Monitoring EU Agri-Food Trade: Development until December 2016 EU agri-food exports at highest annual level ever: EUR 130.7 billion The annual value of EU agri-food exports in 2016 reached a new record level of EUR 130.7 billion, which is EUR 1.7 billion (1.3%) higher than in 2015 and EUR 29.4 billion higher than in 2011 (+29%). Highest increases in annual export values (2016 compared to 2015) were recorded for the USA (EUR +1.26 billion) and China (EUR +1.06 billion). Other major gains in EU agri-food exports were in Asian countries, such as Japan (EUR +414 million; +8%), Vietnam (EUR + 348 million; +32%) and Korea (EUR +230 million; +10%). Most important export destinations in 2016 were USA, China, Switzerland, Japan and Russia (down to rank 5, stagnating at EUR 5.6 million). Also exports to Morocco (EUR +263 million; +18%) and Israel (EUR +229 million; +15.5%) increased significantly, while exports to Hong Kong (EUR 0.8 billion; -18%), Algeria (EUR 624 million; -19%) and Egypt (EUR -474 million; -21%) went down most extensively. In 2016, the value of EU agri-food imports went down to EUR 112 billion (EUR -1.7 billion; -1.5%). In particular, import values from main origin countries Brazil (EUR -1.4 billion; -11%) and USA (EUR -0.7 billion; -6%) reduced, while the value of imports from Ivory Coast (EUR +332 million; +10%) and from Peru (EUR +230 million; +12%) increased most. The EU agri-food trade surplus in 2016 increased to EUR 18.8 billion, up from EUR 15.3 billion in 2015.
Major recoveries in pigmeat and olive oil exports in 2016 The value of pigmeat exports in 2016 increased by 32% (EUR +1.28 billion) and also exports under the category of meat offal (mainly from pig production) increased by EUR 0.5 billion (+22.5%) on an annual base. Mayor gains were also registered for olive oil exports (EUR +425 million; +19%) after the strong reduction in 2015 values. Other important EU products gaining in annual export values were non-specific food preparations, infant food, wine, cigars and cigarettes, fresh vegetables, fruit and vegetables preparations, live animals and pet food. On the other hand, 2016 export values decreased most for raw hides and skins (EUR -1.2 billion; -41%), cereals other than wheat and rice (EUR -1.1 billion; -36%), wheat (EUR - 813 million; -13%) milk powders (EUR -631 million; -15%), and poultry meat (EUR -165 million; -10%). In summary, 2016 EU exporters were very successful in increasing exports of noncommodity primary products (pigmeat, vegetables). Also export values for processed agricultural products (wine, olive oil) and food preparation increased by 4 to 5% in average, while export values for commodities (wheat and other cereals, milk powder) and non-edible products (raw hides and skins) went down. Montlhly data for December 2016 show in particular a decrease in wheat export values (EUR -403 million; -30% in Dec 2016 compared to Dec 2015). Also export values for other cereals and fresh vegetables decreased on a monthly base. On the other hand, the highest increased in December 2016 exports, compared December one year ago, were noted for food preparations, wine, infant food and pigmeat. 2016 trade surplus in agri-food at EUR 18.8 billion Main origins for EU agri-food imports in 2016 were Brazil, USA, Argentina and China, followed by Switzerland, Turkey, Indonesia, Ukraine and Ivory Coast. The most important product classes for agri-food imports are commodities and other primary products, with tropical and other fruit, coffee and tea, as well as oilcakes, palm oil and soyabean being the most important product categories. In 2016, import values of cocoa beans increased particularly (EUR +615 million; +15%), followed by vegetable oils (other than palm and olive oil; EUR +399 million; +21%), fresh vegetables, citrus fruit and oilseed other than soya beans. Annual values of imports went down in particular for oilcakes (EUR -1.2 billion; -14%), coffee and tea (EUR -523 million; -6.5%), raw tobacco, olive oil and wheat. On a monthly base - December 2016 compared to December 2015 - coffee and tea as well a palm oil increased in import values, while imports of cereals other than wheat and rice and of oilcakes went down in value terms. The agri-food sector represents 7.5% of total EU exports in goods in 2016m and 6.6% of all imported goods are agri-food. With its surplus of EUR 18.8 billion the agri-food sector is a major contributor to the overall surplus of the European Union in merchandise trade, which stands at EUR 39.3 billion in 2016. (extraction date for statistics: 14/02/2017)
Focus on: EU agri-food trade with Canada The EU is a net-exporter of agri-food products to Canada, with a surplus of about EUR 1.25 billion in 2016. Exports to Canada increased steadily over the past years, while imports peaked in 2011 and came back to that level in recent years. EU agri-food exports to Canada, 2016 Top EU28 agri-food exports to Canada: trade value and share in 2016 Wine, vermouth, cider and vinegar 837 24% The structure of EU exports is quite different from the structure of EU imports from Canada. Main EU export products are value added processed products, food preparations and beverages, with wine, spirits and liqueurs, confectionery, beer as well as pastry and biscuits being the most important product categories. Remaining Agri-food products 1 469 43% Spirits and liqueurs 316 9% Imports from Canada mainly consist of commodities and some other primary products, in particular cereals and oilseeds, and some fresh, chilled or dried vegetables. Raw hides, skins and furskins 168 5% Source: COMEXT Pasta, pastry, biscuits and bread 187 5% Beer 209 6% Chocolate, confectionery and ice cream 260 8% units: million Euro, % million Euro 4 000 3 000 EU28: Structure of Agri-food trade 2006-2016 with CANADA Export Source: COMEXT 2 000 1 000 0 1 000 2 000 Import 3 000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 Commodities 2 Other primary 3 Processed (incl. wine) 4 Food preparations 5 Beverages 6 Non-edible Balance
Table 1: EU28 agri-food exports top 20 destinations EU28 agri-food exports to. Jan16 - to to Extra-EU28 129 030 130 737 1 708 1,3 11 223 11 241 18 0,2 United States of America 1 19 385 20 644 1 258 6,5 1 734 1 777 44 2,5 China 2 10 317 11 377 1 060 10,3 753 843 90 12,0 Switzerland 3 7 651 7 807 155 2,0 639 640 2 0,2 Japan 4 5 354 5 768 414 7,7 474 534 61 12,8 Russia 5 5 578 5 550-28 -0,5 472 510 37 7,9 Saudi Arabia 6 4 799 4 574-225 -4,7 432 403-29 -6,8 Norway 7 4 087 4 289 202 4,9 331 343 12 3,7 Hong Kong 8 4 504 3 705-799 -17,7 319 332 13 4,1 Canada 9 3 418 3 438 20 0,6 260 235-25 -9,5 Turkey 10 3 399 3 231-168 -4,9 303 271-33 -10,7 United Arab Emirates 11 3 041 3 125 84 2,7 308 304-4 -1,4 Australia 12 2 795 2 992 197 7,1 257 275 18 7,0 Korea (Republic of) 13 2 399 2 629 230 9,6 199 265 66 33,3 Algeria 14 3 211 2 587-624 -19,4 305 237-68 -22,4 Singapore 15 2 046 2 002-44 -2,1 168 184 16 9,7 Egypt 16 2 274 1 800-474 -20,9 236 199-37 -15,8 Morocco 17 1 455 1 718 263 18,0 137 142 5 3,7 Israel 18 1 478 1 707 229 15,5 163 179 15 9,4 South Africa 19 1 695 1 703 8 0,5 134 169 35 25,9 Brazil 20 1 593 1 555-38 -2,4 136 133-2 -1,6 other countries 38 551 38 538-13 0,0 3 463 3 266-197 -5,7 Table 2: EU28 agri-food exports most important changes in December 2016 EU28 agri-food exports to. Jan16 - to to Extra-EU28 129 030 130 737 1 708 1,3 11 223 11 241 18 0,2 China 2 10 317 11 377 1 060 10,3 753 843 90 12,0 Korea (Republic of) 13 2 399 2 629 230 9,6 199 265 66 33,3 Japan 4 5 354 5 768 414 7,7 474 534 61 12,8 United States of America 1 19 385 20 644 1 258 6,5 1 734 1 777 44 2,5 Russia 5 5 578 5 550-28 -0,5 472 510 37 7,9 South Africa 19 1 695 1 703 8 0,5 134 169 35 25,9 Vietnam 22 1 093 1 441 348 31,8 84 103 20 23,9 Australia 12 2 795 2 992 197 7,1 257 275 18 7,0 Iraq 43 463 527 64 13,8 44 60 16 37,5 Angola 38 872 687-185 -21,2 61 78 16 26,6 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 37 731 726-5 -0,7 77 61-15 -20,2 Oman 47 451 406-45 -10,0 48 32-17 -34,5 Canada 9 3 418 3 438 20 0,6 260 235-25 -9,5 Mexico 23 1 376 1 417 41 3,0 127 99-28 -21,8 Saudi Arabia 6 4 799 4 574-225 -4,7 432 403-29 -6,8 Turkey 10 3 399 3 231-168 -4,9 303 271-33 -10,7 Egypt 16 2 274 1 800-474 -20,9 236 199-37 -15,8 Indonesia 36 734 736 2 0,3 102 59,6-42 -41,4 Ethiopia 65 206 230 24 11,5 59 10,6-48 -82,0 Algeria 14 3 211 2 587-624 -19,4 305 236,9-68 -22,4 other countries 3 211 2 587-624 -19,4 305 237-68 -22,4
Table 3: EU28 agri-food exports by product category PRODUCT/PERIOD to EU28 EXPORT mio % mio % All agri-food products 129 030 130 737 1 708 1,3 11 223 11 241 18 0,2 Commodities 25 433 23 680-1 753-6,9 2 257 1 976-281 -12,4 Other primary 20 928 23 321 2 393 11,4 2 068 2 147 80 3,9 Processed 23 293 24 442 1 149 4,9 2 004 2 087 83 4,1 Food preparations 26 725 27 830 1 104 4,1 2 314 2 486 172 7,4 Beverages 17 208 17 325 118 0,7 1 436 1 447 11 0,8 Non-edible 15 443 14 526-917 -5,9 1 144 1 126-18 -1,6 Wheat 6 338 5 525-813 -12,8 650 403-248 -38,1 Cereals, other than wheat and rice 2 952 1 893-1 059-35,9 225 157-68 -30,3 Rice 208 194-13 -6,4 19 16-3 -14,1 Flours and other products of the milling industry 755 783 27 3,6 69 65-3 -4,7 Malt 1 078 1 048-30 -2,7 90 78-12 -13,3 Starches, inulin & gluten 837 921 85 10,1 72 79 7 10,4 Soyabeans 73 54-19 -26,2 11 13 2 21,0 Oilseeds, other than soyabeans 605 800 195 32,2 67 67 0-0,7 Palm & palm kernel oil 117 158 41 34,7 7 13 6 82,6 Vegetable oils other than palm & olive oil 2 244 2 313 69 3,1 177 211 34 19,4 Oilcakes 321 276-45 -14,1 22 23 1 3,4 Other feed and feed ingredients 1 138 1 097-41 -3,6 91 92 1 1,5 Beet and cane sugar 526 630 103 19,7 50 73 23 45,9 Sugar, other than beet & cane 485 526 41 8,4 42 44 2 5,3 Milk powders and whey 4 161 3 530-631 -15,2 348 326-22 -6,4 Butter 703 835 132 18,8 65 45-21 -31,5 Gums, resins and plant extracts 1 116 1 157 41 3,7 97 102 5 5,1 Unraosted coffee, tea in bulk & mate 503 523 19 3,8 40 46 6 14,8 Cocoa beans 15 22 7 48,2 2 2 0-0,4 Cocoa paste and powder 1 199 1 342 143 11,9 109 117 8 7,5 Agricultural commodities, not specified 59 54-6 -9,4 5 4 0-8,0 Live animals 2 404 2 630 226 9,4 232 269 37 15,8 Bovine meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 618 695 77 12,5 63 70 7 10,9 Pork meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 3 956 5 238 1 282 32,4 372 421 49 13,1 Poultry meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 1 596 1 431-165 -10,3 128 116-12 -9,0 Sheep and goat meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 95 83-12 -12,2 7 7 0 3,1 Offal, animal fat & other meats, fresh, chilled & frozen 2 351 2 881 530 22,5 197 234 37 18,9 Fresh milk and cream, buttermilk and yoghurt 974 1 108 134 13,8 81 82 1 1,8 Eggs and honey 753 664-89 -11,9 69 54-15 -22,3 Vegetables, fresh, chilled and dried 2 898 3 157 259 8,9 390 344-46 -11,8 Fruit, fresh or dried, excl. citrus & tropical fruit 2 494 2 436-58 -2,3 215 223 8 3,9 Citrus fruit 505 501-4 -0,8 88 79-9 -10,2 Tropical fruit, fresh or dried, nuts and spices 929 982 52 5,6 88 89 2 1,9 Miscellaneous seeds and hop cones 1 355 1 515 160 11,8 138 159 21 15,1 Agricultural primary products, not specified 0 0 0-76,4 0 0 0-99,3 Meat preparations 1 247 1 231-17 -1,3 109 108-2 -1,7 Cheese 3 481 3 620 139 4,0 300 300 0-0,2 Olive oil 2 256 2 681 425 18,9 219 209-10 -4,8 Preparations of vegetables, fruit or nuts 4 107 4 363 256 6,2 346 375 29 8,4 Fruit juices 775 802 28 3,6 58 62 4 7,6 Wine, vermouth, cider and vinegar 10 362 10 682 320 3,1 876 934 59 6,7 Roasted coffee and tea 1 066 1 064-2 -0,2 96 100 4 3,8 Chocolate, confectionery and ice cream 5 114 5 206 91 1,8 434 463 29 6,8 Infant food & other prep of cereals, flour, starch or milk 6 299 6 636 337 5,4 542 594 52 9,6 Pasta, pastry, biscuits and bread 4 605 4 698 93 2,0 387 392 5 1,2 Soups and sauces 1 173 1 198 25 2,1 97 108 10 10,7 Coffee and tea extracts 789 775-14 -1,7 63 65 2 3,1 Food preparations, not specified 5 334 5 699 365 6,8 483 547 64 13,2 Pet food 3 411 3 618 207 6,1 307 317 10 3,1 Waters and soft drinks 3 343 3 455 112 3,4 241 258 17 7,2 Beer 3 328 3 418 90 2,7 254 277 23 9,0 Spirits and liqueurs 10 277 10 204-73 -0,7 921 894-27 -2,9 Odoriferous substances 261 249-12 -4,5 20 18-2 -9,3 Raw hides, skins and furskins 2 821 1 656-1 165-41,3 83 56-26 -31,9 Non edible animal products 443 422-20 -4,6 37 41 4 10,6 Wool and silk 174 149-25 -14,5 14 8-6 -44,4 Cotton, flax and hemp, and plaiting materials 776 841 65 8,3 87 82-5 -5,9 Cut flowers and plants 680 678-2 -0,3 64 57-8 -11,7 Bulbs, roots and live plants 1 567 1 634 67 4,3 118 110-8 -7,2 Raw tobacco 950 972 22 2,3 89 85-3 -3,9 Cigars and cigarettes 3 171 3 436 264 8,3 255 293 39 15,2 Fatty acids and waxes 531 529-3 -0,5 43 41-3 -5,8 Sugar alcohols 144 119-25 -17,3 10 10 1 5,7 Essential oils 569 611 42 7,4 51 49-2 -4,2 Ethanol 152 156 4 2,6 13 18 5 35,2 Casein, other albuminoidal sub. & mod. starches 1 954 1 903-51 -2,6 166 163-4 -2,2 Non-edible, not specified 1 342 1 268-74 -5,5 101 102 1 1,0 Products non-attributable 168 153-15 -8,7 13 11-1 -10,8 Dec 16 to Dec 15
Table 4: EU28 agri-food imports top 20 origins EU28 agri-food imports from. Jan16 - to to Extra-EU28 113 681 111 945-1 735-1,5 9 737 9 782 45 0,5 Brazil 1 13 352 11 940-1 413-10,6 941 905-36 -3,9 United States of America 2 11 916 11 207-709 -5,9 1 196 1 004-192 -16,1 Argentina 3 5 727 5 888 161 2,8 470 477 7 1,4 China 4 5 194 5 072-122 -2,4 459 450-9 -2,0 Switzerland 5 4 611 4 670 59 1,3 385 382-3 -0,8 Turkey 6 5 004 4 640-364 -7,3 426 407-19 -4,5 Indonesia 7 4 306 4 147-159 -3,7 338 399 61 18,1 Ukraine 8 4 063 4 067 3 0,1 499 456-43 -8,6 Ivory Coast 9 3 282 3 614 332 10,1 316 332 16 5,1 India 10 3 002 2 780-222 -7,4 201 205 5 2,3 South Africa 11 2 438 2 486 48 2,0 200 204 4 2,1 Vietnam 12 2 261 2 414 153 6,8 160 190 31 19,3 Thailand 13 2 444 2 386-58 -2,4 195 180-15 -7,5 New Zealand 14 2 471 2 362-110 -4,4 144 140-4 -2,9 Chile 15 2 371 2 342-29 -1,2 163 146-17 -10,7 Canada 16 2 236 2 192-44 -2,0 299 336 37 12,3 Peru 17 1 923 2 154 230 12,0 213 243 29 13,8 Colombia 18 2 087 2 105 18 0,8 173 182 9 5,1 Malaysia 19 2 219 2 031-188 -8,5 174 175 1 0,4 Australia 20 2 057 1 969-88 -4,3 252 170-82 -32,6 other countries 30 716 31 482 766 2,5 2 532 2 799 266 10,5 Table 5: EU28 agri-food imports most important changes in December 2016 EU28 agri-food imports from. Jan16 - to Extra-EU28 113 681 111 945-1 735-1,5 9 737 9 782 45 0,5 Indonesia 7 4 306 4 147-159 -3,7 338 399 61 18,1 Tunisia 43 811 489-323 -39,8 34 84 50 149,3 Moldova 41 409 499 90 22,0 39 82 42 107,6 Madagascar 47 224 342 118 52,6 38 76 38 99,1 Morocco 21 1 787 1 923 137 7,6 184 221 37 20,1 Canada 16 2 236 2 192-44 -2,0 299 336 37 12,3 Vietnam 12 2 261 2 414 153 6,8 160 190 31 19,3 Peru 17 1 923 2 154 230 12,0 213 243 29 13,8 Philippines 33 815 834 19 2,3 52 77 25 49,2 Nigeria 37 500 640 140 28,0 29 51 23 79,1 Thailand 13 2 444 2 386-58 -2,4 195 180-15 -7,5 Russia 25 1 425 1 413-12 -0,8 164 147-17 -10,2 Chile 15 2 371 2 342-29 -1,2 163 146-17 -10,7 Turkey 6 5 004 4 640-364 -7,3 426 407-19 -4,5 Malawi 51 327 270-56 -17,3 43 23-20 -46,0 Uruguay 34 826 772-54 -6,5 58 34-24 -41,1 Brazil 1 13 352 11 940-1 413-10,6 941 905-36 -3,9 Ukraine 8 4 063 4 067 3 0,1 499 456-43 -8,6 Australia 20 2 057 1 969-88 -4,3 252 170-82 -32,6 United States of America 2 11 916 11 207-709 -5,9 1 196 1 004-192 -16,1 other countries 54 624 55 308 684 1,3 4 415 4 551 136 3,1 to
Table 6: EU28 agri-food imports by product category PRODUCT/PERIOD to EU 28 IMPORT mio % mio % All agri-food products 113 681 111 945 9 737-1,5 9 737 9 782 45 0,5 Commodities 47 796 46 758-1 038-2,2 4 226 4 285 59 1,4 Other primary 31 006 31 232 226 0,7 2 718 2 744 26 1,0 Processed 14 071 13 035-1 036-7,4 1 121 1 121 0 0,0 Food preparations 6 711 6 922 211 3,2 545 581 37 6,8 Beverages 2 745 2 902 157 5,7 208 193-15 -7,3 Non-edible 7 452 8 648 1 197 16,1 876 1 002 125 14,3 Wheat 1 605 1 255-349 -21,8 134 124-10 -7,5 Cereals, other than wheat and rice 2 404 2 341-63 -2,6 352 241-111 -31,5 Rice 1 164 1 044-120 -10,3 95 88-7 -7,4 Flours and other products of the milling industry 159 168 9 5,5 18 15-3 -18,5 Malt 1 5 5 561,8 0 0 0 1 570,5 Starches, inulin & gluten 56 52-4 -6,8 3 3 0 6,0 Soyabeans 5 259 5 249-10 -0,2 471 454-17 -3,7 Oilseeds, other than soyabeans 3 153 3 389 236 7,5 392 427 36 9,1 Palm & palm kernel oil 5 621 5 489-133 -2,4 434 514 80 18,6 Vegetable oils other than palm & olive oil 1 929 2 329 399 20,7 197 220 22 11,3 Oilcakes 8 565 7 335-1 230-14,4 742 668-74 -10,0 Other feed and feed ingredients 889 867-22 -2,5 91 69-22 -24,5 Beet and cane sugar 1 287 1 431 144 11,2 89 114 25 27,7 Sugar, other than beet & cane 443 446 3 0,7 38 36-2 -6,5 Milk powders and whey 43 46 4 8,4 4 3 0-13,1 Butter 72 60-12 -16,7 6 7 2 30,1 Gums, resins and plant extracts 955 928-27 -2,8 69 70 1 1,8 Unraosted coffee, tea in bulk & mate 8 008 7 484-523 -6,5 529 675 146 27,5 Cocoa beans 4 196 4 811 615 14,7 382 374-8 -2,0 Cocoa paste and powder 1 973 1 995 23 1,1 180 183 4 2,1 Agricultural commodities, not specified 16 35 19 120,5 0 0 0 368,6 Live animals 278 279 2 0,6 41 66 25 60,4 Bovine meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 1 808 1 751-57 -3,1 147 130-17 -11,3 Pork meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 35 32-3 -9,0 3 2-1 -31,9 Poultry meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 334 298-37 -11,0 31 18-13 -42,0 Sheep and goat meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 1 086 964-122 -11,2 84 73-11 -12,8 Offal, animal fat & other meats, fresh, chilled & frozen 1 135 1 039-97 -8,5 99 89-9 -9,6 Fresh milk and cream, buttermilk and yoghurt 28 28 0-0,2 2 1-1 -39,0 Eggs and honey 561 495-67 -11,9 39 40 0 0,8 Vegetables, fresh, chilled and dried 4 302 4 621 319 7,4 422 475 52 12,4 Fruit, fresh or dried, excl. citrus & tropical fruit 5 915 5 929 14 0,2 572 566-5 -0,9 Citrus fruit 1 738 2 034 297 17,1 110 114 4 3,9 Tropical fruit, fresh or dried, nuts and spices 13 107 13 050-57 -0,4 1 094 1 104 10 0,9 Miscellaneous seeds and hop cones 677 710 32 4,8 74 64-10 -13,2 Agricultural primary products, not specified 1 1 0 57,5 0 0 0 616,3 Meat preparations 2 275 2 110-165 -7,2 174 160-14 -7,8 Cheese 434 447 13 3,0 48 46-2 -3,6 Olive oil 725 350-375 -51,7 25 71 46 182,2 Preparations of vegetables, fruit or nuts 3 823 3 508-315 -8,2 309 305-4 -1,4 Fruit juices 2 374 2 270-104 -4,4 174 183 9 5,4 Wine, vermouth, cider and vinegar 2 823 2 694-129 -4,6 245 219-25 -10,3 Roasted coffee and tea 1 617 1 656 39 2,4 147 136-10 -7,0 Chocolate, confectionery and ice cream 1 167 1 195 28 2,4 93 96 4 4,0 Infant food & other prep of cereals, flour, starch or milk 391 387-4 -1,1 37 33-4 -9,6 Pasta, pastry, biscuits and bread 1 213 1 244 31 2,6 102 110 8 7,7 Soups and sauces 654 691 37 5,7 56 59 2 3,6 Coffee and tea extracts 532 512-20 -3,8 39 45 6 14,5 Food preparations, not specified 1 728 1 788 59 3,4 134 149 15 11,2 Pet food 1 026 1 106 80 7,8 84 90 6 7,2 Waters and soft drinks 926 989 63 6,8 62 61-1 -0,9 Beer 289 359 70 24,3 22 22 0 2,0 Spirits and liqueurs 1 521 1 532 10 0,7 125 109-16 -12,7 Odoriferous substances 9 22 13 154,6 0 1 1 208,3 Raw hides, skins and furskins 735 655-80 -10,9 56 63 7 11,9 Non edible animal products 353 353 0 0,1 32 31-1 -4,0 Wool and silk 824 891 66 8,1 55 66 11 19,2 Cotton, flax and hemp, and plaiting materials 589 509-80 -13,5 45 33-13 -28,1 Cut flowers and plants 1 321 1 318-3 -0,2 104 105 2 1,8 Bulbs, roots and live plants 824 860 36 4,4 63 65 2 3,5 Raw tobacco 2 714 2 312-402 -14,8 235 194-41 -17,5 Cigars and cigarettes 250 320 70 28,1 23 20-2 -10,5 Fatty acids and waxes 1 505 1 587 82 5,4 124 145 21 17,0 Sugar alcohols 18 22 3 18,1 2 2 0-12,1 Essential oils 889 922 33 3,7 68 67-1 -1,6 Ethanol 305 302-3 -0,8 30 9-21 -69,1 Casein, other albuminoidal sub. & mod. starches 777 665-112 -14,4 52 45-8 -15,0 Non-edible, not specified 6 16 10 158,2 0 0 0 5,9 Products non-attributable 244 549 305 124,9 30 28-2 -5,1 Dec 16 to Dec 15