sheet Resercher(s) Gry hstgner Tril: 013WA Affilition: Wshington Stte University Pullyup WA PhoneNumer: (53) 445458 Emil: chstg@wsu.edu ProjectTitle:
More informationResponses of Vitis vinifera Pinot gris Grapevines to Exogenous Abscisic Acid (ABA): I. Yield, Fruit Quality, Dormancy, and Freezing Tolerance
J Plnt Growth Regul (16) 35:245 255 DOI.07/s00344-015-9529-2 Responses of Vitis vinifer Pinot gris Grpevines to Exogenous Ascisic Acid (ABA): I. Yield, Fruit Qulity, Dormncy, nd Freezing Tolernce Shouxin
More informationThe pear cultivars Spadona and Coscia produce
Journl of Horticulturl Science & Biotechnology (7) 82 () 83 87 Plnt growth regultors increse the fruit size of Spdon nd Cosci pers (Pyrus communis) in wrm climte By RAPHAEL A. STERN 1 *, ISRAEL DORON 2
More informationImpact of Shoot and Cluster Thinning on Yield, Fruit Composition, and Wine Quality of Corot noir
Impct of Shoot nd Cluster Thinning on Yield, Fruit Composition, nd Wine Qulity of Corot noir Qun Sun, 1 Gvin L. Scks, 2 Steven D. Lerch, 3 nd Justine E. Vnden Heuvel 4,5 * Abstrct: Cluster thinning (CL),
More informationBiological Control of Alternaria Fruit Rot of Chili by Trichoderma Species under Field Conditions
Mycobiology 38(2) : 113-117 (2010) The Koren Society of Mycology DOI:10.4489/MYCO.2010.38.2.113 Biologicl Control of Alternri Fruit Rot of Chili by Trichoderm Species under Field Conditions Most. Ferdousi
More informationGibberellic Acid (GA3), an Influential Growth Regulator for Physiological Disorder Control and Protracting the Harvesting Season of Sweet Orange
Americn Journl of Experimentl Agriculture 4(11): 1355-1366, 2014 SCIENCEDOMAIN interntionl www.sciencedomin.org Gierellic Acid (GA3), n Influentil Growth Regultor for Physiologicl Disorder Control nd Protrcting
More informationTiming of partial defoliation affects carbohydrate
SHORT COMMUNICATION Timing of prtil defolition ffects crohydrte concentrtion of vegettive tissues nd concentrtion of phenolics in erries of potted De Chunc (Vitis sp.) grpevines Justine E. Vnden Heuvel
More informationControlled in vivo infestation of mandarin fruit with Ceratitis capitata for development of quarantine treatments
Instituto Ncionl de Investigción y Tecnologí Agrri y Alimentri (INIA) Spnish Journl of Agriculturl Reserch 28 6(3), 434-44 Avilble online t www.ini.es/sjr ISSN: 1695-971-X Abstrct ontrolled in vivo infesttion
More informationFactors Associated with Dough Stickiness as Sensed by Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy
Fctors Associted with Dough Stickiness s Sensed by Attenuted Totl Reflectnce Infrred Spectroscopy Ewoud J. J. vn Velzen, 1,2 John P. M. vn Duynhoven, 1 Pul Pudney, 3 Peter L. Weegels, 1 nd John H. vn der
More informationGrowth and yield of three sunflower hybrids cultivated for two years under mediterranean conditions
Emirtes Journl of Food nd Agriculture. 2016. 28(2): 136-142 doi: 10.9755/ejf.2015-05-291 http://www.ejf.me/ REGULAR ARTICLE Growth nd yield of three sunflower hyrids cultivted for two yers under mediterrnen
More informationAgronomic approaches in yield and quality stability of high oleic sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)
Agronomic pproches in yield nd qulity stbility of high oleic sunflowers (Helinthus nnuus L.) to obtin the Ph. D. degree in the Fculty of Agriculturl Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germny
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING Discrimintion of Wines Produced from Cbernet Suvignon Grpes Treted with Aqueous Ethnol Post-Bloom Using n Electronic Nose Amnd Mrtin 1, Kumr Mllikrjun, 2 nd Bruce
More informationEffect of Whitener Type and Paddy Moisture Content on Rice Grain Damage During Milling Process
Americn-Eursin J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., (3): 470-474, 2011 ISSN 1818-6769 IDOSI Publictions, 2011 Effect of Whitener Type nd Pddy Moisture Content on Rice Grin Dmge During Milling Process 1 2 Seed Firouzi
More informationEvaluation of Grey Forecasting Method of Total Domestic Coffee Consumption in Indonesia
Interntionl Journl of Business nd Economics Reserch 2017; 6(4): 67-72 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijber doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20170604.15 ISSN: 2328-7543 (Print); ISSN: 2328-756X (Online) Evlution
More informationSustainable Grape Productivity and the Growth-Yield Relationship: A Review
Sustinble Grpe Productivity nd the Growth-Yield Reltionship 165 Honorry Reserch Lecture ASEV Annul Meeting, 1999, Reno, Nevd Sustinble Grpe Productivity nd the Growth-Yield Reltionship: A Review G. Stnley
More informationComparative Study of Nutritional Quality of Orange (Citrus sinensis) at Different Maturity Stages in Relation to Significance for Human Health
Americn-Eursin Journl of Toxicologicl Sciences 7 (4): 209-213, 2015 ISSN 2079-2050 IDOSI Pulictions, 2015 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ejts.2015.7.4.95200 Comprtive Study of Nutritionl Qulity of Ornge (Citrus sinensis)
More informationConsumer evaluation of cold smoked fat in beef sausages
Interntionl Food Reserch Journl 23(4): 1782-1786 (2016) Journl homepge: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my Consumer evlution of cold smoked ft in beef susges Mrtinez, C.C. nd * Mchdo, T.J. Deprtment of Animl,
More informationLoss of reproductive output caused by an invasive species
rsos.roylsocietypublishing.org Downloded from http://rsos.roylsocietypublishing.org/ on April 7, 216 Loss of reproductive output cused by n invsive species Reserch Cite this rticle: Trembly MEM, Morris
More informationEnsiling characteristics and aerobic stability of temperate grasses containing different concentrations of water soluble carbohydrates
REPORT TO THE STAPLEDON MEMORIAL TRUST Ensiling chrcteristics nd eroic stility of temperte grsses contining different concentrtions of wter solule crohydrtes Aner A. Rodríguez-Crís Deprtment of Animl Science,
More informationCENTRAL VALLEY POSTHARVEST NEWSLETTER
CENTRAL VALLEY POSTHARVEST NEWSLETTER COOPERATIVE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Kerney Agriculturl Center 9240 S. Riverbend Avenue, Prlier, CA 93648 USA (559) 646-6500 April 2005 Vol. 14, No. 1 Crlos
More informationAbstract. 1. Introduction. Journal of Nutrition & Pharmacy Research
Tomto Fruits (Solncee Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Feedck Mechnism in The Presence of Exogenous Ethylene under Prolonged Chilling Temperture Storge M. Mkky,, *, K. A. Pschlidis, P. Soni, A. Mngnris,
More informationRefining Fruit-Zone Leaf Removal for Red-Fruited Bordeaux Varieties Grown in a Humid Environment. Cain Charles Hickey
Refining Fruit-Zone Lef Removl for Red-Fruited Bordeux Vrieties Grown in Humid Environment. Cin Chrles Hickey Disserttion sumitted to the fculty of the Virgini Polytechnic Institute nd Stte University
More informationArticle. Discrimination of Commercial Roasted and Ground Coffees According to Chemical Composition. Romilaine M. N. de Souza and Marta T.
Article J. Brz. Chem. Soc., Vol. 23, No. 7, 1347-1354, 2012. Printed in Brzil - 2012 Sociedde Brsileir de Químic 0103-5053 $6.00+0.00 A Discrimintion of Commercil Rosted nd Ground Coffees According to
More informationReview of Arabica Coffee Management Research in Ethiopia
Review of Aric Coffee Mngement Reserch in Ethiopi Anteneh Netsere 1, Tye Kuf 1 Tesfye Shimer 2 1, Jimm Agriculturl Reserch Center, P.. Box 192, Jimm, Ethopi 2, Ethopin Institute of Agriculturl Reserch,
More informationControl of black dot in potatoes
Control of lck dot in pottoes Dr. Trevor Wicks SA Reserch & Development Institute Project Numer: PT11 PT11 This report is pulished y Horticulture Austrli Ltd to pss on informtion concerning horticulturl
More informationCAPTURE OF HYPOTHENEMUS HAMPEI FERRARI (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) IN RESPONSE TO TRAP CHARACTERISTICS
Cpture of H. Hmpei 567 Note CAPTURE OF HYPOTHENEMUS HAMPEI FERRARI (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) IN RESPONSE TO TRAP CHARACTERISTICS Flávi Cloclet d Silv 1 ; Murício Ursi Ventur 2 *; Luro Morles 3 1 UEL/CCA
More informationCharacterization of Fruitbody Morphology on Various Environmental Conditions in Pleurotus ostreatus
Mycobiology 31(3): 145-150 (2003) Copyright 2003 by The Koren Society of Mycology Chrcteriztion of Fruitbody Morphology on Vrious Environmentl Conditions in Pleurotus ostretus Kb-Yeul Jng, Chng-Sung Jhune,
More informationThe determination of iron in grapes and their alcoholic
OLALLA ET AL.: JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL VOL. 83, NO. 1, 2000 189 RESIDUES AND TRACE ELEMENTS Optimized Determintion of Iron in Grpe Juice, Wines, nd Other Alcoholic Beverges by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
More informationThe Impact of Supplementation of Green Tea Powder in Yellow Cupcakes. Teryn Sapper & Christian Ordaz November 22, 2010 F&N 453
The Impct of Supplementtion of Green Te Powder in Yellow Cupckes Teryn Spper & Christin Ordz Novemer 22, 2010 F&N 453 Astrct: Green te is known to hve mny helth enefits to the humn ody. Cumultive studies
More informationMicrobial species associated with different sections of broccoli harvested from three regions in Australia
Interntionl Journl of Food Microbiology 0 (000) 1 www.elsevier.nl/ locte/ ijfoodmicro Microbil species ssocited with different sections of broccoli hrvested from three regions in Austrli b b, * Msdin Pdg,
More informationObjective 1: Identification of Nursery and Greenhouse Plants Attractive to Pollinators
Protecting Pollintors with Economiclly Fesile nd Environmentlly Sound Ornmentl Horticulture USDA-NIFA-SCRI-CAP University of Cliforni, Dvis Progress Report, July to Septemer 2017 Ojective 1: Identifiction
More informationINFESTATION PATTERN OF Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (THYSANOPTERA : THRIPIDAE) IN DEVELOPING SHOOT AND FLOWER OF MANGO ARUMANIS 143
INFESTATION PATTERN OF Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (THYSANOPTERA : THRIPIDAE) IN DEVELOPING SHOOT AND FLOWER OF MANGO ARUMANIS 143 Affandi* 1), C. dr. Medina 2), L. R. I. Velasco 2), P. A. Javier 2) and
More informationFood Research International
Food Reserch Interntionl 43 (2010) 2284 2288 Contents lists vilble t ScienceDirect Food Reserch Interntionl journl homepge: www.elsevier.com/locte/foodres Effect of honey powder on dough rheology nd bred
More informationRelationship between fermentation behaviour, measured with a 3D vision Structured Light technique, and the internal structure of bread.
Reltionship between fermenttion behviour, mesured with 3D vision Structured Light technique, nd the internl structure of bred. Smuel Verdú 1*, Eugenio Ivorr 2, Antonio J. Sánchez 2, Jose M. Brt 1, Rúl
More informationVolume 2, ISSN (Online), Published at:
SEASONAL VARIATION OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WILD GENOTYPES OF CORNELIAN CHERRY (Cornus ms L.) Aldin Islmovic 1, Merjem Mlco 1, Ndir Berbic 1, Asim Begic-Akgic 1, Snj Orucevic 1, Amel
More informationInfluence of Fermentation Temperature on Composition and Sensory Properties of Semillon and Shiraz Wines
Influence of Fermenttion on Properties of Semillon nd Shirz Wines 235 Influence of Fermenttion Temperture on Composition nd Sensory Properties of Semillon nd Shirz Wines Andrew Reynolds, 1* Mrgret Cliff,
More informationInfluence of Citrus Rootstocks in Bioactive Compounds of Clementines
Journl of Food nd Nutrition Reserch, 2017, Vol. 5, No. 8, 545-552 Avilble online t http://pubs.sciepub.com/jfnr/5/8/3 Science nd Eduction Publishing DOI:10.12691/jfnr-5-8-3 Influence of Citrus s in Bioctive
More informationRelationship between Mineral Nutrition and Postharvest Fruit Disorders of 'Fuerte' Avocados
Proc. of Second World Avocado Congress 1992 pp. 395-402 Relationship between Mineral Nutrition and Postharvest Fruit Disorders of 'Fuerte' Avocados S.F. du Plessis and T.J. Koen Citrus and Subtropical
More informationRegression Analysis and Indoor Air Temperature Model of Greenhouse in Northern Dry and Cold Regions
Regression Anlysis nd Indoor Air Temperture Model of Greenouse in Nortern Dry nd Cold Regions Ting Zo, Heru Xue College of computer & informtion Engineering, Inner Mongoli Agriculturl Uniersity, Hoot,
More informationVineyard Insect Management what does a new vineyard owner/manager need to know?
Vineyard Insect Management what does a new vineyard owner/manager need to know? Keith Mason and Rufus Isaacs Department of Entomology, Michigan State University masonk@msu.edu isaacsr@msu.edu Insect management
More informationEffects of Vine Defoliation on Pinot noir Fruit and Wine Quality
Effects of Vine Defolition on Pinot noir Fruit nd Wine Qulity Jessic Howe Sndrock nd Anit Nin Azrenko Deprtment of Horticulture, Oregon Stte University Industry Collbortors Leigh Bm1holomew, Archery Summit
More informationRapid Reduction in Aroma Volatiles of Pacific Rose Apples in Controlled Atmospheres
Rpid Reduction in Arom Voltiles of Pcific Rose Apples in Controlled Atmospheres H.J. Tough nd E.W. Hewett Centre for Posthrvest nd Refrigertion Reserch Institute of Nturl Resources, Mssey University Plmerston
More informationFood Allergy Among Children in the United States
ARTICLES Food Allergy Among Children in the United Sttes AUTHORS: Amy M. Brnum, MSPH nd Susn L. Lukcs, MSPH, DO Infnt, Child, nd Women s Helth Sttistics Brnch, Ntionl Center for Helth Sttistics, Centers
More informationAtmospheric CO2 Levels
Adpting to Chnging Climte: Forges for Drought Prone Conditions Chris Teutsch Southern Piedmont AREC Blckstone, VA Atmospheric CO2 Levels 1 Temperture Chnge Hnsen, J.E., R. Ruedy, Mki. Sto, M. Imhoff, W.
More informationAbstract. Ramiréz-Aristizabal, L. S. * ; Ortiz, A. ; Restrepo-Aristizabal, M.F.; Salinas-Villada, J.F. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira,Colombia
Evlution of the ntioxidnt cpcity nd content of polyphenols obtined from te (Cmelli sinensis) of four brnds sold in Colombi by extrction t room temperture Rmiréz-Aristizbl, L. S. * ; Ortiz, A. ; Restrepo-Aristizbl,
More informationPERFORMANCE OF HYBRID AND SYNTHETIC VARIETIES OF SUNFLOWER GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INPUT
Suranaree J. Sci. Technol. Vol. 19 No. 2; April - June 2012 105 PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID AND SYNTHETIC VARIETIES OF SUNFLOWER GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INPUT Theerachai Chieochansilp 1*, Thitiporn Machikowa
More informationInfluence of some safety post-harvest treatments on fruit quality and storability of Guava fruits
Current Science Interntionl Volume : 06 Issue : 03 July-Sept. 2017 Pges: 491-500 Influence of some sfety post-hrvest tretments on fruit qulity nd storility of Guv fruits 1 Ftm K. M. Shn nd 2 Ahmed M. S.
More informationJ. //«/. Brew., May-June, 1976, Vol. 82, pp FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DECREASE IN ph DURING BEER FERMENTATIONS
J. //«/. Brew., My-June, 19, Vol. 82, pp. 149-3 149 ACTOS ESPONSIBLE O THE DECEASE IN ph DUING BEE EMENTATIONS By N. Coote nd B. H. Kirsop (Brewing Industry eserch oundtion. Nutfield, edhill, Surrey, Englnd)
More informationSpray to Flowering Mango Trees on Fruit Retention, Fruit Size, Tree Yield, and Fruit Quality.
Effect of KN 3 Spry to Flowering Mngo Trees on Fruit Retention, Fruit Size, Tree Yield, nd Fruit Qulity. Steven. Oosthuyse Merenslry Tuhno!ogim! 5 ervicej, P.. ox 14, Duive!sk!oof 835, South fric In South
More informationSurveillance and outbreak reports
Surveillnce nd outbrek reports Outbrek of slmonellosis fter wedding prty, Bvri, Germny, summer 2010: the importnce of implementing food sfety concepts B von Wissmnn (betrix.wissmnn@gmil.com) 1,2, C Klinc
More informationToxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Homoptera, Aphidoidea), the tropical citrus aphid in continental Portugal
Toxopter citricidus (Kirkldy, 1907) (Homopter, Aphidoide), the tropicl citrus phid in continentl Portugl Ilhrco F.A., Sous-Silv C.R. in D'Onghi A.M. (ed.), Djelouh K. (ed.), Roistcher C.N. (ed.). Citrus
More informationFlowering and Fruiting Morphology of Hardy Kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta
Flowering and Fruiting Morphology of Hardy Kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta Chantalak Tiyayon and Bernadine Strik Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Email:
More informationMACLIT INDICATOR PILOT LAMP & INDICATOR FEATURES SPECIFICATIONS (RATINGS, PERFORMANCE)
MACLIT INDICATO INDICATO FEATUES The Mclit indictor is operted y the electromgnetic polrity inversion method. The sttus is displyed y rotting the disply prt. The SS nd MS types hve uilt-in LED for night
More information