ECO-TAXONOMIC INVESTIGATIONS OF FUNGI ON BISTRA MOUNTAIN

ECO-TAXONOMIC INVESTIGATIONS OF FUNGI ON BISTRA MOUNTAIN Mitko KARADELEV 1 & Katerina RUSEVSKA 2 1 Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics - Skopje 2 Macedonian Mycology Society - Skopje ABSTRACT Karadelev M & Rusevska K. (2004).. Proceedings of the 2 nd Congress of Ecologists of the Republic of Macedonia with International Participation, 25-29.10.2003, Ohrid. Special issues of Macedonian Ecological Society, Vol. 6, Skopje. A list of lignicolous and terricolous fungi recorded on Bistra Mt. is given in this article. The previously published research data (Tortic 1988, Karadelev 2000) are also included in order to have the complete list of mycodiversity of this region. Here are presented a total of 253 species, mainly from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and the largest part of them belong to the orders: Agaricales, Tricholomatales, Russulales, Aphyllophorales and Poriales. The majority of the registered species were collected during summer and autumn (1998, 1999, 2001-2003), predominantly from the localities of Mavrovo, Galicnik village, Lazaropole village, and Tresonce village. The research was conducted in different habitats: beech forest, beech-fir forest, oak forest, azonal vegetation along the Radika river, Tresonecka river and Garska Reka, in meadows and pastures. Of the fungi species registered, 128 are lignicolous and 126 are terricolous. Lignicolous species were collected on fallen branches, trunks, logs and living trees of Fagus sylvatica, Quercus spp., Abies borisii-regis, Corylus avellana, Castanea sativa, Carpinus betulus ect. Most of the species are saprobionts (179), 56 are mycorrhizal, and 15 species are parasites. Some of the species such as Lentinellus cochleatus, Porphyrellus pseudoscaber, Boletus appendiculatus, Dentipelis fragilis, Pisolithus arhizus could be highlighted as rare. Other species such as Armillaria mellea, Lactarius piperatus, Cantharellus cibarius, Oudemansiella radicata, Russula cyanoxantha etc. are abundant in certain periods of the year. IZVOD Karadelev M i Rusevska K. (2004). Eko-taksonomski istra`uvawa na gabite na planinata Bistra. Zbornik na trudovi od 2-ot Kongres na ekolozite na Makedonija so me unarodno u~estvo, 25-29.10.2003, Ohrid. Posebni izdanija na Makedonskoto ekolo{ko dru{tvo, Kn. 6, Skopje. Vo trudot e dadena lista na lignikolni i terikolni vidovi gabi registrirani na planinata Bistra. So cel da se dobie kompleten pregled na mikodiverzitetot na ova podra~je vo listata se vklu~eni i podatoci od prethodno objaveni istra`uvawa (Torti} 1988, Karadelev 2000). Pretstaveni se 223 vida gabi, glavno od Ascomycota i Basidiomycota, so najgolem broj pretstavnici od redovite: Agaricales, Tricholomatales, Russulales, Aphyllophorales i Poriales. Od registriranite vidovi lignikolni se 102, a terikolni 111. Najgolem del od vidovite se saprobionti (149), mikorizni se 52, a paraziti se 13 vidovi. Kako posebno retki vidovi mo`at da se istaknat slednite: Lentinellus cochleatus, Porphyrellus pseudoscaber, Boletus appendiculatus, Dentipelis fragilis, Pisolithus arhizus. Introduction The Republic of Macedonia is mycologically relatively poorly investigated. Up to the present there have been a few systematic mycological investigations, but lately it has been made possible to have a clear picture of fungi distribution for separates regions in the Republic of Macedonia (Pelister Mt., Jakupica Mt., Galicica Mt., Kozuf Mt., Sar Planina Mt., South Povardarie etc.). Separate data on the region of Bistra Mt. were given by Tortic (1988), and systematic research for the locality of Mavrovo was conducted by Karadelev (2000). According to the previous research in this region, 124 of macromycetes are known. 393

Mitko KARADELEV & Katerina RUSEVSKA Material and Methods The material was collected during the period of 1998, 1999, 2001-2003, in different associations, on soil or on fallen branches, stumps, logs or living trees. The determination of the species was done during the field research and at the Mycological Laboratory within the Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Skopje, microscopically by using reagents (Melzer`s reagent, KON, sulfovanilin etc.). Some of the species were determined while still in a fresh condition (Agaricales), and the others were to undergo further laboratory analyses. Part from the samples have been preserved in the National Mycological Collection (FUN- GI MACEDONICI), while all indispensable data about the species are entered in the MACFUNGI database. The following keys and monographs were used as resources for determination of the collected fungi: Moser 1983, Breitenbach & Kränzlin (1981, 1986, 1991, 1995, 2000), Jülich (1984), Ryvarden, Gilbertson (1993-1994), Eriksson, Hjortstam, Ryvarden (1973-1984), Däncke, R. M. (2001), etc. Investigated area The research was conducted in Bistra Mountain, situated in the central part of the area of high mountains in western part of the Republic of Macedonia. The presence of the Balkan endemic and tertian relict, the wild chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum, and also the presence of some rare trees such as Myricaria germanica, Crataegus sericea, Crataegus incana, Sorbus semipinnata, Corylus colurna is one of the distinctive features of this mountain. The material was collected from the localities of Mavrovo, Galicnik village, Lazaropole village, and Tresonce village, in the following associations: Festuco heterophyllae- Fagetum, Calamintho grandiflorae-fagetum, Abieti- Fagetum macedonicum, Fago-Abietetum meridionale, Querco-Carpinetum orientalis macedonicum and Orno-Quercetum petraeae, in high mountain pastures, meadows, azonal vegetation along the Radika river, Tresonecka river and Garska Reka, and in plantations of Pinus. Results and discussion A total of 253 species were recorded, 128 lignicolous and 126 terricolous. Lignicolous species were collected on the following substrates: Fagus (87), Abies borisii-regis (19), Corylus avellana (16), Quercus spp. (8), and 20 species were registered on other substrates (Salix spp., Prunus sp., Juniperus sp., Populus tremula, etc.). From lignicolous species, there are 15 parasites and 109 saprobionts. The most frequent lignicolous species are: Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Ganoderma applanatum, Oudemansiella radicata, Panellus stypticus, Schizopora paradoxa, Stereum hirsutum, Trametes hirsute and Vuilleminia comedens. Rare lignicolous species are: Ganoderma carnosum, Ganoderma lipsiense, Hericium coralloides, Inonotus hispidus and Mycena arcangeliana. Characteristic species of Abies are: Aleurodiscus amorphus, Ganoderma carnosum, Gloeopohyllum abietinum, Ischnoderma benzoinum, Phellinus hartigii and Phlebia queletii; for Fagus: Bulgaria inquinans, Cinereomyces lindbladii, Fomes fomentarius and Laxitextum bicolor; for Quercus: Daedalea quercina, Microsphaera alphitoides, Penipohora quercina and Vuilleminia comedens. From terricolous species, there are 56 mycorrhizal and 70 saprobionts. The most frequent terricolous species are Agaricus campester, Amanita rubescens, Boletus edulis, Bo- Fig. 1. The most frequent ectomycorrhizal genera on Bistra Mt. 394 Zbornik na trudovi od 2-ot Kongres na ekolozite na Makedonija

Fig. 2. Number of species in researched associations vista plumbea, Cantharellus cibarius, Clitocybe gibba, Collybia butiracea, Laccaria laccata, Lactarius piperatus, Lycoperdon perlatum, Marasmius alliaceus, Marasmius oreades and Russula cyanoxantha. Some of the species such as Battarrea phalloides, Clavaria vermicularis, Clavulinopsis fusiformis, Geastrum nanum and Pisolithus arhizus could be highlighted as rare. Fig. 1 shows the most frequent ectomycorrhizal genera on Bistra Mt., where the genera Boletus, Russula and Amanita are present with a larger number of species, while the others are present with a smaller number of species. The larger number of species was recorded in beech forests (Fig. 2), a smaller number was recorded in beech-fir and oak associations, while the rest of the investigated associations (meadows, pastures etc.) are characterised by a few number of species. Of the registered fungi species, 54 are edible, most of them from the genera Agaricus, Boletus, Cantharellus, Lactarius, Macrolepiota and Russula. 1. Agaricus arvensis 2. Agaricus campester 3. Agaricus macrosporus 4. Agaricus silvaticus 5. Agaricus silvicola 6. Amanita rubescens 7. Armillaria mellea 8. Boletus appendiculatus 9. Boletus calopus 10. Boletus edulis 11. Boletus erythropus 12. Boletus fehtneri 13. Boletus pulverulentus 14. Boletus queletii 15. Bovista gigantea 16. Bovista plumbea 17. Bovista pusilla 18. Calvatia excipuliformis 19. Calvatia utriformis 20. Cantharellus cibarius 21. Cantharellus lutescens 22. Cantharellus tubaeformis 23. Clitocybe gibba 24. Clitocybe nebularis 25. Clitocybe odora 26. Coprinus comatus 27. Craterellus cornucopioides 28. Hydnum repandum 29. Hydnum rufescens 30. Lactarius piperatus 31. Laetiporus sulphureus 32. Leccinum aurantiacum 33. Leccinum quercinum 34. Leccinum scabrum 35. Lepista nebularis 36. Lycoperdon perlatum 37. Macrolepiota mastoidea 38. Macrolepiota procera 39. Macrolepiota rhacodes 40. Marasmius oreades 41. Oudemansiella radicata 42. Pleurotus ostreatus 395

Mitko KARADELEV & Katerina RUSEVSKA 43. Pleurotus pulmonarius 44. Polyporus squamosus 45. Russula aurata 46. Russula cyanoxantha 47. Russula ochroleuca 48. Russula virescens 49. Russula xerampelina 50. Suillus luteus 51. Sulillus granulatus 52. Tricholoma terreum 53. Xerocomus badius 54. Xerocomus chrisenteron The species Boletus pulverulentus may be highlighted as especially rare, Battarraea phalloides and Peniophora junipericola grow in rare or dangerous habitats, and Agaricus macrosporus, Boletus fehtneri, Boletus satanas, Craterellus cornucopioides and Macrolepiota procera are endangered by excessive exploitation, which is the reason why these species are in the Preliminary Red List of Endangered Species in Republic of Macedonia (Karadelev 2000). Thirty-one macromycetes species were registered on Bistra Mt., and these results have not been published yet. Consequently, they are new species for the Republic of Macedonia. 1. Clavaria vermicularis 2. Clavulinopsis fusiformis 3. Cortinarius trivialis 4. Exidia recisa 5. Fuligo septica 6. Ganoderma carnosum 7. Geasrum nanum 8. Gloeopohyllum abietinum 9. Hygrocybe punicea 10. Hygrophorus poetarum 11. Hypochrea pulvinata 12. Hypoxylon fuscum 13. Hypoxylon multiforme 14. Ischnoderma benzoinum 15. Leccinum quercinum 16. Lepiota cretacea 17. Leucopaxillus giganteus 18. Lycoperdon foetidum 19. Macrolepiota excoriata 20. Macrolepiota rhacodes 21. Microsphaera alphitoides 22. Mucilago crustacea var. crustacea 23. Mycena arcangeliana 24. Mycena stipata 25. Peziza varia 26. Pholiota adiposa 27. Pisolithus arhizus 28. Russula aurata 29. Russula xerampelina 30. Scleroderma areolatum 31. Vascellum pratense Conclusions Here are presented a total of 253 species - 128 lignicolous and 126 terricolous. Fifty-six are mycorrhizal, 179 are saprobionts, and 15 are parasites. The larger number of species was registered in beech forests (197), a smaller number in beech-fir (44) and oak associations (32), while in the rest of the investigated associations (meadows, pastures etc.) there were a few species. The most frequent species are: Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Ganoderma applanatum, Oudemansiella radicata, Panellus stypticus, Schizopora paradoxa, Stereum hirsutum, Trametes hirsuta, Vuilleminia comedens, Agaricus campester, Amanita rubescens, Boletus edulis, Bovista plumbea, Cantharellus cibarius, Clitocybe gibba, Collybia butiracea, Laccaria laccata, Lactarius piperatus, Lycoperdon perlatum, Marasmius alliaceus, Marasmius oreades and Russula cyanoxantha. Certain species such as: Ganoderma carnosum, Ganoderma lipsiense, Hericium coralloides, Inonotus hispidus, Mycena arcangeliana, Battarrea phalloides, Clavaria vermicularis, Clavulinopsis fusiformis, Geastrum nanum and Pisolithus arhizus may be highlighted as rare. The following species are in the Preliminary Red List of Endangered Species in the Republic of Macedonia: Boletus pulverulentus, Battarraea phalloides, Peniophora junipericola, Agaricus macrosporus, Boletus fehtneri, Boletus satanas, Craterellus cornucopioides and Macrolepiota procera (Karadelev 2000). References Alessio, C. L. (1985) Boletus. Italia. 712 pp. Breitenbach, J., Kränzlin, F. (1981). Fungi of Switzerland Volume 1. Edition Mycologia, Switzerland. 313 pp. Breitenbach, J., Kränzlin, F. (1986). Fungi of Switzerland Volume 2. Edition Mycologia, Switzerland. 412 pp. Breitenbach, J., Kränzlin, F. (1991). Fungi of Switzerland Volume 3. Edition Mycologia, Switzerland. 361 pp. Breitenbach, J., Kränzlin, F. (1995). Fungi of Switzerland Volume 4. Edition Mycologia, Switzerland. 368 pp. Breitenbach, J., Kränzlin, F. (2000). Fungi of Switzerland Volume 5. Edition Mycologia, Switzerland. 338 pp. Däncke, R. M. (2001). 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos. Germany. 1178 pp. Eriksson, J. Ryvarden, L. (1975). The Corticiaceae of North Europe 3. Fungiflora, Oslo. 396 Zbornik na trudovi od 2-ot Kongres na ekolozite na Makedonija

Eriksson, J., Hjortstam, K., Ryvarden, L. (1978, 1981). The Corticiaceae of North Europe 5, 6. Fungiflora. Oslo. Heilmann-Clausen, J., Verbeken, A., Vesterhold, J. (1998). The genus Lactarius. Denmark. 287 pp. Jülich, W. (1984). Die Nichtblatterpilze, Gallertpilze und Bauchpilze. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgard, 626 pp. Karadelev, M. (2000). Kvalitativno-kvantitativen sosotav na makromicetite (Basidiomycetes i Ascomycetes) vo fitocenozata Calamintho grandiflorae-fagetum vo sosotav na Nacionalniot Park Mavrovo. 135-142, Skopje. Karadelev, M. (2002). Gabite na Makedonija. 299. Bogdanci. Wurttembergs Band 1, Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Germany. 629 pp. Wurttembergs Band 2, Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Germany. 620 pp. Wurttembergs Band 3, Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Germany. 634 pp. Moser, M. (1983). Die Röhrlinge und Blatterpilze. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgard, 533 pp. Myxomyceten 1. Deutschland. 343 pp. Myxomyceten 2. Deutschland. 368 pp. Myxomyceten 3. Deutschland. 391 pp. Pegler, D. N., Roberts, P. J., Spooner, B.M. (1997). British Cantharelles and tooth fuhgi. Belgium. 114 pp. Ryvarden, L. Gilbertson, R. (1993). European Polypores 1, 2. Fungiflora, Oslo. Tortić, M. (1988). Materials for the mycoflora of Macedonia. Maked. akad. na naukite i umetnostite. Skopje, 64p. EKO-TAKSONOMSKI ISTRA@UVAWA NA GABITE NA PLANINATA BISTRA Mitko KARADELEV 1 i Katerina RUSEVSKA 2 1 Institut za biologija, Prirodno-matemati~ki fakultet, Skopje 2 Makedonsko mikolo{ko dru{tvo, Skopje Rezime Registrirani se vkupno 253 vida, od koi 128 se lignikolni, a 126 terikolni. Mikorizni se 56, saprobionti se 179, a 15 se paraziti. Najgolem broj vidovi se registrirani vo bukovite zaednici (197), so pomal broj vidovi se odlikuvaat bukovo-elovite (44) i dabovi asocijacii (32), dodeka ostanatite istra`uvani zaednici se so mal broj na vidovi. Kako retki vidovi mo`at da se izdvojat slednite: Ganoderma carnosum, Ganoderma lipsiense, Hericium coralloides, Inonotus hispidus, Mycena arcangeliana, Battarrea phalloides, Clavaria vermicularis, Clavulinopsis fusiformis, Geastrum nanum i Pisolithus arhizus. Vidovite: Boletus pulverulentus, Battarraea phalloides, Peniophora junipericola, Agaricus macrosporus, Boletus fehtneri, Boletus satanas, Craterellus cornucopioides i Macrolepiota procera se predlo`eni za za{tita. 397