... for a better understanding of... BRITISH CULTURE and DAILY LIFE >>> by Clive Hilton <<< Part - 2 vs: 2018 - November... some knowledge and experience of British culture and way of life... for visitors to the United Kingdom... compiled after answering many, many questions from overseas visitors... over more than twenty years... This is a l-o-n-g document, but I hope it will help you understand the British people and our culture. I suggest you read this before, or soon after, you travel to the UK. You may wish to print it, or keep it on your PC/laptop/tablet as a reminder. +~+~+~+~+~+~+~+~+ FLAGS, SYMBOLS, ETC United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Union Flag England the red Cross of Saint George on a white field Scotland the white saltire Cross of Saint Andrew upon a blue field Wales the Celtic Red Dragon on Tudor colours of white and green. Northern Ireland with the Red Hand of Ulster upon the Cross of Saint George on a white field Ireland the red saltire Cross of Saint Patrick on a white field (as originally shown in the Union Flag) The Royal Standard of the House of Windsor (flown only in the presence of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth) Saxon England The White Dragon (being the flag of a former Patron Saint, Oswald) on a white field Isle of Man (Ellan Vanin) Crown Dependency - the Trinacria (Three Legs of Mann) upon a red field The symbol of Sterling (pound), the currency of the UK Bailiwick of Jersey, Channel Islands Crown Dependency - red saltire on white field, with yellow Plantagenet Crown and three leopards Bailiwick of Guernsey, Channel Islands Crown Dependency crosses of William the Conqueror and Saint George upon a white field 1
British English Alphabet Upper (CAPITAL) and lower case letters and phonetic pronunciation A a (aiy) B b (bee) C c (see) D d (dee) E e (ee) F f (eff) G g (jhee) H h (aitch) I i (iiy) J j (jay) K k (cay) L l (ell) M m (emm) N n (enn) O o (ohw) P p (pee) Q q (cue) R r (ahr) S s (ess) T t (tee) U u (yoo) V v (vee) W w (dubl-yoo) X x (ex) Y y (wiy) Z z (zed) English Pronunciation Guide a as in at o as in rod ā as in gāte ō as in ōld á as in ákin ö as in wön â as in fâre ô as in fôr ä as in cär oi as in oil ă as in ăll oo as in good ay as in bay ōō as in tōō ou as in out e as in end ow as in owl ē as in hē oy as in boy ė as in dėfy ê as in hêr u as in pup ēe as in sēen ū as in ūnit ew as in new û as in ûrn i as in ill y as in try ī as in īce ý as in myth ĩ as in sĩr Numbers and phonetic pronunciation 0 (nort) 1 (wun) 2 (too) 3 (three) 4 (for) 5 (fiyv) 6 (sics) 7 (seven) 8 (ayt) 9 (niyn) 2
CONVERSION FACTORS from to x by from to x by from to x by inch (cu in; in3) centimetre (cc; cm3) inches feet yards centimetre 16.387 US fluid Imp fluid inch 0.061 litres Imp fluid 1.041 Imp gallons litres 4.546 (imp gal) 35.1961 litres Imp gallons 0.2199 litres 0.01638 litres US fluid 33.8150 Imp gallons US gallons 1.201 0.0283 Imp pints litres 0.568 US gallons Imp gallons 0.8327 (imp pt) feet 35.315 litres Imp pints 1.7598 US gallons litres 3.785 0.7646 litres US pints 2.1134 litres US gallons 0.2642 yards 1.308 Imp quarts litres 1.137 miles kilo 1.6093 (imp qt) gills litres 0.142 litres Imp quarts 0.88 from to div by Imp fluid millilitres US fluid Imp fluid millilitres 28.41 Imp quarts US quarts (US qt) 1.201 kilo miles 1.6093 Imp fluid 0.0352 US quarts Imp quarts 0.833 millilitres 29.57 US quarts litres 0.946 US fluid 0.961 litres US quarts 1.057 3
UK Imperial / USA Measure / Metric ~ Conversion Charts LENGTH Metric Imperial Imperial Metric 1 millimetre (mm) 0.03937 in 1 inch (in) ( ) 2.54 cm 1 centimetre 10 mm 0.3937 in 1 foot (ft) ( ) 12 in 0.3048 m (cm) 1 metre (m) 100 cm 1.0936 yd 1 yard (yd) 3 ft 0.9144 m 1 kilometre (km) 1000 m 0.6214 mile 1 mile 1760 yd 1.6093 km 1 int nautical mile 2025.4 yd 1.853 km AREA Metric Imperial Imperial Metric 1 sq cm (cm2) 100 mm2 0.1550 in2 1 sq in (in2) 6.4616 cm2 1 sq m (m2) 10000 cm2 1.1960 yd2 1 sq ft (ft2) 144 in2 0.0929 m2 1 hectare (ha) 10,000 m2 2.4711 acres 1 sq yd (yd2) 9 ft2 0.8361 m2 1 sq km (km2) 100 ha 0.3861 mile2 1 acre 4840 yd2 4046.9 m2 1 sq mile (mile2) 640 acres 2.59 km2 VOLUME Metric Imperial Imperial Metric USA Measure Metric 1 cu cm (cm3) 0.0610 1n3 1 cu inch ((in3) 16.387 cm3 1 fluid ounce 1.0408 UK fl oz 1 cu decimetre 1000 cm3 0.0353 ft3 1 cu ft (ft3) 1728 in3 0.0283 m3 1 pint (16 fl oz) 0.8327 (dm3) UK pt 1 cu metre (m3) 1000 dm3 1.3080 yd3 1 fluid ounce (fl oz 28.413 ml 1 gallon 0.8327 UK gal 1 litre (l) 1 dm3 1.76 pt 1 pint (pt) 20 fl oz 0.4683 l 1 hectolitre (hl) 100 l 21 997 gal 1 gallon (gal) 8 pt 4.5461 l MASS Metric Imperial Imperial Metric 1 milligram(mg) 0.0154 grain 1 ounce (oz) 437.5 grain 28.35 g 1 gram (g) 1000 mg 0.0353 oz 1 pound (lb) 16 oz 0.4536 kg 1 kilogram (kg) 1000 g 2.2046 lb 1 stone 14 lb 6.3503 kg 1 tonne (t) 1000 kg 0.9842 ton 1 hundredweight (cwt) 112 lb 50.802 kg 1 UK long ton 20 cwt 1.016 t TEMPERATURE (Celsius-Centigrade & Fahrenheit) C F C F 70 158 0 32 60 140-10 14 50 122-17.8 0 40 104-40 - 40 35 95 30 86 25 77 20 68 15 59 10 50 5 41 0 32 COOKING OVEN TEMPERATURES (Celsius / Fahrenheit / Gas Mark) C F G-M C F G-M 120º 250º ½ 204º 400º 6 135º 275º 1 218º 425º 7 149º 300º 2 232º 450º 8 162º 325º 3 246º 475º 9 176 º 350º 4 260º 500º 10 190º 375º 5 29.574 ml 0.4731 l 3.7854 l 4
FRUIT and VEGETABLES (available in supermarkets, etc) FRUIT Apple Cooking Apple Pear Plum Damson Quince Fig Cherry Rhubarb Apricot Greengage Gooseberry Elderberry Blackberry Raspberry Strawberry Blueberry Avocado Melon Pineapple Mango Dates Orange Tangerine Nectarine Pumpkin Lemon Grapefruit Grapes?? Apple Cooking-Apple Pear Plum Damson Quince Fig Cherry Rhubarb Apricot Greengage Gooseberry Elderberry Blackberry Raspberry Strawberry Blueberry Avocado Melon Pineapple Mango Dates Nectarine Orange Tangerine Pumpkin Lemon Grapefruit Grapes 5
VEGETABLES Potato Carrot Swede Turnip Onion Beetroot Parsnip Radish Shallot Spring Onion Leek Celery Asparagus Artichoke Tomato Cabbage Kale Broccoli Brussells Sprouts Cauliflower Watercress Lettuce Garlic Sweet Corn Aubergine or Eggplant Marrow Cucumber Courgette or Zuchini Gherkin Squash Mushroom Parsley Sweet Pepper Peas Runner Beans Green Beans???? Beans Chillie Kohlrabi Ginger?????? Potato Carrot Swede Turnip Onion Beetroot Parsnip Radish Shallot Spring Onion Leek Celery Asparagus Artichoke Tomato Cabbage Kale Broccoli Brussels-Sprouts Cauliflower Watercress Lettuce Garlic Sweet Corn Aubergine-Eggplant Marrow Cucumber Courgette-Zucchini Gherkin Squash Mushroom Parsley Sweet-Pepper Peas Runner-Bean Green-Bean Kohlrabi Ginger 6
R. Clive Hilton April 2005 Loughborough, U.K. ( Revised: November 2018 ) I am delighted that this article is used in several overseas universities, in China and elsewhere, as an English teaching aid. When using all or part of the article, please make reference to the author: Clive Hilton. Thankyou Any Questions? Contact me: wrinkly_frog@yahoo.co.uk and openhouse.loughborough.uk@gmail.com 7