Famil: Fabaceae Taxo: Ormosia moosperma Som: Ormosia dascarpa A. B. Jacks. Sophora moosperma Sw. (basiom) Commo Name: ecklace tree bead tree jumb bea jumb tree Questioaire : curret 20090513 Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: EVALUATE Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 1 101 Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? 103 Does the species have weed races? 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio 205 302 Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals 405 Toxic to aimals 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) Prit Date: 8/17/2012 Ormosia moosperma (Fabaceae) Page 1 of 8
411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit 412 Forms dese thickets 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat 602 Produces viable seed 603 Hbridizes aturall 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio 607 Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, 4+ ears = -1 701 Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people 703 Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat 704 Propagules adapted to wid dispersal 705 Propagules water dispersed 706 Propagules bird dispersed 707 Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut 801 Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) 802 Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) 803 Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire 805 Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: EVALUATE WRA Score 1 Prit Date: 8/17/2012 Ormosia moosperma (Fabaceae) Page 2 of 8
Supportig Data: 101 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Is the species highl domesticated? No evidece] 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 201 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islads Biodiversit Database, Versio 2007.2.. Cook Islads Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotoga http://cookislads.bishopmuseum.org 201 2012. USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN). http://www.ars-gri.gov/cgibi/pgs/html/idex.pl 202 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islads Biodiversit Database, Versio 2007.2.. Cook Islads Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotoga http://cookislads.bishopmuseum.org 203 2012. Tropicos.org. Tropicos [Olie Database]. Missouri Botaical Garde, http://www.tropicos.org/ 204 1980. Woodso, Jr., R.E./Scher, R.W./Dwer, J.D. Et al.. Flora of Paama. Part V. Famil 83. Legumiosae. Subfamil Papiliooideae (Coclusio). Aals of the Missouri Botaical Garde. 67(3): 523-818. 204 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islads Biodiversit Database, Versio 2007.2.. Cook Islads Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotoga http://cookislads.bishopmuseum.org 205 1985. Smith, A.C.. Flora Vitiesis Nova: A New Flora of Fiji (Spermatophtes Ol). Volume 3. Natioal Tropical Botaical Garde, Lawai, HI 205 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islads Biodiversit Database, Versio 2007.2.. Cook Islads Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotoga http://cookislads.bishopmuseum.org 205 2010. Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. ( eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 10 (Fabaceae). Sciece Press Beijig, ad Missouri Botaical Garde 301 1985. Smith, A.C.. Flora Vitiesis Nova: A New Flora of Fiji (Spermatophtes Ol). Volume 3. Natioal Tropical Botaical Garde, Lawai, HI 301 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islads Biodiversit Database, Versio 2007.2.. Cook Islads Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotoga http://cookislads.bishopmuseum.org 301 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 301 2010. Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. ( eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 10 (Fabaceae). Sciece Press Beijig, ad Missouri Botaical Garde 302 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 303 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "NATIVE Caribbea - Veezuela" [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Caribbea: Triidad ad Tobago; West Idies [Lesser Atilles] Norther South America: Veezuela" [Qualit of climate match data 2-High] [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? Yes] Collected from 200 m elevatio i Domiica to elevatios up to 1480 m elevatio i Veezuela. Elevatio rage exceeds 1000 m, demostratig evirometal versatilit. [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Ormosia is a geus of some 100 species, approximatel half of which are America tropical rai forest elemets ad the remaider of the Old World. This Asia-America disjuct distributio is curious, with o sigle species commo to both hemispheres." [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "NATIVE Caribbea - Veezuela" [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "occasioall cultivated i Fiji ear sea level." "Distributio: Lesser Atilles to Triidad ad ortheaster Veezuela, cultivated elsewhere, i the Pacific at least i Java ad Hawaii." [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Cook Islads] "Itroduced - Recet, Not aturalised; S.Group (RR ol); Lad, lowlads, gardes" [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Taiwa] "Ormosia moosperma (Swartz) Urba was reported for Taiwa b F. C. Ho (J. Taiwa Mus. 36(2): 1 5. 1983), but the species is ot kow as a escape, ol as a cultivated orametal." [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece from Fiji] "A tree to 17 m. high where idigeous, occasioall cultivated i Fiji ear sea level. The leaflets, usuall 7-11, are up to 20 x 6 cm., ad the petals are dark purple, the stadard with a white spot." [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece from Cook Islads] "COOK ISLANDS STATUS: Itroduced - Recet, Not aturalised; S.Group (RR ol); Lad, lowlads, gardes" [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece] [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece i Taiwa] "Ormosia moosperma (Swartz) Urba was reported for Taiwa b F. C. Ho (J. Taiwa Mus. 36(2): 1 5. 1983), but the species is ot kow as a escape, ol as a cultivated orametal." [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No evidece] [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No evidece] Prit Date: 8/17/2012 Ormosia moosperma (Fabaceae) Page 3 of 8
304 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 305 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 401 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islads Biodiversit Database, Versio 2007.2.. Cook Islads Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotoga http://cookislads.bishopmuseum.org 401 2010. Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. ( eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 10 (Fabaceae). Sciece Press Beijig, ad Missouri Botaical Garde [Evirometal weed? No evidece] [Cogeeric weed? No evidece] 402 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Allelopathic? Ukow] [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "Tree to 20m. LEAVES compoud with 7-11 leaflets, opposite+oe (=imparipiate); LEAFLETS oval to 20x6cm. INFLOR ope cluster; buds with red fuzz; flowers pea-like, petals dark purple, cetral petal with white cetre." [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "Trees or shrubs; buds aked or subteded b stipules." 403 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islads Biodiversit Database, Versio 2007.2.. Cook Islads Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotoga http://cookislads.bishopmuseum.org [Parasitic? No] "Tree to 20m." [Fabaceae] 404 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Ukow] 405 1980. Woodso, Jr., R.E./Scher, R.W./Dwer, J.D. Et al.. Flora of Paama. Part V. Famil 83. Legumiosae. Subfamil Papiliooideae (Coclusio). Aals of the Missouri Botaical Garde. 67(3): 523-818. 405 1994. Liuma, M./Okawa, Y./Taaka, T./Ho, F./Kobaashi, Y./Miauchi, K.. Ati-oral microbial activit of isoflavooids i root bark of Ormosia moosperma. Phtochemistr. 37(3): 889-891. 405 2002. Vozzo, J.A.. Tropical Tree Seed Maual. USDA Forest Service, Washigto, D.C. 406 2007. Herádez, J.R./Piepebrig, M./Vega Rios, M.B.. A ew species, Dicheiriia paamesis, ad ew records of rust fugi from Paama. Mcological Progress. 6(2): 81-91. 407 1980. Woodso, Jr., R.E./Scher, R.W./Dwer, J.D. Et al.. Flora of Paama. Part V. Famil 83. Legumiosae. Subfamil Papiliooideae (Coclusio). Aals of the Missouri Botaical Garde. 67(3): 523-818. [Toxic to aimals? Ukow] "Seeds of several species have bee tested as possible drug sources. The alkaloids ormosie ad ormosoie have bee isolated, possibl from 0.avilesis or 0. veezolaa, with the former reportedl havig a phsiological effect resemblig morphie (Hess & Merck, 1919). Ormosia macrocalx, origiall idetified as 0.paamesis, has ielded the alkaloid paamie, which iduced hpotesive actio i test dogs (Llod & Horig, 1958)." [Toxic to aimals? Ukow. Medicial properties] "From the root bark of Ormosia moosperma, 10 isoflavooids icludig two ew compouds 7,4 - dihdrox 6,6 dimethlprao-(2,3 :5,6)-8-(3-methl 1,3 butadiel)isoflavoe, amed ormosidi, ad dalbergio 4 -O-β-D-glucopraoside, were isolated. These structures were cofirmed b spectroscopic aalsis. 2,3 Dihdroauriculati, oe of the compouds isolated, showed moderate activities agaist oral-microbial orgaisms (Streptococcus mutas, Prophromoas gigivalis ad Actiomces actiomcetemcomitas)." [Toxic to aimals Seeds ma be toxic] "South America species of Ormosia produce both red ad bicolored (black ad red) seeds, the productio of which appears to be highl variable. While the red seeds are susceptible to bruchid attack, the bicolored seeds are highl toxic ad rarel attacked b bruchids (Va Stade ad others 1989)." [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Importace of rust ukow] "Abstract Based o a recet fieldwork i Paama, 25 species of rust fugi ad several ew hosts are reported for the first time from this coutr. Amog the ew records is oe ew species, Dicheiriia paamesis o Cojoba rufesces (Fabaceae). It differs from kow species i the geus Dicheiriia b the presece of urediia ad telia without paraphses, irregularl tuberculate urediiospores with two germ pores o the flatteed sides, ad tuberculate teliospores formed b three probasidial cells, subteded b a pedicel with three halie, apical cells." "D. soleioides (He.) Cummis was reported o Ormosia moosperma (Sw.) Urb. (=Ormosia dascarpa Jacks.) ad Ormosia sp. from Brazil (Cummis 1940; Jørstad 1959). It produces urediia ad telia with clidrical halie paraphses, triagular, echiulate urediiospores, ad teliospores with two promietl echiulate probasidial cells." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Ukow. Medicial uses] "Leaves, bark, ad roots are used aloe or i combiatio with other drug plats for a wide variet of ailmets ad maladies. I easter Veezuela, Ormosia moosperma ("pioia motaero") is utilized as follows: "the seed used b doctor; cook seed ad drik for pais of the heart; also cooked seed placed i water, give to childre to put aroud their ecks for sore throat" (collectors otes, Steermark 61330 [MO])." 408 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? Ukow] Prit Date: 8/17/2012 Ormosia moosperma (Fabaceae) Page 4 of 8
409 1999. Lidsa, K./Horwith, B.. A Vegetatio Classificatio of St. Kitts ad Nevis: Implicatios for Coservatio. Easter Caribbea Biodiversit Programme, St. Joh's, Atigua [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Probabl Yes. Survives i forest uderstor] "Mid-level uderstor: Bambusa sp., Ormosia moosperma, Aiba bracteata, Cathea arborea, Helicoia spp., Faramea occidetalis, Cecropia peltata, Hedsmum arboresces, Hirtella triadra, Micoia spp. ad other members of the Melastomataceae, Faramea occidetalis, Philodedro spp. (i trees) ad Euterpe globosa." 410 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? Ukow] 411 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islads Biodiversit Database, Versio 2007.2.. Cook Islads Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotoga http://cookislads.bishopmuseum.org 412 1978. Steermark, J.A.. Ormosia moosperma (Sw.) Urb. Collectio Number 117020. Accessio 3015264. Missouri Botaical Garde Herbarium. http://www.tropicos.org/specime/3203194 412 1987. Dal, D.C.. Ormosia moosperma (Sw.) Urb. Collectio Number 5284. Accessio 3868865. Missouri Botaical Garde Herbarium. http://www.tropicos.org/specime/2369748 412 1992. Kedall. Ormosia moosperma (Sw.) Urb. Collectio Number 55. Accessio 5337161. Missouri Botaical Garde Herbarium. http://www.tropicos.org/specime/2367009 412 2010. FAO. Coutries - Closed forests - Triidad ad Tobago [Accessed 17 Aug 2012]. http://www.fao.org/forestr/coutr/61326/e/tto/ 501 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islads Biodiversit Database, Versio 2007.2.. Cook Islads Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotoga http://cookislads.bishopmuseum.org 502 2012. USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN). http://www.ars-gri.gov/cgibi/pgs/html/idex.pl 503 2012. USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN). http://www.ars-gri.gov/cgibi/pgs/html/idex.pl 504 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islads Biodiversit Database, Versio 2007.2.. Cook Islads Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotoga http://cookislads.bishopmuseum.org 601 1998. Homer, F./Lal, K./Johso, W.. Forest species regeeratio ad maagemet optios i the Melajo Nature Reserve, Triidad ad Tobago. Evirometal Coservatio. 25(1): 53-64. 602 1985. Smith, A.C.. Flora Vitiesis Nova: A New Flora of Fiji (Spermatophtes Ol). Volume 3. Natioal Tropical Botaical Garde, Lawai, HI 602 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islads Biodiversit Database, Versio 2007.2.. Cook Islads Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotoga http://cookislads.bishopmuseum.org [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "Tree to 20m." [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] "Cerros del Bachiller, wester sector: virgi evergree forest, betwee base ad summit, above Quebrada Bachiller, south of Caño Rico ad Bachiller" [Veezuela, Mirada] [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] "More Aca, ca. 15 km SSE of Riviére Pilote, Semi-deciduous florest o steep slope." [Caribbea, Widward Islads, Martiique] [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] "St. Paul Parish. Coroa Estate. Growig i draiage area alog ewl cut road." [Caribbea, Leeward Islads, Domiica] [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] "There is o great floristic affiit betwee the Brsoima-Licaia associatio of Triidad ad Tobago ad the Licaia Oxthece associatio of the Atilles. The two associatios have oe of the pricipal domiats i commo, Licaia teratesis, but Oxthece pallida is a edemic species of the Lesser Atilles while Brsoima spicata behaves etirel differetl i those islads. It is ever foud i the motae zoe ad occurs ol occasioall i seasoal ad dr evergree vegetatio of the lower coutr. Other species shared b the two associatios are Sterculia caribaea, Micropholis chrsophlloides, Bucheavia capitata, Smphoia globulifera, Ormosia moosperma, Richeria gradis, Mailkara bidetata, Pithecellobium jupuba ad Hieroma caribaea. The elfi woodlad i Triidad is a co-associatio of Clusia itertexta ad is thus related to the gregarious Clusia veosa (Beard, 1949)." [Aquatic? No] "Tree to 20m." [Grass? No] Fabaceae [Nitroge fixig wood plat? Yes] Fabaceae 603 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow] [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "Tree to 20m." [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No evidece] [Produces viable seed? Yes] "The fruits are desel velutious, up to 6 x 3.5 x 2 cm. ad with 1-3 seeds, these red ad black ad up to 17 x 1 7 x 11 mm. Fruits have bee oted i Fiji i Jauar." [Produces viable seed? Yes] "FRUITS with brow fur; 6x4x2cm. SEEDS 1, circular, red ad black." Prit Date: 8/17/2012 Ormosia moosperma (Fabaceae) Page 5 of 8
604 1985. Bawa, K.S./Perr, D.R./Beach, J.H.. Reproductive Biolog of Tropical Lowlad Rai Forest Trees. I. Sexual Sstems ad Icompatibilit Mechaisms. America Joural of Bota. 72(3): 331-345. 605 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islads Biodiversit Database, Versio 2007.2.. Cook Islads Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotoga http://cookislads.bishopmuseum.org [Self-compatible or apomictic? Possibl No] "A overwhelmig majorit of hermaphroditic species were foud to be self-icompatible." [Ormosia spp. Listed as hermaphroditic] [Requires specialist polliators? No evidece] "INFLOR ope cluster; buds with red fuzz; flowers pea-like, petals dark purple, cetral petal with white cetre." [Flowers do ot appear to be specialized] 606 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? Ukow] 607 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Miimum geerative time (ears)? Ukow] 701 2010. Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. ( eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 10 (Fabaceae). Sciece Press Beijig, ad Missouri Botaical Garde 702 1980. Woodso, Jr., R.E./Scher, R.W./Dwer, J.D. Et al.. Flora of Paama. Part V. Famil 83. Legumiosae. Subfamil Papiliooideae (Coclusio). Aals of the Missouri Botaical Garde. 67(3): 523-818. 703 1965. Neal, M.C. I Gardes of Hawaii. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI 704 2010. Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. ( eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 10 (Fabaceae). Sciece Press Beijig, ad Missouri Botaical Garde 705 1957. Steermark, J.A.. Cotributios to the flora of Veezuela. Fieldiaa, Bota Series. 28(4): 679-1225. 705 2002. Galetti, M.. Seed dispersal of mimetic fruits: parasitism, mutualism, aposematism or exaptatio? Pp 177-191 i Seed dispersal ad frugivor: ecolog, evolutio ad coservatio. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 706 1996. Peres, C.A./va Roosmale, M.G.M.. Avia Dispersal of "Mimetic Seeds" of Ormosia ligivalvis b Terrestrial Graivores: Deceptio or Mutualism?. Oikos. 75(2): 249-258. [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? No evidece] "Legumes wood or leather, 2(or 3) valved, rarel idehiscet, ovate to oblog or obovate, laterall compressed to earl clidric; valves iterall septate betwee seeds or without septae; sutures without wigs; calx persistet or deciduous. Seeds 1 to ma, red, scarlet, brow, or black, sometimes 2-toed; hilum seldom over 1/2 legth of seed, white; cotledo ofte flesh." [Seeds lack meas of exteral attachmet - Geus descriptio] [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "While lackig major ecoomic importace, most species do ield wood of good qualit. I Paama, various species are used locall for buildig ad furiture costructio. This geus fids greatest importace amog ative peoples for persoal adormet ad medicial preparatios. The bright red seeds are used i ecklaces, hece the commo ame "ecklace tree." [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? Not likel] "Pod 1.5 iches log, with oe seed (0.5 ich diameter)." [Pods & seeds relativel large. Ulikel to become a seed cotamiat] [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No evidece or apparet adaptatios for wid dispersal] "Legumes wood or leather, 2(or 3) valved, rarel idehiscet, ovate to oblog or obovate, laterall compressed to earl clidric; valves iterall septate betwee seeds or without septae; sutures without wigs; calx persistet or deciduous. Seeds 1 to ma, red, scarlet, brow, or black, sometimes 2-toed; hilum seldom over 1/2 legth of seed, white; cotledo ofte flesh." [Seeds lack meas of exteral attachmet - Geus descriptio] [Propagules water dispersed? Possibl. Occurs alog rivers] "alog Rio Zumbador ad tributar ear base of Piedra Blaca, ortheast of Bergati, alt. 1100-1450 m" [Propagules water dispersed? Ukow. Possibl] " several species of Ormosia that occur i flooded forests ad have idehiscet fruits are dispersed b water (hdrochor) (Ziburski, 1991; Jaso, 1992)." [Propagules bird dispersed? Possibl Yes. Mimetic seeds] "All species produce brightl-colored, scarlet ad-black or uiform red seeds, which have bee used as bod adormets b ative Ameridias sice pre-colum-bia das (hece its Greek-derived ame, hormos= ecklace)." Prit Date: 8/17/2012 Ormosia moosperma (Fabaceae) Page 6 of 8
706 1998. Foster, M.S./Dela, L.S.. Dispersal of Mimetic Seeds of Three Species of Ormosia (Legumiosae). Joural of Tropical Ecolog. 14(4),: 389-411. 706 2002. Galetti, M.. Seed dispersal of mimetic fruits: parasitism, mutualism, aposematism or exaptatio? Pp 177-191 i Seed dispersal ad frugivor: ecolog, evolutio ad coservatio. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 707 1965. Neal, M.C. I Gardes of Hawaii. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI 708 1998. Foster, M.S./Dela, L.S.. Dispersal of Mimetic Seeds of Three Species of Ormosia (Legumiosae). Joural of Tropical Ecolog. 14(4),: 389-411. 801 1941. Beard, J.S.. Ormosia moosperma (Sw.) Urb. Collectio Number 240. Accessio 1287471. Missouri Botaical Garde Herbarium. http://www.tropicos.org/specime/2366136 801 1965. Neal, M.C. I Gardes of Hawaii. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI 801 2007. McCormack, G.. Cook Islads Biodiversit Database, Versio 2007.2.. Cook Islads Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotoga http://cookislads.bishopmuseum.org [Propagules bird dispersed? Possibl Yes, based o geus characteristics] "Seeds with 'imitatio arils' appear wholl or partiall covered b pulp or aril but actuall carr o flesh material. The mimetic seed hpothesis to explai this pheomeo proposes a parasitic relatioship i which birds are deceived ito dispersig seeds that resemble bird dispersed fruits, without receivig a utriet reward. The hard-seed for grit hpothesis proposes a mutualistic relatioship i which large, terrestrial birds swallow the exceptioall hard rimetic seeds as grit for gridig the softer seeds o which the feed. The defec- ate, dispersig the seeds, ad abrade the seed surface, ehacig germiatio. A fruit mimicr is icidetal. Fruitig trees of Ormosia spp. (Legumiosae: Papiliooideae) were observed to ascertai mechaisms of seed dispersal ad the role of seemigl mimetic characteristics of the seeds i that dispersal. Seed pre- datio ad seed germiatio were also examied. Ormosia isthamesis ad 0. macro- calx (but ot 0. bopiesis) deceived arboreall-foragig frugivorous birds ito takig their mimetic seeds, although rates of seed dispersal were low. These results are cosistet with the mimetic seed hpothesis." "Mimetic seeds are especiall well represeted amog legumes i the geus Ormosia (Ridle 1930, va der Pijl 1982). Seeds of Ormosia spp. are hard, shi, ad bright red, ellow, or black, or bicoloured red ad black or red ad ellow (Kaap va Meeuwe 1962, Merrill & Che 1943, Rudd 1965, va der Pijl 1982). The pod ma be cotrastigl coloured (Dillo 1980, Rudd 1965). Such seeds are assumed to mimic uicoloured flesh fruits or bicoloured arillate seeds of the ma tropical plats whose seeds are black with a bright, shi, red aril Uaso 1983, Wheelwright &Jaso 1985, Willso et al. 1989)." "Because most of the Ormosia spp. seeds take b arboreal birds were swallowed, the also were dispersed awa from the paret tree." [Propagules bird dispersed? Possibl] "Fift species of Ormosia occur i the eotropics ad 50 others i the Old World (Rudd, 1965). A puzzlig aspect of this geus is that eve idehiscet species have colourful seeds ad oe dehiscet species has totall black seeds Assumig that species with abiotic dispersal mechaism ad idehiscet fruits represet the pleisomorphic (acestral) state of Papiliooidea (Jaso, 1992), we suggest that seed colour caot be iterpreted as a adaptatio to preset-da seed-dispersers." [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? No evidece] "Pod 1.5 iches log, with oe seed (0.5 ich diameter)." [No meas of exteral attachmet. If dispersed b aimals, mimetic displa suggests adaptatio for iteral dispersal] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl Yes] "Although the existece of mimicr ad deceit is arguable, several observatios support that iterpretatio. For example, oe of the arboreal bird species observed takig the Ormosia seeds uses grit. I fact, most of the birds that visited Ormosia spp. Are kow frugivores. The foragig maoeuvers the used are cosistet with those geerall directed toward flesh fruits (e.g., Foster 1987, Greeberg et al. 1995, McDiarmid et al. 1977, Traier & Will 1984), although the ma also be appropriate for seed-eatig." "Because most of the Ormosia spp. seeds take b arboreal birds were swallowed, the also were dispersed awa from the paret tree" [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? Ulikel. Sigle-seeded pods] "Tree 40 m. high. i rai-forest; truk 60 cm. diam.: pod with 1 seed, rarel 2: seeds red. Timber useful. " [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? Ulikel] "A West Idia tree with compoud, piatel divided leaves, has blue flowers i rust paicles ad thick pods, each with oe large red ad black seed. The seed are made ito ecklaces." [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? Ulikel. Sigle-seeded pods] "FRUITS with brow fur; 6x4x2cm. SEEDS 1, circular, red ad black." Prit Date: 8/17/2012 Ormosia moosperma (Fabaceae) Page 7 of 8
802 1998. Foster, M.S./Dela, L.S.. Dispersal of Mimetic Seeds of Three Species of Ormosia (Legumiosae). Joural of Tropical Ecolog. 14(4),: 389-411. [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? Yes. Presumabl shares traits of hard seeded legumes of this geus] "...the rates of disappearace of seeds from the groud uder the Ormosia trees, hardess of the seeds, ad ehacemet of germiatio with the abrasio of the seed coat are all cosistet with the hard-seed for grit hpothesis." "Our prelimiar data ad literature reports (Uhl 1987) idicated that itact Ormosia seeds have a log dormac period." "I trials b a seed bak compa i Brazil, utreated Ormosia spp. Seeds remaied dormat (eve after a ear uder prove germiatio coditios) util mechaicall scarified (Peres & va Roosmale 1996). Likewise, ma legume seeds become permeable to water after treatmet with acid, which suggests that passage through a avia gut ma also improve germiatio (Va Stade et al. 1989)." 803 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o herbicide efficac or chemical cotrol of a species i the geus Ormosia 804 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Ukow] 805 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) Ukow] Prit Date: 8/17/2012 Ormosia moosperma (Fabaceae) Page 8 of 8
Summar of Risk Traits High Risk / Udesirable Traits Thrives i tropical climates Elevatio distributio exceeds 1000 m i ative rage Nitroge fixig tree ca alter soil utriets ad chemistr Mimetic seeds ma potetiall be bird-dispersed Hard-coated seeds ma form a persistet seed bak Low Risk / Desirable Traits No records of aturalizatio or weediess elsewhere Uarmed (o spies, thors or burrs) Ladscapig ad orametal value Bright red seeds are used i ecklaces Relativel large pods & seeds ulikel to be iadvertetl dispersed