Path Planning and Steering Control for an Automatic Perpendicular Parking Assist System
|
|
- Kerrie Dalton
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Pat Panning and Steering Contro for an Automati Perendiuar Parking Assist System Pamen Petrov, Fawzi Nasasibi, Member, IEEE, and Moamed Marouf Abstrat Tis aer onsiders te erendiuar reverse arking robem of front wee steering veies. Reationsis between te widts of te arking aise and te arking ae, as we as te arameters and initia osition of te veie for anning a oision-free reverse erendiuar arking in one maneuver are first resented. Two tyes of steering ontroers (bang-bang and saturated tan-tye ontroers) for straigtine traking are roosed and evauated. It is demonstrated tat te saturated ontroer, wi is ontinuous, aieves aso quik steering avoiding attering and an be suessfuy used in soving arking robems. Simuation resuts and first exerimenta tests onfirm te effetiveness of te roosed ontro seme. I. INTRODUCTION Te erendiuar arking is te most effiient and eonomia sine it aommodates te most veies er inear meter [], and is eseiay effetive in ong term arking areas. Due to te seia onstraint environments, mu attention and driving exeriene is needed to ontro te veie, and tis arking maneuver may be a diffiut task. For tis reason, automated oeration attrats signifiant attention from resear view oint, as we, and from te automobie industry. One of te diffiuties in aieving automati arking is te narrow oerating ae for oisionfree motion of te veie during te arking maneuver, and anning of otima trajetories is often used in te aiations. In [], an otima stoing agoritm was designed for arking using an aroa ombining an ouany grid wit anning otima trajetories for oision avoidane. Te geometry of te erfet arae arking maneuver is resented in [3]. In [4], a ratia reverse arking maneuver anner is given. A trajetory anning metod based on forward at generation and bakward traking agoritm, eseiay suitabe for bakward arking situations is reorted in [5]. A ar arking ontro using trajetory traking ontroer is resented in [6]. In [7], a saturated feedbak ontro for an automated arae arking assist system is reorted. In reent years, automati arking systems ave been aso deveoed by severa automobie manufaturers [9, ]. In tis aer, we fous on geometri oision-free at anning, and feedbak steering ontro for erendiuar reverse arking in one maneuver. Geometri at anning based on admissibe iruar ars witin te avaiabe arking P. Petrov is wit te Fauty of Meania Engineering, Tenia University of Sofia, Sofia, Bugaria, (e-mai: etrov@ tu-sofia.bg). F. Nasasibi is wit te Robotis & Inteigent Transortation Systems (RITS), INRIA - Roquenourt, 7853 Roquenourt, Frane, (e-mai: fawzi.nasasibi@inria.fr). M. Marouf is wit te Robotis & Inteigent Transortation Systems (RITS), INRIA - Roquenourt, 7853 Roquenourt, Frane, (e-mai: moamed.marouf@inria.fr). sot is resented in order to steer te veie in te diretion of te arking ae in one maneuver. Two steering ontroers (bang-bang and saturated tan-tye) for at traking are roosed and evauated. Te rest of te aer is organized as foows: In Setion II, geometri onsiderations for anning erendiuar reverse arking in one maneuver are resented. In Setion III, two feedbak steering ontroers are roosed. Simuation resuts and first exerimenta tests are reorted in Setion IV. Setion V onudes te aer. II. GEOMETRIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COLLISION-FREE PERPENDICULAR PARKING IN ONE MANEUVER A. Veie Mode In tis aer, a retanguar mode of a front-wee assenger veie is assumed. Te veie arameters wi affet te arking maneuver, as we as te arameter vaues used in te simuations, are resented in Tabe I. TABLE I. VEHICLE PARAMETERS Veie arameters Notation Vaue Longitudina veie base.6m Wee base b.8m Distane between te front axe and te front bumer.94m Distane between te rear axe and te rear bumer.74m Maximum steering ange α max π/6rad B. Coision-Free Pat Panning wit a Constant Turning Radius Te geometry of te reverse erendiuar arking in one oision free maneuver is sown in Fig.. In te erendiuar arking senario onsidered in tis aer, te veie starts to move bakward from an initia osition in te arking aise, wit onstant steering ange α, wi may be smaer tan te maximum steering ange ( α α max ), and as to enter in te arking ae (osition ) witout oiding wit te boundary of arking ot L and boundaries, and 3 of arking ot L. In osition te orientation of te veie is arae wit reset to te arking ae. After tat, te veie ontinues to move bakward in a straigt ine into te arking ae unti it reaes te fina osition 3 (Fig. ). Assuming a iruar motion of te veie (wit turning radius ), wit enter O (Fig. ). Te radius is auated from te formua =. () tanα
2 Te boundaries of te turning at during te erendiuar arking are determined by te dimensions of te traes (iruar ars) formed by te eft orner of te front bumer B wit radius r B, te eft orner of te rear bumer B 4 wit radius r B4, and te end of te rear wee axe C, resetivey, as sown in Fig.. Sine te veie exeutes a ane rotation, te trajetories of tese oints form ars of onentri ires. Parking aise y G 3 F 3 x Parking ot L A D r B 4 B 3 Figure. Geometry of te oision-free erendiuar arking maneuver From te ΔOC B, aying te Pytagorean Teorem, we obtain an exression for te radius r B of te iruar ar traed by te eft orner of te front bumer B in terms of te veie arameters,, b, and te turning radius, as foows b ( ) rb = OB = () From te ΔOC B 4, we determine te radius r B4, of te iruar ar traed by te eft orner of te rear bumer B 4 b 4 4 rb = OB = + +. (3) We assign an inertia frame Fxy attaed to te arking ae, were te enter F is aed in te midde between te borders of te arking ae, wi as its y-axis aigned wit te boundary of arking ot L, as sown in Fig.. Let O denotes te enter of rotation of te veie (te Instantaneous Center of Rotation (ICR)) wen it starts te arking maneuver wit onstant steering ange α. Deending on te sign of x-oordinate of ICR (oint O) wit reset to te Fxy frame, i.e., te offset s (Fig. ), different formuas an be derived in order to determine te required widt of te O C P r B4 C Parking ot L r B s B B b arking ae and te widt of te arking aise (te orridor) as funtions of s in order to ensure oision-free erendiuar arking in one maneuver. We onsider rigt turning of te ar in te foowing two ases: Te ICR O beongs to te interva: s [ ( b/), ] Te ower vaue of te interva orresonds to te ase wen te rigt side of te veie B B 3 (Fig.) ies on te boundary ine of arking ot L. In order to avoid oision between te eft orner B of te front bumer wit te boundary of L (Fig. ), using (), we obtain an exression for te widt of te arking aise, as foows = r B s = b. (4) ( + ) + + s Te funtion = f(s) defined by (4) is inear in s, ositive and monotoniay inreasing in te above-mentioned osed interva for s. Terefore, it takes its minimum and maximum vaues at te ends of tis interva. To avoid a oision between te rigt oint C of te rear axe wit te vertex A of obstae L, from te ΔOAD, aying te Pytagorean Teorem, te distane OD (Fig. ) is auated as foows b = s. (5) OD In order to avoid a oision between te eft orner B 4 of te rear bumer wit te edge 3 of te arking ae, using (3) and (5), te foowing exression for te widt of te arking sae is obtained = rb 4 OD = + b b + s. (6) Te funtion = f(s) defined by (6) is ontinuous on te osed interva of s mentioned above. Tis funtion is differentiabe on te oen interva s ( ( b/), ), and its derivative is given by s = s b s. (7) < Terefore, te funtion = f(s) is strity dereasing on te osed interva [-( b/), ]. Te maximum and minimum vaues of an be found by reaing in (6) te boundary vaues of te interva: s = - ( b/) and s =. Te ICR O beongs to te interva: s [, ] Te uer bound orresonds to te ase wen te rear bumer ies on te Fy-axis at te instant wen te orientation of te veie is arae to te arking ae.
3 In order to avoid a oision between te eft orner B of te front bumer wit te boundary of L, using (), we obtain an exression for te widt of te arking aise b = rb + s = ( + ) s. (8) Again, te funtion = f(s) defined by (8) is inear in s, ositive and monotoniay inreasing in te abovementioned ose interva of s. Terefore, it takes its minimum and maximum vaues at te ends of tis interva. To avoid a oision between te eft orner B 4 of te rear bumer wit te edge 3 of te arking ae, and between te rigt oint C of te rear veie axe wit te vertex A of obstae L, we obtain te foowing exression for = b b + + s. (9) Te funtion = f(s) defined by (9), is ontinuous on te osed interva of s [, ]. Tis funtion is differentiabe on te oen interva s, and te derivative is s = ( ) s b + + s. () < Terefore te funtion is strity dereasing on te osed interva s [,. Te maximum and minimum vaues of ] an be found by reaing te imit vaues s = and s = of te interva, resetivey, in te exression (). It soud be noted tat for s =, te two funtions defined by (6) and (9) take te same maximum vaue. For s =, te funtion = f(s) takes minimum vaue, wi is exaty te widt b of te veie. From a ratia oint of view, it is imortant to determine te starting ositions of te veie for arking witout oision in one maneuver in te ase wen te widts and of te arking aise and te arking sae, resetivey, are seified in advaned. Suose tat te widts of te arking aise and te arking ae are set as = d and = d, resetivey, and aso tat d < r B. In tis ase, from () and (4), it foows tat s = d r. () max B From (3) and (6), we obtain a formua for te minimum vaue of s as foows ( r ) b s = min. () B4 d Simuation resuts were erformed to iustrate te reationsis between te widts and of te arking aise and te arking sae, resetivey, as funtions of te offset s in te interva [-( b/), ] by using arameters of te test veie (Tabe I) wit α = α max, ( = min ). Te vaues of and, ( d and d ), were osen as foows: d = 6m and d =.4m. As seen from Fig., te funtion = f(s) (te soid bue ine) dereases in te interva and onverges to b=.8m (te red dotted ine), wi is exaty te engt of te wee base of te veie. Meanwie, te gra intersets te orizonta ine for te assigned vaue of d =.4m (te bue dotted ine) at s = - s min = -.9m, wi is te minimum vaue of s obtained from () for oision-free arking. In order to ark te veie in one maneuver for s = - s min = -.9m, from (8), te required minimum widt of te arking aise is obtained to be = 4.55m wi is ess tan te seified vaue of d = 6m. Te funtion = f(s) (te green soid ine) inreases ineary in te interva and te gra intersets te orizonta ine for te assigned vaue of d = 6m (te green dotted ine) at s = - s max = -.46m, wi is te maximum vaue of s, obtained from (). For s = - s max = -.46m, from (6), te required minimum widt of te arking ae as to be =.88m, wi is ess tan te assigned vaue of d =.4m. Terefore, given seified vaues = d = 6m and = d =.4m for te arking aise and te arking sae, resetivey, for oision-free arking, te offset s an take vaues in te interva [- s min, - s max ] = [-.9m, -.46m], were te boundary vaues are determined by () and (), resetivey. [m], [m] d = 6m min =.8m = f(s), = f(s) = f(s) = f(s) - s min = -.9m d =.4m - s max = -.46m s[m] Figure. Coision-free interva for s Te distanes between te ar and te boundaries of te arking sae and r (Fig. ), wen te veie is arae to te arking sae, are determined as foows r b b s, (3) = d r = b. (4) From te simuations, for s = - s min = -.9m, te obtained vaues of r and are r =.55m and =.5m.
4 From a ratia view oint, it is better to ark te ar symmetriay wit reset to te boundaries of te arking ae, sine it is not very wide. For tis end, we auate te minimum vaue of te offset s = s m, in order to ark te veie symmetriay in te enter of te arking sae (Fig. 3). We set as s d b : = r = =. (5) From te ΔOAD (Fig. 3), te distane OD is determined d x Parking aise Parking ot L P(x.y) b s m OD =. (6) Sine te turning radius an be exressed as y F T A D r O - s max - s m b = + r + OD, (7) and substituting r from (3) and OD from (6) into (7), we arrive to an exression for s m, as foows 3 G Parking ot L d Figure 3. Geometry of oision-free erendiuar arking b d s m =. (8) Te new offset - s m is bigger tan tose given by () (- s m > - s min ). In te simuation resuts, - s m = -.44m > -.9m. In genera, it must be eked weter te new offset - s m is smaer tan - s max given by (). If it is te ase, te ar an ark symmetriay witout oision in reverse wen s is at east s = - s m. In tis ase, owever, te boundary 3 of te arking ae wi not be tangent to te ar of ire traed by oint B 4 of te eft orner of te rear bumer; neverteess, oint A (vertex A of obstae L) wi ie again on te ar of ire traed by oint C of te rear veie axe. Terefore, given seified dimensions of te arking aise and arking ae = d and = d, resetivey, te offset s an take vaues in te osed interva - s [- s m, - s max ], were - s m and - s max are determined from formuas (8) and (), resetivey, (Fig.3). Hene, in order to erform reverse erendiuar arking in one maneuver and to ae te veie symmetriay in te arking ae, te starting osition, i.e., te referene oint P of te veie as to be on any one of te ars of ires wit radius of enter O(x O, y O ), were x O [- s m, - s max ] and y O = -, wit reset to an inertia frame Fxy attaed to te arking ae. Te initia orientation as to be tangent to te ar (Fig. 3). Te referene at of te arking maneuver onsists of two arts. Te first one is a iruar ar wit enter O onneting te staring osition of te veie and te tangent oint T between te ar and te x-axis of Fxy. At tat oint, te ar wi be arae to te arking ae. Te seond art of te referene at is a straigt ine aong te y- axis of te oordinate frame Fxy between oint T and te goa osition G of te arking ae, were oint G ies on te x-axis of Fxy, (Fig. 3). III. STEERING CONTROL For a ow seed motion, wi is te ase of te arking maneuver, we assume tat te wees of te veie ro witout siding, and te veoity vetors are in te diretion of te orientation of te wees. We onsider a simified (biye mode) of te veie, were te front and rear wees are reaed by two virtua wees, aed at te ongitudina axis of te veie. An inertia oordinate system is attaed to te arking ae (Fig. 3). Te oordinates of te referene oint P in Fxy are denoted by (x P, y P ). Te orientation of te veie θ is defined as an ange between te x-axis of Fxy and te ongitudina veie base. Te front wee steering ange is denoted by α. Te equations of motion of te veie in te ane ave te form [7] x& P = v y& P = v & vp θ = P P osθ sinθ, (9) tanα were v P is te veoity of oint P. We onsider a ratia stabiization of te veie in te arking ae. Our aroa is based on ontroing te motion of te veie aong a straigt ine (te x-axis of Fxy) assing troug te goa oint G (Fig.3) in te arking ae and aigned wit te orientation of te ae wit veoity of te ar, wi is deendent of te distane between te veie and te goa osition [7]. Sine te referene at for te first art of te arking maneuver is a iruar ar, first a bang-bang ontroer is roosed, were te front wee steering ange is onstrained by magnitude and takes ony two onstant vaues. As a onsequene, te veie trajetories reresent iruar
5 ars. However, in ratie, due to te disontinuity of te ontro aw, an undesirabe beavior of te system (attering) wi our wen te osition of te veie is in te viinity of te traking ine, and te orientation error is aso sma. In order to avoid te attering, a saturated ontro based on yerboi tangent funtion is aso roosed, wi is onstrained by magnitude, but te ontro funtion is ontinuous. A. Bang-Bang Contro In tis aer, we roose a bang-bang ontro in te ase wen te veie is moving bakward, (v P = - v P < ). Te veie as to trak a straigt ine wi oinides wit te x- axis of oordinate frame Fxy. Te design of te ontro ow is based on te seond and tird equations of (9). Te steering ange of te front wees is onstraint and takes vaues ± α. For brevity of exosition, we wi resent te fina form of te bang-bang ontro. Te ontro design roedure for bakward driving of te veie is simiar to tose resented in [8], but te form is sigty different, sine te veie veoity as negative sign. Te bang-bang ontroer for bakward driving as te form u u = u were if or if or θ θ > sin sin tanα θ θ = sin sin and tanα θ θ < sin sin tanα θ θ = sin sin and tanα >, () y < tanα u =. () B. Saturated Contro In order to avoid attering in te system wen a ure bang-bang ontro is used, we roose a differentiabe saturation in te form of yerboi tangent (tan(.)) onstraint. Tis funtion is bounded by ±. Aso tan(x) if x, and tan(x) < if x <. Tan(x) is ose to te signum funtion, wen in tan(k t x) te gain K t is arge, as sown in Fig. 4. tan(x) x Figure 4. Te funtion tan(k t x) for K t =,3, and We roose te foowing feedbak bounded steering ontroer P were u is given by (), [ u tan( K v) ] α = a tan t, () and K t, K and a are ositive onstants. v = K( θ a ), (3) IV. SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Simuation resuts using MATLAB are resented to iustrate te effetiveness of te roosed steering ontroers for erendiuar reverse arking in one maneuver. Te arameters of te veie are given in Tabe I. For te simuations, te onstant steering ange of te front wees was osen to be α = α max = π/6rad. Using (), for te minimum turning radius is obtained te vaue of =4.5m. Te arking aise d was 6m wide, wie te widt of te arking ae d was.4m. Te initia oordinates of te veie referene oint P wit reset to te inertia frame Fxy attaed to te arking ae were (x P (), y P ()) = (3.5m, -4.5m). In tis ase, te offset s is equa to s = -m and beongs to te interva [- s m, - s max ] = [-.44m, -.46m] for symmetri arking in one maneuver. Te initia orientation of te veie was osen to be θ() = -π/rad. Te initia oordinates of te veie referene oint P wit reset to an inertia frame Gxy wit enter aed in te goa osition G of te veie in te arking ae (Fig. 3), and wi as its x-axis aigned wit te x-axis of Fxy are (x P (), y P ()) = (7.5m, -4.5m). Te maximum vaue of te veie veoity was osen to be v P =.3m/s. Te vaues of te saturated tan-tye ontroer were K t = 8, K = 5.85, a =.7. Starting from identia initia onditions, te anar ats of te veie using bang-bang ontro and saturated (tantye) ontro are resented in Fig. 5. As seen from te simuation, te veie trajetories are quite simiar. Tis resut sows tat te saturated ontro an be used instead of bang-bang ontro in order to steer te veie into te arking ae aording to te geometria onsiderations for oision-free reverse erendiuar arking in one maneuver resented in Setion II. y[m] Veie at in te ane (a) x[m] y[m] Veie at in te ane (b) x[m] Figure 5. Perendiuar arking: Panar ats of te veie using bangbang ontro (a) and saturated ontro (b). Evoution in time of te front-wee steering ange by using bang-bang ontro and saturated ontro is resented in Fig. 6. Te simuation resuts sow te advantage of te saturated ontro: te attering ourring using bang-bangontro, wen te osition of te veie is in te viinity of te traking ine, and te orientation error is aso sma, is avoided.
6 afa[rad] Steering ange "afa" t[s] (a) afa[rad] Steering ange "afa" (b) t[s] ontroers) for straigt-ine traking ave been roosed and evauated. It was demonstrated tat, te saturated tan-tye ontroer, wi is ontinuous, was abe to aieve aso quik steering avoiding attering and an be suessfuy used in soving arking robems. Simuation resuts and te first exeriments wit a test veie onfirm te effetiveness of te roosed ontro seme. Figure 6. Perendiuar arking: Evoution in time of te front-wee steering ange using bang-bang ontro (a) and saturated ontro (b) An animation of te erendiuar reverse arking in one maneuver using saturated tan-tye steering ontro is sown in Fig y[m] x[m] 5 6 Figure 7. Perendiuar reverse arking using saturated ontro Te saturated tan-tye ontroer as been imemented on an exerimenta automati eetri veie CyCab and initia tests of erendiuar reverse arking as been initiaized (Fig. 8). In te first tests, ony information from te enoders mounted on te wees were used for determining te osition of te veie wit reset to an inertia frame attaed to te goa osition into te arking ae. Te dimensions of te CyCab are: =.m; b =.m; = =.35m; α = α max = π/6rad and = min =.8m. Te assigned vaues for te arking aise and te arking ae were osen to be d = 3m and d = m, resetivey. For symmetri arking into te arking ae, aording to (8) and () te offset s an take vaues in te osed interva - s [- s m, - s max ] = [-.m, -.95m]. For te exeriment sown in Fig. 8, te initia oordinates of te veie wit reset to Gxy wit enter aed at te goa osition in te arking ae were aroximatey (x P (), y P ()) = (3m, -.m). Te first exeriments onfirm te effetiveness of te roosed ontroer. V. CONCLUSION In tis aer, te robem of erendiuar reverse arking of front wee steering veies was onsidered. Geometri onsiderations for oision-free erendiuar arking in one reverse maneuver were first resented, were te sae of te veie and te arking environment were exressed as oygons. Reationsis between te widts of te arking aise and arking ae, as we as te arameters and te initia osition of te veie ave been given, in order to an a oision-free maneuver, in te ase, wen te ar as to be symmetriay ositioned into te arking ae. Two tyes of steering ontroers (bang-bang and saturated 7 Figure 8. Automati erendiuar arking of a CyCab veie REFERENCES [] USAF - LANDSCAPEDESIGN GUIDE, avaiabe at: tt:// mtu.edu/ubiations/7/parkingdesignconsiderations.df. [] B. Gutjar and M. Wering, Automati oision avoiding during arking maneuver an otima ontro aroa, In Pro. 4 IEEE Inte.. V. Symosium, 4, [3] S. Bakburn, Te geometry of erfet arking, Avaiabe at: tt://ersona.ru.a.uk/ua/58/erfet_arking.df. [4] C. Pradaier, S. Vaussier and P. Corke, Pat anning for arking assistane system : Imementation and exerimantation, In Pro. Austr. Conf. Rob. Automation, 5. [5] J. Moon, I. Bae, J. Ca, and S. Kim, A trajetory anning metod based on forward at generation and bakward traking agoritm for automati arking systems, In Pro. IEEE Int. Conf. Inte. Trans. Systems, 4, [6] K. Lee, D. Kim, W. Cung, H. Cang, and P. Yoon, Car arking ontro using a trajetory traking ontroer, In Pro SICE_ICASE Int. J. Conferene, 6, [7] P. Petrov and F. Nasasibi, Saturated feedbak ontro for an automated arae arking assist system, In Pro. IEEE Conf. Contr. Autom. Rob. Vision, 4, [8] P. Petrov, C. Boussard, S. Ammoun, and F. Nasasibi, A ybrid ontro for automati doking of eetri veies for rearging, In Pro. IEEE Int. Conf. Rob. Automation,, [9] Avaabe at: tts:// [] Avaabe at: tts:// 8
Automatic vehicle perpendicular parking design using saturated control
Automati veie perpendiuar parking design using saturated ontro Pamen Petrov, Fawzi Nasasibi To ite tis version: Pamen Petrov, Fawzi Nasasibi. Automati veie perpendiuar parking design using saturated ontro.
More informationOptimization Model of Oil-Volume Marking with Tilted Oil Tank
Open Journal of Optimization 1 1 - ttp://.doi.org/1.36/ojop.1.1 Publised Online December 1 (ttp://www.scirp.org/journal/ojop) Optimization Model of Oil-olume Marking wit Tilted Oil Tank Wei Xie 1 Xiaojing
More informationDimensionless Analysis for Regenerator Design
Dimensionless Analysis for Regenerator Design Jinglei Si, Jon Pfotenauer, and Greg Nellis University of Wisonsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706 ABSTRACT Regenerative eat exangers represent a ruial omponent
More informationDetection of Shallow Underground Buried Object Using Air Vibration Probe
Aoustis 8 Paris Detetion of Sallow Underground Buried Objet Using Air Vibration Probe Yuji Sato a, Tomoiro Okamura b, Koii Mizutani a and Naoto Wakatsuki a a Tsukuba Univ., Tsukuba Siene City, 35-8573
More informationCalculation of Theoretical Torque and Displacement in an Internal Gear Pump
TECHNICAL REPORT Calculation of Teoretical Torque and Displacement in an Internal Gear Pump Y. INAGUMA Tis paper describes numerical determination of teoretical torque (ideal torque) and teoretical stroke
More informationGeometry Supplement for Math 60 Perimeter, Area, and Volume
Geomety Suppement fo Mat 60 Peimete, Aea, and Voume Geomety comes fom te Geek wods geo meaning eat and meton meaning measue. Today we wi ean about ow to measue cetain featues of two- and tee-dimensiona
More informationOrthogonal Tipping in Conventional Offshore Stability Evaluations
ABSTRACT Ortogonal Tipping in Conventional Offsore Stability Evaluations J. Andrew Breuer* Cief Engineer, Offsore Engineering Department, ABS Amerias Karl-Gustav Sjölund Consultant Researer, Seasafe AB,
More informationEVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE CONFIGURATIONS OF A WATER-OIL HEAT EXCHANGER SYSTEM
Tenologia/Tenology EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE ONFIGURATIONS OF A WATER-OIL HEAT EXHANGER SYSTEM A. L. V. Gonçalves a, and A. S. Franiso b Universidade Federal Fluense (UFF) Esola de Engenaria Industrial
More informationEffect of Twisted-tape Inserts on Heat Transfer in a Tube
Effect of Twisted-tae Inserts on Heat Transfer in a Tube Watcarin Nootong, Smit Eiamsa-ard and Pongjet Promvonge, * Deartment of Mecanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut s Institute
More informationOverall stability of multi-span portal sheds at right-angles to the portal spans
Overall stability of multi-span portal seds at rigt-angles to te portal spans SCI s Senior Manager for Standards, Carles M King, explains te approac for design of long-span portal seds. 1. Introduction
More informationSteady State Numerical Analysis of a Joule-Thompson Cryocooler for Cryosurgical Probe
Steady State Numerial Analysis of a Joule-Tompson Cryoooler for Cryosurgial Probe R. V. Topkar 1 and M.. Atrey 1 1 epartment of Meanial Engineering, Indian Institute of Tenology Bombay, Mumbai 400076 Te
More informationCONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE STRENGTH CALCULUS OF MILLING CUTTERS TEETH
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE STRENGTH CALCULUS OF MILLING CUTTERS TEETH 1 Eng. Catăin ROŞU, University of Craiova, Facuty of Mecanics, Deartment of Aied Mecanics and Civi Constructions, Caea Bucuresti
More informationApplications. 38 Looking for Pythagoras. Find the missing length(s).
Applications. A rigt triangle as legs of lengt inces and inces. a. Find te area of a square drawn on te ypotenuse of te triangle. b. Wat is te lengt of te ypotenuse?. Use te Pytagorean Teorem to find te
More informationSimultaneous Heat Integration and Batch Process Scheduling
A publiation of VOL. 29, 2012 CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGTRANSACTIONS Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Hon Loong Lam,Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyrigt 2012, AIDIC ServiziS.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-20-4; ISSN 1974-9791
More informationDumping on Free Trade, Optimal Antidumping Duties, and Price Undertakings: Welfare Implications in a Two-Market Equilibrium Analysis
Duming on Free Trade Otima Antiduming Duties and Price Undertakings: Wefare Imications in a Two-Market Equiibrium Anaysis by Yang-Ming Cang and Mian F Raza October 0 08 Abstract: For evauating duming according
More informationPhysics Engineering PC 1431 Experiment P2 Heat Engine. Section B: Brief Theory (condensed from Serway & Jewett)
Pysics Engineering PC 1431 Experiment P2 Heat Engine Section A: Introduction Te invention of steam engine played a very significant role in te Industrial Revolution from te late 1700s to early 1800s. Te
More information20.1 Heights and distances
20 Heigts an istances INTROUTION In tis capter, we will learn te practical use of trigonometry in our ay-to-ay life. We will see ow trigonometry is use for fining te eigts an istances of various objects,
More informationTo find the volume of a pyramid and of a cone
- Volumes of Pyramids and Cones Common Core State Standards G-GMD.A. Use volume formulas for... pyramids, cones... to solve problems. G-MG.A. Use geometric sapes, teir measures, and teir properties to
More informationRevision Topic 12: Area and Volume Area of simple shapes
Revision Topic : Area and Volume Area of simple sapes You need to learn ALL of te following area formulae: Rectangle Triangle W L b Area = lengt widt Area = base eigt = ½ b Parallelogram Trapezium a b
More informationPrediction of steel plate deformation due to triangle heating using the inherent strain method
J Mar Sci Tecnol (005) 10:11 16 DOI 10.1007/s00773-005-00-5 Prediction of steel plate deformation due to triangle eating using te inerent strain metod Cang Doo Jang 1, Tae Hoon Kim, Dae Eun Ko 3, Tomas
More informationMath Practice Use a Formula
9.4 Volumes of Prisms How can you find te volume of a prism? ACTIVITY: Pearls in a Treasure Cest Work wit a partner. A treasure cest is filled wit valuable pearls. Eac pearl is about centimeter in diameter
More informationOptimization Design of a Piezoelectric Actuator with Orthogonal Theory
Proceedings of te 5 t Internationa Conference of Contro, Dynamic Systems, and Robotics (CDSR'18) Niagara Fas, Canada June 7 9, 218 Paper No. 12 DOI: 1.11159/cdsr18.12 Optimization Design of a Piezoeectric
More informationEffects of the Spudcan Penetration on the Adjacent Foundations
8 Te Oen Oean Engineering Journal, 21,, 8-44 Effets of te Sudan Penetration on te Adjaent Foundations Yongren. Wu*, Xiaobing u and Xuui Zang Oen Aess Institutie of Meanis, Cinese Aademy of Sienes, Beijing,
More information16.1 Volume of Prisms and Cylinders
Name Class Date 16.1 Volume of Prisms and Cylinders Essential Question: How do te formulas for te volume of a prism and cylinder relate to area formulas tat you already know? Explore G.11.D Apply te formulas
More informationOD DVOSTRUKO ZASTAKLJENOG PROZORA DO DVOSTRUKE FASADE INDIKATORI PRENOSA TOPLOTE STACIONARNOG STANJA
OD DVOSTRUKO ZASTAKLJENOG PROZORA DO DVOSTRUKE FASADE INDIKATORI PRENOSA TOPLOTE STACIONARNOG STANJA FROM DOUBLE-GLAZED WINDOW TO DOUBLE-SKIN FACADE STEADY STATE HEAT TRANSFER INDICATORS Gabriel NĂSTASE
More informationGame Analysis on the Credit Model of Online Group Buying
ssociation for Information ystems I Eectronic Library IeL Eevent Wuan Internationa Conference on e- Business Wuan Internationa Conference on e-business 5-26-202 Game naysis on te Credit Mode of Onine Grou
More information青藜苑教育 Example : Find te area of te following trapezium. 7cm 4.5cm cm To find te area, you add te parallel sides 7
青藜苑教育 www.tetopedu.com 00-6895997 3095457 Area of simple sapes Revision Topic : Area and Volume You need to learn ALL of te following area formulae: Rectangle Triangle W L Area = lengt widt Area = b base
More informationANALYSIS OF WORK ROLL THERMAL BEHAVIOR FOR 1450MM HOT STRIP MILL WITH GENETIC ALGORITHM
Journal of Teoretical and Applied Information Tecnology 3 t September 2. Vol. 43 No.2 5-2 JATIT & LLS. All rigts reserved. ANALYSIS OF WORK ROLL THERMAL BEHAVIOR FOR 45MM HOT STRIP MILL WITH GENETIC ALGORITHM
More informationProgress Towards a Micromachined Heat Exchanger for a Cryosurgical Probe
Progress Towards a Miromained Heat Exanger for a Cryosurgial Probe D. W. Ho W. Zu G. F. Nellis S. D. Suetter S. A. Klein Y. B. Gianandani University of Wisonsin Madison Wisonsin USA University of Miigan
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF RHEOLOGICAL DEPENDENCIES OF OIL MATERIAL PROCESSED IN A SCREW PRESS
Internationa Journa of Mecanica Engineering and Tecnoog (IJMET) Voume 8, Issue 10, October 017,. 708 718, Artice ID: IJMET_08_10_077 Avaiabe onine at tt://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.as?jteijmet&vte8&ite10
More informationHomework 7. problems: 9.33, 9.40, 9.65, 9.78
Hoework 7 probe: 9., 9.4, 9.65, 9.78 Probe 9. A biiard ba ovin at 5. / trike a tationar ba of te ae a. After te coiion, te firt ba ove at 4. / and an ane of. wit repect to te oriina ine of otion. Auin
More informationBalanced Binary Trees
Balanced Binary Trees 1 Binary searc trees provide O(log N) searc times provided tat te nodes are distributed in a reasonably balanced manner. Unfortunately, tat is not always te case and performing a
More informationNumerical Simulation of Stresses in Thin-rimmed Spur Gears with Keyway B. Brůžek, E. Leidich
Numerical Simulation of Stresses in Tin-rimmed Spur Gears wit Keyway B. Brůžek, E. Leidic Tis paper contains an investigation of te key on a stress distribution in a tin-rimmed spur gear. A stress analysis
More information10 Fingers of Death: Algorithms for Combat Killing Roger Smith and Don Stoner Titan Corporation
10 Fingers of Deat: Algoritms for Combat Killing Roger Smit and Don Stoner Titan Cororation Good sooting games need good killing algoritms. Tis gem rovides a series of combat algoritms tat can be used
More informationA Sustainable Energy Harvesting Machine
Proeedings of te World Congress on Engineering 13 Vol III, WCE 13, July 3-5, 13, London, U.K. A Sustainable Energy Harvesting Maine Geoff Angel, George Haritos, Ian Campbell Abstrat tis paper introdues
More informationVALIDATION OF SEISMIC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CONCRETE FRAMES BASED ON MONTE CARLO SIMULATION AND FULL SCALE PSEUDODYNAMIC TESTS
13 t World Conferene on Eartquake Engineering Vanouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 24 Paper No. 2581 VALIDATION OF SEISMIC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CONCRETE FRAMES BASED ON MONTE CARLO SIMULATION AND FULL SCALE
More information234 The National Strategies Secondary Mathematics exemplification: Y7
234 Te National Strategies Secondary Matematics exemplification: Y7 Pupils sould learn to: Deduce and use formulae to calculate lengts, perimeters, areas and volumes in 2-D and 3-D sapes As outcomes, Year
More informationp x The revenue function is 5. What is the maximum vertical distance between the line
SETION 4.7 OTIMIZTION ROLEMS 331 and Ris called te revenue function. Te derivative R of te revenue function is called te marginal revenue function and is te rate of cange of revenue wit respect to te numer
More informationReflections on the drinking bowl 'Balance'
Supplement to Fun wit oueold object and centre of ma, originally publied in te German journal Pyik in unerer Zeit, 9-96 eflection on te drinking bowl Balance I te bowl made of maive tainle teel? No: ma
More informationPlanck + Einstein on -Day Fundamental Physical Constants in a Relativistic Perspective and The Design of a Black Hole Gun!
Plank + Einstein on -Day Fundamental Pysial Constants in a Relatiisti Pesetie and Te Design of a Blak Hole Gun! Esen Gaade Haug Nowegian Uniesity of Life Sienes Ma 7, 06 Abstat Tis ae sow ow we an maniulate
More informationEnergy Efficiency Retrofit of Two-Flow Heat Exchanger System
1513 A publiation of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 70, 2018 Guest Editors: Timoty G. Walmsley, Petar S. Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyrigt 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-67-9;
More informationDimitrios Krontsos Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Greece Thessaloniki 57400, Greece
Neural Network for Fault Detection and Isolation of te Tree-Tank System Panagiotis Tzionas Tecnological Educational Institute of Tessaloniki, Greece Tessaloniki 574, Greece tzionas@teite.gr Dimitrios Krontsos
More informationAnalysis of Elastic Lateral-Resistant Stiffness of Steel Plate Shear Wall
Analysis of Elasti Lateral-Resistant Stiffness of Steel Plate Sear Wall Tiejian LU, Zan Yao *, Silong Yang Sool of Civil Engineering Central Sout University Cangsa,Hunan,Cina Abstrat Te main funtion of
More informationGround Improvement Using Preloading with Prefabricated Vertical Drains
DISCUSSION of: Ground Improvement Using Preloading wit Prefabricated Vertical Drains Full Reference: Dar, A.S., Siddique, A., Ameen, S.F., (211). Ground Improvement using Pre-loading wit Prefabricated
More informationEECS 556, 2003, Noll Exam #1: 4
EECS 556 003 o Exa #: 4 3. Fite esig: a. Si tae te oute ouct *. b. Use δ [ δ ]'*[ δ ]. c. Hee we foow te fo of fequec saig escibe i sectio 4.3. of te text. We sae at te x 7 x7 ocatios a ivese DFT to get
More informationThe Vapor Compression Cycle in Aircraft Air-Conditioning Systems
FLECS_N_Vaor-Cycle Aircraft Design and Systems Grou (AERO Deartment of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering Hamburg University of Alied Sciences (HAW Berliner or 9 D - 20099 Hamburg e Vaor Comression
More informationStudy of microrelief influence on optical output coefficient of GaN-based LED
Study of microrelief influence on optical output coefficient of GaN-based LED Danilina T.I., Cistoyedova I.A. and Popov A.A. Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Lenina prospect
More informationFixation effects: do they exist in design problem solving?
Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 1993, volume 20, pages 333-345 Fixation effects: do tey exist in design problem solving? A T Purcell, P Williams, J S Gero, B Colbron Department of Arcitectural
More informationCalculation Methodology of Translucent Construction Elements in Buildings and Other Structures
MATEC Web of Conferences 96, 005 (08) ttps://doi.org/0.05/matecconf/0896005 XXVII R-S-P Seminar 08, Teoretical Foundation of Civil Engineering Calculation Metodology of Translucent Construction Elements
More information10. Consider the following problem: A box with an open top is to. 11. A farmer wants to fence an area of 1.5 million square feet in a
8 HTER 4 LITIONS OF DIFFERENTITION 4.7 EXERISES 1. onsider te following prolem: Find two numers wose sum is and wose product is a maximum. (a) Make a tale of values, like te following one, so tat te sum
More informationApplying Trigonometric Functions. ENTERTAINMENT The circus has arrived and the roustabouts must put
5-4 OJETIVE Use trigonometry to find te measures of te sides of rigt triangles. pplying Trigonometric Functions ENTERTINMENT Te circus as arrived and te roustabouts must put up te main tent in a field
More informationInfluence of the mass flow ratio water-air on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a cooling tower
International Journal of CemTec Researc CODEN (UA): IJCRGG, IN: 974-49, IN(Online):455-9555 Vol.11 No.1, pp 167-173, 18 Influence of te mass flow ratio water-air on te volumetric mass transfer coefficient
More informationVolumes of Pyramids. Essential Question How can you find the volume of a pyramid?
11.6 Volumes of Pyramids Essential Question How can you find te volume of a pyramid? Finding te Volume of a Pyramid Work wit a partner. Te pyramid and te prism ave te same eigt and te same square base.
More informationInstallation the DELTABEAM Frame
Tese installation instructions are intended to be used togeter wit te project s erection metod statement were te instructions may be complemented. If tere are differences between te erection metod statement
More informationSoil-structure interaction of seismically isolated bridge structure during very strong ground motion
IABSE-JSCE Joint Confeene on Advanes in Bide Enineein-III, Ast 1-, 15, Daa, Banlades ISBN: 978-984-33-9313-5 Ain, Oi, Biyan, Ueda eds wwwiabse-bdo Soil-stte inteation of seisially isolated bide stte din
More informationAluminium Composite Panel. A guide for fabricators and installers
Auminium Composite Pane A guide for fabricators and instaers Auminium Composite Pane Product Description Auminium Composite Panes consist of a poyetyene core faced wit premium quaity auminium seet on bot
More information30, 50, 60 and 70. Briquetting for wood and other waste materials N H M R E E M S E
30, 50, 60 and 70 N A Y ZUZ N H M R G IN AD M AU S N Briquetting for wood and other waste materias ZBP series briquettin presses are designed for briquetting wood shavings, saw dust and other waste. Through
More informationAnalysing the energy consumption of air handling units by Hungarian and international methods
Analysing te energy consumption of air andling units by Hungarian and international metods László Kajtár 1, Miklós Kassai 2,* 1,2 Budapest University of Tecnology and Economics (BUTE), Budapest, Hungary
More informationStudy of Steam Export Transients in a Combined Cycle Power Plant
Study of Steam Export Transients in a Combined Cycle ower lant Alfonso Junquera Delgado Departamento Mecánico, Empresarios Agrupados c\ Magallanes 3 Madrid 8003 ajd@empre.es Almudena Travesí de los Santos
More informationRed Green Black Trees: Extension to Red Black Trees
Red Green Black Trees: Extension to Red Black Trees Seyfeddine Zouana*, Djamel Eddine Zegour Laboratoire de la Communication dans les Systèmes Informatiques, Ecole nationale Supérieure d'informatique,
More informationCan a rise in income inequality improve welfare? *
Can a rise in income inequay imrove wefare? * Ricardo Nicoás Pérez Trugia γ Deartment of Economics niversidad de San Andrés Abstract Wie in omogenous societies income can ony buy tradiona goods e.g. food,
More information2 2D 2F. 1pc for each 20 m of wire. h (min. 45) h (min. 45) 3AC. see details J, E
TEXTILE AIR DIFFUSERS - - INSTRUCTIONS AIR FOR MOUNTING 1 1D 1F see details A, B, C 2 2D 2F see details A, B, C (min. 32) min. every 0 mm 1pc for eac 20 m of wire min. every 0 mm 1pc for eac 20 m of wire
More information30, 50, 60 and 70. Briquetting presses for the reduction volume and energy generation N H M R E E M S E
30, 50, 60 and 70 N A Y ZUZ N H M R G IN AD M AU S N Briquetting presses for the reduction voume and energy generation ZBP series briquetting presses are designed for briquetting wood, saw dust and a ot
More informationLászló Mester. The new physical-mechanical theory of granular materials
László Mester Te new pysical-mecanical teory of granular materials 9 - - Contents Introduction 3 Granular material as a distinct state of matter 4 Pysical properties of te granular material in relation
More informationAn experimental study on the design method of a real-sized Mobile Bridge for a moving vehicle
Mobile and Rapidly ssembled Structures I 93 n experimental study on te design metod of a real-sized Mobile ridge for a moving veicle Y. ikairo, I. rio, M. Nakazawa, S. Ono 3, J. olnicki-szulc 4, P. Pawlowski
More informationKøbenhavns Universitet. Addressing the Climate Problem Amundsen, Eirik S; Andersen, Peder; Mortensen, Jørgen Birk. Publication date: 2018
universit of oenagen Købenavns Universitet Addressing te Climate Problem Amundsen Eirik S; Andersen Peder; Mortensen Jørgen Birk Publiation date: 18 Doument Version Publisers PDF also known as Version
More informationThe responsibility for the contents of this CPB Discussion Paper remains with the author(s)
CPB Discussion Paper No 130 Wefare anaysis in transport networks Pau Besseing and Maarten van 't iet Te responsibiity for te contents of tis CPB Discussion Paper remains wit te autor(s) Association for
More informationEFFECT OF CELL SIZE OF A HONEYCOMB POROUS PLATE ATTACHED TO A HEATED SURFACE ON CHF IN SATURATED POOL BOILING
Proceedings of te International Heat Transfer Conference IHTC14 August 8-13, 1, Wasington, DC, USA Draft IHTC14-349 EFFECT OF CELL SIZE OF A HONEYCOMB POROUS PLATE ATTACHED TO A HEATED SURFACE ON CHF IN
More informationNon-contact Respiration Measurement Using Structured Light 3-D Sensor
SICE Annual Conference August -,, Akita Uniersity, Akita, Jaan Non-contact Resiration Measurement Using Structured Ligt -D Sensor Hirooki Aoki, Masaki Miyazaki, Hidetosi Nakamura, Ryo Furukawa, Ryusuke
More informationEssential Question How can you prove the Pythagorean Theorem?
9.1 Te Pytgoren Teorem Essentil Question How n you prove te Pytgoren Teorem? Proving te Pytgoren Teorem witout Words Work wit prtner.. Drw nd ut out rigt tringle wit legs nd, nd ypotenuse.. Mke tree opies
More informationHCR OF HEAT PUMP ROOM AIR CONDITIONER IN CHINA. Beijing , China
OF HEA PUMP ROOM AIR CONDIIONER IN CHINA Baolong Wang 1, Wenxing Si 1, uan Cen 1 1 Department of Building Sciencesingua University, Beijing 100084, Cina ABSRAC Definition of eating/cooling capacity ratio
More information4.2 Using Similar Shapes
LESSON 4.2 Using Similar Sapes Proportionalit 7.5. Generalize te critical attributes of similarit, including ratios witin and between similar sapes. ESSENTIL QUESTION How can ou use similar sapes to find
More informationNumerical and Experimental Investigations for Effect of Gravity to the Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Phenomena of Microchannel Heat Exchangers
antrung Dang Ngotan ran Jy-tong eng /International Journal Of Coputational Engineering Resear / ISSN: 50 3005 Nuerial and Experiental Investigations for Effet of Gravity to te Heat ransfer and Fluid Flow
More informationGoal: Measure the pump curve(s)
Pump Performance Tes;ng Goal: Measure te pump curve(s) Head versus flow rate: Efficiency versus flow rate: Maximum ead at = 0 Maximum flow rate at = 0 η η = 0 wen = 0 and = 0 Maximum efficiency Pump tes;ng
More information5.10. Area and Perimeter INSERT
5.10 Aea and Peimete INSERT A Peimete We egin tis section y eviewing te definition of a polygon, and te definition of peimete. Definition A polygon is a closed geometic figue, wit at least tee sides, in
More informationCONFIGURATION OF AN UNMANNED GROUND EFFECT VEHICLE
ICA 2000 CONGRE CONFIGURATION OF AN UNMANNED GROUND EFFECT VEHICLE M. Millar, L. mrek Department of Aerospae Engineering University of Glasgow Keywords: UAV, Ground Effet, Experimental Testing, Applied
More informationTotal surface area: the area of the lateral faces combined with the area of both bases
Capte 9: Measuement and te Metic System Section 9.: Volume and Suface Aea Total Suface Aea of a Cylinde and a Pism Lateal aea: te aea of te egions bounded by te lateal faces of a pism Total suface aea:
More informationVariance Estimation of the Design Effect
JSM 013 - Survey Researc Metods Section Variance Estimation of te Design Effect Alberto Padilla Banco de México Abstract Sample size determination is a crucial part of te planning process of a survey and
More information1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE
STERILE CONTAINER SYSTEMS BIO-BARRIER 1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE Aygün Bio-Barrier model sterilization container systems are designed wit mecanical valves
More informationTORQUE CONVERTER MODELLING FOR ACCELERATION SIMULATION
UNIVERSITY OF PITESTI SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN FACULTY OF MECHANICS AND TECHNOLOGY AUTOMOTIVE series, year XVII, no.1 ( 3 ) TORQUE CONVERTER MODELLING FOR ACCELERATION SIMULATION 1 Ciobotaru, Ticuşor *, 1 Vînturiş,
More information1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE
BIO-BARRIER 1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE Aygün Bio-Barrier model sterilization container systems are designed wit mecanical valves bot in bottom and lid
More informationIntegrated Mixing & Forming Systems
Bread Integrated Mixing & Forming Systems For high-voume production of tin bread, Baker Perkins range of integrated mixing and forming systems offers a combination of output, efficiency and product quaity
More informationGeorge Mason University SCHOOL of LAW
Geore Mason University SCHOOL of LAW Te Filterin Effet of Sarin Rules Giuseppe Dari Mattiai Gerrit De Geest 04-4 LAW AND ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER SERIES Tis paper an be downloaded witout are from te Soial
More informationPoint Pollution Sources Dimensioning
Point Pollution Sources Diensioning Georgeta CUCULEANU 1 ABSTRACT In tis paper a etod for deterining te ain pysical caracteristics of te point pollution sources is presented. It can be used to find te
More informationTHE BOILING OF THE REFRIGERANT R134a IN THE RECTANGULAR MICROCHANNELS OF THE CPU S COOLING SYSTEMS
TEHNOMUS - New Tenologies and Produts in Maine Manufaturing Tenologies THE BOIING OF THE REFRIGERANT R134a IN THE RECTANGUAR MICROCHANNES OF THE CPU S COOING SYSTEMS iliana PĂTUEANU 1, Tudor PĂTUEANU 1
More informationEssential Question How can you find the surface area and the volume of a cone? 3 in. π
11.7 Suface Aeas and Volumes of Cones Essential Question How can you find te suface aea and te volume of a cone? Finding te Suface Aea of a Cone Wok wit a patne. Constuct a cicle wit a adius of 3 inces.
More informationGas Flow into Rotary Valve Intake and Exhaust Mechanism in Internal Combustion Engine
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Tecnology Vol:7, No:4, 13 Gas Flow into Rotary Valve Intake and Exaust Mecanism in Internal Combustion Engine R. Usubamatov, Z. A. Rasid International Science
More informationManaging Measurement Uncertainty in Building Acoustics
Buildings 2015, 5, 1389-1413; doi: 10.3390/buildings5041389 Article OPEN ACCESS buildings ISSN 2075-5309 www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings/ Managing Measurement Uncertainty in Building Acoustics Ciara Scrosati
More informationBIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPOSITE PANEL WITH INTEGRATED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FOR THERMAL CONTROL
BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPOSITE PANEL WITH INTEGRATED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FOR THERMAL CONTROL A. D. Williams, M. E. Lyall, L. E. Underwood, and B. J. Arritt Air Force Researc Laboratory,
More informationBundling in Vertically Differentiated Communication Markets
unding in Verticy Differentited Communiction Mrkets Tierno Dio strct We ook t te cometition nd te wefre effects of unding in te context of verticy differentited communiction services Teevision, Teeone
More informationPICNICS AND PORCH SUPPERS
nknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknkn PICNICS AND PORCH SUPPERS A D Text By DIANA GOLD MURPHY Foreword By RACHEL NEWMAN HEARST BOOKS NEW YORK NEW YORK nknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknknkn
More informationCO-ROTATING FULLY INTERMESHING TWIN-SCREW COMPOUNDING: ADVANCEMENTS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY
CO-ROTATING FULLY INTERMESHING TWIN-SCREW COMPOUNDING: ADVANCEMENTS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY Paul G. Andersen, Coperion Corporation, Ramsey, NJ Frank Lecner, Coperion GmbH, Stuttgart,
More informationBy Helmut Quabeck, = distance of the aerodynamic centre of the elevator from the c.g.
135 Dr. Helut Quabek Finkeneg 39 6483 Babenausen Geran HQ-odellflugliteratur On te Longitudinal Stabilit of Gliders B Helut Quabek, bbreviations e 1, e, e 3 experiental sste of oordinates ord lengt ĉ ean
More informationSupporing Information. Modelling the Atomic Arrangement of Amorphous 2D Silica: Analysis
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. This journal is the Owner Societies 2018 Supporing Information Modelling the Atomic Arrangement of Amorphous 2D Silica:
More information2. The differential pressure across control valves must not vary too much
2. Te differential pressre across control valves mst not vary too mc Common roblems roblems, typical indicating tat condition nmber two is not met: - Continos oscillation of room temperatre. - Room temperatres
More informationDistributed rainfall runoff analysis in a flow regulated basin having multiple multi-purpose dams
Preitions in Ungauge Basins: Promise an Progress (Proeeings of symposium S7 el uring te Sevent IAHS Sientifi Assembly at Foz o Iguaçu, Brazil, April 2005). IAHS Publ. 303, 2006. 371 Distribute rainfall
More informationRussell James Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Taupo-ldairakei, New Zealand
MEASUREMENT OF STEAM-TJATER FLOWS FOR THE TOTAL FLOW TURBIlJE Russell James Department of Scientific and Industrial Researc Taupo-ldairakei, New Zealand Hot water geotermal fields discarge steam-water
More informationThe Violin Bow: Taper, Camber and Flexibility
Te Violin Bow: Taper, Camber and lexibility Colin Goug Scool of Pysics and Astronomy, University of Birmingam, B13 9SN,UK a) (Dated: 11/22/1) An analytic, small-deflection, simplified model of te modern
More informationEffects of water stress on vessel size and xylem hydraulic conductivity in Vitis vinifera L.
Journa of Experimenta Botany, Vo. 49, No. 321, pp. 693 700, Apri 1998 Effects of water stress on vesse size and xyem ydrauic conductivity in Vitis vinifera L. Caudio Lovisoo1,3 and Andrea Scubert2 1 Dipartimento
More informationIllinois Geometry Lab. Percolation Theory. Authors: Michelle Delcourt Kaiyue Hou Yang Song Zi Wang. Faculty Mentor: Kay Kirkpatrick
Illinois Geometry Lab Percolation Theory Authors: Michelle Delcourt Kaiyue Hou Yang Song Zi Wang Faculty Mentor: Kay Kirkpatrick December, 03 Classical percolation theory includes site and bond percolations
More information