Monitoring EU Agri-Food Trade: Development until December 2015 December 2015 - EU agri-food exports again higher than in previous years EU agri-food exports in December 2015 achieved a value of EUR 11.2 billion, thus exceeding the value of previous years for the same month by almost EUR 1 billion. This is an up-take of more than 9% compared to the usual export values in December. Highest increases in monthly export values were recorded for USA, China and Japan, as well as for some Middle East countries (Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates), while the most important reductions were in exports to Hong Kong, Algeria and again, Russia. The highest increases in monthly export values were witnessed for wheat (EUR +168 million compared to December 2014) as well as for vegetables (EUR +76 million) and for pork (EUR +72 million) On the other hand, monthly export values in Dec 2015 compared to Dec 2014 went down in particular for milk powders (EUR -20 million) and for hides and skins (EUR -32 million) and other non-edible products. In December 2015 agri-food imports to the EU increased to EUR 9.6 billion form EUR 8.9 billion in December 2014. The highest increase in monthly imports was from Ukraine, followed by imports from USA and Australia. Imports went down in particular from Indonesia in December 2015 compared to December 2014 The trade balance for all EU agri-food products in 2015 showed a surplus in exports of about EUR 16 billion, at bit lower than in 2014 (EUR 18 billion).
Export performance in 2015 still at record level In 2015, EU agri-food exports to third countries attained a value of more than EUR 129 billion, meaning an increase by 6% in value compared to 2014. Outstanding export values were achieved in March, July and December 2015. Over the 12 months period, major gains in export values were achieved in the USA (+18.5%) China (+39%), now second export destination taking the place of Russia, as well as on other key markets such as Saudi Arabia (+34%) and Turkey (+20%). Exports to Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Australia, Canada and South Korea also increased in 2015. Due to the embargo, Russia fell down to fourth position and annual EU agrifood exports to Russia decreased from EUR 9 billion (2014) to EUR 5.6 billion in 2015, i.e. a reduction in values by 39%. Analysing the 2015 annual export performance per product category, export values increased in particular for cereals other than wheat (EUR +1.2 billion; +68% compared to 2014 export values), wine (EUR +835 million; +9%), spirits and liqueurs (EUR +641 million; +7%) as well as for raw hides, skins and furskins (EUR +526 million; +23%), for live animals (EUR +486 million; +25%) and for beer, waters and soft drinks. In relative terms, high increases in 2015 export values were also seen for soya beans, eggs and honey and raw tobacco. On the negative side, milk powders (EUR -843 million; -17%), fresh fruit (EUR -341 million; -12%) and cheese (EUR -120 million; -3%) lost most in export values over the last year, all of them products concerned by either the Russian embargo or the contraction of Chinese demand for dairy products. Also oilseeds other than soya beans (-17%) and sugar (-13%) experienced losses in export values, although at lower absolute value compared to the products mentioned before. EU agri-food imports: increase by almost EUR 9 billion in 2015 Agri-food imports from third countries in 2015 came into the EU at a value of EUR 113 billion, corresponding to an increase by 8.7% compared to 2014 import values. Analysing the origin, imports from Brazil, the traditional first EU supplier, remained quite stable. Imports from the USA, which is already the second most important supplier, showed the highest increase in values (EUR +1.6 billion; +16%) in 2015 compared to 2014. Remarkable increases were recorded for agri-food imports from Turkey (EUR +862 million; +21%), China (EUR +489 million; +10%) Argentina (EUR +466 million; +9%), Vietnam (EUR +377 mio; +20%), and from Colombia (EUR +360 million; +21%). On the other hand, 2015 imports from Indonesia decreased by EUR 189 million (-4%) and imports from Canada went down by EUR 42 million (-2%) compared to 2014. Looking at 2015 imports per product category, total imports of commodities in value terms remained almost stable (-0.7%), but, in detail, imports of cereals other than wheat and rice decreased (EUR -517 million; -18%), as well as imports of oilcakes (EUR -341 million; -4%), beet and cane sugar (EUR -334 million; -21%), soya beans (EUR -283 million; -5%) and palm oil (EUR -272 million; -5%). On the other hand, imports of unroasted coffee and tea increased sizeably (EUR +1.1 billion; +15%) as well as imports of wheat and oilseeds (other than soya beans). For products other than commodities, increases were registered in particular for imports of tropical fruit, nuts and spices (EUR +2.7 billion; +26%), fruit and vegetable preparations (EUR +757 million; +25%), fresh fruit (EUR +511 million; +9.5%), fresh vegetables (EUR +373 million; +9.5%), as well as raw tobacco (EUR +285 million; +12%). The most remarkable increase in import values was registered for olive oil, jumping form EUR 143 million in 2014 to EUR 724 million in 2015, four times as high as in the year before. (extraction date for statistics: 10/02/2016)
Focus on: EU trade with Ukraine The EU and Ukraine have concluded an Association Agreement. The treaty creates a so called Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) that covers the territories of both the EU and Ukraine. The free trade area came into effect on 1 January 2016. Already since April 2014, in response to the security, political and economic challenges faced by Ukraine, the EU unilaterally granted Ukraine preferential access to the EU market. EU trade with Ukraine has been steadily growing with annual rates of change for 2005 to 2015 of 17.5% for EU imports from Ukraine and 6.2% for EU exports to Ukraine. In 2015, Ukraine was the 8 th largest import partner for agri-food products for the EU and the 22 nd largest export partner. The EU's trade balance in agri-food with Ukraine is negative: in 2015 EUR 1.4 billion worth of agri-food products were exported while imports had a value of EUR 4 billion (trade balance of around EUR -2.6 billion). This negative balance that had started to decrease in 2012 and in 2013 has resumed an upward trend as a result of the economic and politic crisis affecting that country. While EU exports to Ukraine are quite balanced across the different categories of products, imports are strongly concentrated in the category of commodities. The main imports are cereals other than wheat and rice (34% of all agri-food imports from Ukraine in 2015), followed by vegetable oils other than palm and olive oils (16%) and oilseeds other than soya beans (12%). Top EU28 agri-food imports from Ukraine: trade value and share in 2015 Soyabeans 136 4% Wheat 291 7% Oilcakes 484 12% Remaining Agri-food products 614 15% Oilseeds, other than soyabeans 489 12% Vegetable oils other than palm & olive oils 635 16% Cereals, other than wheat and rice 1 359 34% Source: COMEXT units: million Euro, %
Table 1: EU28 agri-food exports top 20 destinations EU28 agri-food exports to. Jan15 - to Jan14 - to Extra-EU28 121 837 129 166 7 329 6,0 10 301 11 250 949 9,2 United States of America 1 16 373 19 403 3 029 18,5 1 495 1 737 242 16,2 China 2 7 438 10 341 2 904 39,0 651 754 104 15,9 Switzerland 3 7 210 7 668 458 6,3 588 642 54 9,2 Russia 4 9 070 5 568-3 502-38,6 514 473-41 -7,9 Japan 5 5 320 5 354 34 0,6 419 474 55 13,1 Saudi Arabia 6 3 578 4 791 1 214 33,9 315 432 118 37,4 Hong Kong 7 4 528 4 491-37 -0,8 383 317-66 -17,2 Norway 8 4 024 4 086 62 1,5 309 325 16 5,0 Canada 9 3 131 3 419 288 9,2 219 260 41 18,9 Turkey 10 2 850 3 408 558 19,6 282 306 24 8,4 Algeria 11 3 611 3 213-398 -11,0 346 305-41 -11,9 United Arab Emirates 12 2 730 3 042 313 11,5 229 308 79 34,6 Australia 13 2 499 2 798 299 12,0 223 257 34 15,2 Korea (Republic of) 14 2 196 2 441 245 11,2 218 206-12 -5,5 Egypt 15 1 972 2 279 306 15,5 189 244 55 28,8 Singapore 16 1 935 2 046 110 5,7 162 168 6 3,4 South Africa 17 1 572 1 695 124 7,9 128 134 6 4,7 Brazil 18 1 629 1 594-35 -2,1 148 136-12 -8,3 Israel 19 1 253 1 480 227 18,1 121 164 43 35,7 Morocco 20 1 630 1 456-173 -10,6 120 138 17 14,5 other countries 37 289 38 593 1 303 3,5 3 241 3 470 229 7,1 Table 2: EU28 agri-food exports most important changes in December 2015 EU28 agri-food exports to. Jan15 - to Jan14 - to Extra-EU28 121 837 129 166 7 329 6,0 10 301 11 250 949 9,2 United States of America 1 16 373 19 403 3 029 18,5 1 495 1 737 242 16,2 Saudi Arabia 6 3 578 4 791 1 214 33,9 315 432 118 37,4 China 2 7 438 10 341 2 904 39,0 651 754 104 15,9 United Arab Emirates 12 2 730 3 042 313 11,5 229 308 79 34,6 Japan 5 5 320 5 354 34 0,6 419 474 55 13,1 Egypt 15 1 972 2 279 306 15,5 189 244 55 28,8 Switzerland 3 7 210 7 668 458 6,3 588 642 54 9,2 Mexico 21 1 112 1 377 265 23,8 75 127 52 69,8 Ethiopia 77 95 206 111 116,9 7 59 52 741,6 Indonesia 38 723 735 12 1,6 53 102 49 93,5 Korea (Republic of) 14 2 196 2 441 245 11,2 218 206-12 -5,5 Brazil 18 1 629 1 594-35 -2,1 148 136-12 -8,3 Pakistan 63 328 285-43 -13,1 43 28-14 -34,0 Tunisia 41 579 670 91 15,6 68 53-15 -21,7 Libya 25 1 173 1 146-27 -2,3 112 93-19 -17,1 Angola 34 1 216 872-344 -28,3 91 61-29 -32,2 Russia 4 9 070 5 568-3 502-38,6 514 473-41 -7,9 Algeria 11 3 611 3 213-398 -11,0 346 305-41 -11,9 Hong Kong 7 4 528 4 491-37 -0,8 383 317-66 -17,2 other countries 49 936 52 571 2 635 5,3 4 242 4 612 370 8,7
Table 3: EU28 agri-food exports by product category PRODUCT/PERIOD Jan15 - to Jan14 - EU28 EXPORT to mio % mio % All agri-food products 121 837 129 166 7 329 6,0 10 301 11 250 949 9,2 Commodities 24 268 25 437 1 169 4,8 1 941 2 263 322 16,6 Other primary 19 961 20 959 997 5,0 1 790 2 073 283 15,8 Processed 21 945 23 178 1 234 5,6 1 860 1 994 134 7,2 Food preparations 25 382 26 753 1 371 5,4 2 166 2 320 154 7,1 Beverages 15 804 17 378 1 574 10,0 1 394 1 455 60 4,3 Non-edible 14 477 15 461 984 6,8 1 150 1 146-4 -0,4 Wheat 6 302 6 336 35 0,6 482 650 168 34,8 Cereals, other than wheat and rice 1 754 2 944 1 190 67,8 181 225 44 24,3 Rice 212 208-3 -1,6 23 19-5 -20,5 Flours and other products of the milling industry 685 759 73 10,7 54 69 15 27,3 Malt 1 051 1 080 29 2,8 84 90 6 7,0 Starches, inulin & gluten 772 837 65 8,4 61 72 10 16,8 Soyabeans 32 74 42 130,2 5 11 6 125,5 Oilseeds, other than soyabeans 736 608-128 -17,4 71 67-4 -5,6 Palm & palm kernel oil 150 118-33 -21,7 10 7-3 -27,7 Vegetable oils other than palm & olive oil 1 944 2 254 310 16,0 148 184 36 24,1 Oilcakes 313 322 9 3,0 28 22-6 -21,4 Other feed and feed ingredients 1 066 1 132 66 6,2 85 88 3 3,3 Beet and cane sugar 599 524-75 -12,5 56 49-6 -11,1 Sugar, other than beet & cane 458 486 28 6,0 37 42 5 14,5 Milk powders and whey 4 994 4 151-843 -16,9 369 350-20 -5,3 Butter 636 721 85 13,3 45 65 21 46,1 Gums, resins and plant extracts 934 1 117 183 19,5 77 98 21 27,5 Unraosted coffee, tea in bulk & mate 514 503-10 -2,0 40 40 0 0,5 Cocoa beans 15 15 0-0,7 1 2 1 49,9 Cocoa paste and powder 1 044 1 189 145 13,8 78 107 30 38,4 Agricultural commodities, not specified 56 59 3 5,4 5 5 0-0,4 Live animals 1 925 2 411 486 25,3 209 233 23 11,2 Bovine meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 549 618 69 12,6 47 63 16 32,9 Pork meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 3 677 3 957 280 7,6 300 372 72 24,0 Poultry meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 1 562 1 596 34 2,2 124 128 3 2,8 Sheep and goat meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 102 95-8 -7,5 7 7 0 6,2 Offal, animal fat & other meats, fresh, chilled & frozen 2 300 2 353 53 2,3 188 197 8 4,5 Fresh milk and cream, buttermilk and yoghurt 978 976-2 -0,2 64 81 17 27,5 Eggs and honey 595 756 161 27,0 51 70 18 35,9 Vegetables, fresh, chilled and dried 2 838 2 900 62 2,2 314 390 76 24,1 Fruit, fresh or dried, excl. citrus & tropical fruit 2 837 2 497-341 -12,0 206 215 9 4,6 Citrus fruit 554 512-42 -7,6 86 91 5 5,9 Tropical fruit, fresh or dried, nuts and spices 792 930 138 17,4 79 88 9 11,5 Miscellaneous seeds and hop cones 1 251 1 358 107 8,5 115 138 24 20,9 Agricultural primary products, not specified 0 0 0 0 0 0 Meat preparations 1 255 1 248-7 -0,6 107 109 2 2,3 Cheese 3 602 3 482-120 -3,3 282 301 19 6,6 Olive oil 2 125 2 257 132 6,2 172 219 48 27,7 Preparations of vegetables, fruit or nuts 3 873 4 109 236 6,1 336 346 10 3,0 Fruit juices 737 775 38 5,1 60 57-3 -4,4 Wine, cider and vinegar 9 404 10 239 835 8,9 817 865 48 5,9 Roasted coffee and tea 948 1 068 120 12,7 86 96 10 11,8 Chocolate, confectionery and ice cream 4 898 5 121 224 4,6 426 434 8 1,9 Infant food & other prep of cereals, flour, starch or milk 6 004 6 302 298 5,0 528 543 15 2,8 Pasta, pastry, biscuits and bread 4 281 4 617 336 7,9 357 389 32 9,0 Soups and sauces 1 163 1 174 11 1,0 97 97 0 0,1 Coffee and tea extracts 751 790 39 5,2 56 63 7 12,3 Food preparations, not specified 5 192 5 324 132 2,5 440 486 45 10,3 Pet food 3 095 3 425 331 10,7 262 309 46 17,7 Waters and soft drinks 2 934 3 345 411 14,0 222 241 19 8,5 Beer 2 865 3 371 506 17,7 218 261 43 19,9 Spirits, liqueurs and vermouth 9 761 10 402 641 6,6 933 932-1 -0,1 Odoriferous substances 245 261 16 6,7 21 20-1 -3,1 Raw hides, skins and furskins 2 296 2 822 526 22,9 114 83-32 -27,8 Non edible animal products 419 444 25 5,9 33 38 5 15,7 Wool and silk 169 174 5 3,0 14 14 1 5,3 Cotton, flax and hemp, and plaiting materials 769 777 7 1,0 93 87-6 -6,7 Cut flowers and plants 663 682 19 2,9 56 65 10 17,4 Bulbs, roots and live plants 1 498 1 567 69 4,6 102 118 16 15,8 Raw tobacco 770 957 187 24,2 70 89 19 27,6 Cigars and cigarettes 3 215 3 172-43 -1,3 251 255 3 1,3 Fatty acids and waxes 482 529 47 9,8 46 43-2 -5,3 Sugar alcohols 160 144-16 -10,1 11 10-2 -15,2 Essential oils 501 572 72 14,4 38 51 13 34,9 Ethanol 174 152-22 -12,8 16 13-3 -18,1 Casein, other albuminoidal sub. & mod. starches 1 928 1 955 27 1,4 156 166 10 6,6 Non-edible, not specified 1 283 1 342 58 4,6 137 101-36 -26,5 Products non-attributable 150 172 22 14,6 13 13-1 -5,3
Table 4: EU28 agri-food imports top 20 origins EU28 agri-food imports from. Jan15 - to Jan14 - to Extra-EU28 104 071 113 110 9 039 8,7 8 929 9 581 652 7,3 Brazil 1 13 226 13 203-24 -0,2 951 945-6 -0,6 United States of America 2 10 336 11 976 1 640 15,9 1 031 1 193 163 15,8 Argentina 3 5 290 5 756 466 8,8 486 467-19 -3,8 China 4 4 657 5 146 489 10,5 437 455 18 4,2 Turkey 5 4 131 4 993 862 20,9 405 426 20 5,0 Switzerland 6 4 429 4 589 160 3,6 360 379 20 5,4 Indonesia 7 4 516 4 327-189 -4,2 397 339-58 -14,7 Ukraine 8 3 974 4 008 34 0,9 320 499 179 55,9 India 9 2 777 2 997 219 7,9 192 201 9 4,7 Ivory Coast 10 2 443 2 733 290 11,9 227 256 29 12,8 New Zealand 11 2 400 2 469 69 2,9 130 144 14 11,1 Thailand 12 2 203 2 437 234 10,6 171 195 24 13,8 South Africa 13 2 170 2 435 265 12,2 187 199 12 6,2 Chile 14 2 135 2 368 233 10,9 138 163 24 17,5 Vietnam 15 1 883 2 260 377 20,0 141 159 18 12,8 Malaysia 16 2 139 2 213 74 3,4 192 174-18 -9,4 Canada 17 2 249 2 210-40 -1,8 316 297-18 -5,8 Colombia 18 1 694 2 054 360 21,3 153 173 20 13,0 Australia 19 1 997 2 039 42 2,1 126 251 126 100,2 Peru 20 1 624 1 894 269 16,6 204 208 4 2,0 other countries 27 797 31 005 3 208 11,5 2 363 2 456 93 3,9 Table 5: EU28 agri-food imports most important changes in December 2015 EU28 agri-food imports from. Jan15 - to Jan14 - to Extra-EU28 104 071 113 110 9 039 8,7 8 929 9 581 652 7,3 Ukraine 8 3 974 4 008 34 0,9 320 499 179 55,9 United States of America 2 10 336 11 976 1 640 15,9 1 031 1 193 163 15,8 Australia 19 1 997 2 039 42 2,1 126 251 126 100,2 Russia 24 1 504 1 423-80 -5,3 112 163 51 45,8 Ivory Coast 10 2 443 2 733 290 11,9 227 256 29 12,8 Morocco 21 1 522 1 768 247 16,2 153 182 29 18,8 Uruguay 34 593 814 221 37,2 33 58 25 76,5 Chile 14 2 135 2 368 233 10,9 138 163 24 17,5 Thailand 12 2 203 2 437 234 10,6 171 195 24 13,8 Ecuador 23 1 415 1 462 47 3,3 129 119-10 -7,9 Nigeria 44 507 419-88 -17,3 30 18-13 -42,4 Israel 30 938 941 3 0,3 90 77-13 -15,0 Malaysia 16 2 139 2 213 74 3,4 192 174-18 -9,4 Canada 17 2 249 2 210-40 -1,8 316 297-18 -5,8 Argentina 3 5 290 5 756 466 8,8 486 467-19 -3,8 Tunisia 35 298 812 514 172,7 57 33-24 -42,0 Ghana 25 1 335 1 263-72 -5,4 122 96-26 -21,1 Cameroon 37 657 597-59 -9,0 90 43-47 -52,5 Indonesia 7 4 516 4 327-189 -4,2 397 339-58 -14,7 other countries 57 681 63 128 5 447 9,4 4 685 4 908 223 4,8
Table 6: EU28 agri-food imports by product category PRODUCT/PERIOD Jan15 - to Jan14 - EU 28 IMPORT to mio % mio % All agri-food products 104 071 113 110 8 929 8,7 8 929 9 581 652 7,3 Commodities 45 672 45 794 122 0,3 3 794 4 073 279 7,4 Other primary 26 445 30 934 4 489 17,0 2 474 2 697 224 9,0 Processed 12 114 14 141 2 028 16,7 1 046 1 141 95 9,0 Food preparations 5 876 6 593 718 12,2 491 539 47 9,6 Beverages 2 509 2 746 237 9,5 181 209 28 15,5 Non-edible 7 452 8 648 1 197 16,1 876 1 002 125 14,3 Wheat 1 294 1 606 312 24,1 157 134-22 -14,3 Cereals, other than wheat and rice 2 871 2 354-517 -18,0 175 352 178 101,5 Rice 1 059 1 159 100 9,5 71 95 24 34,2 Flours and other products of the milling industry 134 156 22 16,5 11 16 5 44,8 Malt 2 1-1 -55,3 0 0 0-18,2 Starches, inulin & gluten 52 55 3 6,4 4 3-1 -15,7 Soyabeans 5 264 4 981-283 -5,4 434 471 37 8,5 Oilseeds, other than soyabeans 2 960 3 118 158 5,3 217 390 174 80,2 Palm & palm kernel oil 5 679 5 408-272 -4,8 453 430-23 -5,0 Vegetable oils other than palm & olive oil 1 840 1 905 65 3,5 145 197 52 36,3 Oilcakes 8 716 8 375-341 -3,9 774 737-37 -4,8 Other feed and feed ingredients 843 879 36 4,3 74 91 17 22,9 Beet and cane sugar 1 619 1 284-334 -20,6 81 89 8 9,8 Sugar, other than beet & cane 456 440-16 -3,6 33 38 5 14,0 Milk powders and whey 47 42-5 -10,4 4 3 0-3,9 Butter 152 71-81 -53,4 5 6 1 11,7 Gums, resins and plant extracts 831 955 124 14,9 72 69-4 -5,3 Unraosted coffee, tea in bulk & mate 6 940 8 002 1 063 15,3 607 529-78 -12,9 Cocoa beans 3 171 3 232 61 1,9 310 236-74 -23,7 Cocoa paste and powder 1 742 1 724-18 -1,1 167 185 18 10,8 Agricultural commodities, not specified 0 46 46 0 0 0 Live animals 221 277 56 25,5 44 41-3 -5,7 Bovine meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 1 625 1 806 180 11,1 135 147 12 8,6 Pork meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 39 35-3 -8,8 3 3 0-8,9 Poultry meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 315 334 19 6,0 19 31 12 62,1 Sheep and goat meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 986 1 086 100 10,1 70 84 13 18,9 Offal, animal fat & other meats, fresh, chilled & frozen 1 137 1 147 9 0,8 91 100 9 9,6 Fresh milk and cream, buttermilk and yoghurt 29 28-1 -3,6 2 2 0 29,7 Eggs and honey 422 560 138 32,6 34 39 5 15,0 Vegetables, fresh, chilled and dried 3 911 4 284 373 9,5 375 419 44 11,7 Fruit, fresh or dried, excl. citrus & tropical fruit 5 360 5 871 511 9,5 577 560-16 -2,8 Citrus fruit 1 490 1 732 242 16,3 92 109 17 18,8 Tropical fruit, fresh or dried, nuts and spices 10 373 13 091 2 717 26,2 979 1 089 111 11,3 Miscellaneous seeds and hop cones 518 674 155 30,0 54 74 20 36,7 Agricultural primary products, not specified 18 10-8 -45,5 0 0 0 Meat preparations 2 124 2 269 145 6,8 165 174 9 5,2 Cheese 476 434-42 -8,8 44 47 4 8,6 Olive oil 143 724 581 404,9 39 25-14 -36,0 Preparations of vegetables, fruit or nuts 3 063 3 819 757 24,7 290 310 20 6,7 Fruit juices 2 274 2 465 191 8,4 176 195 19 10,8 Wine, cider and vinegar 2 488 2 813 325 13,1 203 243 40 19,7 Roasted coffee and tea 1 545 1 617 72 4,6 129 147 18 14,0 Chocolate, confectionery and ice cream 955 1 161 206 21,5 77 92 15 20,1 Infant food & other prep of cereals, flour, starch or milk 328 391 63 19,2 27 37 9 33,4 Pasta, pastry, biscuits and bread 1 054 1 210 156 14,8 90 102 12 13,1 Soups and sauces 618 653 35 5,6 56 57 1 1,9 Coffee and tea extracts 450 529 79 17,7 40 39-1 -2,1 Food preparations, not specified 1 587 1 633 46 2,9 129 128-1 -0,6 Pet food 883 1 016 133 15,1 72 84 12 16,1 Waters and soft drinks 873 925 51 5,9 58 62 3 5,9 Beer 242 289 46 19,0 15 22 6 40,8 Spirits, liqueurs and vermouth 1 386 1 524 138 10,0 107 126 19 17,7 Odoriferous substances 7 9 1 15,9 1 0 0-53,6 Raw hides, skins and furskins 853 734-119 -14,0 74 56-18 -23,8 Non edible animal products 371 352-19 -5,1 31 32 1 4,4 Wool and silk 808 824 17 2,0 52 55 4 7,2 Cotton, flax and hemp, and plaiting materials 581 589 8 1,3 40 45 6 14,7 Cut flowers and plants 1 255 1 318 63 5,0 103 103 0 0,2 Bulbs, roots and live plants 759 823 64 8,4 60 62 3 4,8 Raw tobacco 2 428 2 713 285 11,7 245 236-8 -3,4 Cigars and cigarettes 202 249 47 23,4 18 23 5 26,8 Fatty acids and waxes 1 633 1 484-149 -9,1 131 123-8 -6,2 Sugar alcohols 10 18 8 84,3 1 2 1 42,5 Essential oils 670 889 219 32,6 58 68 10 17,5 Ethanol 337 303-33 -9,9 19 30 11 57,5 Casein, other albuminoidal sub. & mod. starches 843 775-68 -8,1 66 52-14 -21,1 Non-edible, not specified 37 6-31 -83,8 16 0-16 -98,5 Products non-attributable 669 1 825 1 156 172,9 30 33 3 10,1