Bob Dickey Corn farmers in the United States are graded each year on how they respond to market demands, handle the pressure of weather extremes and improve their overall production practices. Their end goal is to meet strong domestic demand for corn, as well as the demands of those around the world who need a reliable supplier of high-quality, low-cost corn. The 2008 growing season proved to have many challenges, from floods to heat, yet U.S. farmers made the grade and delivered the second-largest U.S. crop on record. Achieving high marks in a turbulent 2008 was certainly remarkable. Yet corn farmers in the United States know that 2009, like every year, will bring a new set of circumstances. That is why each year growers study the latest research and make plans for the following year. They are determined to meet all demands for high-quality corn from all sectors all around the world. This World of Corn 2009 Statistics Book serves as a resource for international corn users or those interested in corn production and trade. It highlights dozens of facts and figures surrounding corn production in the United States and around the world. It shows where we ve been and where we can go. Bob Dickey President, National Corn Growers Association Corn Grower from Laurel, Nebraska
World Corn Production Conversion Key 1 hectare = 2.471 acres 1 metric ton = 39.36 bushels U.S. Corn at a Glance, 2008 U.S. Select Crop Value, 2008 U.S. All Crop Area Harvested, 2008 Planted 34.8 Million Harvested 31.8 Million Production 307 Billions of Dollars (U.S.) $26.63 $47.19 Other 3.3% Peanuts 0.5% Sunflower 0.8% Rice 1.0% Barley 1.2% Corn (silage) 1.9% Sorghum (grain) 2.3% Cotton 2.5% Wheat 17.9% Corn (grain) 25.3% Average Yield 9.5 Metric Tons/Hectare Corn Crop Value $47.19 Billion (U.S.) Average Price $153.54 per Metric Ton (U.S.) Oats $0.26 Barley $1.23 Sorghum $1.51 Wheat $16.75 Soybeans Corn Hay 19.3% Thousand Corn (grain) 31,849 Corn (silage) 2,416 Soybeans 30,230 Hay 24,325 Wheat 22,552 Cotton 3,130 Sorghum (grain) 2,945 Barley 1,526 Rice 1,205 Sunflower 970 Peanuts 610 Dry Edible Beans 585 Oats 565 Potatoes 423 Sugar Beets 407 Canola 401 Sugar Cane 352 Dry Edible Peas 343 Proso Millet 186 Sorghum (silage) 165 Tobacco 143 Flaxseed 138 Soybeans 24.0% Rye 109 Lentils 107 Safflower 79 Sweet Potatoes 39 Mustard Seed 29 Peppermint 24 Hops 17 Other 14 Total 125,883 Source: USDA, WASDE, January 2009 Source: USDA, NASS, Crop Production 2008 Summary, January 2009 U.S. Corn Production by State, 2008 Biotech Share of U.S. Corn Planted, 2008 State Planted Harvested for Grain Average Yield Metric Tons/ Hectare Total Production 1000 Metric Tons Alabama 105 95 6.4 621 Arizona 20 6 10.2 63 Arkansas 178 174 9.6 1,693 California 271 69 12.1 842 Colorado 506 437 8.5 3,758 Connecticut 11 - - - Delaware 65 62 7.8 483 Florida 28 14 6.5 93 Georgia 150 126 8.7 1,102 Idaho 122 32 10.5 345 Illinois 4,901 4,820 11.1 54,107 Indiana 2,309 2,211 9.9 22,190 Iowa 5,387 5,184 10.6 55,598 Kansas 1,559 1,470 8.3 12,356 Kentucky 490 454 8.4 3,869 Louisiana 211 207 8.9 1,865 Maine 12 - - - Maryland 186 162 7.5 1,229 Massachusetts 8 - - - Michigan 972 867 8.6 7,501 Minnesota 3,119 2,916 10.2 29,994 Mississippi 292 284 8.7 2,489 Missouri 1,134 1,073 8.9 9,693 Montana 32 14 8.4 121 State Planted Harvested for Grain Average Yield Metric Tons/ Hectare Total Production 1000 Metric Tons Nebraska 3,564 3,463 10.1 35,400 Nevada 2 - - - New Hampshire 6 - - - New Jersey 34 30 7.2 218 New Mexico 57 22 11.2 251 New York 441 259 8.9 2,341 North Carolina 365 336 4.8 1,644 North Dakota 1,033 932 7.7 7,244 Ohio 1,337 1,264 8.4 10,699 Oklahoma 150 130 7.1 935 Oregon 24 13 12.4 168 Pennsylvania 547 356 8.2 2,973 Rhode Island 1 - - - South Carolina 144 128 4.0 520 South Dakota 2,329 1,782 8.2 14,865 Tennessee 279 255 7.3 1,888 Texas 932 822 7.8 6,446 Utah 28 9 9.7 92 Vermont 38 - - - Virginia 190 138 6.7 933 Washington 67 36 12.7 469 West Virginia 17 11 8.1 86 Wisconsin 1,539 1,166 8.5 10,022 Wyoming 38 21 8.3 177 Total U.S. 35,228 31,849 9.5 307,384 Source: USDA, NASS, Crop Production 2008 Summary, January 2009 Stacked Traits 40% Bt 17% Non-Biotech 20% Herbicide Tolerant 23% Thousand Non-Biotech 7,073 Bt 6,012 Herbicide Tolerant 8,135 Stacked Traits 14,147 Total 35,367 Source: USDA, NASS, Acreage Report, June 2008 Percentage of Biotech Area Planted, 2006-2008 Bt Herbicide Tolerant Stacked Traits All Biotech Hybrids State 07 06 08 07 06 08 IL 24 19 13 12 15 15 19 40 52 55 74 80 IN 13 12 7 15 17 16 12 30 55 40 59 78 IA 32 22 16 14 19 15 18 37 53 64 78 84 KS 23 25 25 33 36 30 12 21 35 68 82 90 MI 16 19 15 18 22 24 10 19 33 44 60 72 MN 28 26 19 29 32 29 16 28 40 73 86 88 MO 38 30 27 14 19 21 7 13 22 59 62 70 NE 37 31 27 24 23 24 15 25 35 76 79 86 ND 29 29 24 34 37 34 20 22 31 83 88 89 OH 8 9 12 13 12 17 5 20 37 26 41 66 SD 20 16 7 32 34 30 34 43 58 86 93 95 TX 27 22 20 37 37 31 13 20 27 77 79 78 WI 22 19 14 18 23 26 10 22 35 50 64 75 Other 20 20 20 25 33 32 10 14 22 55 67 74 U.S. 25 21 17 21 24 23 15 28 40 61 73 80 Source: USDA, NASS, Acreage Report, June 2008
U.S. Corn Planted, 1938-2008 Thousand 38,262 34,636 29,707 26,376 33,078 27,425 32,467 31,341 32,218 30,659 31,952 31,834 32,777 33,120 31,722 37,878 34,823 U.S. Corn Prices, 1958-2008 Dollars per Metric Ton (U.S.) $44.09 $42.52 $88.58 $100.00 $76.37 $71.65 $72.83 $77.56 $91.33 $95.27 $81.10 $78.74 $119.68 $165.35 * 07 ** 08 * Estimated ** Projected for marketing year ending August 31, 2009 Source: USDA, WAOB, World Agriculture Supply and Demand Estimate, January 2009 $153.54 U.S. Corn Production, 1938-2008 U.S. Corn Crop Value, 1958-2008 58 84 85 113 185 125 248 240 252 241 228 256 300 282 267 331 307 Billions of Dollars (U.S.) * 07 ** 08 $3.76 $4.83 $16.28 $12.66 $18.92 $17.10 $18.50 $18.88 $20.88 $24.48 $24.38 $22.20 $32.09 $52.09 $47.19 * Estimates for marketing year ending Aug. 31, 2008 ** Projected for marketing year ending Aug. 31, 2009 Source: USDA, WASDE, January 2009 U.S. Corn Harvested, 1938-2008 Thousand 33,529 31,120 25,737 22,672 29,132 23,591 29,399 28,547 29,338 27,851 28,079 28,732 29,821 30,422 28,608 35,041 31,849 U.S. Average Corn Yields, 1938-2008 Metric Tons per Hectare 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.0 8.8 9.9 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.5 Others 14.5% Ukraine 1.3% South Africa 1.3% Canada 1.3% Argentina 2.1% India 2.3% Mexico 3.2% Brazil 6.5% EU-27 7.7% World Corn Production, 2008-09* China 20.9% U.S. 38.9% United States 307,386 China 165,500 EU-27 61,197 Brazil 51,500 Mexico 25,000 India 18,000 Argentina 16,500 Canada 10,600 South Africa 10,500 Ukraine 10,000 Others 114,856 Total 791,039 1.7 2.7 3.3 4.9 6.3 5.2 U.S. Corn Exports, 1993-2008 33.7 50.3 49.2 49.3 48.4 40.3 48.3 46.2 54.2 54.0 61.9 *Projection 44.5 Others 2.5% Canada 0.7% China 0.7% Thailand 0.7% Serbia 1.3% Paraguay 1.9% EU-27 2.6% South Africa 3.2% Ukraine 4.5% Argentina 11.5% Brazil 12.8% World Corn Exports, 2008-09* U.S. 57.7% United States 45,000 Brazil 10,000 Argentina 9,000 Ukraine 3,500 South Africa 2,500 EU-27 2,000 Paraguay 1,500 Serbia 1,000 Thailand 500 China 500 Canada 500 Others 1,925 Total 77,925
World Corn Consumption 9,600 South Africa World Corn Consumption, 2008-2009* Total = 783,224 10,300 Egypt 11,500 Canada 16,500 Japan 17,200 India 32,500 Mexico 47,500 Brazil 60,500 EU-27 158,000 China 259,092 U.S. 160,532 Others Leading U.S. Corn Export Markets (Since 2005) Conversion Key 1 hectare = 2.471 acres 1 metric ton = 39.36 bushels U.S. Corn Ending Stocks, 1938-2008 14.8 20.7 38.7 28.4 43.4 49.0 45.4 43.6 48.2 40.6 27.6 24.3 53.7 50.0 33.1 41.3 45.5 *Marketing year ending Aug. 31, 2009 Source: USDA, Feed Outlook, January 2009 U.S. Corn Usage by Segment, 2008* 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 Japan 15,950 15,109 14,589 Mexico 6,336 8,768 9,818 South Korea 5,587 4,043 8,597 Taiwan 4,652 4,329 3,843 Egypt 4,045 3,377 3,124 Colombia 2,704 3,247 2,945 Canada 1,882 2,050 3,158 Syria 829 1,471 1,305 Dominican Rep 1,035 1,202 1,091 Algeria 1,235 854 1,006 Other 9,946 9,537 12,397 Total 54,201 53,987 61,873 HFCS 3.8% Other 7.0% Ethanol 30.1% & Coproducts Export 14.6% Feed/Residual 44.4% Feed/Residual 135 Export 44 Food, Seed, Industrial Ethanol & Coproducts 91 HFCS 12 Starch 6 Sweeteners 6 Cereal/Other 5 Alcohol (Bev) 3 Seed 1 Total Use 304 *Marketing year ending August 2009 Food, Seed & Industrial (FSI) Usage, 1988-2008 31.6 40.3 46.9 48.6 49.7 52.0 59.4 64.4 68.2 *Marketing year ending Aug. 31, 2009 75.7 88.6 110.8 124.5 4.6 Sweetener Usage, 1988-2008 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.8 High-Fructose Corn Syrup Usage, 1988-2008 Starch Usage, 1988-2008 9.2 11.2 13.7 13.7 13.2 13.4 13.0 12.4 11.7 5.5 6.2 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.9 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.7 5.8 6.4 6.1 6.0 6.1
Algeria 2.4% EU-27 2.6% Saudi Arabia 2.6% Iran 3.2% Malaysia 3.2% Colombia 3.6% Taiwan 5.1% Egypt 5.1% South Korea 9.2% World Corn Imports, 2008-09* Mexico 10.3% U.S. Fuel Ethanol Production, 1998-2008 Billion Liters 5.3 6.2 6.7 8.1 10.6 Other 31.5% Japan 21.2% 12.9 14.8 18.4 *Estimate for Calendar Year 2008 Source: Renewable Fuels Association, NCGA 24.6 34.1 Japan 16,500 Mexico 8,000 South Korea 7,200 Egypt 4,000 Taiwan 4,000 Colombia 2,800 Malaysia 2,500 Iran 2,500 Saudi Arabia 2,000 EU-27 2,000 Algeria 1,900 Others 24,525 Total 77,925 Corn Used for Fuel Ethanol Production, 1988-2008 7.3 11.6 13.4 14.4 15.9 17.9 25.3 29.7 33.6 40.7 53.9 76.9 91.4 U.S. Ethanol Fuel Production Facilities, 2008 Millions of Liters State # of Plants Installed Capacity Iowa 35 12,942.9 Nebraska 24 5,738.1 South Dakota 16 3,706.6 Minnesota 19 3,519.0 Indiana 12 3,339.0 Illinois 11 2,516.6 Wisconsin 9 1,951.9 Ohio 6 1,792.7 Kansas 11 1,461.0 North Dakota 5 1,137.0 California 8 1,013.8 Missouri 6 947.5 Michigan 4 811.1 Texas 3 720.1 Tennessee 2 670.8 New York 2 621.6 Oregon 2 542.0 Colorado 4 534.4 Georgia 1 379.0 Virginia 2 246.4 Mississippi 1 227.4 Idaho 2 208.5 Arizona 1 208.5 Kentucky 2 134.2 New Mexico 1 113.7 Wyoming 1 5.7 Louisiana 1 5.3 Total 191 45,495.2 Source: American Coalition for Ethanol, December 2008 U.S. Meat Exports by Animal Group, 1995-2008 U.S. Corn Usage by Segment, 1995-2008 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Poultry Beef Pork *Estimates Source: PRX; USDA, FAS Livestock and Poultry: World Markets and Trade, October 2008. 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 Exports Feed & Residual Food, Seed & Industrial Carry-out Source: USDA, ERS, World Agriculture Supply and Demand Estimate, January 2009 50 U.S. Corn Fed by Animal Group, 1995-2008 80 U.S. Corn Fed by Region, 1995-2008 * 40 30 20 10 0 Beef Poultry Pork Dairy Other *Marketing year September 1, 2008 to August 31, 2009 Source: ProExporter Network (PRX) 70 60 50 40 Non-Corn Belt Corn Belt * * ProExporter Network estimates the equivalent of 189, 253, 329, 342, 569, 890 and 901 million bushels of corn fed to livestock was displaced by DDG, in the 02-03, 03-04, 04-05, 05-06, 06-07, 07-08, and 08-09 crop years, respectively. ** Marketing Year Ending August 2009. Source: ProExporter Network (PRX)
When it comes to membership, NCGA is all over the map. The National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) is the largest national nonprofit organization representing the interest of U.S. corn farmers. Through the state checkoff investments of nearly 300,000 corn producers and the commitment of dedicated grower leaders, NCGA and its state-affiliated organizations are redefining and expanding the role of corn in the world s future through research, market development, production and education. You can join more than 35,000 NCGA grower members in 47 states, making a difference in public policy. With your help, we can continue the remarkable achievements of America s corn industry and ensure that U.S. corn growers continue to excel at every level. National Headquarters 632 Cepi Drive Chesterfield, MO 63005 636.733.9004 Washington, DC Office 122 C St. NW, #510 Washington, DC 20001 202.628.7001 Visit www.ncga.com for more details and updates on the corn industry.