Shrubs: American Cranberrybush...2 American Hazelnut...3 Arrowwood...4 Black Chokeberry...5 Blue Arctic Willow...6 Common Ninebark...7 Common Purple Lilac...8 Flame Willow...9 Highbush Cranberry...10 Juneberry/Serviceberry...11 Nanking Cherry...12 Nannyberry...13 Persian Lilac...14 Redosier Dogwood...15 Small Trees: Native American Plum...16 Apricot...17 Canada Red Cherry...18 Common Chokecherry...19 Harbin Pear...20 Hickory...21 Mountain Ash...22 Pin Cherry...23 Pussy Willow...24 Red Splendor Crabapple...25 Washington Hawthorn...26 Large Trees: Black Cherry...27 Black Walnut...28 Butternut...29 Green Ash...30 Hackberry...31 Hybrid Poplar...32 Little Leaf Linden...33 Paper Birch...34 Red Maple...35 Red Oak...36 River Birch...37 Silver (Soft) Maple...38 Siouxland Cottonwood...39 Siouxland Poplar...40 Sugar Maple...41 White Ash...42 White Oak...43 Whitespire Birch...44 Evergreen: American Arborvitae...45 Austrian Pine...46 Balsam Fir...47 Black Hills Spruce...48 Colorado Spruce...49 Concolor Fir...50 Eastern Red Cedar...51 Norway Pine...52 Ponderosa Pine...53 Scotch Pine...54 Tamarack...55 White Cedar...56 White Pine...57
American Cranberrybush Hardiness Zones: 2 to 7 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Does well in full sun, partial shade. Soil: The American Cranberrybush grows in acidic, loamy, moist, rich, sandy, silty loam, well drained, wet soils. Form: Rounded shape. Height: 8 to 12 feet Width: 8 to 12feet Flower/Fruit: Showy, snow-white, flat-topped flowers are 3"-4 1/2" in diameter that bloom in mid to late May. Beginning in September, bright red fruits serve as food for birds and wildlife. Comments: Excellent fall foliage color which may be yellow, red, orange or burgundy is just one of the many attributes of this large and attractive native shrub. 2
American Hazelnut Hardiness Zones: 4 to 9 Growth Rate: Medium to Fast Site Requirements: Multi-stemmed shrub with a rounded top and an open, often wide-spreading base. Because of its size, it adapts well to naturalizing and other nonformal areas. Soil: The American Hazelnut grows in acidic, alkaline, drought tolerant, loamy, moist, rich, sandy, well drained, wide range, clay soils. Form: Rounded shape. Height: 15 to 18 feet Width: 10 to 12 feet Flower/Fruit: It bears annual, abundant crops of small, sweet tasting nuts. It will bear in 2-3 years after planting. The nuts are easy to crack and drop free of the husk when mature. (Plant multiple trees with the same flowering time to ensure pollination) Comments: The nuts produced by American hazelnut are a preferred by squirrels, deer, turkey, woodpeckers, pheasants, grouse, quail, and jay. The male catkins are a food staple of ruffed grouse throughout the winter. 3
Arrowwood Hardiness Zones: 3 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Moist, well drained, not tolerant of drought. Full-partial sun. Soil: Prefers acidic soils but adapts well to a variety of soils. Form: Multi-stemmed with dense, upright arching trunks. Height: 6 to 10 feet Width: 6 to 15 feet Flower/Fruit: White creamy flowers. Birds like the fruit. Comments: The fruits of trees related to this species are used to produce jam. 4
Black Chokeberry Hardiness Zones: 3 to 8 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Full sun to partial shade Soil: Easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soil. Tolerant of wide range of soils, including both dry and boggy soils. Form: Black chokeberry is an open, upright, spreading, somewhat rounded but leggy, Height: 3 to 6 feet Width: 3 to 6 feet Flower/Fruit: White flowers in spring which are followed in early autumn by blackish purple, blueberry-sized fruits which usually do not persist into winter. Comments: Although technically edible, the fruits are extremely tart and bitter, and are not recommended for eating off the bush (hence the common name of chokeberry), but may be used for making tasty jams and jellies. 5
Blue Arctic Willow Hardiness Zones: 3 to 6 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Performs best in full sun, wet site or dry site tolerant Soil: Moist to wet soils of average fertility; very adaptable to poor soils, soils of various Form: Upright oval growth habit in youth, quickly becoming rounded and spreading with age Height: 5 to 8 feet Width: 4 to 6 feet Flower/Fruit: Light green to greenish-yellow, in late April and early May. Insignificant fruits containing small seeds occur on female plants Comments: Group planting excellent when used near bodies of water, as a hedge or deciduous screen, on embankments for erosion control 6
Common Ninebark Hardiness Zones: 2-8 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Grows well in full to partial sun in well drained sandy loam to clay soils. Soil: Wide variety. Form: Rounded Height: 5 to 10 feet Width: 5 to 10 feet Flower/Fruit: Lobed leaves 3-4 inches long. Clusters (umbels) of small white flowers that develop into red fruit in the fall, which provide food for wildlife and winter interest in the garden. Blooms May through June. Comments: The name ninebark is said to be inspired by the way that the bark splits, forming layers of strips on the stem. Perhaps there were nine strips present when this name was formed. 7
Common Purple Lilac Hardiness Zones: 2 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Full sun. Drought tolerant, does not withstand ponding. Soil: Adapted to a wide variety of soils. Form: A medium to large hardy shrub with stout, spreading branches developing a somewhat oval to irregularly rounded crown. Height: 8 to 12 feet Width: 6 to 12 feet Flower/Fruit: Showy, fragrant flowers. Comments: Fair wildlife value. Spreads by suckering. 8
Flame Willow Hardiness Zones: 3 to 6 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Full sun to light shade. Must have ample water and moist soil. Soil: Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions. Form: Rounded Height: 10 to 20 feet Width: 15 to 20 feet Flower/Fruit: Not applicable Comments: A beautiful specimen by water, but don't plant this tree anywhere near a septic system and its lines or you and the Roto-Rooter man will know each other on a first name basis. 9
Highbush Cranberry Hardiness Zones: 2 to 9 Habit: A deciduous shrub dense, rounded crown. Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Prefers partial shade or partial sun to full sun. Fair drought resistance. Soil: Moist, well-drained soil; suffers with excess moisture. Form: Rounded Height: 8 to 12 feet Width: 8 to 12 feet Flower/Fruit: White flowers blooming in early June. Edible red drupe maturing in September. Comments: Excellent wildlife value. Foliage comes out with a tinge of red in the spring. 10
Juneberry/Serviceberry Hardiness Zones: 2 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Full to partial sunlight. Poor drought tolerance. Does not withstand ponding. Soil: Prefers moist loams. High organic matter. Form: Hardy, medium to tall upright shrub. Height: 6 to 15 feet Width: 5 to 12 feet Flower/Fruit: White berries. High quality wildlife food. Comments: Excellent Wildlife Value. Good for screen planting and landscape borders. 11
Nanking Cherry Hardiness Zones: 3 to7 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Full Sun Soil: The Nanking cherry prefers well drained soil, but will tolerate drought and grows under semiarid conditions. Form: The Nanking cherry is an upright, rounded, broad-spreading dense shrub becoming more open and irregular with age Height: 6 to 10 feet Width: 15 feet Flower/Fruit: Pinkish buds change to pale pink to white, 3/4" fragrant flowers. The edible fruits are scarlet, 1/3" across, nearly round ripening in June to August. Comments: The shrub provides habitat and the fruit attract birds and other wildlife. 12
Nannyberry Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7 Growth Rate: Moderate to rapid Site Requirements: Although quite shade-tolerant, it achieves relatively larger size in more open areas. Soil: Adaptable to a wide range of sites, but is commonly found natively in moist areas with rich loam to clay-loam soil, such as low woods, swamp borders, or near stream banks. Form: Irregular to rounded crown. Height: 20 to 25 feet Width: 8 to 10 feet Flower/Fruit: Small, creamy-white appear May - June. The berry-like fruits are blue-black and form hanging clusters from July - September. Comments: Shade-tolerant, understory species useful in landscape plantings as shrub borders, taller barriers, hedges, and windbreaks. It produces good seasonal displays of flowers, fruits, and fall leaf color. T he fruits are sweet and edible and are eaten by many species of birds and wildlife. 13
Persian Lilac Hardiness Zones: 4 to 7 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Sun to partial shade; well-drained soil. Soil: Widely adaptable Form: Upright; slightly arching branches. Height: 4 to 8 feet Width: 8 to 12 feet Flower/Fruit: Pale lilac flowers on 2 to 3" panicles on previous season's growth; fragrant. Comments: Very susceptible to mildew; prune to keep center open. 14
Redosier Dogwood Hardiness Zones: 2 to 8 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full to partial sun. Poor drought resistance. Soil: Adaptable to a variety of soils. Prefers wet to moist loamy soils. Form: Small to medium sized shrub with numerous stems forming thickets up to 15 feet tall. Height: 7 to 10 feet Width: 10 to 15 feet Flower/Fruit: Small, dull white in flat top cluster; Dull white, 1/4 to 1/3 inch in diameter in rounded clusters. Comments: Excellent wildlife value. 15
American Plum Hardiness Zones: 3 to 9 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full Sun. Moderate drought resistance. Soil: Adaptable to wide variety of soil types / well drained. Form: Often grown as a shrub but can be grown as a tree; thicket forming; spreading branches; broad crown; thorn like side branches. Height: 12 to 20 feet Width: 12 to 20 feet Flower/Fruit: White, fragrant flowers in early spring; rounded 1" red or yellow fruit in mid summer. Comments: Very good wildlife value. Native; thrives with neglect. 16
Apricot Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Grows best in full sun Soil: This tree requires moist, well drained soil and is not drought tolerant. Grows in sandy well drained soils as well. Form: Apricots are small to medium sized trees with spreading canopies. They are generally kept under 12' in cultivation, but capable of reaching 45 ft in their native range. Height: 15 to 25 feet Width: 15 to 20 feet Flower/Fruit: A landscape tree with attractive leaves and pink or white flowers, Large, smooth, orange-gold skin, orange flesh fruit. Comments: Because the Apricot Tree blooms so early, you ll be able to start picking loads of fresh apricots early in the summer. 17
Canada Red Cherry Hardiness Zones: 2 to 6 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Grow well in alkaline soil, extremely hardy and drought tolerant. Prefers full to partial sun and is upright and spreading. Soil: Well drained loams Height: 20 to 25 feet Width: 18 to 25 feet Flower/Fruit: Clusters of white flowers in spring. The berries are maroon colored and quite juicy with a sweet flavor when ripe. Comments: Good wildlife value. Vigorous growth. Berries when ripe can be used for jellies, jams and wine. 18
Common Chokecherry Hardiness Zones: 2 to 6 Growth Rate: Moderate to rapid Site Requirements: Full to partial sun. Extremely adaptable, drought tolerant. Soil: Prefers moist to dry loams. Form: Oval rounded crown; crooked stems; dense. Height: 20 to 30 feet Width: 10 to 20 feet Flower/Fruit: White flowers in spring; red fruit turns black. Comments: One of the most important plants for wildlife food and cover. Seeds in large quantities are poisonous to humans and should not be eaten by children. 19
Harbin Pear Hardiness Zones: 3 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Full sun Soil: Prefers well drained clay loam to sandy loam soils. Form: The habit is dense and upright, becoming rounded, with conspicuous spurs. Height: 15 to 30 feet Width: 15 to 20 feet Flower/Fruit: Flowers are 1 1/3 inches in diameter, pinkish buds opening to white flowers, in late spring. The fruit is round and greenish-yellow in color. Comments: Used for food by a wide variety of birds and mammals. Nesting site for songbirds. 20
Hickory Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: The shagbark hickory grows well in both dry and wet soil conditions, but prefers well-drained soils. Soil: Hickory is often very common on clayey soils. Form: Tall, narrow crown. Height: 20 feet Width: 40 feet Flower/Fruit: A nut that is oval in shape and has an outer husk that splits into four sections when ripe, revealing the single, white, thin-shelled nut whose sweet kernel is edible. Comments: Shagbarks are commonly found in association with oak trees. Use the nuts in baked goods, cookies, cakes, salads and game dishes in early August until the supply is gone. 21
Mountain Ash Hardiness Zones: 2 to 6 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Sun; range of soil types; dislikes dry soil. Soil: Moist soils Form: Short trunk with spreading branches; narrow open rounded crown with age. Height: 10 to 30 feet Width: 15 feet Flower/Fruit: White flowers; bright red to orange red berries in fall that last into the winter. Comments: Native; short lived; fruit attracts birds. 22
Pin Cherry Hardiness Zones: 3 to 9 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full Sun. Soil: Pin Cherry is adaptable in a wide variety of soil conditions. Form: Pyramidal shape. Height: 5 to 15 feet Width: 5 to 10 feet Flower/Fruit: Small and white in flat-topped clusters of 5 to 7. Small, round, bright red cherries, with a sour-tasting flesh. Comments: Pin cherry responds well to clipping and/or browsing. Pin Cherry generally does well under moderate to heavy browsing. 23
Pussy Willow Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full Sun. Soil: Very adaptable to a wide range of soil types, grows in acidic, loamy, moist, rich, well drained soils. Form: This willow has oval shape. Height: 15 to 25 feet Width: 12 to 25 feet Flower/Fruit: Purplish-brown catkins that appear in March. Comments: The pussy willow has long been admired for its strong, spreading, upright stems, colorful autumn leaves. 24
Red Splendor Crabapple Hardiness Zones: 3 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Full to partial sun. Moderate drought tolerance. Soil: Heavy loams, adaptable. Form: Tall and spreading Height: 20 to 30 feet Width: 15 to 25 feet Flower/Fruit: Bright red 1/2 inch fruit. Comments: Crabapples provide fair cover and high quality fruit and browse for many birds and mammals. Rodents and rabbits can destroy trees by girdling the stem or trunk. 25
Washington Hawthorn Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Full Sun. Soil: grows in acidic, alkaline, drought tolerant, loamy, moist, sandy, well drained, wet, wide range, clay soils. Form: Washington Hawthorn has pyramidal shape. Height: 25 to 30 feet Width: 25 feet Flower/Fruit: White flowers in early June start the color show. This tree produces a bright red fruit 1/4" in diameter. Very attractive to birds, with little or no litter as a result. Comments: Produces abundant fruit which are eaten by birds & mammals. It is important nectar plant for bees. 26
Black Cherry Hardiness Zones: 5 to 7 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Full sun Soil: Prefers light, sandy soil but grows in moist, well drained soil. Form: Pyramidal shape Height: 12 to 30 feet Width: 12 to 15 feet Flower/Fruit: White flowers with fruit Heart shaped about 1" in diameter and usually purplish black, but occasionally red depending upon the site. Flesh is dark red, thick, tender, juicy and sweet with a smooth stone that separates easily. It bears early, ripening from mid-june to early July depending upon the location. Comments: Cherries are eaten by a variety of birds and mammals. The leaves and branches are browsed. 27
Black Walnut Hardiness Zones: 4 to 9 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Full sun Soil: Acidic, alkaline, loamy, moist, rich, sandy, well drained, wet, wide range, clay soils. Form: Rounded Height: 50 to 75 feet Width: 50 to 75 feet Flower/Fruit: The fruit consists of three layers: the round green fleshy husk borne singly or in clusters of 2-3, a black, hard, thick corrugated, shell, and a kernel with a rich, oily flavor. Walnut trees produce nuts in 12-15 years. They are harvested in early autumn. Comments: Native Americans and early settlers used it for food, dyes, ink, medicine, fence posts, gun stocks, and furniture. Today black walnut wood is highly prized for paneling and furniture and the nuts for food. 28
Butternut Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Full sun Soil: Grows in acidic, alkaline, loamy, moist, rich, sandy, silty loam, well drained, wet, wide range, clay soils. Form: Rounded shape. Height: 40 to 60 feet Width: 35 to 50 feet Flower/Fruit: A tapered. oblong, 1 1/2"-2 1/2" fruit covered with sticky hairs encloses a brown, corrugated, thick, 1"-1 1/2" shell that terminates in a point. The oval kernel is tender with sweet, oily, buttery flavor. Nut production occurs in 7-10 years. Harvested in late October. Comments: A North American native, the nut has a rich, buttery flavor used in baking, confections, and eating fresh. The attractive, light golden wood is used for paneling and furniture. 29
Green Ash Hardiness Zones: 3 to 9 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full Sun. Moderate drought tolerance. Soil: Very adaptable to a wide range of soil types (organic, clay, sandy, or rocky). Form: A medium-sized tree with an irregular crown. Height: 35 to 65 feet Width: 30 to 40 feet Flower/Fruit: Elongated, winged, single-seeded samara borne in clusters; large seed crops produced each year. Comments: Excellent wildlife value. Noted for being extremely tolerant to many types of environmental stresses. 30
Hackberry Hardness Zones: 3 to 9 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Hackberry grows naturally in moist bottomland soil, but will grow rapidly in a variety of soil types from moist, fertile soils to hot, dry, rocky locations in the full sun. Soil: Clay; loam; sand; acidic; alkaline; extended flooding; well-drained. Form: Moderate, round vase shaped. Height: 45 to 80 feet Width: 40 to 60 feet Flower/Fruit: Black, purple, and red - round and fleshy. Comments: Hackberry is planted as a street tree in Midwestern cities because of its tolerance to a wide range of soil and moisture conditions. 31
Hybrid Poplar Hardiness Zones: 3 to 9 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full sun Soil: Grows in acidic, alkaline, wet soils. Form: Oval Height: 40 to 50 feet Width: 30 feet Flower/Fruit: Green catkins Comments: Their claim to fame is speed. Growth of 5 to 8 feet per year is not uncommon, which makes this tree a good choice for quick shade on a vacant lot or for suburban firewood groves. 32
Littleleaf Linden Hardness Zones: 3 to 7 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: The tree grows in sun or partial shade, will tolerate alkaline soil if it is moist, and it transplants well. It is not particularly tolerant of drought, scorching at the leaf margins in summer drought. But this apparently does little long-term harm. Many communities plant Linden along the streets due to its rapid growth rate and dense, symmetrical crown but Littleleaf Linden is sensitive to road salt. Soil: The Littleleaf Linden grows in acidic, alkaline, moist, rich, sandy, well drained, wet, clay soils. Form: This linden has oval, pyramidal shape. Height: 50 to 60 feet Width: 40 feet Flower/Fruit: This tree produces bright yellow flowers that are very fragrant and attractive against the dark green leaves. The fruit of this Linden is similar to a peppercorn in size and shape and is light tan in color. Comments: The lumber from the Linden is light and strong, often used for wooden spoons and other utensils and in inexpensive furniture. 33
Paper Birch Hardiness Zones: 2 to 7 Growth Rate: Moderate to fast Site Requirements: Full sun and partial shade. Soil: Grows in acidic, loamy, moist, sandy, well drained, clay soils. Form: Oval shape Height: 50 to 70 feet Width: 35 feet Flower/Fruit: Flowers are brown or green and bloom in April to May. The fruit is elongated, 1 to 3 inches, brown, attractive to wildlife. Comments: The Paper Birch tree is steeped in the romance of the north woods, most notably for the use of its bark in canoe construction, as a fire-starter, and as a bearer of messages. 34
Red Maple Hardiness Zones: 3 to 9 Growth Rate: Moderate to fast Site Requirements: Full sun Soil: Grows in acidic, loamy, moist, rich, sandy, silty loam, well drained, wet, clay soils. Form: Has oval, rounded, upright or erect shape. Height: 40 to 60 feet Width: 40 feet Flower/Fruit: The dense red or sometimes yellow clusters of small flowers are a dependable harbinger of spring. Winter to spring. This tree produces twin seeds bound at their tips to a long, drooping stem. Attached to the seeds are wings up to 1 inch long and 1/4 inch wide. The seeds ripen in late spring instead of fall like other maple trees. Comments: The Red Maple is one of the best named of all trees. There is something red in all seasons - buds in winter, flowers in spring, leafstalks in summer and brilliant foliage in autumn. 35
Red Oak Hardiness Zones: 3 to 8 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full Sun Soil: Well drained soils but tolerates drought. Form: Symmetrically rounded, top can flatten with age. Height: 60 to 75 feet Width: 45 feet Leaf: Simple, 5 to 8 inches long, oblong in shape with 7 to 11 bristle-tipped lobes. Flower/Fruit:.7 to 1" acorn Comments: Easy to Transplant 36
River Birch Hardiness Zones: 4 to 9 Growth Rate: Moderate to fast Site Requirements: Full sun Soil: Acidic, loamy, moist, sandy, well drained, wet, wide range, clay soils. Form: Oval, pyramidal, upright or erect shape. Height: 40 to 70 feet Width: 40 to 60 feet Flower/Fruit: Flowers are brown or green. The flowers bloom in April to May. The fruit is elongated, 1 to 3 inches long. Comments: The River Birch has become a popular landscape tree because of its distinctive bark and graceful crown. 37
Silver Maple Hardness Zones: 3 to 9 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Very fast-growing. Leaves are green on top and silvery-white on the underside, shimmering and dancing in the breeze. Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions. Because of a vigorous root system, plant 10' or more from sidewalks, drives, foundations, and sewer lines. Soil: Tolerant of wide range of soil types, but prefers deep, moist, acid sites. Form: This maple has vase shape. Height: 50 to 80 feet Width: 35 to 50 feet Flower/Fruit: The fruit is elongated, 1-2 inches long, green to brown in color. Comments: The buds of the Silver Maple are eaten by squirrels in early spring. It also provides nesting sites for ducks and other birds. Beavers find the trees delicious. 38
Siouxland Cottonwood Hardiness Zones: 3 to 8 Growth Rate: Extremely Fast Site Requirements: Full sun Soil: Loam to sands Form: Pyramidal in youth; broad vase with open branches with age; becomes ragged and irregular. Height: 80 to 100 feet Width: 40 to 75 feet Flower/Fruit: Non-showy flowers; cottony mass. Comments: Easy to transplant; lifespan of roughly 70 years; messy tree; brittle wood. 39
Siouxland Poplar Hardness Zones: 3 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Full sun Soil: Loam to sands Form: Rounded Height: 70 to 90 feet Width: 40 feet Flower/Fruit: Seedless Comments: This disease resistant cottonless poplar has larger foliage then common cottonwood. 40
Sugar Maple Hardiness Zones: 3 to 8 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Sun to partial shade; prefers evenly moist, well drained soil. Soil: Rich, moderately deep soils having even moisture coupled with good drainage. Form: Conical to round crown; dense foliage. Height: 50 to 75 feet Width: 40 to 50 feet Flower/Fruit: Small greenish yellow flowers in early spring. Comments: Does not do well in a restricted root zone tolerates shade better than most maples; leaf scorch may develop with drought. 41
White Ash Hardiness Zones: 3 and 4 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full Sun; salt tolerant, not drought tolerant. Soil: Rich, well drained Form: Upright, oval form Height: 40 to 70 feet Width: 40 to 50 feet Flower/Fruit: Seeds Comments: Native \ 42
White Oak Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Partial shade to sun. Soil: Wet, moist or dry. Form: Majestic and wide spreading. Needs a lot of space. Height: 100 feet Width: 50 to 80 feet Flower/Fruit: Acorns Comments: Acorns from this tree provide food for many animals. 43
Whitespire Birch Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Full to partial sun Soil: Wide Variety Form: Pyramidal Height: 30 to 40 feet Width: 20 to 25 feet Flower/Fruit: N/A Comments: A wonderful birch tree selection with snowy white bark and good fall color. 44
American Arborvitae Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7 Growth Rate: Slow to moderate Site Requirements: Full sun Soil: The American Arborvitae grows in acidic, drought tolerant, loamy, moist, rich, sandy, silty loam, well drained, wet, wide range, clay soils. Form: Pyramidal shape Height: 40 to 60 feet Width: 10 to 15 feet Flower/Fruit: Cone Comments: Providing shelter in the winter and nesting sites for grackles, robins and house finches in the summer, this evergreen also provides food in the form of browse for deer, cottontail rabbits, snowshoe hares and occasionally moose. The seeds are eaten by red squirrels, and birds. 45
Austrian Pine Hardiness Zones: 3 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Full sun, one of the more adaptable pines. Soil: Moist, well-drained. Salt tolerant. Form: Dense pyramid when young, develops picturesque spreading crown when mature. Height: 40 to 60 feet Width: 20 to 40 feet Flower/Fruit: Cone Comments: Hardy and tolerant. 46
Balsam Fir Hardiness Zones: 3 to 5 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Full sun Soil: Range from silt loams developed from lake deposits to stony loams derived from glacial till. Fir will grow, but comparatively slowly, on gravelly sands and in peat bogs. Form: The Balsam fir has a wide base and a narrow top that ends in a slender, spire like top. Height: 40 to 60 feet Width: 20 to 25 feet Flower/Fruit: Both male and female flowers are found on the same branch. Cones are 2 to 4 inches long, purplish in color, and stand erect on branches. Comments: Moose and whitetail deer browse the foliage, while chickadees, nutcrackers, squirrels and porcupines eat the seeds. The spruce grouse uses fir forests for cover and obtains food from the needles. 47
Black Hills Spruce Hardiness Zones: 2 to 5 Growth Rate: Slow to moderate Site Requirements: Full Sun. Moderate drought tolerance. Soil: Moist, well-drained loams. Form: Conical; spire like Height: 40 to 60 feet Width: 15 to 25 feet Flower/Fruit:.75 to 1" purplish cones; mature to brown in fall. Comments: Excellent wildlife value. Used for Christmas trees and make excellent farmstead windbreaks. 48
Colorado Spruce Hardiness Zones: 2 to 7 Growth Rate: Extremely slow growing Site Requirements: Full sun. Drought Tolerant. Soil: Prefers moist to well drained loams but will tolerate dry conditions. Form: Dense, narrow pyramidal with stiff horizontal branches. Height: 30 to 90 feet Width: 15 to 25 feet Flower/Fruit: 2 to 4 inch cones. Comments: More drought tolerant than other spruces; poor heat tolerance. Excellent for wildlife cover and windbreaks. 49
Concolor Fir Hardiness Zones: 4 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Full Sun, can withstand light shade. Soil: Deep, rich, moist soil. Does not tolerate heavy clay soil. Form: Pyramidal Height: 25 to 40 feet Width: 15 to 25 feet Flower/Fruit: Cones Comments: Well adapted to hot, dry summers. 50
Eastern Red Cedar Hardiness Zones: 2 to 9 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Grows best in full sun. Soil: This tree requires does well in moist, well drained soil and is drought tolerant. This tree grows in sandy; silt loam well drained soils as well, or wide ranges of clay soils. Form: Dense pyramid shape excellent for windbreaks and screens. Birds love its berries. Medium green foliage. Height: 40 to 50 feet Width: 8 to 20 feet Flower/Fruit: Female cones are ovoid, 1/4" across, ripening in one year, abundant in shiny colors of brown to almost blue. Male staminate cones are yellow-brown and borne on separate plants. Comments: Eastern Redcedar twigs and foliage are eaten by browsers. Seeds are eaten most extensively by cedar waxwings, a grayish-brown bird. Evergreen foliage provides nesting and roosting cover for sparrows, robins, mockingbirds, juncos, and warblers. 51
Norway Pine Hardiness Zones: 3 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Full sun. Semi drought tolerant. Susceptible to salt damage dislikes compacted or dry soil. Soil: Sandy well drained soils. Form: Tall tree. Pyramidal when young, develops oval crown with age. Height: 50 to 80 feet Width: 25 to 30 feet Flower/Fruit: Cone Comments: Excellent wildlife value. State tree of Minnesota. Extremely cold hardy. 52
Ponderosa Pine Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Grows best in full sun. Soil: The ponderosa pine prefers moist, well drained soil. Form: This pine has irregular, narrow, cylindrical shape. Height: 60 to 100 feet Width: 25 to 30 feet Flower/Fruit: Cones are solitary or in groups of 3-5, 3"-6" long, light reddish brown, matte or glossy. May be produced as early as seven years with irregular good crops depending upon the variety. Comments: The seeds provide food for birds and small mammals particularly turkeys, nuthatches, crossbills, grosbeaks, grouse, squirrels, chipmunks, and mice. Snags provide a large number of wildlife species with nesting and roosting sites. 53
Scotch Pine Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7 Growth Rate: Slow to moderate Site Requirements: Full sun. Normal moisture requirement, with moderate drought tolerance Soil: Loamy and moist sandy soils are preferred. Will perform in well drained clay soils. Form: Oval pyramidal shape Height: 60 feet Width: 40 feet Flower/Fruit: This tree has spiral; two needles; 2 to 4 inches long. The fruit is the pinecone which blooms in April to May and can be distinguished by its oval shape, 1 to 3 inches long and brown in color. Comments: Scotch Pine trees are widely used for Christmas trees because of their excellent form and their ability to hold their needles for a long period of time. There are many color variations within the species and some trees are sprayed with green color to make them more attractive as some naturally have brown needles during the winter months. It is also a good tree for reclamation sites because of its re-seeding capabilities. 54
Tamarack Hardiness Zones: 2 to 6 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Full sun Soil: Commonly found in swamps and occasionally grows on drier sandy soils, extremely tolerant of different soil types. Form: Irregular Height: 70 to 80 feet Width: 30 feet Flower/Fruit: Cones are bright red, turning brown and opening to release the seeds when mature. Comments: Some of the few cone-bearing trees that drop their colorful autumn foliage. 55
White Cedar Hardiness Zones: 3 Growth Rate: Extremely Slow Site Requirements: Grows in wet, marshy areas, can also tolerate dry conditions. Soil: Very wet to very dry soils. Form: Conical Height: 40 to 50 feet Width: 10 to 15 feet Flower/Fruit: Cone Comments: Decay resistant wood. 56
White Pine Hardiness Zones: 3 to 8 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full to partial sun. Does not do well in clay soils. Not drought tolerant. Soil: Moist sand or loam. It is often intolerant of soils that are alkaline in ph and poorly drained. Performs best in evenly moist, rich, well-drained, acidic soils. Form: Conical; spire like Height: 80 to 100 feet Width: 20 to 40 feet Flower/Fruit: The flower is a bunch of small oval shaped cylinders with little lump s covering it. The fruit of the white pine is its pinecone. Comments: Excellent wildlife habitat. Tallest conifer in Minnesota. Used extensively in reforestation projects. White Pine s strait trunk was the choice wood for mast poles back when sailing ships were used. 57