Progress Towards a Micromachined Heat Exchanger for a Cryosurgical Probe
|
|
- Molly Matthews
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Progress Towards a Miromained Heat Exanger for a Cryosurgial Probe D. W. Ho W. Zu G. F. Nellis S. D. Suetter S. A. Klein Y. B. Gianandani University of Wisonsin Madison Wisonsin USA University of Miigan Ann Arbor Miigan USA ABSTACT Tis aer desribes develoments towards a litogray-based miro-fabriated reuerative eat exanger tat is intended to be a omonent witin a ryosurgial robe. A ryosurgial robe must aieve a temerature below -50 C in order to be linially useful for te treatment of aner. Cryosurgial robes based on te mixed gas Joule-Tomson (JT yle require only a reuerative eat exanger and an exansion valve in te old-ead. Terefore tis yle as te otential for ig reliability and miniaturization. Te objetive of tis rojet is to exlore te otential for alying miromaining teniques to te design and fabriation of te reuerative eat exanger. Te eat exanger must maintain ig stream-to-stream termal ondutane wile restriting axial ondution losses. Te st generation eat exanger onsists of rows of fins omosed of ig ondutivity silion tat are bonded onto a single 00 µm tik base late omosed of low ondutivity Pyrex glass. Tis design minimizes te number of wafers tat must be bonded omared to more favorable designs based on interleaving many ig ondutivity silion lates wit low ondutivity Pyrex saers. However tere are several disadvantages assoiated wit te design most notably te fragility of te tin Pyrex base late searating te ig and low ressure streams; tis limits te ability of te eat exanger to witstand te relatively large ressure differene tat is required to energize te Joule-Tomson ooling yle. Te st generation eat exanger was fabriated and tested and te results of tese tests will be rovided in te aer. In arallel a bonding tenique as been develoed tat allows multile lates to be ermetially joined using a metallization layer. Terefore a nd generation eat exanger design is resented wi overomes many of te limitations of te st generation devie. Seifially it will be more robust and will rovide enaned termal erformane. Te design of tis nd generation eat exanger is disussed. INTODUCTION Over te ast tree deades ryosurgery as beome a standard treatment for several tyes of aners loated in easily aessible areas of te body inluding rostate and liver aner. Canerous tumors are loally destroyed using ryosurgery by exosing te malignant tissue to
2 reeated freeze/taw yles []. Te resulting dead tissue is absorbed by te body wi minimizes blood loss and te ost-oerative disomfort tat is usually assoiated wit exision. Te ultimate goal of tis resear effort is to develo a fully integrated miromained ryosurgial robe based on te Joule-Tomson (JT ooling yle. Su a robe may ave signifiant advantages over onventional ryosurgial robes in terms of termal erformane size flexibility and ost. Te seifi subjet of tis aer is te develoment of a mirofabriated reuerative eat exanger te key omonent witin te JT yle. An overview of te st generation miromained reuerative eat exanger and exerimental results are resented. Te st generation devie was designed to minimize te number of bonding stes and as a result is not otimally designed bot in terms of meanial reliability and termal erformane. A nd generation eat exanger design as been enabled by te develoment of advaned bonding teniques based on a metallization roess. Te nd generation devie uses a erforated late tye design and will terefore be more robust and ave iger termal erformane. Te design of tis eat exanger is disussed. ST GENEATION DESIGN AND FABICATION One of te allenges in te develoment of a miromained J-T ooler is te reuerative eat exanger wi must simultaneously maintain good stream-to-stream eat ondutane wile restriting arasiti stream-wise ondution losses and suorting a large stream-to-stream ressure differene. Tese requirements are neessary in order to maintain a large entaly differene between te two fluid streams and tus aieve ig ooling erformane for te robe. Te st generation eat exanger is a lanar miromained devie in wi silion wafers are anodially bonded to eiter side of a very tin low ondutivity Pyrex base late. Te silion wafers are miromained [] so tat rows of silion fins are left beind. Tese rows are aligned on te ig and low ressure sides and inlude miro-sale fluid annels (larger on te low ressure tan te ig ressure tat fore te fluid into intimate ontat wit te fins. Tis design is in ontrast to onventional reuerative eat exangers for ryosurgery tat use eiter erforated late designs in wi ig ondutivity oer lates are interleaved wit stainless steel saers [3] or finned tube designs tat use one or more finned tubes wound on a mandrel. Silion as termal ondutivity tat is similar to oer and Pyrex as termal ondutivity tat is an order of magnitude less tan stainless steel; tis ombination of very ig and low termal ondutivity suggests tat a silion and Pyrex omosite eat exanger will be attrative. In order to allow adequate termal ommuniation between te streams reliminary simulation of an otimized design [4] suggest tat wen using a mixture of ydroarbons at a working ressure of 0 bar te Pyrex base late between te ig ressure annel and low ressure annel an be no tiker tan about 00 µm in order to rovide adequate refrigeration ower. Figure sows a fabriated miro reuerative eat exanger. Te size of tis devie is 6 m.5 m wit.5 mm total tikness. Figure. st generation eat exanger illustrating te Pyrex a silion fins and green anodi glass-frit bond. Figure. Measured effetiveness based on ot side energy balane and te redited effetiveness using te miro eat exanger model as a funtion of te mass flow rate.
3 MEASUED ESULTS Te glass frit bonding roess used to join te Pyrex outer as to te Pyrex base late in te st generation design does not rovide a ermeti seal and tis as revented its installation into a termal vauum faility. Instead te eat exanger was laed into a avity witin a iee of Styrofoam and surrounded by fiberglass insulation in an effort to minimize te arasiti eat load. N-butane was used as te working fluid in an oen loo Joule-Tomson yle and exanded troug an orifie. Te self-ooling data are limited to relatively small temerature differenes due to te redued JT effet assoiated wit te small ressure differene tat ould be suorted aross te base late. Te ressure differene antiiated for a ryosurgial robe may be as ig as 400 kpa (00 si wereas te testing was limited to less tan 70 kpa (0 si in order to avoid fraturing te base late. A tiker base late would rovide greater strutural integrity but te inreased termal resistane between fluid streams would furter redue ooling ower. Te redited and measured effetiveness as a funtion of mass flow rate (based on te ot side energy balane are illustrated in Figure. Te effetiveness of te eat exanger ( is defined as te ratio of te eat transfer rate witin te eat exanger to te maximum ossible eat transfer rate for te given inut fluid onditions. Te effetiveness an be omuted based on an energy balane for eiter te ot or old side of te eat exanger ( or resetively: qhx qhx or ( q q HX max HX max 3 were q is te atual eat transfer (evaluated from an energy balane on te ot or old side HX and q is te ideal eat transfer in erfet onditions. Te error bars in Fig. sow roagated HX max unertainty in te effetiveness based on unertainty in te termooule temerature measurements. Note tat te unertainty inreases as te mass flow rate is redued due to te smaller temerature differenes tat are required to omute te effetiveness. Te measured results agree wit te teoretial model for te flow rates tat are onsistent wit aurate measurements. Te results of te st generation tests indiate te limitations of te design but also validate te ability of te omuter model to redit te termal erformane of te eat exanger. Terefore tese modeling teniques ave been used to develo a more robust design enabled by te develoment of more advaned multi-wafer joining teniques tat will rovide ooling erformane omarable to ommerially available ryosurgial robes. ND GENEATION HEAT EXCHANGE MODEL A new bonding tenique tat sows te otential to ermetially join many multile lates as been develoed in arallel wit te st generation eat exanger testing. Te joining tenique uses a metallization layer tat is alied to te wafers and aommodates te bond. Tis nd generation eat exanger design is similar to most erforated late eat exangers: ig ondutivity silion lates are alternated wit low ondutivity Pyrex saers. Figure 3 illustrates te nd generation design sowing te erforated late eat exanger onet. Many narrow slots are mained into te silion late in order to rovide te two streams wit a large amount of surfae area for eat exange. Te lates are divided into two regions by te Pyrex saer (indiated by te gray area in Fig. 3. Te ig ressure region allows flow of te ig ressure working fluid in one diretion (into te aer in Figure 3 wile te low ressure region allows flow of te low ressure working fluid in te oosite diretion. Te ig and low ressure regions are searated and sealed from ea oter via bonds formed between te late and te saer. Te eat transferred from te ig ressure fluid into te silion late material is onduted troug te silion late into te low ressure region were it is transferred
4 4 saer ig ressure region of late low ressure region of late slots eted troug late for ig ressure fluid flow slots eted troug late for low ressure fluid flow Figure 3. Conet for miromained erforated late eat exanger. finally to te low ressure fluid. Many of tese late/saer sets are staked u to aieve ig effetiveness. A numerial model as been develoed to otimize te geometry of te eat exanger; te basi struture of te model is te termal-fluid simulation of a single late oerating at te average ondition witin te eat exanger. Te eynolds numbers for te flow troug te slots on te ig and low ressure sides (e and e are given by: e e ρ d u m ( μ ρd um (3 μ were ρ is te fluid density u m is te mean veloity and μ is te fluid visosity; te subsrits and refer to te ig and low ressure fluids resetively. Te variables d is te ydrauli diameter of te assage. For laminar flow (e < 300 te Nusselt numbers under fully develoed onditions for a retangular dut subjet to a onstant wall temerature (Nu lam are given by osenow et al. [5]: ( ( Nu α α 5.9α +.70α α (4 lam Nu α α 5.9α +.70α α (5 lam were α and α are te aset ratios of te slot: min ( ws Lf α (6 max ( ws Lf min ( ws Lf α (7 max w L ( s f and w s and L f are te widt and lengt of te slot resetively. Te Nusselt number under fully develoed onditions for a turbulent flow (Nu turb and Nu turb is redited by te Gnielinski [6]: Nu Nu ( /8( 000 f e Pr (8 + turb turb /3.7 fturb /8 ( Pr ( /8( 000 f e Pr (9 + turb turb /3.7 fturb /8 Figure 4. Fin effetiveness as a funtion of fin number of transfer units for several values of te fin onstant. ( Pr
5 were f turb is te frition fator for fully develoed turbulent flow and Pr is te Prandtl number omuted aording to: μ Pr (0 k μ Pr ( k were is te onstant ressure seifi eat aaity and k is te termal ondutivity of te fluid. Te frition fator for fully develoed turbulent flow an be alulated aording to Petukov et al. [7]: f ( ( turb 0.79ln e.64 ( f ( ( turb 0.79ln e.64 (3 Tese orrelations are seleted beause tey are valid down to a eynolds number of 3000; lower eynolds numbers are assumed to orresond to laminar flow (wi is onservative relative to te redited Nusselt number. Tese Nusselt number orrelations are onservative bot beause te enanement in te eat transfer related to te develoing region of te annel is not aounted for and also beause te two-ase eat transfer tat ours over te majority of te eat exanger for fluid mixture working fluids will be araterized by larger eat transfer oeffiients [8]. Te eat transfer oeffiients (t are: 5 t t Nu k (4 d Nuk (5 d It is assumed tat te fluid will omletely mix in te sae between adjaent lates so tat te temerature of te ot fluid is uniform as it enters all of te slots on te ig ressure side (T in and te temerature of te old fluid is uniform as it enters all of te slots on te low ressure side (T in. Te fluid assing troug ea fin row does not maintain a onstant temerature; rater its temerature will ange due to its finite aaity rate. As a result of tis as well as axial (i.e. in te flow diretion temerature variations in te fin material it is inorret and non-onservative to use onventional fin equations tat assume onstant fluid temerature. A numerial model tat solves te ouled differential equations governing te two-dimensional temerature distribution in te fluid and te fin material as been develoed validated and non-dimensionalized. Te result of te numerial model is te redition of te fin effetiveness ( f as a funtion of te fin onstant (β f and te fin number of transfer units (NTU f sown in Figure 4. Te fin effetiveness ( f is defined as te ratio of te atual eat transfer troug te base of te fin ( q f to te maximum ossible eat transfer; i.e. te eat transfer tat would our if te fluid temerature was redued to te base temerature of te fin (T b. On te ig-ressure side tis leads to: q f f (6 m ( Tin Tb were T b is te base temerature of te fins (te material between adjaent slots on te igressure side of te eat exanger. On te low-ressure side te fin effetiveness is: q f f (7 m T T ( b in Te fin onstants (β f and fin number of transfer units (NTU f are defined as:
6 Lf t β f (8 k w f Lf t β f (9 k w f 6 NTU NTU f f L f t t N f m L f t t N f m (0 ( were k is te late termal ondutivity t is te late tikness N f is te number of fins w f is te widt of te material between slots and m is te mass flow rate. Ea of te urves for f as a funtion of NTU f in Fig. 4 an be aroximately reresented by Eqs. ( and (3: ( β f ( β f b ( f ( f ln( NTU f f ex a NTU β + β f ( b ( f ( f ln( NTU f f ex a NTU β + β f (3 Equations for a b and as funtions of te fin onstant are listed below and te required onstants are ontained in Table ; tese onstants are obtained troug best fits to te numerial results. a( β f ex ao β 5 f bi i 0 6 f i i 0 ( a + aβf + a3βf f i [ log0 ( β f ] (4 b( β (5 i [ log0 ( β f ] ( β (6 Equations ( troug (6 allow te effetiveness of te fins on bot sides of te late to be alulated from te fin onstant and number of transfer units. Te maximum error assoiated wit te use of tese urve fits in te range 0.0 < NTU < 000 and 0.0 < β < 5 is 3.% and te rms error over tis range is 0.04%. Equations (6 and (7 may be re-written in te form of termal resistane ( f between te fluid inlet temerature and te temerature at te base of te fins: ( Tin Tb q f were f ( Tb T in f f q f were f m f m f (7 (8 Te termal resistane from te enter-line of te material tat searates te ig and low ressure streams to te fluid inlet temerature ( late is larger tan te termal resistane f due to te additional ondution resistane reresented by te late material: ws w + + N k t w w late. f ( + f s f (9
7 Table. Constants required for fin effetiveness solution. 7 Index i a i b i i ws w + + N k t w w late. f ( + f s f (30 Te total rate of eat transfer for ea late is terefore: ( Tin Tl q f late (3 ( Tl T in q f (3 late were T l is te temerature at te enter-line of te late. Combining Eqs. (3 and (3 leads to: ( Tin Tin q f (33 + late late and te effetiveness of an individual late ( is terefore given by te ratio of te atual eat transfer to te maximum ossible eat transfer for te late: q f MIN m m T T MIN m m ( ( in ( in ( late + late (34 Te axial resistane of a single saer is ( saer is: t s saer ksaer A (35 saer and so te total effetiveness of te eat exanger inluding a enalty for axial ondution ( an be estimated aording to: N + N MIN m m ( saer Te equivalent number of transfer units (NTU eq assoiated wit a ontinuous eat exanger wit no axial ondution is: ln if Cr < Cr Cr NTUeq (37 if Cr (36
8 were C r is te aaity ratio: C r MIN m MAX m ( m ( m (38 8 Te equivalent ondutane assoiated wit te eat exanger erformane (UA eq is terefore: ( UA MIN m m NTU (39 eq eq Te design of te eat exanger requires bot te equivalent ondutane and te ressure loss. It is non-onservative to neglet te effet of te develoing region wen evaluating te ressure loss. Te aarent frition fator for develoing laminar flow (f alam deends on te eynolds number te aset ratio of te slot and te dimensionless tikness of te late. For an aset ratio of zero (i.e. arallel lates te aarent frition fator is given by osenow et al. [5]. Te aarent frition fator for turbulent flow may be iger altoug te develoing region is less imortant wen te flow is turbulent. Te aarent laminar or fully develoed turbulent frition fator is seleted based on te eynolds number; a eynolds number of 3000 is used to indiate transition. Te visous ressure loss (Δ v is atured by te frition fator: t Δ v ρ um fa (40 d t Δ v ρum fa (4 d In addition to te visous ressure loss tere are ontration and exansion effets tat must be onsidered. Te flow ontration and exansion ressure loss oeffiients (K and K e for bot sides are onservatively assumed to be unity. Te inertial ressure losses (Δ i are terefore: Δ i ρum ( Ke+ Ki (4 Δ i ρum ( Ke+ Ki (43 Te total ressure loss (Δ is te sum of te inertial and visous ressure losses over all of te lates. Δ N Δ +Δ (44 ( ( i v Δ N Δ +Δ (45 i v ND GENEATION HEAT EXCHANGE OPTIMIZATION A manufaturing onstraint assoiated wit te miromaining roess tat ontrols te design is related to te lengt of te slots in te silion late. As te slot lengt inreases te ability to ontrol te slot widt is lost; eventually te over-eting during te KOH roess may beome severe enoug tat all of te fin material is removed. Terefore te slot lengt must be less tan 0 times te slot widt and webs tat san te widt of te slot are added to reate a series of smaller more robust oenings witin te original slot. Additionally te tikness of ea web sould be twie te widt of te slot. Tese onstraints are integrated wit te numerial model desribed above; te model is imlemented in te matematial software EES - Engineering Equation Solver [9]. Te lengt and widt of ea late and saer was set to 0 mm to maximize te yield of ea silion-pyrex mask wile still roviding erformane omarable to ommerially available
9 ryosurgial robes. A Joule-Tomson yle model was develoed tat takes te redited equivalent eat exanger ondutane UA eq and ressure dro on ea side Δ and Δ as inuts and alulates a orresonding ooling aaity and robe ti temerature for a given mass flow rate. Te onentration of te working fluid is otimized as disussed in [0]. Figure 5 illustrates a maximum ooling ower at a flow rate of 0.55 g/s. Figure 6 sows te redited ooling ower assoiated wit several web onfigurations as a funtion of te robe ti temerature for a 0mm x 0mm eat exanger wit 50 silion lates at te otimal mass flow rate of 0.55 g/s. Figure 6 indiates a late wit webs er slot rovides te best erformane above 3 K. Te erformane of a ommerially available ryosurgial robe is also inluded in Figure 6. Te ressure dro as a funtion of te mass flow rate troug te old side of te eat exanger is illustrated in Figure 7 for several web onfigurations. Te ressure dro troug te ot side of te eat exanger is aroximately an order of magnitude smaller tan te old side due to te relatively large differene in densities of te two streams. Te oerating onditions used during te otimization and te orresonding geometry are listed in Table. 9 SUMMAY Tis aer desribes develoments towards a mirofabriated reuerative eat exanger tat is intended to be a omonent witin a ryosurgial robe based on te mixed gas Joule- Tomson (JT yle. A first generation eat exanger as been designed and tested tat utilizes anodi bonding to join rows of fins omosed of ig ondutivity silion onto a single 00µm base late omosed of low ondutivity Pyrex glass. Tis design minimizes te number of wafers tat must be bonded but te tin Pyrex late required to minimize axial ondution along te lengt of te eat exanger limits te ability of te eat exanger to witstand te relatively large ressure differene tat is required by a Joule-Tomson ooling yle. However numerous manufaturing onstraints ave been overome during te develoment of tis design and te data olleted ave allowed te eat exanger model to be verified over a limited temerature range. In arallel a bonding tenique as been develoed tat sows te otential to allow multile lates to be ermetially joined using a metallization layer. Tis new joining tenique and te verified numerial model ave been used to design a nd generation eat exanger tat uses ig ondutivity silion lates tat are alternated wit low ondutivity Pyrex saers. Te nd generation eat exanger as been otimized so tat it is robust to te stream-to-stream ressure differene and rovides enaned termal erformane as omared to te st generation design. Our intention is to build several roof-of-onet nd generation eat webs 35 Webs 60 Cooling ower [W] Cooling ower [W] webs 5 webs Commerially available ryosurgial robe Mass flow rate [kg/s] Figure 5. Cooling ower as a funtion of te mass flow rate for te web onfiguration Probe temerature [K] Figure 6. Cooling ower as a funtion of te robe ti temerature for several web onfigurations. Te ooling ower of a ommerially available robe is also inluded.
10 Cold side ressure dro [sia] webs Mass flow rate [kg/s] 9 webs 5 webs Figure 7. Pressure dro troug old side of eat exanger as a funtion of mass flow rate for several web onfigurations. 50 µm Table. Parameters used during otimization of eat exanger. Parameters Heat exanger lengt 0mm Heat exanger widt 0mm Mass flow rate 0.55 g/s Hot side inlet ressure 500 kpa No. of fin rows N f 70 No. of slots in a row N s 3 No. of web N web Lengt of ea slot L s 500 µm Lengt of ea fin L f 7700 µm Lengt of ea web L web 00 µm Widt of ea slot w s 50 µm Distane between ea slot row w f Tikness of Si late t 500 µm Tikness of glass saer t s 50 µm Minimum distane from edge of 00 µm slot to Pyrex saer W 0 exangers based on te otimized design tat an be installed into a termal vauum amber and erformane tested. Te exerimental results will allow furter verifiation and imrovement of te omuter model. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Tis work was funded by a grant from te US National Institutes of Healt ( EB EFEENCES. Dobak J. A eview of Cryobiology and Cryosurgery Advanes in Cryogeni Engineering Vol. 43 ( Zu W. Ho D.W. Nellis G.F. Klein S.A. and Gianandani Y.B. "A Planar Glass/Si Miromaining Proess for te Heat Exanger in a J-T Cryosurgial Probe" resented at te 006 Solid-State Sensors Atuator and Mirosystem Workso Hilton Head Island SC ( Dobak J. Marguardt E.D. and adebaug. A Cryogeni Cateter for Treating Heart Arrytmia Advanes in Cryogeni Engineering Vol ( Frank M. euerative Heat Exanger for a MEMS Cryorobe M.S. Tesis University of Wisonsin Det. of Meanial Engineering osenow W.M. Hartnett J.P. and Co Y.I Handbook of Heat Transfer MGraw-Hill New York ( Gnielinski V. Int. Cem. Eng. Vol. 6 ( Petukov B.S. in Irvine T.F. and Hartnett J.P. eds. Advanes in Heat Transfer Vol. 6 Aademi Press NY ( Nellis G.F. Huges C.B. and Pfotenauer J.M. "Heat Transfer Coeffiient Measurements for Mixed Gas Working Fluids at Cryogeni Temeratures" Cryogenis Vol. 45 No August ( Klein S. A. 006 EES-Engineering Equation Software F-Cart Software tt:// 0. F. Keler G. Nellis and S. Klein Otimization of te Comosition of a Gas Mixture in a Joule- Tomson Cyle" International Journal of Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning and efrigeration esear Vol. 0 No (004.
Steady State Numerical Analysis of a Joule-Thompson Cryocooler for Cryosurgical Probe
Steady State Numerial Analysis of a Joule-Tompson Cryoooler for Cryosurgial Probe R. V. Topkar 1 and M.. Atrey 1 1 epartment of Meanial Engineering, Indian Institute of Tenology Bombay, Mumbai 400076 Te
More informationDimensionless Analysis for Regenerator Design
Dimensionless Analysis for Regenerator Design Jinglei Si, Jon Pfotenauer, and Greg Nellis University of Wisonsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706 ABSTRACT Regenerative eat exangers represent a ruial omponent
More informationEVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE CONFIGURATIONS OF A WATER-OIL HEAT EXCHANGER SYSTEM
Tenologia/Tenology EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE ONFIGURATIONS OF A WATER-OIL HEAT EXHANGER SYSTEM A. L. V. Gonçalves a, and A. S. Franiso b Universidade Federal Fluense (UFF) Esola de Engenaria Industrial
More informationTHE BOILING OF THE REFRIGERANT R134a IN THE RECTANGULAR MICROCHANNELS OF THE CPU S COOLING SYSTEMS
TEHNOMUS - New Tenologies and Produts in Maine Manufaturing Tenologies THE BOIING OF THE REFRIGERANT R134a IN THE RECTANGUAR MICROCHANNES OF THE CPU S COOING SYSTEMS iliana PĂTUEANU 1, Tudor PĂTUEANU 1
More informationEffect of Twisted-tape Inserts on Heat Transfer in a Tube
Effect of Twisted-tae Inserts on Heat Transfer in a Tube Watcarin Nootong, Smit Eiamsa-ard and Pongjet Promvonge, * Deartment of Mecanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut s Institute
More informationDetection of Shallow Underground Buried Object Using Air Vibration Probe
Aoustis 8 Paris Detetion of Sallow Underground Buried Objet Using Air Vibration Probe Yuji Sato a, Tomoiro Okamura b, Koii Mizutani a and Naoto Wakatsuki a a Tsukuba Univ., Tsukuba Siene City, 35-8573
More informationSimultaneous Heat Integration and Batch Process Scheduling
A publiation of VOL. 29, 2012 CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGTRANSACTIONS Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Hon Loong Lam,Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyrigt 2012, AIDIC ServiziS.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-20-4; ISSN 1974-9791
More informationOverall stability of multi-span portal sheds at right-angles to the portal spans
Overall stability of multi-span portal seds at rigt-angles to te portal spans SCI s Senior Manager for Standards, Carles M King, explains te approac for design of long-span portal seds. 1. Introduction
More informationNumerical and Experimental Investigations for Effect of Gravity to the Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Phenomena of Microchannel Heat Exchangers
antrung Dang Ngotan ran Jy-tong eng /International Journal Of Coputational Engineering Resear / ISSN: 50 3005 Nuerial and Experiental Investigations for Effet of Gravity to te Heat ransfer and Fluid Flow
More informationA Sustainable Energy Harvesting Machine
Proeedings of te World Congress on Engineering 13 Vol III, WCE 13, July 3-5, 13, London, U.K. A Sustainable Energy Harvesting Maine Geoff Angel, George Haritos, Ian Campbell Abstrat tis paper introdues
More informationANALYSIS OF WORK ROLL THERMAL BEHAVIOR FOR 1450MM HOT STRIP MILL WITH GENETIC ALGORITHM
Journal of Teoretical and Applied Information Tecnology 3 t September 2. Vol. 43 No.2 5-2 JATIT & LLS. All rigts reserved. ANALYSIS OF WORK ROLL THERMAL BEHAVIOR FOR 45MM HOT STRIP MILL WITH GENETIC ALGORITHM
More informationEnergy Efficiency Retrofit of Two-Flow Heat Exchanger System
1513 A publiation of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 70, 2018 Guest Editors: Timoty G. Walmsley, Petar S. Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyrigt 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-67-9;
More informationAnalysis of Elastic Lateral-Resistant Stiffness of Steel Plate Shear Wall
Analysis of Elasti Lateral-Resistant Stiffness of Steel Plate Sear Wall Tiejian LU, Zan Yao *, Silong Yang Sool of Civil Engineering Central Sout University Cangsa,Hunan,Cina Abstrat Te main funtion of
More informationThe Vapor Compression Cycle in Aircraft Air-Conditioning Systems
FLECS_N_Vaor-Cycle Aircraft Design and Systems Grou (AERO Deartment of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering Hamburg University of Alied Sciences (HAW Berliner or 9 D - 20099 Hamburg e Vaor Comression
More informationCalculation of Theoretical Torque and Displacement in an Internal Gear Pump
TECHNICAL REPORT Calculation of Teoretical Torque and Displacement in an Internal Gear Pump Y. INAGUMA Tis paper describes numerical determination of teoretical torque (ideal torque) and teoretical stroke
More informationEffects of the Spudcan Penetration on the Adjacent Foundations
8 Te Oen Oean Engineering Journal, 21,, 8-44 Effets of te Sudan Penetration on te Adjaent Foundations Yongren. Wu*, Xiaobing u and Xuui Zang Oen Aess Institutie of Meanis, Cinese Aademy of Sienes, Beijing,
More informationRevision Topic 12: Area and Volume Area of simple shapes
Revision Topic : Area and Volume Area of simple sapes You need to learn ALL of te following area formulae: Rectangle Triangle W L b Area = lengt widt Area = base eigt = ½ b Parallelogram Trapezium a b
More information青藜苑教育 Example : Find te area of te following trapezium. 7cm 4.5cm cm To find te area, you add te parallel sides 7
青藜苑教育 www.tetopedu.com 00-6895997 3095457 Area of simple sapes Revision Topic : Area and Volume You need to learn ALL of te following area formulae: Rectangle Triangle W L Area = lengt widt Area = b base
More informationOrthogonal Tipping in Conventional Offshore Stability Evaluations
ABSTRACT Ortogonal Tipping in Conventional Offsore Stability Evaluations J. Andrew Breuer* Cief Engineer, Offsore Engineering Department, ABS Amerias Karl-Gustav Sjölund Consultant Researer, Seasafe AB,
More informationStudy of Steam Export Transients in a Combined Cycle Power Plant
Study of Steam Export Transients in a Combined Cycle ower lant Alfonso Junquera Delgado Departamento Mecánico, Empresarios Agrupados c\ Magallanes 3 Madrid 8003 ajd@empre.es Almudena Travesí de los Santos
More informationPhysics Engineering PC 1431 Experiment P2 Heat Engine. Section B: Brief Theory (condensed from Serway & Jewett)
Pysics Engineering PC 1431 Experiment P2 Heat Engine Section A: Introduction Te invention of steam engine played a very significant role in te Industrial Revolution from te late 1700s to early 1800s. Te
More informationInstallation the DELTABEAM Frame
Tese installation instructions are intended to be used togeter wit te project s erection metod statement were te instructions may be complemented. If tere are differences between te erection metod statement
More informationBIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPOSITE PANEL WITH INTEGRATED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FOR THERMAL CONTROL
BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPOSITE PANEL WITH INTEGRATED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FOR THERMAL CONTROL A. D. Williams, M. E. Lyall, L. E. Underwood, and B. J. Arritt Air Force Researc Laboratory,
More informationVALIDATION OF SEISMIC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CONCRETE FRAMES BASED ON MONTE CARLO SIMULATION AND FULL SCALE PSEUDODYNAMIC TESTS
13 t World Conferene on Eartquake Engineering Vanouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 24 Paper No. 2581 VALIDATION OF SEISMIC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CONCRETE FRAMES BASED ON MONTE CARLO SIMULATION AND FULL SCALE
More informationOptimization Model of Oil-Volume Marking with Tilted Oil Tank
Open Journal of Optimization 1 1 - ttp://.doi.org/1.36/ojop.1.1 Publised Online December 1 (ttp://www.scirp.org/journal/ojop) Optimization Model of Oil-olume Marking wit Tilted Oil Tank Wei Xie 1 Xiaojing
More informationNumerical Simulation of Stresses in Thin-rimmed Spur Gears with Keyway B. Brůžek, E. Leidich
Numerical Simulation of Stresses in Tin-rimmed Spur Gears wit Keyway B. Brůžek, E. Leidic Tis paper contains an investigation of te key on a stress distribution in a tin-rimmed spur gear. A stress analysis
More informationStudy of microrelief influence on optical output coefficient of GaN-based LED
Study of microrelief influence on optical output coefficient of GaN-based LED Danilina T.I., Cistoyedova I.A. and Popov A.A. Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Lenina prospect
More informationOD DVOSTRUKO ZASTAKLJENOG PROZORA DO DVOSTRUKE FASADE INDIKATORI PRENOSA TOPLOTE STACIONARNOG STANJA
OD DVOSTRUKO ZASTAKLJENOG PROZORA DO DVOSTRUKE FASADE INDIKATORI PRENOSA TOPLOTE STACIONARNOG STANJA FROM DOUBLE-GLAZED WINDOW TO DOUBLE-SKIN FACADE STEADY STATE HEAT TRANSFER INDICATORS Gabriel NĂSTASE
More informationPrediction of steel plate deformation due to triangle heating using the inherent strain method
J Mar Sci Tecnol (005) 10:11 16 DOI 10.1007/s00773-005-00-5 Prediction of steel plate deformation due to triangle eating using te inerent strain metod Cang Doo Jang 1, Tae Hoon Kim, Dae Eun Ko 3, Tomas
More informationAnnex 16. Methodological Tool. Tool to determine project emissions from flaring gases containing methane
CDM Met Panel Twenty-fourt meeting Page 1 Metodological Tool Tool to determine project emissions from flaring es containing metane I. DEFINITIONS, SCOPE, APPLICABILITY AND PARAMETERS Definitions For te
More informationCONFIGURATION OF AN UNMANNED GROUND EFFECT VEHICLE
ICA 2000 CONGRE CONFIGURATION OF AN UNMANNED GROUND EFFECT VEHICLE M. Millar, L. mrek Department of Aerospae Engineering University of Glasgow Keywords: UAV, Ground Effet, Experimental Testing, Applied
More informationGround Improvement Using Preloading with Prefabricated Vertical Drains
DISCUSSION of: Ground Improvement Using Preloading wit Prefabricated Vertical Drains Full Reference: Dar, A.S., Siddique, A., Ameen, S.F., (211). Ground Improvement using Pre-loading wit Prefabricated
More informationInfluence of the mass flow ratio water-air on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a cooling tower
International Journal of CemTec Researc CODEN (UA): IJCRGG, IN: 974-49, IN(Online):455-9555 Vol.11 No.1, pp 167-173, 18 Influence of te mass flow ratio water-air on te volumetric mass transfer coefficient
More informationENHANCED INTERFACE TOUGHNESS IN BI-MODAL NANO-ALUMINA-TITANIA COATINGS
8 RevAvMaterSi 4(1) 81-85 ENHANCED INTERFACE TOUGHNESS IN BI-MODAL NANO-ALUMINA-TITANIA COATINGS Reeive: November 7, 9 Institute of Problems of Meanial Engineering, Russian Aaemy of Sienes, Bolsoj 61,
More information10 Fingers of Death: Algorithms for Combat Killing Roger Smith and Don Stoner Titan Corporation
10 Fingers of Deat: Algoritms for Combat Killing Roger Smit and Don Stoner Titan Cororation Good sooting games need good killing algoritms. Tis gem rovides a series of combat algoritms tat can be used
More informationFABRICATION AND TESTING OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE PRINTED CIRCUIT HEAT EXCHANGER
FABRICATION AND TESTING OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE PRINTED CIRCUIT HEAT EXCHANGER Mingui Cen, Xiaodong Sun *, Ricard N. Cristensen Te Oio State University 201 W 19 t Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 cen.3370@osu.edu,
More information1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE
STERILE CONTAINER SYSTEMS BIO-BARRIER 1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE Aygün Bio-Barrier model sterilization container systems are designed wit mecanical valves
More informationRussell James Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Taupo-ldairakei, New Zealand
MEASUREMENT OF STEAM-TJATER FLOWS FOR THE TOTAL FLOW TURBIlJE Russell James Department of Scientific and Industrial Researc Taupo-ldairakei, New Zealand Hot water geotermal fields discarge steam-water
More informationMath Practice Use a Formula
9.4 Volumes of Prisms How can you find te volume of a prism? ACTIVITY: Pearls in a Treasure Cest Work wit a partner. A treasure cest is filled wit valuable pearls. Eac pearl is about centimeter in diameter
More information1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE
BIO-BARRIER 1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE Aygün Bio-Barrier model sterilization container systems are designed wit mecanical valves bot in bottom and lid
More informationResponse of Snap Bean Genotypes to Rhizobium Inoculation and Nitrogen Fertilizer under Different Agroecological Zones of Ethiopia
Response of Snap Bean Genotypes to Rhizoium Inoulation and Nitrogen Fertilizer under Different Agroeologial Zones of Ethiopia By Hussien Mohammed (PhD student) In Ethiopia, snap eans are one of the eonomially
More information2. The differential pressure across control valves must not vary too much
2. Te differential pressre across control valves mst not vary too mc Common roblems roblems, typical indicating tat condition nmber two is not met: - Continos oscillation of room temperatre. - Room temperatres
More informationCO-ROTATING FULLY INTERMESHING TWIN-SCREW COMPOUNDING: ADVANCEMENTS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY
CO-ROTATING FULLY INTERMESHING TWIN-SCREW COMPOUNDING: ADVANCEMENTS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY Paul G. Andersen, Coperion Corporation, Ramsey, NJ Frank Lecner, Coperion GmbH, Stuttgart,
More informationMeasured Adiabatic Effectiveness and Heat Transfer for Blowing From the Tip of a Turbine Blade
See discussions, stats, and autor profiles for tis publication at: ttps://www.researcgate.net/publication/4554895 Measured Adiabatic Effectiveness and Heat Transfer for Blowing From te Tip of a Turbine
More informationReflections on the drinking bowl 'Balance'
Supplement to Fun wit oueold object and centre of ma, originally publied in te German journal Pyik in unerer Zeit, 9-96 eflection on te drinking bowl Balance I te bowl made of maive tainle teel? No: ma
More informationTORQUE CONVERTER MODELLING FOR ACCELERATION SIMULATION
UNIVERSITY OF PITESTI SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN FACULTY OF MECHANICS AND TECHNOLOGY AUTOMOTIVE series, year XVII, no.1 ( 3 ) TORQUE CONVERTER MODELLING FOR ACCELERATION SIMULATION 1 Ciobotaru, Ticuşor *, 1 Vînturiş,
More informationPlanck + Einstein on -Day Fundamental Physical Constants in a Relativistic Perspective and The Design of a Black Hole Gun!
Plank + Einstein on -Day Fundamental Pysial Constants in a Relatiisti Pesetie and Te Design of a Blak Hole Gun! Esen Gaade Haug Nowegian Uniesity of Life Sienes Ma 7, 06 Abstat Tis ae sow ow we an maniulate
More informationInactivation of Salmonella on In-Shell Pecans during Conditioning Treatments Preceding Cracking and Shelling
588 Journal of Food Protetion, Vol. 74, No. 4, 2011, Pages 588 602 doi:10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-411 Copyright G, International Assoiation for Food Protetion Inativation of Salmonella on In-Shell Peans
More informationGolden section heat engines and heat pumps
Golden setion eat engines and eat pumps Mamoud uleil Aademi Institute for training arab teaers AIA. E-mail: s.berl@gmail.om (Reeived 5 July 01, aepted 13 September 01) Abstrat In tis study te effiieny
More informationAWRI Refrigeration Demand Calculator
AWRI Refrigeration Demand Calculator Resources and expertise are readily available to wine producers to manage efficient refrigeration supply and plant capacity. However, efficient management of winery
More informationInvestigation of multi-layer structures by the use of angular ultrasonic transducers
ULTRAGARSAS Journal, Ultrasoun Institute, Kaunas, Lituania For all papers of tis publiation lik: www.nt.net/sear/os.pp?mainsoure=7 ISSN 9- ULTRAGARSAS, Nr.(. 00. Investigation of multi-layer strutures
More informationDimitrios Krontsos Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Greece Thessaloniki 57400, Greece
Neural Network for Fault Detection and Isolation of te Tree-Tank System Panagiotis Tzionas Tecnological Educational Institute of Tessaloniki, Greece Tessaloniki 574, Greece tzionas@teite.gr Dimitrios Krontsos
More informationEFFECT OF CELL SIZE OF A HONEYCOMB POROUS PLATE ATTACHED TO A HEATED SURFACE ON CHF IN SATURATED POOL BOILING
Proceedings of te International Heat Transfer Conference IHTC14 August 8-13, 1, Wasington, DC, USA Draft IHTC14-349 EFFECT OF CELL SIZE OF A HONEYCOMB POROUS PLATE ATTACHED TO A HEATED SURFACE ON CHF IN
More informationINFLUENCE OF OSMOTIC TREATMENT IN THE DRYING OF SULTANINA GRAPES (Vitis vinifera L.)
386 Bulgarian Journal of Agriultural Siene, 15 (No 5) 2009, 386-392 Agriultural Aademy INFLUENCE OF OSMOTIC TREATMENT IN THE DRYING OF SULTANINA GRAPES (Vitis vinifera L.) N. PENOV 1, V. ROYTCHEV 2 and
More informationBrewhouse technology
Brewhouse technology For Beer with Character Brewhouse technology The best quality wort for the best quality beer The brewhouse is the heart of every brewery and therefore crucial to the quality of the
More informationPRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM A GEOTHERMAL SOURCE
Pall Valdimaron Capter 8 PRODUCION OF ELECRICIY FROM A GEOHERMAL SOURCE Pall Valdimaron 9.. Energy and Power, Heat and Work e prodution of eletriity from a geotermal oure i about produing work from eat.
More informationInternational Plant Protection Convention Page 1 of 10
International Plant Protection Convention Draft ISPM: Revision to Annex 1 and Annex 2 to ISPM 15 (Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade) 2006-010A&B [1]Draft revision of Annex 1
More informationGoal: Measure the pump curve(s)
Pump Performance Tes;ng Goal: Measure te pump curve(s) Head versus flow rate: Efficiency versus flow rate: Maximum ead at = 0 Maximum flow rate at = 0 η η = 0 wen = 0 and = 0 Maximum efficiency Pump tes;ng
More informationTHE BAKER S CROWN SDD EOS MDI STRATOS SDI PHAROS TUNNEL OVENS INDUSTRIAL BAKING SYSTEMS FOR A WIDE PRODUCT RANGE
THE BAKER S CROWN SDD EOS MDI STRATOS SDI PHAROS TUNNEL OVENS INDUSTRIAL BAKING SYSTEMS FOR A WIDE PRODUCT RANGE E MDI STRATOS The indirectly heated multi-deck tunnel oven MDI STRATOS is an extraordinary
More informationBy Helmut Quabeck, = distance of the aerodynamic centre of the elevator from the c.g.
135 Dr. Helut Quabek Finkeneg 39 6483 Babenausen Geran HQ-odellflugliteratur On te Longitudinal Stabilit of Gliders B Helut Quabek, bbreviations e 1, e, e 3 experiental sste of oordinates ord lengt ĉ ean
More informationPoint Pollution Sources Dimensioning
Point Pollution Sources Diensioning Georgeta CUCULEANU 1 ABSTRACT In tis paper a etod for deterining te ain pysical caracteristics of te point pollution sources is presented. It can be used to find te
More information16.1 Volume of Prisms and Cylinders
Name Class Date 16.1 Volume of Prisms and Cylinders Essential Question: How do te formulas for te volume of a prism and cylinder relate to area formulas tat you already know? Explore G.11.D Apply te formulas
More informationSTEAM TUBES OVENS RANGE
STEAM TUBES OVENS RANGE 1 Steam tube deck oven PRIME KAPPA FOKUS MINI STAR STONE MINI STAR RING Multi deck steam tube oven TOWER 2 Steam tube ovens PRIME - KAPPA(Stone heating system) LoGiudice Forni is
More informationKøbenhavns Universitet. Addressing the Climate Problem Amundsen, Eirik S; Andersen, Peder; Mortensen, Jørgen Birk. Publication date: 2018
universit of oenagen Købenavns Universitet Addressing te Climate Problem Amundsen Eirik S; Andersen Peder; Mortensen Jørgen Birk Publiation date: 18 Doument Version Publisers PDF also known as Version
More information2 2D 2F. 1pc for each 20 m of wire. h (min. 45) h (min. 45) 3AC. see details J, E
TEXTILE AIR DIFFUSERS - - INSTRUCTIONS AIR FOR MOUNTING 1 1D 1F see details A, B, C 2 2D 2F see details A, B, C (min. 32) min. every 0 mm 1pc for eac 20 m of wire min. every 0 mm 1pc for eac 20 m of wire
More informationBlending is the key for a cup of fine tea
DRY BULK BLENDING EQUIPMENT Rotary Batch Mixers Ribbon/Paddle/ Plow Blenders Rotary Continuous Blenders High Intensity Continuous Blenders Vee-Cone Blenders Fluidized Bed Mixers SIZE REDUCTION EQUIPMENT
More informationFranke Coffee Systems Evolution Plus: even more choice at the touch of a button.
Franke Coffee Systems Evolution Plus: even more choice at the touch of a button. The art of excellent coffee-making Evolution Plus: Trendy coffee creations to suit every taste. The Evolution Plus lets
More informationPre-Selection Plus operating unit: pre-selection and beverage selection presented with great style!
Pre-Selection Plus operating unit: pre-selection and beverage selection presented with great style! The Pre-Selection Plus operating unit fashioned from glass not only stands out by virtue of its ultramodern
More informationPath Planning and Steering Control for an Automatic Perpendicular Parking Assist System
Pat Panning and Steering Contro for an Automati Perendiuar Parking Assist System Pamen Petrov, Fawzi Nasasibi, Member, IEEE, and Moamed Marouf Abstrat Tis aer onsiders te erendiuar reverse arking robem
More informationSolid Phase Micro Extraction of Flavor Compounds in Beer
Solid Phase Micro Extraction of Flavor Compounds in Beer ANNE JUREK Reducing Carryover in Environmental Water Samples Application Note Environmental Author Anne Jurek Applications Chemist EST Analytical
More informationAnalysing the energy consumption of air handling units by Hungarian and international methods
Analysing te energy consumption of air andling units by Hungarian and international metods László Kajtár 1, Miklós Kassai 2,* 1,2 Budapest University of Tecnology and Economics (BUTE), Budapest, Hungary
More informationHCR OF HEAT PUMP ROOM AIR CONDITIONER IN CHINA. Beijing , China
OF HEA PUMP ROOM AIR CONDIIONER IN CHINA Baolong Wang 1, Wenxing Si 1, uan Cen 1 1 Department of Building Sciencesingua University, Beijing 100084, Cina ABSRAC Definition of eating/cooling capacity ratio
More informationGas Flow into Rotary Valve Intake and Exhaust Mechanism in Internal Combustion Engine
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Tecnology Vol:7, No:4, 13 Gas Flow into Rotary Valve Intake and Exaust Mecanism in Internal Combustion Engine R. Usubamatov, Z. A. Rasid International Science
More informationCalculation Methodology of Translucent Construction Elements in Buildings and Other Structures
MATEC Web of Conferences 96, 005 (08) ttps://doi.org/0.05/matecconf/0896005 XXVII R-S-P Seminar 08, Teoretical Foundation of Civil Engineering Calculation Metodology of Translucent Construction Elements
More informationFixation effects: do they exist in design problem solving?
Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 1993, volume 20, pages 333-345 Fixation effects: do tey exist in design problem solving? A T Purcell, P Williams, J S Gero, B Colbron Department of Arcitectural
More informationVolumes of Pyramids. Essential Question How can you find the volume of a pyramid?
11.6 Volumes of Pyramids Essential Question How can you find te volume of a pyramid? Finding te Volume of a Pyramid Work wit a partner. Te pyramid and te prism ave te same eigt and te same square base.
More information234 The National Strategies Secondary Mathematics exemplification: Y7
234 Te National Strategies Secondary Matematics exemplification: Y7 Pupils sould learn to: Deduce and use formulae to calculate lengts, perimeters, areas and volumes in 2-D and 3-D sapes As outcomes, Year
More informationTURBOMIXERS AND PREMIXERS. VERTIMIX TURBOMIXER GTM SERIES TURBOMIXER GTM TANK-LESS SERIES TURBOMIXER GMG SERIES PREMIXER PCG SERIES
TURBOMIXER GTM SERIES TURBOMIXERS AND PREMIXERS TURBOMIXER GTM TANK-LESS SERIES TURBOMIXER GMG SERIES VERTIMIX TECHNOLOGY PREMIXER PCG SERIES www.gorreri.com TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTINUOUS MIXING SPEED RELIABILITY
More informationGail E. Potter, Timo Smieszek, and Kerstin Sailer. April 24, 2015
Supplementary Material to Modelling workplace contact networks: the effects of organizational structure, architecture, and reporting errors on epidemic predictions, published in Network Science Gail E.
More informationMCS Ovens. Member of the
MCS Ovens Member of the MCS Cyclotherm Ovens MCS Bakemaster Oven The MCS Bakemaster oven is the result of more than 40 years of experience in designing and manufacturing automatic baking systems and incorporates
More informationDecision making with incomplete information Some new developments. Rudolf Vetschera University of Vienna. Tamkang University May 15, 2017
Decision making with incomplete information Some new developments Rudolf Vetschera University of Vienna Tamkang University May 15, 2017 Agenda Problem description Overview of methods Single parameter approaches
More informationAppendix A. Table A.1: Logit Estimates for Elasticities
Estimates from historical sales data Appendix A Table A.1. reports the estimates from the discrete choice model for the historical sales data. Table A.1: Logit Estimates for Elasticities Dependent Variable:
More informationLászló Mester. The new physical-mechanical theory of granular materials
László Mester Te new pysical-mecanical teory of granular materials 9 - - Contents Introduction 3 Granular material as a distinct state of matter 4 Pysical properties of te granular material in relation
More informationDistributed rainfall runoff analysis in a flow regulated basin having multiple multi-purpose dams
Preitions in Ungauge Basins: Promise an Progress (Proeeings of symposium S7 el uring te Sevent IAHS Sientifi Assembly at Foz o Iguaçu, Brazil, April 2005). IAHS Publ. 303, 2006. 371 Distribute rainfall
More informationCharacteristics and dead-time of GM-tube
Caracteristics ad dead-time of GM-tube GM-tubes are te most popular gas ioizatio detectors for te measuremet of - ad -radiatio. Gas ioizatio detectors ave tree types: ioizatio cambers, proportioal couters
More informationSimulation of Trough Withering of Tea using One Dimensional Heat and Mass Transfer Finite Difference Model
Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 22 (3): 282-295 (2011) Simulation of Trough Withering of Tea using One Dimensional Heat and Mass Transfer Finite Difference Model W.S. Botheju *, K.S.P. Amarathunge
More informationBalanced Binary Trees
Balanced Binary Trees 1 Binary searc trees provide O(log N) searc times provided tat te nodes are distributed in a reasonably balanced manner. Unfortunately, tat is not always te case and performing a
More informationEXACT MIXING EXACT MIXING. Leaders in Continuous Mixing solutions for over 25 years. BY READING BAKERY SYSTEMS
EXACT MIXING Leaders in Continuous Mixing solutions for over 25 years. EXACT MIXING BY READING BAKERY SYSTEMS Continuous Mixing equipment and expertise for perfect product every time. Whatever you make,
More informationStructural optimal design of grape rain shed
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 31 (2012) 751 755 International Conference on Advances in Computational Modeling and Simulation Structural optimal design of grape rain shed
More informationSHEA ROASTING IN A NUTSHELL. Brian Gylland (& Paul Means) Burn Design Lab ETHOS January 26-28, 2018
SHEA ROASTING IN A NUTSHELL Brian Gylland (& Paul Means) Burn Design Lab ETHOS January 26-28, 2018 Agenda Background Problems Approach Potential Solutions Next Steps Background Shea is a fruit, and grows
More informationGeorge Mason University SCHOOL of LAW
Geore Mason University SCHOOL of LAW Te Filterin Effet of Sarin Rules Giuseppe Dari Mattiai Gerrit De Geest 04-4 LAW AND ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER SERIES Tis paper an be downloaded witout are from te Soial
More informationINTRODUCTION TO CUSTOM FABRICATED STRAINERS
INTRODUCTION TO CUSTOM FABRICATED STRAINERS Nothing Too Big, Too Small or Too Special When unwanted solid material has to be removed from flowing fluids in order to protect equipment, a HAYWARD Strainer
More informationTo find the volume of a pyramid and of a cone
- Volumes of Pyramids and Cones Common Core State Standards G-GMD.A. Use volume formulas for... pyramids, cones... to solve problems. G-MG.A. Use geometric sapes, teir measures, and teir properties to
More informationWine Preparation. Nate Starbard Gusmer Enterprises Davison Winery Supplies August, 2017
Wine Preparation Nate Starbard Gusmer Enterprises Davison Winery Supplies August, 2017 Contents Intro Clarification methods Sheets, Lenticulars, Crossflow Final influences of filterability Filterability
More informationINDEPENDENT, TRADITIONAL, AND INNOVATIVE Flottweg Separators for Craft Breweries
INDEPENDENT, TRADITIONAL, AND INNOVATIVE Flottweg Separators for Craft Breweries LATEST TECHNOLOGY MEETS TRADITION Separators for Craft Brewers Tradition and the modern are no contradiction at Flottweg.
More informationStrainers Index. General information page Introduction 328. Product information. Fittings BA-001 page 327
Index General information page Introduction 328 Product information page BSP female threaded, bronze 329 Standard type 330 ight construction; small straining surface 331 BSP female threaded, cast iron
More information4 Breeding Corn Fa r m e r s t h r o u g h o u t t h e world grow crops and raise animals to sustain
4 Breeding Corn Fa r m e r s t h r o u g h o u t t h e world grow cros and raise animals to sustain their families and communities, and to earn a living. Livestock and most cros reroduce by sexual reroduction
More informationMaster planning in semiconductor manufacturing exercise
Master planning in semiconductor manufacturing exercise Outline of the LP model for master planning We consider a semiconductor manufacturer with a three-stage production: Wafer fab, assembly, testing
More informationTHE EFFECT OF ETHYLENE UPON RIPENING AND RESPIRATORY RATE OF AVOCADO FRUIT
California Avocado Society 1966 Yearbook 50: 128-133 THE EFFECT OF ETHYLENE UPON RIPENING AND RESPIRATORY RATE OF AVOCADO FRUIT Irving L. Eaks University of California, Riverside Avocado fruits will not
More informationThe basic ingredient. We know how.
OVENS The basic ingredient. We know how. Ever since we first started, in 1962, we have always felt ourselves to be part of our customers recipies. This is why we have always given them our technology,
More information