Residue Decline Curves for Blueberries and Raspberries or How To Meet MRLs in Export Markets Alan Schreiber and Tom Walters Agriculture Development Group, Inc. Eltopia, Washington An independent, private agricultural research and information service
MRLs for our Trading Partners for 16 Commonly Used Blueberry Pesticides Two kinds of MRL issues. Active Ingredient Brand Name Australia Canada Codex European Union Japan Korea Taiwan United States Azoxystrobin Abound 5 3 5 5 5 1 5 5 Bifenthrin Tundra 3 0.1-0.05 2 0.3 1 1.8 Boscalid Pristine (Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin) 15 6 10 10 10 5 10 13 Captan Captan 80 WDG 20 5 20 15 20 20 20 20 Chlorothalonil Equus 10 0.6-0.01 1 1 0.7 1 Cyprodinil Switch 62.5WG (Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil) 3 4 10 5 5 1 3 3 Diazinon Diazinon 50 Wp 0.5 0.1-0.01 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 Fenbuconazole Indar 2F 0.3 0.3 0.5 1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 Fenpropathrin Danitol - 3-0.01 5 0.5 3 3 Fludioxonil Switch 62.5WG (Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Imidacloprid Advise 2FL 0.1 3.5 5 5 4 0.3 1 3.5 Iprodione Rovral 12 0.1-10 15 10 5 15 Malathion Malathion 8 Aquamul 2 8 10 0.02 10 10 0.01 8 Methomyl Lannate SP 2 6-0.02 1 1 2 6 Pyraclostrobin Pristine (Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin) 5 3.5 4 4 4 4 1 4 Zeta-Cypermethrin Mustang Max 0.5 0.1-0.05 0.5 2 2 0.8
Generating Fungicide Residue Decline Curves for Blueberries The theory is if we apply fungicides in a manner consiste with the label, sample fruit and have it tested by a good pesticide analytical lab you can generate a residue decline curve that will tell you have to meet MRLs of export market. For example, azoxystrobin (Abound) has a tolerance of 5 ppm, Canada has 3 ppm and Korea has 1 ppm. Hops, apples, pears, tree fruit, mint and blueberry insecticides have done this. WBC funded a project in 2016 for fungicides. WRRC funded a project in 2016 for fungicides (and insecticides).
Experimental Design Three locations Site one was Franklin (Duke), Site 2 was Whatcom (Bluecrop) and Site 3 was Skagit (Chandler). Industry representatives picked the products. Each location used the same products, same rate, same style of application equipment and tried to do every thing the same. Difference between locations just time of application, variety and local weather conditions.
Shipped to Synergistic Pesticide Lab. PDX OR
Abound 15.5 oz - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Azoxystrobin 5 5 3 5 5 5 1 5
½ of Pristine 23 oz - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Boscalid 13 15 6 15 10 10 5 10
2.5 quarts - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Captan 20 20 5 30 20 20 20 20
½ of Switch 14 oz - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Cyprodinil 3 3 4 3 NT=0 5 1 3
Elevate 1.5 oz - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Fenhexamid 5 5 4 15 5 5 5 5
½ of Switch 14 oz - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Fludioxonil 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Kenja 15.5 oz BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Isofetamid 5* NT=0 NT=0.1 NT=0 NT=0 NT=0.01 7 NT=0
2 pts - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Iprodione 15 12 NT=0.1 20 12 15 10 5
1/2 of Pristine 23 oz - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Pyraclostrobin 4 5 3.5 4 1 4 0.7 1
The WRRC funded a similar MRL project on red raspberry. It is important to compare the two trials-very interesting difference.
Raspberry MRL Project!!!!!!! Similar project as blueberries with a twist. Two trial locations, both in Whatcom County; off of Birch Bay Lynden Road and west of Everson. One location was Wakefield, the other was Meeker. Same products, same day, close to each other so same local conditions., same equipment, every was the same except for variety. In this trial, differences should largely be due to variety or the product involved.
Abound 15.5 oz - 0 RASPBERRY US AU CA JA KO TA Azoxystrobin 5 5 5 5 3 5
½ of Pristine 23 oz - 0 RASPBERRY US AU CA JA KO TA Boscalid 10 10 6 10 5 6
2 quarts - 0 RASPBERRY US AU CA JA KO TA Captan 25 30 5 20 5 20
½ of Switch 14 oz - 0 RASPBERRY US AU CA JA KO TA Cyprodinil 10 10 10 10 1 3
Elevate 1.5 lb - 0 RASPBERRY US AU CA JA KO TA Fenhexamid 20 20 20 15 15 0.01
RASPBERRY US AU CA JA KO TA Fenpyrazamine 5 NT=0 5 NT=0.01 2 NT=0
Tanos 10 oz - 0 RASPBERRY US AU CA JA KO TA Famoxadone 10 NT=0 10 10 2 0.01
½ Switch 14 oz - 0 RASPBERRY US AU CA JA KO TA Fludioxonil 5 5 7 5 5 5
Luna Tranquility RASPBERRY US AU CA JA KO TA Fluopyram 5 NT=0 5 3 3 NT=0
2 pts - 0 RASPBERRY US AU CA JA KO TA Iprodione 15 12 25 5 30 5
15.5 oz RASPBERRY US AU CA JA KO TA Isofetamid 4* NT=0 NT=0.1 NT=0.01 7 NT=0
½ of Pristine - 14 oz - 0 RASPBERRY US AU CA JA KO TA Pyraclostrobin 4 4 3.5 3 1 3
Scala RASPBERRY US AU CA JA KO TA Pyrimethanil 15 5 15 10 15 0.02
Iprodione curves for blueberry and raspberry
Comments from Synergistic Pesticide Lab As we work with a lot of growers and processors, we see lots of real world residues bound for overseas. Mostly see lots of Pristine and Switch in berries. After that, it would be Abound, Captan (blueberries), and Elevate. Blueberries are lucky to not have too many restrictions for export, especially if growers can wait to get into Taiwan, Hong Kong, or Korea. Based on this data for example, growers using Pristine need to wait 5 days to get into HK/TA and 7 days for KO due to the pyraclostrobin residues. Likewise, growers using Switch need to wait 3 day to get to KO and should not use at all if going to HK because of cyprodinil (Switch). Could be 10 days to go to KO if they use Abound. Raspberry growers have it much worse. Taiwan is a bear with several residues to avoid; Korea is tough, again due to pyraclostrobin and cyprodinil (Switch). Interesting first year of data. Look forward to adding to it. Btw, I should let you know that Tom Walters was great to work with. Very professional with great communication, not to mention his samples showed up in great shape!
Summary Very encouraging first year of data. Rarely do we get to see such a great data set as we saw in the raspberry data. While this is great and encouraging data, it is dangerous to rely on a single year data. At least one more year of data is needed for raspberry. Two more years needed for blueberries. I am hearing of violative detections of herbicides. May want to include herbicides in this project. More work is needed.