Answers to SCIENCE KEY STAGE TWO LIFE PROCESSES AND LIVING THINGS 1 pg 4: A hibernating tortoise; Moss on a headstone 2 pg 4: Grow; Move; Reproduce; Feed 3 pg 5: For piercing and tearing tough food. 4 pg 5: Because they do not eat foods that need to be pierced or torn. 5 pg 5: Because the sugar on the sweet would have been turned into acid which can decay your teeth. Danny had just brushed his teeth to remove the sugary substances which would have built up on his teeth during the day. 6 pg 6: Energy Growth Fatty Soft drink Milk Cheese Pineapple Beans Meat Apple Fish Butter Orange Eggs Wheat Potatoes Bread Sweets 7 pg 6: A good answer would be: Breakfast: (Non-sugary) cereal and milk Lunch: Chicken and salad sandwich; an apple, water Dinner: Lamb chop; cauliflower and cheese; boiled potatoes; raw carrots and sugar-free squash. 8 pg 6: A good answer would be: Breakfast: Sugary cereal or greasy fry-up Lunch: Fast food, for example fried chicken; soft drink Dinner: Steak; chips; battered onion rings; ice cream sundae; soft drink. Snacks: Crisps; sweets; cakes and biscuits; chips. 9 pg 7: a) The first diagram (heart relaxing) b) The second diagram (heart contracting) 10 pg 7: a) Both sides do the same amount of work. b) Blood from the left contains oxygen, blood returning to the right doesn t contain oxygen. 11 pg 8: Use graph paper to plot your pulse before and after running, take your pulse every three minutes until it returns to your resting rate. This will help you know your fitness. 12 pg 8: Your poster could include advice such as: Don t smoke Eat less fatty food Exercise more. 13 pg 9: a) (i) Brain (ii) Lungs and heart (iii) Reproductive organs b) Get an equal number of boys and girls. Measure their arms, making sure to measure from and to the same points on each person. Record the results. 14 pg 9: Contract both muscles.
15 pg 10: a) An example might be: Big Giraffes Are Animals Chomp Food. b) Fertilisation and birth 16 pg 11: Your poster could include advice such as: Cigarettes contain tar; nicotine; ash particles; carbon monoxide. Smoking endangers your health and can cause throat and mouth cancer, lung cancer, lung infections, bronchitis, arterial disease, heart disease. Smoking around others causes passive smoking which can endanger their health as well. 17 pg 11: Your poster could include advice such as: Drinking is fine in small quantities. Drinking large amounts can endanger your heath and can cause liver damage, brain damage, alcohol addiction. Drinking too much can cause you to have poor judgement and can prevent you from considering the consequences of your actions. 18 pg 11: Be creative and use your imagination. 19 pg 12: Charlotte, Katie and Christopher would have had to have used plants that were all of the same height to begin with and kept them in identical conditions except for the amount of water that they gave them which was the purpose of their test. 20 pg 13: a) Anther b) Male c) Stigma d) Female 21 pg 13: They could turn red. 22 pg 13: Deep roots 23 pg 14: Pollination and fertilisation; seed dispersal 24 pg 14: Seed production; growth 25 pg 14: Wind pollinated flowers Insect pollinated flowers Anthers hang outside Large, feathery stigma Doesn t need nectar Not colourful Little or no scent Anthers inside Stigma inside Insects attracted by nectar Colourful to attract insects Scented to attract insects 26 pg 15: Wind dispersal Animal dispersal Ash Dandelion Poppy Tomato Burdock Elm Rosehip 27 pg 15: It is an advantage for seeds that they do not need light as this gives them time to germinate and grow without being destroyed by natural predators or the elements. 28 pg 16: A Slug B Ground Beetle D Snail E Earthworm F Harvestman 29 pg 16: Amphibians Mammals Birds Reptiles Fish Frog Fox Sparrowhawk Snake Trout Toad Deer Robin Komodo Dragon Tuna 30 pg 16: Any suitable answer.
31 pg 17: Examples: Pond; Farm; Hedge; House; Sea 32 pg 17: a) Pond: Frogs; Farm: Cows; Hedge: Hedgehog; House: Cat; Sea: Fish b) You could use two sets of woodlice, one in a damp place and one in a dry place. You could run the test over a set number of days and check each day to see if the woodlice are still alive. 33 pg 17: a) Frogs can breathe under water and on land. b) Moles have strong forelimbs for digging. c) Grass snakes are a colour that blends in with their surroundings. d) Sharks have sharp teeth for catching and eating their prey. e) The buds are adapted to protect them from frost and cold as the tree is deciduous. f) Mosses have adapted to living in damp and dimly lit places. 34 pg 18: a) Field Mouse b) Flower (pollen) c) Seeds; Cat 35 pg 18: Nothing would break down so there would be no recycling of nutrients. MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES 1 pg 19: Examples could include: Hardness Strength Flexibility Elasticity Attraction to a Magnet Toughness and Brittleness Table Dining chairs Steel garden furniture Taps Fire poker Teflon saucepan Sofa cushions Plastic food containers Sports drink bottles Clothes line Rubber ball Fishing rod Steel spoon Screwdriver Iron screws Light bulbs Glasses Door frame 2 pg 19: Examples could include: Insulating; Conducting; Softness; Absorption and other sensible answers. 3 pg 20: a) Flexible b) Flexible c) Flexible d) Brittle e) Flexible f) Hard 4 pg 20: a) Houses b) Dry stone wall c) Car parts d) Soft drink cans e) Books f) cling film 5 pg 21: Used the same sized mugs; used the same amount of tea in each mug; put all the mugs in the same place so none got colder/warmer than the others. 6 pg 21: Because wood and plastic don t conduct heat so you don t burn yourself when you pick them up. 7 pg 21: a) Padded jacket; Vest; Carpet; Fibre-glass ceiling insulation b) Wearing lots of layers traps air between them which can help to keep you warm.
8 pg 22: Examples of drawings include: Conductors: Metal fork, paper clips, coins. Insulators: wooden spoon, glass vase, plastic bag. 9 pg 22: It may cause you to get an electric shock. 10 pg 23: A: Clay soil B: Equal mix of clay and sandy soil C: Sandy soil 11 pg 23: The size of each soil sample and the amount of water used. 12 pg 24: a) Steam from a kettle gas; A school desk solid; Air gas; Tomato sauce liquid; An ice cube solid; A bowl of sugar solid. b) An ice cube because it is solid as ice but melts into water; A bowl of sugar because sugar particles are solid but in a bowl they would act like a liquid. c) Examples include: sand, salt, peppercorns. 13 pg 24: solid; liquid / gas; gas / liquid; gas / solid; solid / gas; gas; solid 14 pg 25: a) about 4 b) about -18 c) about 80 d) about 36 15 pg 25: Mark the answers you gave above on the thermometers. 16 pg 25: The cooling and warming process would have taken longer. 17 pg 26: The reversible change is: c) mixing watercolour paint. 18 pg 27: The irreversible changes are: d) making bricks from clay; e) setting a firework off. 19 pg 28: Ice lolly; chocolate bar; candle wax; molten lava; liquid iron. 20 pg 28: Candle wax; molten gold; water. 21 pg 29: Because the thing being dried is at an increased temperature with air being blown across / at it. 22 pg 29: Because both situations have warm vapour turning into condensation by coming into contact with cold surfaces. 23 pg 30: Make sure that your answer includes all of the following: evaporation, condensation, clouds blown inland, rain fall, snow fall, streams, transfer of water back to sea, river. 24 pg 31: a) Salt and d) Instant coffee 25 pg 31: Flour; Sand; Chalk 26 pg 31: The sugar would dissolve but the sand would sink to the bottom. 27 pg 31: Use a small teacup, keep the tea cool, add large sugar lumps, do not stir it. 28 pg 31: Use three beakers of water, each at a different temperature. Time how long it takes for the sugar to dissolve in each beaker. Repeat the experiment. The beakers must be the same size. The amounts of water and sugar in each beaker must be exactly the same. 29 pg 32: 1. Spread the solids out and remove the nails using a magnet. 2. Use sieves with progressively smaller holes in order to remove a) the tennis balls b) the small marbles c) the dried peas d) the rice. 30 pg 32: Filtering would not be a good method for separating sand and chalk because neither is soluble and they are both a similar size of particle, therefore they would not separate.
31 pg 33: b) Salt and sugar both dissolved in water. 32 pg 33: To separate the substances in a shovel full of mud you could first sieve the mud to remove any large objects. Next you could filter it to remove the insoluble substances and then evaporate the water to remove any soluble substances. PHYSICAL PROCESSES 1 pg 34: a) A light bulb, a television, a kettle b) A radio, a television, a telephone c) A fan, a blender, a food processor d) A heater, a cooker, a microwave 2 pg 34: a) A television b) A CD player c) A microwave 3 pg 34: See the table on p 34 to check your answers. 4 pg 34: a) buzzer b) battery c) motor d) switch e) bulb 5 pg 35: Examples include: 6 pg 36: a) c) b) d) M 7 pg 37: The size of the wire. 8 pg 37: The thicker the wire the brighter the bulb; the thinner the wire the duller the bulb.
9 pg 38: friction; resistance; weight 10 pg 38: The spring will exert a pulling force. When stretched, the spring exerts its own pulling force on the hands that are stretching it. 11 pg 39: Your weight would become less because the moon does not have as much gravity as the Earth. 12 pg 39: You would become weightless if you went into Outer Space. 13 pg 39: A forcemeter measures weight. 14 pg 39: 15 pg 39: N 0 1 2 3 4 5 N 0 1 2 3 4 5 16 pg 40: a) A car tyre and the road, or any other sensible answer. b) Ice skates and ice, or any other sensible answer. 17 pg 40: a) An aeroplane in flight, or any other sensible answer. b) Throwing a tennis ball, or any other sensible answer. 18 pg 41: a) Washing the dishes, or any other sensible answer. b) An otter swimming, or any other sensible answer. 19 pg 41: The size of the upthrust is zero. 20 pg 41: No, because the force of the upthrust in the water on the object acts to make it lighter in the water than it is out of the water. 21 pg 42: a) steel; nickel; iron b) glass; wood; paper; gold 22 pg 42: Any suitable answer showing a magnetic material attracted to a magnetic and a magnet being repelled by another magnet. 23 pg 42: The names of the ends of the magnets relates to which ends of the Earth s magnetic field they are attracted to. The North end of the magnet will be attracted to the North magnetic field of the Earth, like in a compass. 24 pg 42: Use the same mass of steel pins. See how many each magnet picks up. The poles of steel pins must be the same mass and the magnets must be held the same distance from the pins. 25 pg 43: Lightning; Gas light; Computer screen; Head-lantern; LED light; or any other sensible answer. 26 pg 43:
27 pg 44: a) Polished table; Shiny jewellery; Glass windows b) Carpet; Concrete; Non-shiny metal 28 pg 44: Cameras; Cars; Telescope 29 pg 44: Because the light is reflected off the teacher and into your eyes. 30 pg 44: No because there would be no light to reflect off the teacher and into your eyes. 31 pg 45: Any suitable answers, e.g. a ball being hit by a tennis raquet, a flute, a radio. 32 pg 45: Vocal chords 33 pg 45: Because too much noise can damage your eardrums and cause deafness. 34 pg 45: a) House insulation; Ear plugs; Ear-muffs; Pillows; Cushions b) Tiles; Wooden floors; Kitchen appliances; Cars; Stone walls 35 pg 46: a) Pluck a short ruler hard b) Pluck a long ruler gently c) Pluck a short ruler gently 36 pg 47: You could use thin strings, short strings or tight strings to get a high pitch and pluck them gently to get a quiet sound. 37 pg 47: You could discuss the clarinet, the flute, the trumpet or any other sensible answer. 38 pg 48: Refer to picture at the top of page 48 39 pg 48: 40 pg 49: The funnels 41 pg 49: Accept any suitable diagram which shows the relative sizes of the Sun, Earth and the Moon 42 pg 50: Name five countries of Eastern Europe and Western Asia 43 pg 51: The sunrise and sunset times will be different each day by a minute or two. 44 pg 51: a) b)