Monitoring EU Agri-Food Trade: Development until January 2016 January 2015 - EU agri-food exports in line with seasonal trend EU agri-food exports in January 2016 were worth EUR 9.3 billion, thus just a tiny bit above the level in January in previous years. However, compared to the high level in December 2015, exports went down in value terms. Highest increases in monthly export values were recorded for USA, China and some North African and Middle East countries (including Iran), while the most important reductions were for Hong Kong, Algeria, Korea and again, Russia. The highest increases in monthly export values were achieved for pork, vegetables and meat products classified under offal and other meat (livers etc.) On the other hand, monthly export values in January 2016 compared to December 2015 went down in particular for hides and skins (EUR -96 million), milk powders and sugar. In January 2016 agri-food imports to the EU decreased slightly to EUR 9.2 billion from EUR 9.3 billion in January 2015. The highest reduction in monthly imports was from Canada and Brazil, while imports from Ukraine and USA went up. The trade balance for all EU agri-food products in January 2016 turned into a slight export surplus compared to the export deficit in January 2015. The export surplus for the 12-months period (Feb 2015 to Jan 2016) lies at around EUR 16 billion.
12-month period: biggest increases in exports to USA and China For the 12-months period February 2015 to January 2016, EU agri-food exports reached a value of more than EUR 129 billion, meaning an increase by 6% in value compared to the same period one year ago. Outstanding export values were achieved in March, July and December 2015. Major gains were achieved in values of agri-food exports to the US (+18%) China (+39%), as well as on other key markets such as Saudi Arabia (+35%). Exports to Turkey, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, Australia, Canada, Israel and Egypt also increased by more than EUR 200 million each in the latest 12- months period. Exports to Russia decreased from EUR 8.6 billion (Feb 2014 to Jan 2015) to EUR 5.5 billion (Feb 2015 to Jan 2016), i.e. a reduction in values by 36%. Analysing the performance over the last 12 months per product category, export values increased in particular for cereals other than wheat (EUR +1.1 billion; +57% compared to export values in the 12-months period one year ago), wine (EUR +836 million; +9%), spirits and liqueurs (EUR +637 million; +7%), beer (EUR +519 million; +18%) as well as for live animals (EUR +486 million; +25%). In relative terms, high increases in 2015 export values were also seen for soya beans, eggs and honey and raw tobacco. Exports of milk powders (EUR -805 million; -16%) and fresh fruit (EUR -299 million; -11%) lost most in export values over the last 12 months, both of them products concerned by the Russian embargo. Milk powder exports also suffered from the contraction of Chinese demand for dairy products. Also sugar (-17%), oilseeds other than soya beans (-11%) and cheese (-2%) experienced losses in export values over the previous 12 months, although at lower absolute value compared to the products mentioned before. Agri-food imports: main increases in imports from USA and Turkey Agri-food imports from third countries in the period February 2015 to January 2016 came into the EU at a value of EUR 113 billion, i.e. an increase by 8.4% compared to the same period one year ago. Import values for agri-food products from Brazil, the first supplier for EU imports, went down slightly, while import values from the USA moved up again. Imports from the USA showed the highest increase in values (EUR +1.6 billion; +16%) in the 12-months period until January 2016. Remarkable increases were recorded also for agri-food imports from Turkey (EUR +791 million; +19%), Argentina (EUR +540 million; +10%), China (EUR +503 million; +11%), Tunesia (EUR +453 million; +135%), Vietnam (EUR +312 million; +16%), Ukraine (EUR +291 million; +8%), and from Colombia and Peru. On the other hand, imports from Canada decreased by EUR 217 million (-9%) and imports from Indonesia went down by EUR 214 million (-5%) compared to the previous 12 months period. Looking at imports per product category, total imports of commodities in value terms remained almost stable (-0.8%), but, in detail, imports of palm oil (EUR -452 million; -8%), soya beans (EUR -436 million; -8%) and imports of oilcakes (EUR -341 million; -4%), as well as cereals other than wheat and rice and imports of sugar decreased. On the other hand, import values of unroasted coffee and tea increased sizeably (EUR +727 million; +10%) as well as imports of oilseeds (other than soya beans), wheat and rice. For products other than commodities, increases were registered in particular for imports of tropical fruit, nuts and spices (EUR +2.7 billion; +26%), fruit and vegetable preparations (EUR +721 million; +23%), fresh fruit (EUR +447 million; +8.3%), fresh vegetables (EUR +361 million; +9.2%), as well as raw tobacco (EUR +241 million; +10%). The most remarkable increase in import values was registered for olive oil, jumping form EUR 179 million in the period February 2014/January 2015 to EUR 699 million in the same months one year later, almost four times as high as before. (extraction date for statistics: 14/03/2016)
Focus on: EU trade in olive oil EU exports in olive oil were worth almost EUR 2.3 billion, representing about 1.7% of the value of total EU agri-food exports, with a constantly growing trend over the recent decade, except for the year 2015. 2015 was an exceptional year, with a particular low harvest in the EU (1.4 million t in the 2014/15 campaign; -42% lower than in the previous campaign) and a record harvest outside the EU, in particular in Tunisia, the EU main supplier for olive oil imports. The record imports from Tunisia in 2015 did not impact EU olive oil prices, which were also exceptionally high. The EU's trade balance for olive oil is largely positive, with annual exports worth more than EUR 2 billion in recent years. The main client for EU exports is the USA, followed by Japan, Brazil and China. Global demand for olive oil is continuously growing. In 2015, more than 80% of EU olive oil imports came from Tunisia. Other, less important suppliers are Morocco, Argentina and Australia. To support external markets, and pending on the EU level of production, EU operators make regular use of inward processing which represents an important share of imports. Olive oil - EU top trade partners in 2015 Exports Value %share Imports Value %share mio mio United States 800 35% Tunisia 595 82% Japan 227 10% Morocco 56 8% Brazil 208 9% Argentina 29 4% China 148 7% Australia 11 2% Canada 103 5% Chile 9 1% Switzerland 70 3% Syrian Arab Republic 4 1% Australia 69 3% Turkey 4 1% Mexico 57 3% Egypt 4 0% Russian Federation 50 2% Oc. Palestinian Territory 3 0% RoW 526 23% RoW 8 1% Extra-EU28 2 257 100% Extra-EU28 724 100%
Table 1: EU28 agri-food exports top 20 destinations EU28 agri-food exports to. Feb14 - Extra-EU28 121 772 129 210 7 438 6,1 9 258 9 308 50 0,5 United States of America 1 16 529 19 547 3 018 18,3 1 240 1 384 144 11,6 China 2 7 534 10 482 2 948 39,1 626 769 144 23,0 Switzerland 3 7 209 7 649 440 6,1 590 572-18 -3,1 Russia 4 8 606 5 521-3 085-35,8 417 372-45 -10,7 Japan 5 5 274 5 346 72 1,4 395 388-7 -1,9 Saudi Arabia 6 3 613 4 862 1 249 34,6 294 364 70 23,9 Hong Kong 7 4 612 4 421-191 -4,1 337 266-70 -20,8 Norway 8 4 014 4 111 97 2,4 312 334 22 7,0 Canada 9 3 139 3 425 286 9,1 262 268 6 2,4 Turkey 10 2 882 3 399 516 17,9 257 248-9 -3,5 Algeria 11 3 566 3 164-402 -11,3 266 217-49 -18,5 United Arab Emirates 12 2 741 3 049 307 11,2 202 208 6 3,0 Australia 13 2 514 2 807 293 11,7 196 206 10 5,0 Korea (Republic of) 14 2 278 2 396 119 5,2 218 173-45 -20,6 Egypt 15 1 990 2 235 245 12,3 202 158-44 -21,8 Singapore 16 1 950 2 059 109 5,6 137 150 13 9,6 South Africa 17 1 571 1 699 128 8,2 103 106 3 3,3 Brazil 18 1 633 1 580-54 -3,3 119 106-14 -11,5 Morocco 19 1 504 1 517 14 0,9 87 148 61 70,6 Israel 20 1 247 1 496 249 19,9 100 115 16 15,5 other countries 37 366 38 444 1 079 2,9 2 900 2 756-144 -5,0 Table 2: EU28 agri-food exports most important changes in January 2016 EU28 agri-food exports to. Feb14 - Extra-EU28 121 772 129 210 7 438 6,1 9 258 9 308 50 0,5 United States of America 1 16 529 19 547 3 018 18,3 1 240 1 384 144 11,6 China 2 7 534 10 482 2 948 39,1 626 769 144 23,0 Saudi Arabia 6 3 613 4 862 1 249 34,6 294 364 70 23,9 Morocco 19 1 504 1 517 14 0,9 87 148 61 70,6 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 35 1 209 762-446 -36,9 69 99 30 43,6 Norway 8 4 014 4 111 97 2,4 312 334 22 7,0 Israel 20 1 247 1 496 249 19,9 100 115 16 15,5 Ethiopia 73 116 221 106 91,5 24 39 15 61,7 Singapore 16 1 950 2 059 109 5,6 137 150 13 9,6 Australia 13 2 514 2 807 293 11,7 196 206 10 5,0 Libya 25 1 150 1 128-21 -1,9 84 67-18 -21,0 Switzerland 3 7 209 7 649 440 6,1 590 572-18 -3,1 Azerbaijan 76 273 207-66 -24,2 23 4-19 -82,1 Bangladesh 60 201 297 96 47,6 37 16-21 -57,9 Angola 33 1 198 836-362 -30,2 71 36-35 -49,5 Egypt 15 1 990 2 235 245 12,3 202 158-44 -21,8 Russia 4 8 606 5 521-3 085-35,8 417 372-45 -10,7 Korea (Republic of) 14 2 278 2 396 119 5,2 218 173-45 -20,6 Algeria 11 3 566 3 164-402 -11,3 266 217-49 -18,5 Hong Kong 7 4 612 4 421-191 -4,1 337 266-70 -20,8 other countries 50 460 53 490 3 029 6,0 3 930 3 820-110 -2,8
Table 3: EU28 agri-food exports by product category PRODUCT/PERIOD Feb14 - EU28 EXPORT mio % mio % All agri-food products 121 772 129 210 7 438 6,1 9 258 9 308 50 0,5 Commodities 24 161 25 454 1 294 5,4 2 024 2 045 21 1,0 Other primary 19 846 21 106 1 261 6,4 1 587 1 739 153 9,6 Processed 22 070 23 350 1 280 5,8 1 526 1 568 43 2,8 Food preparations 25 398 26 707 1 310 5,2 1 915 1 867-48 -2,5 Beverages 15 735 17 317 1 582 10,1 1 036 1 103 67 6,5 Non-edible 14 564 15 354 790 5,4 1 171 1 065-106 -9,1 Wheat 6 157 6 326 169 2,7 513 503-10 -2,0 Cereals, other than wheat and rice 1 866 2 921 1 055 56,5 225 202-23 -10,2 Rice 209 199-10 -4,6 23 14-9 -39,2 Flours and other products of the milling industry 683 758 75 11,0 54 52-2 -4,0 Malt 1 049 1 099 49 4,7 78 97 19 23,7 Starches, inulin & gluten 775 834 58 7,5 67 64-3 -4,9 Soyabeans 39 67 29 73,5 9 2-6 -73,9 Oilseeds, other than soyabeans 734 651-83 -11,3 53 96 42 79,8 Palm & palm kernel oil 149 117-32 -21,7 11 10-1 -8,0 Vegetable oils other than palm & olive oil 1 930 2 296 366 19,0 176 219 43 24,2 Oilcakes 317 315-2 -0,6 27 21-6 -23,2 Other feed and feed ingredients 1 072 1 120 48 4,5 80 69-10 -13,1 Beet and cane sugar 599 500-99 -16,6 47 22-25 -53,2 Sugar, other than beet & cane 455 492 37 8,2 36 42 6 16,4 Milk powders and whey 4 920 4 115-805 -16,4 358 326-32 -9,0 Butter 634 730 96 15,2 53 62 9 17,5 Gums, resins and plant extracts 944 1 126 182 19,3 78 87 9 11,4 Unraosted coffee, tea in bulk & mate 516 503-12 -2,4 37 37 0 0,0 Cocoa beans 16 14-2 -13,3 2 1-1 -57,3 Cocoa paste and powder 1 042 1 214 171 16,4 91 115 24 26,3 Agricultural commodities, not specified 56 59 3 5,3 5 4 0-9,3 Live animals 1 941 2 425 483 24,9 177 191 14 7,8 Bovine meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 550 622 72 13,1 37 41 4 11,1 Pork meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 3 663 4 006 343 9,4 286 335 49 17,2 Poultry meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 1 568 1 583 14 0,9 120 107-13 -10,9 Sheep and goat meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 101 95-6 -6,1 5 5 0-2,3 Offal, animal fat & other meats, fresh, chilled & frozen 2 280 2 383 103 4,5 167 199 31 18,8 Fresh milk and cream, buttermilk and yoghurt 965 988 23 2,4 68 82 14 20,4 Eggs and honey 596 769 173 28,9 49 63 13 26,9 Vegetables, fresh, chilled and dried 2 800 2 939 139 5,0 230 268 39 16,9 Fruit, fresh or dried, excl. citrus & tropical fruit 2 792 2 492-299 -10,7 191 187-4 -2,3 Citrus fruit 544 509-35 -6,4 64 61-3 -4,3 Tropical fruit, fresh or dried, nuts and spices 799 931 132 16,5 66 66 1 1,3 Miscellaneous seeds and hop cones 1 246 1 365 119 9,6 126 134 8 6,1 Agricultural primary products, not specified 0 0 0 0 Meat preparations 1 245 1 246 0 0,0 82 80-2 -2,2 Cheese 3 554 3 489-65 -1,8 250 257 7 2,9 Olive oil 2 139 2 280 142 6,6 162 186 24 14,5 Preparations of vegetables, fruit or nuts 3 885 4 110 225 5,8 292 293 1 0,3 Fruit juices 744 763 20 2,6 64 51-12 -19,4 Wine, vermouth, cider and vinegar 9 556 10 392 836 8,7 609 633 24 4,0 Roasted coffee and tea 947 1 069 122 12,9 67 68 1 1,5 Chocolate, confectionery and ice cream 4 903 5 107 204 4,2 353 338-15 -4,2 Infant food & other prep of cereals, flour, starch or milk 6 065 6 284 219 3,6 492 473-19 -3,9 Pasta, pastry, biscuits and bread 4 261 4 610 349 8,2 311 304-7 -2,3 Soups and sauces 1 158 1 178 20 1,7 77 80 3 3,9 Coffee and tea extracts 742 791 49 6,6 57 59 2 3,4 Food preparations, not specified 5 161 5 316 154 3,0 382 374-8 -2,1 Pet food 3 108 3 422 314 10,1 244 240-4 -1,6 Waters and soft drinks 2 951 3 346 395 13,4 227 228 2 0,7 Beer 2 872 3 391 519 18,1 230 250 20 8,9 Spirits and liqueurs 9 678 10 315 637 6,6 564 606 42 7,4 Odoriferous substances 234 265 31 13,4 15 19 4 26,4 Raw hides, skins and furskins 2 352 2 726 374 15,9 209 113-96 -45,8 Non edible animal products 416 442 26 6,3 33 32-2 -5,0 Wool and silk 169 180 12 6,9 9 15 6 66,6 Cotton, flax and hemp, and plaiting materials 771 766-5 -0,7 77 67-10 -13,3 Cut flowers and plants 663 676 13 2,0 52 47-5 -8,9 Bulbs, roots and live plants 1 493 1 558 65 4,4 112 103-9 -7,8 Raw tobacco 798 941 143 17,9 87 74-13 -14,9 Cigars and cigarettes 3 204 3 211 7 0,2 234 272 39 16,6 Fatty acids and waxes 482 535 53 11,0 38 43 6 14,8 Sugar alcohols 155 143-12 -7,6 10 9-1 -7,0 Essential oils 507 578 72 14,1 41 47 6 13,9 Ethanol 181 147-34 -18,8 17 12-5 -31,0 Casein, other albuminoidal sub. & mod. starches 1 923 1 957 34 1,8 136 138 2 1,6 Non-edible, not specified 1 302 1 320 19 1,5 105 80-25 -23,8 Products non-attributable 149 173 24 16,0 12 13 0 1,4
Table 4: EU28 agri-food imports top 20 origins EU28 agri-food imports from. Feb14 - Extra-EU28 104 313 113 052 8 739 8,4 9 305 9 245-60 -0,6 Brazil 1 13 299 13 124-175 -1,3 990 940-50 -5,1 United States of America 2 10 389 12 022 1 633 15,7 1 232 1 283 51 4,2 Argentina 3 5 213 5 753 540 10,3 322 314-9 -2,7 China 4 4 660 5 163 503 10,8 462 476 14 3,0 Turkey 5 4 201 4 992 791 18,8 424 422-1 -0,3 Switzerland 6 4 426 4 594 168 3,8 346 351 5 1,3 Indonesia 7 4 518 4 304-214 -4,7 357 328-28 -7,9 Ukraine 8 3 804 4 095 291 7,7 325 422 97 29,8 India 9 2 777 2 991 214 7,7 233 228-5 -2,2 Ivory Coast 10 2 502 2 671 169 6,7 272 234-39 -14,2 New Zealand 11 2 381 2 478 97 4,1 143 152 9 6,2 Thailand 12 2 217 2 455 238 10,7 205 223 18 8,6 South Africa 13 2 165 2 421 256 11,8 194 181-13 -6,7 Chile 14 2 149 2 380 231 10,7 150 161 11 7,5 Vietnam 15 1 932 2 245 312 16,2 179 163-15 -8,6 Malaysia 16 2 148 2 212 64 3,0 174 175 1 0,8 Canada 17 2 326 2 109-217 -9,3 299 220-79 -26,3 Australia 18 1 968 2 063 95 4,8 154 178 24 15,5 Colombia 19 1 743 2 024 282 16,2 179 155-24 -13,3 Peru 20 1 625 1 892 267 16,4 181 176-5 -3,0 other countries 27 872 31 067 3 195 11,5 2 486 2 463-22 -0,9 Table 5: EU28 agri-food imports most important changes in January 2016 EU28 agri-food imports from. Feb14 - Extra-EU28 104 313 113 052 8 739 8,4 9 305 9 245-60 -0,6 Ukraine 8 3 804 4 095 291 7,7 325 422 97 29,8 United States of America 2 10 389 12 022 1 633 15,7 1 232 1 283 51 4,2 Morocco 21 1 552 1 803 251 16,2 184 219 35 19,0 Countries and territories not specified 43 349 446 97 27,8 32 59 28 87,3 Australia 18 1 968 2 063 95 4,8 154 178 24 15,5 Thailand 12 2 217 2 455 238 10,7 205 223 18 8,6 Bolivia 56 215 227 13 5,9 17 34 17 96,6 China 4 4 660 5 163 503 10,8 462 476 14 3,0 Uruguay 33 593 810 217 36,7 31 43 12 40,4 Chile 14 2 149 2 380 231 10,7 150 161 11 7,5 Serbia 28 993 1 060 67 6,7 86 64-22 -25,5 Tunisia 34 337 790 453 134,6 60 37-23 -38,5 Colombia 19 1 743 2 024 282 16,2 179 155-24 -13,3 Indonesia 7 4 518 4 304-214 -4,7 357 328-28 -7,9 Ghana 25 1 330 1 223-107 -8,0 135 100-36 -26,4 Cameroon 36 649 559-90 -13,9 73 35-38 -52,4 Ivory Coast 10 2 502 2 671 169 6,7 272 234-39 -14,2 Philippines 35 707 694-13 -1,9 79 39-40 -51,1 Brazil 1 13 299 13 124-175 -1,3 990 940-50 -5,1 Canada 17 2 326 2 109-217 -9,3 299 220-79 -26,3 other countries 48 015 53 031 5 016 10,4 3 984 3 996 12 0,3
Table 6: EU28 agri-food imports by product category PRODUCT/PERIOD Feb14 - EU 28 IMPORT mio % mio % All agri-food products 104 313 113 052 9 305 8,4 9 305 9 245-60 -0,6 Commodities 45 544 45 177-367 -0,8 4 046 3 560-485 -12,0 Other primary 26 667 31 071 4 404 16,5 2 442 2 561 119 4,9 Processed 12 172 14 062 1 890 15,5 1 097 1 059-38 -3,5 Food preparations 5 925 6 672 747 12,6 533 614 81 15,2 Beverages 2 507 2 759 252 10,0 179 198 20 11,1 Non-edible 7 452 8 648 1 197 16,1 876 1 002 125 14,3 Wheat 1 369 1 546 176 12,9 169 109-60 -35,7 Cereals, other than wheat and rice 2 656 2 440-216 -8,1 234 319 85 36,6 Rice 1 062 1 164 102 9,6 84 89 5 6,3 Flours and other products of the milling industry 135 159 24 18,1 10 14 3 30,5 Malt 2 1-1 -61,2 0 0 0-36,0 Starches, inulin & gluten 52 57 5 10,4 4 6 2 40,4 Soyabeans 5 300 4 864-436 -8,2 480 421-59 -12,2 Oilseeds, other than soyabeans 2 891 3 171 280 9,7 248 297 49 19,9 Palm & palm kernel oil 5 693 5 241-452 -7,9 425 284-141 -33,2 Vegetable oils other than palm & olive oil 1 840 1 931 91 5,0 131 175 43 32,9 Oilcakes 8 646 8 219-427 -4,9 733 580-153 -20,9 Other feed and feed ingredients 824 893 68 8,3 65 79 14 21,6 Beet and cane sugar 1 507 1 290-218 -14,4 87 92 5 5,7 Sugar, other than beet & cane 459 439-19 -4,3 36 36-1 -2,5 Milk powders and whey 48 43-5 -10,3 4 4 1 25,2 Butter 135 69-66 -48,8 8 6-2 -25,2 Gums, resins and plant extracts 844 952 108 12,8 82 79-3 -3,7 Unraosted coffee, tea in bulk & mate 7 132 7 858 727 10,2 712 568-144 -20,2 Cocoa beans 3 189 3 121-68 -2,1 374 263-111 -29,7 Cocoa paste and powder 1 761 1 674-86 -4,9 160 140-19 -12,0 Agricultural commodities, not specified 0 46 46 0 0 0 Live animals 222 277 56 25,1 14 14 0-2,0 Bovine meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 1 640 1 812 172 10,5 131 137 6 4,8 Pork meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 39 36-4 -9,5 3 3 0 7,6 Poultry meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 311 336 25 8,0 23 24 2 7,6 Sheep and goat meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 986 1 084 97 9,9 72 70-2 -2,6 Offal, animal fat & other meats, fresh, chilled & frozen 1 133 1 141 8 0,7 96 90-6 -6,0 Fresh milk and cream, buttermilk and yoghurt 29 28-1 -4,0 3 3 0-3,7 Eggs and honey 437 568 131 30,0 48 56 8 16,1 Vegetables, fresh, chilled and dried 3 937 4 298 361 9,2 415 428 13 3,1 Fruit, fresh or dried, excl. citrus & tropical fruit 5 391 5 838 447 8,3 481 433-48 -9,9 Citrus fruit 1 499 1 737 239 15,9 99 102 4 3,7 Tropical fruit, fresh or dried, nuts and spices 10 502 13 220 2 718 25,9 1 006 1 129 123 12,3 Miscellaneous seeds and hop cones 527 685 157 29,8 52 63 11 21,0 Agricultural primary products, not specified 14 11-2 -18,0 0 9 8 Meat preparations 2 134 2 259 125 5,9 211 202-10 -4,6 Cheese 461 433-28 -6,1 32 30-2 -5,4 Olive oil 179 699 521 291,3 49 25-23 -47,9 Preparations of vegetables, fruit or nuts 3 101 3 822 721 23,2 305 307 1 0,5 Fruit juices 2 258 2 398 140 6,2 186 167-19 -10,4 Wine, vermouth, cider and vinegar 2 502 2 830 328 13,1 199 208 9 4,5 Roasted coffee and tea 1 538 1 622 84 5,5 114 120 5 4,6 Chocolate, confectionery and ice cream 982 1 172 191 19,4 96 106 11 11,0 Infant food & other prep of cereals, flour, starch or milk 329 392 63 19,2 39 40 1 3,7 Pasta, pastry, biscuits and bread 1 063 1 219 156 14,6 95 103 8 8,7 Soups and sauces 619 656 37 6,0 51 53 3 5,6 Coffee and tea extracts 450 527 77 17,2 42 40-2 -4,7 Food preparations, not specified 1 590 1 674 84 5,3 130 175 46 35,1 Pet food 892 1 031 139 15,6 81 95 14 17,6 Waters and soft drinks 874 928 54 6,1 64 67 3 4,4 Beer 242 294 52 21,5 15 21 5 34,0 Spirits and liqueurs 1 383 1 527 144 10,4 99 109 11 10,8 Odoriferous substances 8 10 2 25,6 1 2 1 176,4 Raw hides, skins and furskins 844 727-117 -13,9 73 66-7 -9,8 Non edible animal products 374 350-24 -6,4 32 30-2 -5,7 Wool and silk 799 831 32 4,0 86 92 7 7,7 Cotton, flax and hemp, and plaiting materials 574 587 13 2,3 46 44-2 -3,7 Cut flowers and plants 1 266 1 320 54 4,3 105 106 1 1,2 Bulbs, roots and live plants 758 825 67 8,8 75 77 2 2,8 Raw tobacco 2 438 2 678 241 9,9 236 205-32 -13,4 Cigars and cigarettes 208 248 40 19,4 20 19-1 -4,6 Fatty acids and waxes 1 666 1 437-229 -13,8 125 78-46 -37,2 Sugar alcohols 10 19 9 95,0 1 1 1 160,1 Essential oils 685 899 215 31,4 66 77 11 16,5 Ethanol 319 301-19 -5,8 14 12-3 -17,6 Casein, other albuminoidal sub. & mod. starches 825 769-56 -6,8 59 53-6 -10,6 Non-edible, not specified 37 9-28 -75,0 0 3 3 2 872,0 Products non-attributable 695 2 335 1 639 235,7 71 413 342 482,0