The future of hops Hop breeding 101: We like the hop that grows on this side of the road. We re not so happy with the hop that grows on that side of the road.
LR Neomexicanus? Meridian Alpha 6.5 6.5 Beta 2.0 9.5 Cohumulone 45 Total Oils 0.4 1.1 Myrcene 30 Geraniol.15 Description Lemon pie Fruit punch
100 Years Ago Leading hop producing countries hop usage (pounds per hl) United States 0.50 Germany 0.38 Great Britain 1.0 Austria-Hungary 0.55 Belgium/Netherlands 0.5 Worldwide 0.63 pounds per hectoliter, 12.6 grams of alpha per hl 50 Years Ago in Germany IBU 25 Dosage of hops.35 pounds/hl Alpha acids 8-9 grams/hl Worldwide.35 pounds per hl, 9.1 grams of alpha per hl
The last 40 years In the early 1970s when about one-third of hops were processed, compared to more than 90 percent today the rate was 9 grams per hectoliter. Here s how it has progressed since: 1979 8 grams 1989 7 grams 1997 6 grams 2011 4.1 grams
Craft brewery hop usage (Pounds per barrel) Size 2008 2009 2010 2011 < 2,500 1.75 1.44 1.19 1.79 2,500-25,000 1.26 1.42 1.03 1.27 >25,000 0.84 0.85 0.93 0.94 Total 0.93 0.92 0.95 0.98
Mr. C. Gibson Tosswill has detected in it a difference from the usual American aroma, and has characterized it on several occasions as a distinctive Manitoba aroma, also commenting on a pungent Manitoba flavor. J.S. Ford of the Wm. Younger & Co. s Brewery in Edinburgh, Scotland : -Physical examination pronounced, unpleasant nose. -In the dry hop tests at 4 ounces per barrel, too bitter, rank and slightly unpleasant. It (the American hop) is rather a stronger bitter than the European hop, and with a stronger scented flavor in many cases.
In 2000, German researchers analyzed 90 hop cultivars and breeding lines based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms. Group A represents mainly hops with European origin and includes the subgroup of fine/noble aroma cultivars. Group B contains cultivars and breeding lines with higher alpha acid contents. Their ancestors are mixture of European cultivated hops and North American wild hops. In group C are hops derived from crosses in which hops of European and North American origin were brought together. Often in these crosses the objective was to combine the high alpha acid contents of North American hops with aroma notes similar to the European aroma hops
PCO-1-0.70-0.41-0.13 0.16 0.45 PCO-2-0.38-0.19 0.00 0.19 0.38 JapC-730 Kitamidori Ultra JapC-966 Kirin1/2 Quingdao DaHua GoldenStar Brewers Gold Galena Toyomidori Cascade Atlas Süd Afrika Crystal JapC-826 Pioneer Density WyeTarget Pride of Ringwood Progress Herald H.Bitterer Apolon 88/55/502 88/55/501 Ahil Taurus 82/39/37 Magnum 91/44/39 Yoeman Phoenix Nugget Eastwell Golding FirstGold Fuggle 81/8/13 Zenith HallTradition Hall.Gold MountHood SpalterSelect Saazer Typen Urozani Lubelski WyeNorthdown Perle Buket North.Brewer Wye Challenger Hersb.Pure WyeViking 85/54/15 Hersbrucker USDA 21055 Comet HüllAnf. Stri.Spalter Orion Vojvodina OT48 HüllStart Olympic Cluster Columbus Chinook Horizon WyeSaxon Aurora HallFort HallertauerMfr Early Choice Liberty A B C
The birth of a new variety German Hop Research Center Hüll Year 1: 75 to 100 crosses. Year 2: 100,000 plants are grown from seedlings in a greenhouse, and assessed for their resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew. Most will fail. Years 3-5: 4,000 female and 400 male plants assessed in the breeding yard. Assessed again for resistance, and also for wilt, stature, cone quality, yield and aroma quality.
Years 6-9: 20 to 30 advanced lines remain. Ongoing assessment of all traits, plus storage stability. Years 10-12: Highly advanced selections, field trials at different locations, and brewing trials. Years 13-14: Apply for plant variety rights
4-methyl-4-mercapto-2-pentanone Occurs in (4-MMP) Citra Cascade Chinook Simcoe Summit Apollo Topaz Cluster Bullion
Mosaic Eldorado Alpha 11.5-13.5 14-16 Beta 3.2-3.9 7-8 Cohumulone 24-26 28-33 Total Oils 1.5 2.5-2.8 Myrcene 55 55-60 Geraniol 1.2 1.6 Description Grapefruit, tangerine Guava, mango, floral Blueberry, pine, Lime candy, garlic Candy like, Intense pears, Cherry, Lifesavers
A little perspective Acres of hops grown 2011 Saaz (in Czech Republic) 12,000 German high alpha 18,000 CZT 11,000 Cascade 2,400 (25%) Centennial 641 (80%) Simcoe 500 (109%) Citra 240 (112%)
Hop 2 It - Recipe Malt WA Select (Pale Ale Malt) 7 lbs 6 oz Maris Otter 1 lb 5 oz C-20 1 lb Acidulated 5 oz Hops 90 min varies 30 min 26 g 0 min 37.5 g Dry hop 21 g Mash at 154 F for 75 min 3.5 g CaSO4 added to mash Pitch 2 smack packs of WY1056 at 62 F Ferment at 67 F OG: 1.053 FG: 1.013 90 min additons: LR (5.25% AA) Meridian (5.4% AA) Mosaic (10.4% AA) El Dorado (13.8% AA) 38.5 g 31.5 g 7.5 g 1 g
Many Thanks To: Wyeast provided all of the yeast for the beer Eric Desmarais (LR) Indie Hops (Meridian) Hop Breeding Co (Mosaic) Brewers Supply Group (El Dorado)