FOLKLORE MAGAZINE SMALL EXPLORERS IN A MAGIC WORLD OF THE EUROPEAN FOLK CULTURE

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FOLKLORE MAGAZINE SMALL EXPLORERS IN A MAGIC WORLD OF THE EUROPEAN FOLK CULTURE MAŽIEJI TYRINĖTOJAI STEBUKLINGAME EUROPOS LIAUDIES KULTŪROS PASAULYJE. VILNIAUS RAJONO RAKONIŲ PAGRINDINĖ MOKYKLA No 6/2017 Welcome friends! Here is the sixth issue of our Folklore Magazine. This time we are going to tell you about the folk culture of Poland. Sveiki draugai! Tai jau šeštas mūsų žurnalo leidinys. Šį kartą ketiname pristatyti Lenkijos tautinę kultūrą. Poland is located in Central Europe. Seven countries share a border with Poland. On the north it is bordered by Russia and Lithuania; on the east by Belarus and Ukraine; on the south by Slovakia and the Czech Republic; and on the west by Germany. It covers 312,680 square kilometres. Poland is a beautiful country which has great forests and rivers, broad plains, and tall mountains. The country's population is 38 million. Poland's capital and largest city is Warsaw. Polish currency is złoty. Lenkija yra Vidurio Europos valstybė. Net septynios šalys ribojasi su Lenkija. Vakaruose ribojasi su Vokietija, pietuose su Čekija ir Slovakija, rytuose su Ukraina ir Baltarusija, šiaurėje su Lietuva ir Rusijos Federacijai priklausančia Kaliningrado sritimi bei Baltojis jūra. Ji apima 312.680 kvadratinių kilometrų. Lenkija yra labai graži šalis, užburianti savo vaizdingo kraštovaizdžio įvairove. Kraštas gausus miškais ir upėmis, plačiomis lygumomis ir aukštais kalnais. Šalies gyventojų - 38 mln. Lenkijos sostinė ir didžiausias miestas yra Varšuva. Lenkijos zlotas yra oficialioji valiuta.

POLISH FOLK COSTUMES LENKŲ TAUTINIS KOSTIUMAS Traditional Polish folk costumes vary by region. They are typically brightly coloured and decorated with embroidery. Folk costumes are worn for special occasions, like folk festivals, weddings, and religious holidays. Lenkijoje tautiniai kostiumai yra skirstomi pagal regionus. Juose dominuoja ryškios spalvos, taip pat gausu siuvinėjimų. Liaudies kostiumai dėvimi ypatingomis progomis: festivaliuose, vestuvėse ir religinėse šventėse. POLISH FOLK MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS LENKŲ LIAUDIES MUZIKOS INSTRUMENTAI Instruments that are traditionally used to perform folk music in Poland: Čia pateikiami tradiciniai lenkų liaudies muzikos instrumentai. ACCORDION KOZA MAZANKA SUKA TAMBOURINE

POLISH FOLK DANCES LENKŲ LIAUDIES ŠOKIAI Polish folk dances are lively, energetic, and joyful. Hops, twirls, and athletic movements are common. Many dances involve a circle. The Polish national dances are the Krakowiak, Kujawiak, Mazurek, Oberek and Polonaise. Lenkijos tautos šokiai yra labai gyvi, judrūs ir linksmi. Juos visus jungia ritmas, greitas tempas ir energingi judesiai. Dažniausia šokama ratu. Lenkų tautiniai šokiai yra Krakoviakas, Kujaviakas, Mazurka, Oberekas ir Polonezas. The Krakowiak is one of the most popular and characteristic Polish folk dances, with its very lively tempo and long easy strides. It is danced in groups. The steps include shuffling, running, and heel clicking. Krakoviakas vienas populiariausiu lenkų liaudies šokiu, kuriam būdingas gyvas tempas, išdidi laikysena, sudaužimas kulnais, sutrepsėjimai. Jis šokamas poromis. The Kujawiak is a beautiful romantic slow dance. It usually involves couples walking gracefully on slightly bended knees, with relaxed turns and gently swaying. Kujaviakas lėtas ir romantiškas šokis, kuriam būdingas švelnus ir grakštus tempas, kuris atpalaiduoja.

The Mazurek is a very energetic dance for a circle of couples, characterized by stamping feet and clicking heels. Mazurka labai senas ir energingas šokis, tempas greitas, ritmas sinkopinis; šokama poromis, ratu, daug sudaužimų kulnais, sutrepsėjimų. The Oberek is faster than the Mazurek. It is the fastest of the Polish folk dances. "Oberek" means "to spin". It is danced by couples who are placed on a circle and rotate both around the whole circle and around their own axis. This dance consists of many lifts and jumps. Oberekas tai Mazurkos atmaina, tik šokamas gyviau ir energingiau. Šis šokis atliekamas ratu, sukamasi aplink savo ašį, su šuoliais, pritariant daina. The last of the Polish traditional folk dances is the elegant Polonaise, a ballroom dance danced at the opening of the evening. The partners do not face each other, but rather walk to the music around the dance hall with gliding steps accented by bending the knees slightly on every third step. Dancing the polonaise requires a straight, upright posture with no hip movements, smooth and elegant hand gestures, and the head held high, with pride. Polonezas tradicinis ir pramoginis, iškilmingas ir elegantiškas lenkų tautinis šokis. Šis šokis susiformavęs iš liaudies vaikštynių, tempas vidutinis; šokamas poromis, vaikščiojama; takto pabaigoje pritupiama. Jam būdingas išdidi laikysena ir išdidūs, grakštūs judesiai. Jis yra paplitęs vakarų šalyse. Polonezu pradedamos puotos, pokyliai ir kitos iškilmės. TRADITIONAL POLISH FOOD TRADICINĖ LENKŲ VIRTUVĖ Traditional Polish food is rich in various kinds of meat, especially pork, chicken and beef. Soups are very popular, made with vegetables, broth, beets, and many other ingredients. Vegetables are in common use, among which cabbage is probably the most famous. Polish cuisine includes different kinds of dumplings and noodles. Traditional polish food is also famous for its freshly baked bread and delicious sausages (kielbasa). Tipiški lenkų virtuvės patiekalai yra labai sotūs, dažnai ruošiami su mėsa (kiauliena, vištiena ir jautiena). Lenkijoje labai populiarios daržovių sriubos, su įvairiais ingredientais bei sultiniai. Labiausiai naudojama daržovė - tai patiekalai iš kopūstų. Taip pat yra pamėgti miltiniai konditerijos gaminiai: virtiniai ir makaronai. Tradicinė lenkų virtuvė garsėja savo šviežiai kepta duona ir skaniomis dešromis.

Meals usually started with a soup. Żurek is a traditional Polish soup. A distinctive feature of this exclusive food is its sour taste. The taste of this Polish soup comes from zakwas which is used for the soup base. Zakwas is made from fermented rye flour, similar to the one which is a base for baking bread. Compulsory additions to żurek soup are hard-boiled eggs and white sausage. Pietūs pradedami sriuba. Žurek yra tradicinė lenkų sriuba. Jos pagrindu yra specialus rūginių miltų raugas, suteikiantis sriubai jam būdingą rūgštų skonį. Sriuba paduodama su virtu kiaušiniu ir dešros gabaliukais. Bigos is a very traditional Polish stewed dish and its basic ingredients are sauerkraut, fresh cabbage (sometimes used only sauerkraut), various types of meat and sausages, onions and spices. Bigosas - tradicinis senovinis lenkų patiekalas iš raugintų ir šviežių kopūstų, troškintų su įvairiomis mėsomis, svogūnais ir prieskoniais. The well-known Polish dumplings called pierogi are one of national dishes and for sure one of the best recognizable Polish food. Pierogi are made of thinly rolled-out dough filled with a variety of fillings. The most popular fillings are meat, sauerkraut and mushrooms. There are also sweet

pierogi with a filling made from a sweet curd cheese or fresh fruit like bilberries, strawberries or cherries. They can be either boiled or fried. Virtiniai tai lenkų virtuvės nacionalinis patiekalas, turintis savo gilias tradicijas. Virtiniai yra gaminami iš miltų su įvairiais įdarais: mėsa, raugintais kopūstais ir grybais. Taip pat yra patiekiami saldūs virtiniai su varške ir šviežiomis uogomis: mėlynėmis, braškėmis ar vyšniomis. Jie yra verdami arba kepami. Makowiec is one of the most traditional Polish desserts. It is a yeast cake filled with poppy-seeds, traditionally served at Christmas and Easter. Makowiec (aguonų pyragas) yra laikomas vienas iš populiariausių Lenkijos desertų. Tai mielinės tešlos pyragas su aguonų įdaru, tradiciškai patiekiamas per Kalėdas ir Velykas.