uue Univeity uue e-ub Intenational Refigeation an Ai Conitioning Confeene Sool of Meanial Engineeing 2014 Etimation of Vapo Quality at Compeo Sution of Ai Conitione Kazuio Eno Hitai, Lt., Japan, kazuio.eno.un@itai.om Follow ti an aitional wok at: ttp://o.lib.puue.eu/ia Eno, Kazuio, "Etimation of Vapo Quality at Compeo Sution of Ai Conitione" (2014). Intenational Refigeation an Ai Conitioning Confeene. ape 1484. ttp://o.lib.puue.eu/ia/1484 i oument a been mae available toug uue e-ub, a evie of te uue Univeity Libaie. leae ontat epub@puue.eu fo aitional infomation. Complete poeeing may be aquie in pint an on CD-ROM ietly fom te Ray W. Heik Laboatoie at ttp://engineeing.puue.eu/ Heik/Event/oelit.tml
2438, age 1 Etimation of Vapo Quality at Compeo Sution of Ai Conitione Kazuio ENDOH Hitai, Lt., Hitai Reea Laboatoy, Hitainaka, Ibaaki, Japan E-mail: kazuio.eno.un@itai.om ABSRAC o evaluate pefomane an eliability of an ai onitione, te tate of it efigeation yle nee to be unetoo. Sine te ientopi exponent of te next-geneation efigeant R32 i lage tan tat of onventional efigeant R410A, te ompeo iage tempeatue of R32 i ige tan tat of R410A. Wen a wet efigeant i entee into a ompeo ution line to eeae te iage tempeatue, it i geneally iffiult to etimate te vapo quality at te ution. i pape eibe a meto tat etimate a vapo quality at te ompeo ution by applying enegy balane on te ompeo wit te value of ution peue, iage peue, iage tempeatue, et. In te ai onitione tet, te vapo qualitie at te ompeo ution etimate wit ti meto agee well wit toe etimate wit te onventional meto by meauing liqui an vapo flow-ate. Moeove, ti pape eive a elational expeion fo etimating a ompeo ution tate fom a iage tate an iue te aateiti of te oeffiient in te expeion alulate fom te tet eult. 1. INRODUCION Hyofluooabon (HFC), wi ave been ue a efigeant, ave ig global waming potential (GW). ey wee tu eignate a emiion ontol ubtane une te Kyoto otool in 1997. In 2012, te Euopean Commiion popoe evie F-ga egulation, wi inlue CO 2 equivalent pae-own of HFC to be plae on te EU maket. In Japan, evie fluooabon egulation wee enate in 2013 an will ome into foe in 2015 to pomote te ue of lowe GW fluooabon. Une tee iumtane, oom ai onitione uing te nextgeneation efigeant R32 (GW = 675), woe GW i one ti tat of a onventional efigeant R410A (GW = 2088), ave been ommeialize in Japan. Sine te ientopi exponent of R32 i lage tan tat of R410A, te ompeo iage tempeatue of R32 i ige tan tat of R410A. e onventional way to eeae te iage tempeatue i to ente te wet (two-pae vapo-liqui) efigeant into te ompeo ution line (Afjei et al., 1992). In te ompeo tet etup tat onnet a bypa line fom te onene outlet to te ompeo ution line, a vapo quality, wi epeent te tate of wet efigeant, at te ompeo ution an be et wit flow-ate an entalpie of vapo fom te evapoato outlet an liqui fom te bypa line (Hiano et al., 1993; Dutta et al., 1996). Howeve, it i geneally iffiult to etimate a vapo quality at te ompeo ution uing te patial opeation of an ai onitione. i pape eibe a meto tat etimate a vapo quality at te ompeo ution by applying enegy balane on te ompeo wit te value of ution peue, iage peue, iage tempeatue, et. Moeove, ti pape eive a elational expeion fo etimating a ompeo ution tate fom a iage tate an iue te aateiti of te oeffiient in te expeion alulate fom te tet eult. 2. ESIMAION OF VAOR QUALIY A COMRESSOR SUCION 2.1 Etimation of Sution Quality by Applying Enegy Balane on Compeo Vapo quality x i efine a follow, epeenting te total ma of two-pae vapo-liqui efigeant a m an te ma of atuate vapo a m". 15 t Intenational Refigeation an Ai Conitioning Confeene at uue, July 14-17, 2014
2438, age 2 m" x = (1) m Quality x i alo expee a follow, epeenting te total ma flow-ate of two-pae vapo-liqui efigeant a G an te ma flow-ate of atuate vapo a G ". x G " G = (2) Moeove, quality x i expee a follow, epeenting te entalpy of two-pae vapo-liqui efigeant a, te entalpy of atuate liqui a ', an te entalpy of atuate vapo a ". - ' x = (3) " -' Sine te ma m" an te ma flow-ate G " of atuate vapo in Equation (1) an (2) annot be meaue ietly, a meto to etimate te quality at te ompeo ution will be povie by uing te elationip between a quality an entalpie given in Equation (3). A ution quality x i expee a follow, uing inex fo Equation (3). x - ' = (4) "- ' Wit Equation (4), even wen te ution tate i upeeate vapo, te tate an be epeente a a numbe (>1.0). Figue 1 ow te - iagam fo epeenting te elationip between entalpie at te ompeo ution an iage. e meto to etimate a ution quality x by applying enegy balane on te ompeo will be eibe below. i meto ue te value of a ution peue, a iage peue, a iage tempeatue, a efigeant ma flow-ate G, a ompeo powe onumption W, an a ompeo ambient tempeatue a uing te patial opeation of te ai onitione. A ution quality x will be ientifie in u a way tat a iage entalpy 2 etimate fom an aume ution quality x by uing enegy balane i te ame a te entalpy alulate fom te iage peue an tempeatue. A ution entalpy i epeente a follow fom Equation (4), auming te value of te quality x. = ' + x ( "- ') (5) A ompeo effiieny i epeente a follow, uing iage entalpy t alulate une te aumption of an ientopi poe, te meaue efigeant ma flow-ate G, an te meaue ompeo powe onumption W. = G ( - ) / W (6) t A iage entalpy ' alulate une te aumption of no eat aiation fom te ompeo i epeente a follow, uing te ompeo effiieny eibe above. ' + W / G = + ( t - = ) / (7) e iage entalpy 2 etimate fom te aume value of ution quality x i epeente a follow, letting Q a be te patial eat aiation fom te ompeo. 15 t Intenational Refigeation an Ai Conitioning Confeene at uue, July 14-17, 2014
2 ' - a 2438, age 3 = Q / G (8) e eat aiation fom te ompeo Q a i moele a follow, uing KA value of eat aiation fom te ompeo KA an te ambient tempeatue a. Q = KA ( -a ) (9) a e ution quality x an be ientifie an etimate in u a way tat te entalpy 2 in Equation (8) i te ame a te entalpy alulate fom te iage peue an tempeatue. t ' : atial tate point of ompeo ution : atial tate point of ompeo iage t: State point of ompeo iage to wi efigeant ange fom ompeo ution tate point une aumption of ientopi poe ': State point of ompeo iage to wi efigeant ange fom ompeo ution tate point une aumption of no eat aiation fom ompeo Figue 1: Relationip between entalpie at ompeo ution an iage 2.2 Etimation of Sution Quality by Meauing Liqui an Vapo Flow-Rate i meto i te onventional one ue in te ompeo tet etup. In ti tuy te ai onitione tet etup i ontute o tat liqui an vapo flow-ate an be meaue. e ution quality an be etimate by epouing te efigeation yle in u a way tat te ution peue, iage peue, an iage tempeatue ae te ame a toe uing te patial opeation. Figue 2 ow te onfiguation of efigeation yle an - iagam in te patial opeation tet an epoution tet. In te efigeation yle of te epoution tet, pat of te liqui efigeant fom te onene outlet i bypae, ten epeuize, an finally etune to te ompeo ution line, joining te upeeate vapo efigeant toug te evapoato. e bypae liqui flow-ate i ontolle wit a peue euing valve in u a way tat peue, peue, an tempeatue ae te ame a toe of te efigeation yle of te patial opeation tet. Let v be te upeeate vapo entalpy, bl te bypae liqui entalpy, G te total efigeant ma flow-ate, an G bl te bypae efigeant ma flow-ate. en te ution entalpy i given by = v ( G - G G bl ) + bl G bl (10) e ution quality x i obtaine wit Equation (4). 15 t Intenational Refigeation an Ai Conitioning Confeene at uue, July 14-17, 2014
2438, age 4 Expanion valve Conene, Compeo Evapoato (1) atial opeation tet Expanion valve G bl Gbl Conene Bypae liqui eue euing valve v, Compeo bl v Evapoato Supeeate vapo (2) Repoution tet Figue 2: Configuation of efigeation yle an - iagam 2.3 Relational Expeion fo Etimating Compeo Sution State A elational expeion fo etimating a ompeo ution tate fom a iage tate will be explaine. e tate point t i newly efine a te tate of ompeo ution fom wi te efigeant ange to te patial tate point of te ompeo iage une te aumption of an ientopi poe. Figue 3 ow elationip between entalpie at te ompeo ution an iage in ti ae. e ution entalpy i epeente a follow, uing te iage entalpy, te ientopi ompeion wok bae at te patial tate point of te ompeo iage ( - t ), an te etimating oeffiient fo te ution tate '. = - - ) / ' (11) ( t Equation (11) an be tanfome wit epet to ' a follow. - t ' = - - t = - t ' - - t ' - - (12) wee ' i te iage entalpy une te aumption of no eat aiation fom te ompeo an t i te iage entalpy une te aumption of te ientopi poe fom te ution entalpy, a eibe befoe. e fit atio in Equation (12) i [te ientopi ompeion wok wit ega to te patial tate point of te ompeo iage] / [te ientopi ompeion wok wit ega to te patial tate point of te ompeo ution], te eon atio i [te entalpy iffeene between te ution an te iage une te aumption of no eat aiation fom te ompeo] / [te entalpy iffeene between te ution an te patial iage], an te ti atio i te ompeo effiieny. Let k w be te fit atio, wi i elevant to te ientopi ompeion wok, k be te eon atio, wi i elevant to te aiation eat fom te ompeo, an k p be te pout of tee atio. en te etimating oeffiient fo te ution tate ' i epeente a follow. 15 t Intenational Refigeation an Ai Conitioning Confeene at uue, July 14-17, 2014
2438, age 5 ' = k k = k (13) w p Let = 2 in Equation (8), an ten k i tanfome a follow uing Equation (8). k = ' - - ( = - ) + Q - a / G (14) Value of k w an k ae bot lage tan 1. t ' t : atial tate point of ompeo ution : atial tate point of ompeo iage t: State point of ompeo iage to wi efigeant ange fom ompeo ution tate point une aumption of ientopi poe ': State point of ompeo iage to wi efigeant ange fom ompeo ution ate point une aumption of no eat aiation fom ompeo t: State point of ompeo ution fom wi efigeant ange to ompeo iage tate point une aumption of ientopi poe Figue 3: Relationip between entalpie at ompeo ution an iage wit t ae o evaluate te valiity of te meto to etimate te ution quality by applying enegy balane on te ompeo, ti meto will be ompae below wit te onventional meto by meauing te liqui an vapo flow-ate in a oom ai onitione tet. e aateiti of te oeffiient in te elational expeion fo etimating te ompeo ution tate alulate fom te tet eult will alo be iue. 3. EXERIMENAL SEU AND ES ROCEDURE A oom ai onitione ue fo te tet i one fo R410A wit a ate ooling an eating apaitie of 7.1kW an 8.5kW, epetively. Figue 4 ow te ytem iagam of te expeimental etup. e ompeo i an inveteiven oll ompeo. R410A wa eplae wit R32, an efigeation oil evelope fo R32 wa ue. e ai onitione wa moifie fo te expeimental etup a to bypa te line befoe an expanion valve an onnet it wit te ompeo ution line toug a peue euing valve. eue an tempeatue of te efigeant wee meaue wit tain gauge peue tanue an eat type temoouple, epetively. A total ma flow-ate an a bypae flow-ate of te efigeant ae meaue wit Coioli flowmete. e powe onumption of te ompeo wa meaue wit a powe mete. In te expeiment, fit te patial opeation tet wa onute by loing a bypa valve. e epoution tet wa ten onute by opening te bypa valve an ontolling te bypa flow-ate wit te peue euing valve in u a way tat te ution peue, iage peue, an tempeatue wee te ame a toe of te patial opeation tet. At ti time, to obtain te entalpy of te efigeant toug an evapoato an a 4-way valve, te expanion valve wa ontolle in u a way tat te efigeant wa upeeate at te upeeate tempeatue of 8 C. In ti ae, te efigeant tate in te evapoato wa iffeent fom tat in te patial 15 t Intenational Refigeation an Ai Conitioning Confeene at uue, July 14-17, 2014
2438, age 6 opeation tet, an ti eulte in a iffeene between te ution peue an tat in te patial opeation. e ai tempeatue onition wee ten ajute to mat te. able 1 ow tet onition. Outoo ai tempeatue fo eating opeation wee -15 C an -20 C, une wi iage tempeatue of te ompeo beome vey ig. Diage tempeatue wee vaie by ajuting te expanion valve at ea ompeo otational pee. e ution qualitie wee alulate wit meaue value in te epoution tet wit te meto by applying enegy balane on te ompeo an by meauing flow-ate. REFRO wa ue fo te temoynami popetie of R32. e aveage value of eat aiation oeffiient fom te ompeo KA alulate fom Equation (5)-(9) une te eating onition at te outoo ai tempeatue of 7 C, wee te iage tempeatue i not vey ig an te ution tate an be et to be upeeate, wa ue a KA in te meto by applying enegy balane. A ompeo ambient tempeatue wa meaue wit a temoouple intalle nea te ompeo inie te outoo unit. 4-way valve M eue taneue Seat type temoouple Coioli flowmete Compeo eue euing valve Outoo fan Outoo eat exange Expanion valve M Inoo eat exange Bypa valve M Inoo fan Outoo unit Inoo unit Figue 4: Sytem iagam of expeimental etup able 1: et onition Inoo ai tempeatue Outoo ai tempeatue Opeation Dy bulb ( C) Wet bulb ( C) Dy bulb ( C) Wet bulb ( C) Compeo otational pee (min -1 ) Inoo fan otational pee (min -1 ) Outoo fan otational pee (min -1 ) Heating 20 15-15, -20-3250 5350 7150 Low Meium Hig Meium Meium Hig 4. EXERIMENAL RESULS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Compaion of Etimate Vapo Qualitie in Compeo Sution Figue 5 ompae ution qualitie x etimate wit meto by applying enegy balane on te ompeo an by meauing flow-ate. Sution qualitie etimate wit te enegy balaning meto agee well wit toe etimate wit te flow-ate meauing meto witin ±0.5% in te quality ange of 0.86-1.01 at ea ai tempeatue an ea ompeo otational pee. e enegy balaning meto an etimate te ution quality a peiely a te flow-ate meauing meto witout aing te liqui bypa line to te oiginal efigeation yle an i teefoe effetive. 15 t Intenational Refigeation an Ai Conitioning Confeene at uue, July 14-17, 2014
x by applying enegy balane 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 x by meauing flow-ate Outoo ai tempeatue ( C) _Compeo otational pee (min -1 ) 2438, age 7 Figue 5: Compaion of ution qualitie etimate wit meto by applying enegy balane an meauing flow ate 4.2 Caateiti of Coeffiient in Relational Expeion fo Etimating Compeo Sution State i ubetion will iu te aateiti of te oeffiient in te elational expeion fo etimating te ompeo ution tate alulate fom te tet eult. Figue 6 ow te elationip among ution quality, etimating oeffiient, an it elate atio. e iage tempeatue eeae a ution quality x eeae. ineae a ompeo otational pee ineae, beaue te peue atio of te ompeo alo ineae. e tempeatue baely ie between te ompeo otational pee of 5350min -1 an 7150min -1, beaue te inoo an outoo fan otational pee ae ineae. e ompeo effiieny eeae a otational pee ineae an ution quality x eeae. alo eeae a outoo ai tempeatue eeae. One eaon fo eeaing a x eeae i tat te ineae in te amount of liqui efigeant in te ompeion ambe a x eeae lea to te ineae in te amount of te efigeant tat iolve in te efigeation oil an te eeae in te vioity of te oil. i eult in te eeae in te ealing pefomane in te ompeo ambe. e atio k w (= - ) /( - ) ) ineae a ompeo otational pee ineae an ution quality x ( t t eeae. i i beaue te eeae in te ompeo effiieny a ompeo otational pee ineae an x eeae lea to te ineae in te iffeene between t an. k w alo ineae a outoo ai tempeatue eeae, wi lea to te eeae in. e aateiti of te atio k (= - )/( - ) ) will be explaine wit efeene to Equation (9) an ( ' (14). e efigeant flow-ate G ineae a ompeo otational pee ineae an 1/G in Equation (14) ten eeae. eefoe, k eeae. e eeae in a x eeae lea to te eeae in te eat aiation fom te ompeo Q a, eulting in te eeae in k. A outoo ai tempeatue eeae, te ineae in te iffeene between an te ambient tempeatue a lea to te ineae in Q a an G eeae. eefoe, k ineae. e ange of pout k p beome mall, beaue te tenenie of k w an k ae oppoite wit ega to te ompeo otational pee an x. Epeially wit anging x, k p baely ange an i nealy ontant. A ompeo otational pee ineae, k p ineae. k p alo ineae a outoo ai tempeatue eeae. ' tat i te pout of an k p eeae a x eeae. e ange of ' i malle tan tat of wit ega to te ompeo otational pee, beaue eeae an k p ineae a ompeo otational pee ineae. 15 t Intenational Refigeation an Ai Conitioning Confeene at uue, July 14-17, 2014
2438, age 8 kw k kp 1.30 室内 / 室外 _ 圧縮機 120 ( ) (min -1 ) 1.25 110 10 1.20 100 1.15 90 1.10 80 1.05 70 1.00 60 x x 1.30 室内 / 室外 _ 圧縮機 0.70 ( ) (min -1 ) 1.25 1.20 0.65 0.05 1.15 0.60 1.10 0.55 1.05 1.00 0.50 x x 1.30 室内 / 室外 _ 圧縮機 0.85 ( ) (min -1 ) 1.25 1.20 0.80 0.05 1.15 0.75 1.10 0.70 1.05 1.00 0.65 x x ( C) ' Outoo ai tempepate ( C) _Compeo otational pee (min -1 ) 室内 / 室外 _ 圧縮機 ( ) (min -1 ) 室内 / 室外 _ 圧縮機 ( ) (min -1 ) Figue 6: Relationip between ution qualitie an etimating oeffiient 5. CONCLUSIONS e onluion awn fom te iuion on te meto to etimate te ution quality by applying enegy balane on te ompeo ae a follow. Sution qualitie etimate wit ti meto agee well wit toe etimate wit te onventional meto by meauing liqui an vapo flow-ate. e enegy balaning meto an etimate te ution quality witout aing te liqui bypa line to te oiginal efigeation yle an i teefoe effetive. e onluion awn fom te iuion on te elational expeion fo etimating a ompeo ution tate fom a iage tate ae a follow. e ution entalpy i epeente by uing te ientopi ompeion wok bae at te patial tate point of te ompeo iage, te ompeo effiieny, te atio elate wit ientopi ompeion wok, an te atio elate wit te eat aiation fom te ompeo. e pout of te atio i nealy ontant a ution quality ange. 15 t Intenational Refigeation an Ai Conitioning Confeene at uue, July 14-17, 2014
2438, age 9 REFERENCES Afjei,., Sute,., Favat, D., 1992, Expeimental Analyi of an Inve-Diven Soll Compeo wit Liqui Injetion, Intenational Compeo Engineeing Confeene, uue Univeity: p.541-550. Dutta, A.K., Yanagiawa,., Fukuta, M., 1996, A Stuy on Compeion Caateiti of Wet Vapo Refigeant, Intenational Compeo Engineeing Confeene, uue Univeity: p. 235-240. Hiano,., Hagimoto, K., Matua, S., 1993, Stuy on Soll Compeo Beavio in Cae of Liqui Refigeant Injetion, an. JAR, vol. 10, no. 2: p. 227-238. Lemmon, E. W., Hube, M. L., MLinen, M. O., 2013, NIS Stana Refeene Databae 23: Refeene Flui emoynami an anpot opetie-refro, Veion 9.1, National Intitute of Stana an enology, Stana Refeene Data ogam, Gaitebug. 15 t Intenational Refigeation an Ai Conitioning Confeene at uue, July 14-17, 2014