Reprit ISSN 1997-2571 (Web Versio) Joural of Ioatio & Deelopmet Strategy (JIDS) (J. Io. De. Strategy) Volume: 10 Issue: 1 April 2016 J. Io. De. Strategy 10(1): 6-11 (April 2016) INVESTIGATION ON THE HEALTH STATUS OF JUVENILE INDIAN MAJOR CARP (Cirrius cirrosus) FROM VARIOUS FARMS OF MYMENSINGH AREA G.U. AHMED, M.N. AKTER AND K.M.M. RAHMAN A Iteratioal Scietific Researc Publiser Gree Global Foudatio Web address: ttp://ggfjourals.com/e-jourals arcie E-mails: editor@ggfjourals.com ad editor.it.correspodece@ggfjourals.com
ISSN-1997-2571 (Olie) J. Io. De. Strategy 10(1):6-11(April 2016) INVESTIGATION ON THE HEALTH STATUS OF JUVENILE INDIAN MAJOR CARP (Cirrius cirrosus) FROM VARIOUS FARMS OF MYMENSINGH AREA G.U. AHMED 1, M.N. AKTER 1,2* AND K.M.M. RAHMAN 1 1 Departmet of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fiseries, Baglades Agricultural Uiersity, Mymesig 2202, Baglades. 2 Departmet of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fiseries, Hajee Moammad Daes Sciece ad Tecology Uiersity, Diajpur 5200, Baglades. *Correspodig autor & address: Mst. Naid Akter, E-mail: mstaidakter@gmail.com Accepted for publicatio o 10 Marc 2016 ABSTRACT Amed GU, Akter MN, Rama KMM (2016) Iestigatio o te ealt status of jueile Idia major carp (Cirrius cirrosus) from arious farms of Mymesig area. J. Io. De. Strategy. 10(1), 6-11. A experimet was carried out to ealuate te ealt status of jueile Idia major carp (Cirrius cirrosus) from a Goermet fis farm ad a NGO fis farm i te Mymesig regio troug cliical ad istopatological obseratios for a period of 9 mots from April 2005 to December 2005. Water quality parameters (temperature, dissoled oxyge, ph ad total ardess) were recorded o a motly basis. Samples of ski, muscle, gill, lier ad kidey were examied troug istoalogical tecique. Cliical sigs suc as weak body, red spots, scale loss, gill discoloratio ad roug ski i caudal ad etral regio were obsered, particularly i te mot of Noember ad December. Te examied fises were more or less ormal i appearace i te summer seaso (April-May). A moderate patological cages were obsered i all te examied orgas of fises i te mots of Jue to August, wile te seerity of patological cages were icreased i te mots of September ad October. Howeer, marked patological cages were obsered i te mots of Noember ad December. Amog all te affected orgas, gill was te seerely affected, followed by ski ad muscle, lier ad te kidey. Cliical ad istopatological studies reealed tat jueile carps (C. cirrosus) of te bot fis farms were more affected i te colder mots of te year, ad te seerity of te ifectio was more proouced i te Goermet fis farm. Key words: Cirrius cirrosus, ealt status, cliical, istopatology INTRODUCTION Ecoomically, carps (cypriids) appear as te most sigificat teleost family, cotributig to oer 20 millio metric tos of fis produced worldwide, approximately 40% of te world aquaculture productio or 77% of te global freswater aquaculture productio (Xu et al. 2014). Ilad water resources of Baglades are cosidered to be oe of te ricest i te world ad potetial for fiseries deelopmet (Islam 1999). Te Idia major carp C. cirrosus as a great ecoomic sigificace i te Sout Asia regio, icludig Baglades. Tis species is flourisig as a sigificat ew source of fis aquaculture products o te global fis market wit seeral desirable caracteristics, icludig its adaptability for itesie culture, acceptace of low iput sustaiable feeds, adaptability to impaired water quality, ad widespread cosumer acceptace. Te disease is beig cosidered oe of te most sigificat costrait for te sustaiable deelopmet of Idia major carp productio i bot te culture system ad wild coditio i Baglades (Rama ad Cowdury, 1996). I a itesie fis culture, fis diseases are a commo peomea. Ay imbalace amog te tree importat factors suc as te existece of te patoge i fis body ad te quality of te eiromet ad te geeral ealt status of te fis, are te possible reasos of te outbreak of disease (Fracis-Floyd, 1997). Ufaourable or extreme eirometal cages may be fatal or cause stress to fis leadig to secodary ifectios. Fis remais i suc a eiromet wic is loaded wit iumerable agets like cemical pollutats, bacteria, irus, parasites ad fugus etc., eiter idiidually or i combiatio of te aforemetioed agets may resposible for occurreces of arious kids of diseases (Post 1987). Commo diseases of freswater fises of Baglades are ulcer type disease, icludig epizootic ulceratie sydrome (EUS), septicemia disease, tail ad fi rot, bacterial gill rot, dropsy, arious types of fugal disease, protozoa diseases, parasitic diseases, utritioal diseases, tumors etc. (Cowdury 1993, 1997). I most cases aemorrages, septicemia, differet kids of lesios, gill damage etc. are commo symptoms of te affected fis. Cliical iestigatio proides iformatio o te ature of diseases of fis ad istopatological tecique as got immese importace of diagosig te disease of aquatic orgaisms trougout te world. But i Baglades, tis tecique as bee used for fis disease diagosis to a limited extet due to lack of tecical kowledge ad laboratory facilities (Moiruzzama 2000). Te preset work was udertake to idetify te occurrece of patology ad diseases i C. cirrosus from a Goermet fis farm ad compared wit a NGO's fis farm i Mymesig district of Baglades. MATERIALS AND METHODS Te curret iestigatio was coducted cosiderig two fis farms i Mymesig district, Baglades for a period of 9 mots from April 2005 to December 2005. Amog te two fis farms oe was Goermet Fis Seed Multiplicatio Farm at Kajiakadi illage, uder Fulpur Upazila (25 km to east side from Mymesig tow) ad te oter was a priate fis farm operated by a No-Goermet Orgaizatio, Society for Social Serice (SSS) at Serpur uder Pulpur Upazila (about 2 km to west side from Pulpur Upazila Office). Water quality parameters suc as p H, dissole oxyge, temperature, total ardess, coductiity ad total dissole Copyrigt 2016 Gree Global Foudatio www.ggfjourals.com 6
26.28±4.16 5.81±0.66 7.40±0.63 79.27±11.07 26.17±3.92 6.41±0.75 7.19±0.65 82.24±11.44 Temperatur e ( o c) Dissoled oxyge ph Hardess Temperatur e ( o C) Dissoled oxyge ph Hardess Amed et al. solids were recorded o a motly basis durig te experimetal period betwee 0800 to 0900 ours usig HACH S Spectropotometer (Hac-dret/5 speed, Hac compay). Samplig was carried out motly. Durig eac samplig, 6 fises of C. cirrosus were radomly selected from eac fis farm usig te seie et. Te sampled fises were trasported to te Fis Disease Laboratory of te Faculty of Fiseries, Baglades Aricultural Uiersity, Mymesig wit oxygeated plastic bags filled wit freswater. Te sampled fises were examied usig magifyig glass to fid out exteral ijuries, ifectios or ay oter abormal coditio of fis body ad recorded. Ski ad muscle, gill, lier ad kidey samples were collected wit sarp scalpel ad forceps ad presered i 10% eutral buffered formali for istopatological study. A automatic tissue processor (SHANDON, CITADEL 1000) was used for deydratio, clearig ad ifiltratio. Te samples were embedded wit malted wax, perforated plastic older ad steel mold. Durig embeddig period proper care was take for te orietatio of ski ad muscle samples i te steel molds. Sectioig was doe at a tickess of 5 micrometer usig a microtome macie. Te sectios were staied wit aematoxyli ad eosi stais ad mouted wit Caada balsam ad coered wit a coer slip. To fix te coer slips, te prepared slides were placed oer a clea platform for 24 ours ad examied uder a compoud microscope. Potomicrograps were te take by usig a potomicroscope (OLYMPUS, Model CHS, Japa). Patological cages were obsered from te slides ad potograps. Cliical ad patological compariso made from te slides ad potograps ad compared amog te mots ad betwee te farms. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Amog all te water quality parameters ealuated oly water temperature becomes ufaourable for fis culture i te mot of December (Table 1). Water temperature of Goermet ad NGO fis farm were more or less similar. Te igest water temperature of Goermet fis farm was recorded i July as 31 o C ad lowest i December 2005 as 18 o C. O te oter ad, te igest water temperature of te NGO fis farm was recorded i Jue ad July as 30 o C ad lowest i December 2005 as 19 o C. Hossai ad Paul (1993) reported tat te outbreak of disease was te igest we water temperature was te lowest ad metioed at low temperature fis immue system could ot work properly ad eetually te fis would become more susceptible to disease. Accordig to Tagtrogpiros (1985), a sudde drop of temperature i water was supposed to be a importat predisposig cause of disease outbreaks. A separate study by Akter et al. (2006), reported tat fises suc as Moopterus cucia ad Macrogatus aculeatus collected from te Ailee beel i Mymesig areas were more affected bot cliically ad istopatologically i te mots of December ad Jauary we te water temperature was less ta te optimum leel. Table 1. Motly ariatios of water quality parameters i Goermet fis farm ad No Goermet fis farm Goermet fis farm No Goermet fis farm Parameter Mots April 29 5.5 7.0 77.0 28.5 6.2 7.1 88.0 May 28 4.8 7.5 80.0 27.0 6.7 7.0 65.0 Jue 30 6.0 6.3 67.0 30.0 5.5 6.0 80.4 July 31 5.0 7.0 93.0 30.0 6.0 6.8 95.0 August 28 6.0 7.6 86.0 29.0 6.0 7.5 65.3 September 25 6.2 7.5 68.5 26.0 5.8 7.0 78.0 October 25.5 5.8 7.2 90.4 25.0 8.0 7.2 82.0 Noember 22 7.0 8.0 88.5 21.0 6.5 7.8 94.5 December 18 6.0 8.5 63.0 19.0 7.0 8.3 92.0 Mea±SE Cliically, C. cirrosus of bot farms were ealty i appearace i te mots of April to July ad almost ormal i appearace i September ad October (Table 2). Te fises from bot farms were foud seerely affected durig te witer seaso particularly i te mots of Noember ad December wit te cliical patologies suc as gill discoloratio, red spots i caudal ad etral regio, roug ski, scale loss ad weak 7
Iestigatio o te ealt status of jueile Idia major carp (Cirrius cirrosus) from arious farms of Mymesig area body. Fis from te bot fis farms sowed a cliical patology suc as gill discoloratio, red spots i caudal ad etral regio, roug ski, scale loss ad weak body i Noember ad December. Cakma (2002), Salim (2002) ad Moowara (2003) also reported tat fises were more affected cliically ad istopatologically durig te colder mots (December ad Jauary). Amed ad Hoque (1999) also obsered cliical symptom suc as grey wite ecrotic areas i arious carp species i te mots of December, Jauary ad February. Histologically, all te fis were ormal i April ad May. Less patological cages were obsered i Jue, July ad August, wile a marked patological cages were reported i September ad October ad te seerity of ifectio were gradually icreased durig Noember ad December. Amog all te orgas, gills were more affected ta oters. I te bot fis farm, te structure of gills were almost ormal i fasio i te mots of April to May, te patological cages were oly started to sow i te mot of Jue, wile te seerity of ifectio of bot fis farm were icreased i te mots of Noember ad December by sowig ypertropy, yperplasia, ecrosis, aemorrage, loss of pillar cell i te primary gill lamellae ad loss of secodary gill lamellae (Table 2 ad Fig. A, B). Geerally, te primary ad secodary gill lamellae of fis from NGO fis farm were cosiderably less affected i compariso wit te gills of species obtaied from te Goermet fis farm. Similar to te preset study, ypertropy, yperplasia, ecrosis, clubbig, aemorrage ad pillar cells disruptio aroud te primary ad secodary gill lamellae were also obsered i jueile exotic carp particularly i Noember ad December mots (Gos 2006); ypertropy ad missig of gill lamellae i C. puctatus (Akter 2006). A B p t p Fig. A. Sectio of gill of C. cirrosus collected from Goermet fis farm i Noember & December. Idicate ecrosis (), aemorrage (), yperplasia (p) ad loss of secodary gill lamellae () were see. H & E 532. Fig. B. Sectio of gill of C. cirrosus collected from NGO fis farm i Noember & December. Bot te gill lamellae were affected deoted by ypertropy (t), yperplasia (p), ecrosis () ad loss of pillar cells () were see. H & E 532. Te ski ad muscle of C. cirrosus i bot fis farms were moderately affected i wic epidermis ad dermis totally or partly lost, ruptured myotomes, acuole, ad melaomacropage were obsered (Table 2 ad Figures C, D). Similar patological symptoms were also reported i te jueile of Idia major carps (Amed ad Hoque, 1999). C D mm mm r Fig. C. Sectio of ski & muscle of C. cirrosus collected from Goermet fis farm i Noember & December. Epidermis was totally lost & te dermis () was separated from te muscle. Melaomacropages (mm), acuole (), & ruptured myotomes (r) of muscle were see. H & E 133. Fig. D. Sectio of ski & muscle of C. cirrosus collected from NGO fis farm i September & October. Epidermis was sloug off from dermis (), melaomacropase (mm), & acuole () were also see. H & E 532. 8
Amed et al. Marked istopatological cages icludig ecrotic epatocytes, pykotic uclei, aemorrage ad acuole were obsered i te lier of C. cirrosus i bot fis farms (Table 2 ad Figures E, F). Similar fidigs also preiously reported by Ram ad Sig (1988) were lier of te teleost fis, Caa puctatus exibited aryig degrees of patological cages icludig cytoplasmolysis, uclear pykosis ad ecrosis leadig to complete degeeratio of epatocytes. Afifi-SH (1996) also reported tat te ascular cages i te lier migt be due to te damage of te edotelial liig of te blood essels ad preascular cuffig. I te preset study comparatiely less patological cages were obsered i te lier of fises of NGO fis farm. E F pk pk Fig. E. Sectio of lier of C. cirrosus collected from Goermet fis farm i Noember & December. Necrotic epatocytes (), pykotic uclei (pk), acuole () & aemorrage () were see. H & E 532. Fig. F. Sectio of lier of C. cirrosus collected from NGO fis farm i Noember & December. Necrotic epatocytes (), acuole (), aemorrage () & pykotic uclei (pk) were see. H & E 532. Histopatologically, te kidey of C. cirrosus of goermet fis farm sowed arious patological cages suc as ruptured aemapoeitic cell, ecrotic ad swolle kidey tubules aig wide acuole ad aemorrage (Tables 2 ad Figure G), wile mild patological cages were see i te kidey of fises collected from NGO fis farm by sowig swolle kidey tubules, blood cell, ecrosis, acuole ad fat depositio (Tables 2 ad Figure H). Similar patological symptoms of kidey were also obsered i major carp (Amed ad Hoque, 1999; Islam 1999; Moiruzzama 2000). Amed ad Hoque (1999) reported tat istologically te iteral orgas like kidey ad lier were more affected ad disease like EUS occurred durig te mots of December ad Jauary. G H r kt bc Fig. G. Sectio of kidey of C. cirrosus collected from Goermet fis farm i Noember & December. Ruptured aemapoeitic cell (r), ecrosis (), aemorrage (), acuole () & swolle kidey tubules (kt) were see. H & E 532. Fig. H. Sectio of kidey of C. cirrosus collected from NGO fis farm i September & October. Swolle kidey tubules (kt), blood cell (bc), ecrosis (), acuole () ad fat depositio (fd) were see. H & E 532. kt fd 9
Table 2. Histopatology of differet orgas of fises from Goermet ad No Goermet fis farm Cirrius cirrosus Goermet Fis Farm Noember- December,, p & loss of secodary gill lamellae were see e lost, d separated, mm, & r myotome were see, pt, pk uclei, & were see ruptured at,,, & swolle kt were see i te lier cell t, p, & loss of pillar cell were see No- Goermet Fis Farm Mots Orgas Gill Ski & muscle Lier Kidey Gill Ski & muscle Lier Kidey More or less ormal Recoer slowly *All abbreiatios i tis table are explaied as follows Jue-July-August t,, i 'sgl' & loss of pillar cell, c & r myotome preset, fd & preset ecrotic kt were see, cb, t, i sgl & loss of pillar cell were see e, d separated, mm, & r myotome were see il, ecrotic pt, pk uclei & bc were see swolle kt, & see September-October t, p, t, & loss of pillar cell i pgl e slouged off, r myotome, mm & preset, fd & preset, & fd were see t, & loss of pillar cell e slouged off, mm & preset il,, & were see swolle kt, bc,, & pk uclei preset April- May More or less ormal e & d separated,, & r myotome ad mm preset ecrotic pt,, & pk uclei were see,, pk uclei & g were see bc=blood cell; c=cromatopore; cl=clubbig; d=dermis; e=epidermis; fd=fat depositio; g= glomerulus; gl= gill lamellae; =aemorrage; at=aemotopoitic tissue; p=yperplasia; pt=epatocytes; t=ypertropy; il= ilets of lageras; kt=kidey tubule; mm=melaomacropage; =ecrosis; pgl=primary gill lamella; pk=pykotic; r=ruptured; sgl=secodary gill lamellae; t=talegiactesis; =acuole. Altoug most of te examied jueile carps from differet farms of Mymesig area seemed to be ealty, a great percetage of fis were foud affected by differet ifectious agets uder istological obseratio. Various patological cages of iestigated orgas were obsered i te preset iestigatio durig October, Noember ad December. From te maagemet poit of iew, NGO fis farm seemed to be better ta te Goermet fis farm, wic was te major reaso of lower leel of ifectio recorded i NGO fis farm. Similar to te preset study, Gos (2006) also reported seerity of ifectio i Hypoptalmictys molitrix collected from Goermet fis farm was more proouced compared to tose fis collected from BAU fis farm. Tus it could be suggested tat more precautioary measures would ecessary to be carried out i te Goermet fis farm to preet ad cotrol disease i order to obtai ealty fis. Itroductio of patoges as well as ifected fis to te water body pollutio from oter sources sould be preeted as far as possible. Steps sould be take to preet te pollutio ad abitat destructio. Howeer, furter researc works are ecessary to draw a fial coclusio o te disease outbreak i jueile (C. cirrosus) of ursery pods i Baglades troug istological teciques. CONCLUSION I coclusio, it is eidet from te results tat most of te examied jueile fises were ormal ad ealty from exteral obseratios, but patologically a great umber of fises were affected by arious diseases. Te seerity of cliical ad istopatological cages were icreased i te colder period specially i te mots of Noember ad December. REFERENCES Iestigatio o te ealt status of jueile Idia major carp (Cirrius cirrosus) from arious farms of Mymesig area Afifi-SH (1996) Histopatology of catfis, mud barbel Clarias mossambicus ifected wit Trypaosoma markewitsci uder laboratory coditios, Assiut. Vet. Medi. J. 35(70), 72-83. 10
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