PRICE WATCH May 2015 Prices June 30, 2015

PRICE WATCH May 2015 Prices June 30, 2015 KEY MESSAGES In West Africa, market availability was adequate in May, with supplies from recent 2014/15 harvests and international rice and wheat imports. Staple food prices were stable or declining, except in areas directly and indirectly affected by the conflict in northeastern Nigeria. The recent opening of borders among Ebola-affected countries contributed to improved trade flows in some areas, following disruptions over the second half of 2014. In East Africa, maize prices increased seasonally in surplus-producing Uganda and in Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya. Maize prices were stable or began decreasing in Tanzania with the onset of the May-to-August harvests. Sorghum prices were stable in Sudan and Somalia. Staple food prices were high and variable in the Greater Upper Nile States of South Sudan. Conflict and insecurity continued to disrupt markets in parts of South Sudan, Somalia, the Darfur and South Kordofan States in Sudan, and across Yemen. In Southern Africa, regional staple food availability increased in May as fresh supplies from recent harvests arrived onto markets across the region. Production during the 2014/15 production year is estimated to be below-average in the region s surplus-producing countries and at the regional level. Maize prices varied across the region, decreasing seasonally in Zambia and Mozambique, and varying considerably elsewhere. Staple food availability remained generally adequate to meet local needs throughout Central America and Haiti. However, market supplies were below-average across the region due to the effects of below-average harvests over the past year and high seed demand for planting. Maize, red bean, and black bean prices were seasonally stable in Central America while prices in varied in Haiti. Regionally-produced staple food prices were generally close to five-year average levels throughout Central America. In Central Asia, wheat availability remained good in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Prices remained stable in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan after increasing over the last quarter of 2014. International maize, rice, wheat, and soybean prices were stable and below their respective 2014 levels. Global markets are well-supplied global markets from record or nearrecord global production in 2014 and overall favorable prospects for 2015 crops. Crude oil prices increased again in May, but remained belowaverage. Figure 1. FEWS NET regional price indices and FAO Food Price Index, January 2010 May 2015 Sources: FAO and FEWS NET (FEWS NET) monitors trends in staple food prices in countries at risk of food insecurity. The Price Watch provides an update on market and price trends in selected reference markets. Specific trends for key reference markets and commodities are available in the Price Watch Annexes 1 and 2. FEWS NET gratefully acknowledges partner organizations, ministries of agriculture, national market information systems, the Regional Agricultural Intelligence Network, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP), and others for their assistance in providing price data. FEWS NET fewsnetmt@fews.net www.fews.net FEWS NET is a USAID-funded activity. The content of this report does not necessarily reflect the view of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government

PRICE WATCH June 2015 INTERNATIONAL MARKETS situation International rice prices were stable in May but below their 2014 levels. World production for 2014 was comparable to the previous year; good harvests in the United States (U.S.) and Asia offset lower production in South Asia where rainfall was late or insufficient. Global trade increased slightly between 2013 and 2014, driven mostly by growth in African import demand (InterRice). The Thai government announced in May that it currently has 16 million MT of rice stocks, of which only 5 million MT are good quality rice. The government plans to resume public tenders for 2 million MT of state reserves in June and July and sell the remainder of low quality rice for industrial use (USDA). Figure 2. Food commodity prices in selected international markets, January 2010 May 2015 Sources: FAO and World Bank World maize prices were stable in May and remained lower (by over 20 percent) than 2014 price levels (IGC and FAO). These price trends were driven by favorable crop prospects in key maize producing and exporting countries, especially the U.S., the European Union (E.U.), China, Ukraine, the Russian Federation, Canada, and Mexico (AMIS). World maize production estimates for 2014/15 remain comparable to 2013/14 levels (AMIS and IGC). International wheat prices were stable in May with ample supplies and favorable prospects for the 2015 global harvest. Global production estimates remain high and are expected to be the second highest on record. High exports from the E.U. offset reduced exports from Argentina, increasing global trade in May (USDA FAS). Global prices were well below their respective 2014 levels (IGC and AMIS). World soybean prices were stable in May and below 2014 levels (by over 20 percent) due to expected large supplies. Global supplies are very high with U.S. stocks more than four times greater than their respective 2013/14 levels. Production in South America is expected to break record levels, with a record crop expected in Brazil due to increased yield and area planted(amis). International crude oil prices continued to increase in May, marking the highest monthly average price of 2015 and up by 33 percent since January (U.S. Energy Information Administration and World Bank). Global crude oil prices declined steadily from June 2014 until January 2015 as result of ample global supplies from continued rapid expansion of unconventional oil production in North America and the reemergence of oil from suppliers such as Libya and Iraq and weakening global import demand. The decision of OPEC to allow markets determine the prices rather than artificially restricting supplies largely contributed to these trends. Last month s continued price recovery is due to higher global oil demand growth, prospects of supply drawbacks in the Middle East and North Africa, and possibly tightening US oil production (U.S. Energy Information Administration). Outlook Global rice production for 2015/2016 is projected to reach a new record but could change depending on the effect of El Nino on production in Asia (IGC). World demand is expected to rise to a new peak, which may cause stocks to decline for the first time since 2005 (AMIS and IGC). Global maize production is projected to be comparable to last year s record crop with improved prospects last month in China and Mexico (AMIS and IGC). Although global maize demand is projected to expand, large inventories in China, Argentina, Brazil, the E.U., and the U.S. indicate that world ending stocks will remain high (AMIS). World wheat production for 2015/16 is projected to be the second largest harvest on record, only slightly below the 2014/15 record level (IGC and USDA FAS). Trade is expected to decrease slightly with Russia s exports lower due to the new Famine Early Warning Systems Network 2

PRICE WATCH June 2015 wheat export duty, which started on February 1 and will last until June 30 in response to recent depreciation of the local currency and resulting increase in export demand and domestic prices increases (USDA FAS). Global stocks ending in 2015 are projected to reach their highest level in thirteen years, but consumption is also expected to rise (AMIS and IGC). The global soybean production forecast indicates record global production in 2014/15, with increases in outputs from Argentina and Brazil (AMIS). Global consumption is forecast to rise as well and world trade is projected to reach a new record level (AMIS and IGC). International crude oil prices are expected to remain stable over 2015, with the 2015 average price projected to be over 40 percent lower than that of 2014. However, fuel prices may increase in some importing countries due to the depreciation of the local currency vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar and changing local fuel price policies (U.S. Energy Information Administration and World Bank). Staple food price trends across the FEWS NET countries will vary considerably in the coming months in response to local and regional market conditions; international market trends will play a more limited role in most countries (Figure 1). Fuel price trends in FEWS NET countries will depend on both international market conditions, the evolution of local exchange rates in relation to the U.S. Dollar, and the design and implementation of local fuel import and price policies. Famine Early Warning Systems Network 3

PRICE WATCH June 2015 Situation WEST AFRICA In West Africa, regional markets were generally well-supplied in May with 2014/15 cereal harvests (maize, sorghum, and millet) and stable imports of rice and wheat from international markets. Carryover stocks from the 2013/14 marketing year and 2014/15 production were generally above average in the region s surplus-producing countries (Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, the Côte d Ivoire, Mali, and Burkina Faso), resulting in aboveaverage levels of exportable regional surpluses. Household demand on markets started increasing in April, with the onset of the lean season. Market demand is relatively lower than average due to the availability of above-average stocks, with the exception of the western part of the Sahel (Mauritania and Senegal). Trade flows within the region are generally taking place without any major disruptions and markets remain very well-supplied in the central marketing basin (Burkina Faso, Mali, Benin, and western Niger). The exception to these general trends are those areas directly and indirectly affected by the violence and conflict in the Lake Chad area emanating from north Eastern Nigeria and the Central African Republic (CAR). Market activities have ceased in parts of northeastern Nigeria, which has in turn affected local food availability and food availability in neighboring Diffa (Niger). Markets remain open and operational across most of the Ebolaaffected countries, with the exception of a few weekly rural markets in Sierra Leone. Although rice imports from international markets continue largely unhindered, market activities nevertheless remain at below-normal levels in many area. Outlook Figures 3. Millet prices in West Africa Figures 4. Rice prices in West Africa Sources: Information System on agricultural markets (SIMA) Niger, Agricultural Market Observatory (OMA) Mali, Burkina Faso SONAGESS, Information System market (SIM) in Senegal, the World Food Programme (WFP), and FEWSNET. Although the season has started later than usual in the Soudanienne zone of the region (notably northern Ghana, with extended periods of dryness), remaining stocks from the current marketing year coupled with imports are generally expected to be adequate to cover regional needs. Prices of regionally-produced grains are expected to increase gradually with the progression of the lean season. Market activities and supplies are expected to remain below-average in northeastern Nigeria and neighboring Lake Chad and in the CAR. The USD has appreciated in comparison to regional currencies in recent months. FEWS NET will continue to monitor the evolution of the value of the USD compared to regional currencies as well as international rice market trends to determine the extent to which this may affect regional rice imports, particularly for coastal Mauritania, Senegal, Liberia, and Nigeria. Famine Early Warning Systems Network 4

PRICE WATCH June 2015 Situation EAST AFRICA Regional availability and price trends varied across East Africa in May (Figure 5 and 6). In surplus-producing areas of Uganda and Tanzania, staple food prices followed their respective seasonal trends in May, increasing in Uganda with the progression of the local lean season and decreasing in the southern highlands of Tanzania. Upcoming and ongoing harvests in key production areas are expected to be average and below 2014 levels (a bumper year in both countries). Exportable surpluses of maize and dry beans, among others, are expected to continue supplying deficit areas of neighboring countries. The availability of substitute crops in both countries will help maintain prices at or below their respective average levels. In South Sudan, the parallel exchange rate fell sharply in April and May. Staple food prices increased sharply in May due to a combination of factors including high levels of trader uncertainty about the macroeconomic situation, fuel shortages, as well as the declining value of the local currency to procure goods on regional markets. The crisis in Yemen has severely affected local markets, resulting in steep staple food price increases in May. Although supplies are available in the port town of Al Hudaydah, those supplies are unable to circulate throughout the rest of the country due to insecurity along key national marketing corridors. In Ethiopia, the effects of two years of above-average Meher harvests on market supplies are expected to offset some effects of the recent below-average Belg season. Outlook *Denotes the parallel exchange rate in South Sudan Staple food prices are expected to continue following Source: WFP South Sudan, FEWS NET, IMF their respective seasonal trends in Uganda and Tanzania. The strategic grain of Tanzania reserve has neither sold off last year s supplies nor has it started purchasing for this year. Either activities will have limited impacts on local markets. Figure 5. Maize prices in surplus areas of East Africa Sources: Food and Agriculture Market Information System (FAMIS) FSTS/FEWS NET in Somalia, Uganda Bureau of Statistics and Farmgain, Tanzania Ministry of Industry, Trade and Marketing (MITM), Ethiopia Grain Trade Enterprise (EGTE), Ministry of Agriculture of Kenya, Arid Lands Resource Management Project (ALRMP), SIFSIA, WFP VAM and Save the Children. Figure 6. South Sudan Prices and Exchange Rate Staple food prices in South Sudan are expected to continue increasing faster than normal with the progression of the lean season due to the effects of high levels of uncertainty and high transport costs on grain marketing. Livestock exports from the Greater Horn of Africa to the Middle East often transit through Yemen before reaching their final destination. The situation is Yemen is not expected to affect livestock export-earnings in East Africa, as traders use alternative routes. Belg-dependent areas of the Ethiopia will rely on supplies from the western areas of the country for longer than usual in 2015. Famine Early Warning Systems Network 5

PRICE WATCH June 2015 Situation SOUTHERN AFRICA In Southern Africa, fresh supplies from early harvests began to reach markets and improve staple food availability in most countries between April and May. At the regional level, 2015 maize production is estimated to be below the five-year average production by more than ten percent and over 20 percent below last year s bumper harvest. Above-average carry-over stocks from the 2014 bumper harvest are expected to help offset the effects of the estimated below-average 2015 harvests. Total supply in South Africa, the maize import source for structurally-deficit countries of the region region, is estimated at over 15 percent below average levels. Total supply in Malawi and Zimbabwe are both estimated to be between 20 and 35 percent below average levels. Maize grain prices in May varied across the region and within some countries. Prices generally decreased seasonally in Zambia and Mozambique while in Malawi, Tanzania, South Africa, and Zimbabwe prices decreased or were stable in surplus-producing areas but continued increasing during the harvest period in some deficit areas. Maize prices were similar or higher (especially in Malawi and South Africa) than their respective 2014 levels with the exception of Zambia, where prices were similar or lower. Prices in all countries were above their respective five-year average levels. In Malawi, maize prices are currently double their -500 Les Mal Moz RSA Tan Zam Zim Total respective five-year average levels. These above -1,000 average prices are a result of very poor harvest 2015/16 5-yr_avg prospects for 2015 and lingering effects of inflation -1,500 since 2012 when the local currency was devalued. Sources: SADC, FEWS NET, and Government Ministries Informal maize imports into Malawi continued increasing by 18 percent between April and May, as traders imported grain from neighboring countries to avert staple food shortages in Malawi, but were 36 percent below five-year average volumes. The largest flows of maize during the month of May came from Mozambique to southern Malawi. In Zimbabwe, prices were generally higher than their respective 2014 levels due to anticipation of significantly reduced harvests in 2015 compared to last year. Formal maize exports from Zambia increased by 12 percent in April as compared to March, with 96 percent of the exports destined for Zimbabwe. Outlook Figure 7. White maize prices in Southern Africa Sources: Malawi Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation, and Water Development (MITM), Zambia Central Statistics Office, and SAFEX. Figure 8. Estimated maize surplus/shortfall volumes in Southern Africa (000s MT) 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Estimated exportable surpluses from South Africa, typically the region s largest producer and exporter, are expected to be negligible over the 2015/16 marketing year (less than 20% of average annual surpluses). Despite the presence of above-average exportable surpluses from Zambia and Tanzania, above-average demand for maize grain from these countries in East Africa and persistent strong demand from Central Africa (the DRC) will likely create competition for other import-dependent countries in the region that import from South Africa during normal years. This could create important supply disruptions in deficit areas (including Zimbabwe and southern Malawi) and result in atypical price increases as the marketing year progresses. Demand for Southern African maize from elsewhere in Sub-Saharan Africa and international markets will depend on its price competitiveness and its ability to meet quality standards. Famine Early Warning Systems Network 6

PRICE WATCH June 2015 Situation CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN In Central America, white maize, black bean, red bean, and rice prices generally followed seasonal trends and were stable between April and May. The availability and prices of imported rice and wheat flour remained stable in Haiti in May due the availability of international supplies and a relatively stable local currency. In Central America, staple food supplies are sufficient to meet needs but are below-average. Although the recent 2015 Postrera harvests were average, below-average 2014 Primera harvests, continues to have a lingering effect on markets. Guatemala is an exception and has average food supply levels a result of recent average production in Peten and the availability of imports from Mexico. Figure 9. White maize prices in Central America Figure 10. Black bean prices in Haiti Red bean markets are still recovering in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras and are now approaching respective five-year average levels and are either below or similar to 2014 prices as a result of the average Postrera harvest (El Salvador) and Apante harvests (Honduras and Nicaragua). Maize prices were similar to five-year average prices in Guatemala, and only slightly above five-year average prices in Honduras and El Salvador, while rice prices were below the five-year average in Guatemala and similar to the five-year average in Honduras and El Salvador. In Haiti, domestic supplies of locally-produced maize and black beans are below-average, resulting in variable price trends. Bean prices in the northern areas of the country increased sharply in recent months due to reduced local availability and reduced imports from neighboring Dominican Republic, where production was affected by unfavorable growing conditions in key border areas. Outlook Sources: Coordination nationale de la sécurité alimentaire (CNSA) and FEWS NET, MAL, Dirección General de Economía Agropecuaria (DGECA), Sistema de Información de Mercados Productos Agrícolas de Honduras (SIMPAH), Secretaria de Economia de Mexico, and Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganaderia y Alimentacion de Guatemala (MAGA). In Central America, imported rice prices are expected to remain stable while maize, red bean, and black beans prices are expected to begin a seasonal increase starting in June. dryness across the region may affect planting for the Primera season, which is the main maize harvest. In Haiti, international imports and prices of rice and wheat are expected to remain stable in the coming months. Harvests from the current spring growing season are expected to be up to 50 percent below average. Locally produced maize grain, flour, and black bean prices will likely continue increasing in the short term, but may stabilize temporarily during the immediate post-harvest period. Famine Early Warning Systems Network 7

PRICE WATCH June 2015 Situation CENTRAL ASIA Regional availability and price trends varied considerably across Central Asia over the 2014/15 marketing year and in May (Figure 11 and 12, Table 1). Wheat grain export prices in Kazakhstan, the region s largest exporter, were stable between April and May of 2015 and were similar to respective 2014 levels but were ten percent higher than the five-year average. In Tajikistan potatoes prices decreased significantly in May after regional potato imports, mostly from Pakistan, entered into local markets. The price of wheat flour (mostly imported from regional markets) were stable in May, but at their highest levels since 2006. Contributing factors were lower domestic wheat production in 2014, high priced imported wheat from Kazakhstan, and the depreciation of the local currency (TJS) by over 20 percent compared to the USD and KZT in the past year. In Pakistan, another regional exporter, wheat grain and flour prices were either on par with or below their respective 2014 levels with the conclusion of recent above-average harvests. In Afghanistan, both wheat grain and flour prices were stable or began decreasing between April and May, with the onset of the 2015 harvests, particularly in lower-elevation areas. Although the Afghani (AFN) has depreciated vis-à-vis the USD, diesel prices are 25 to 32 percent below their respective 2014 levels. Outlook Regional availability and prices are expected to continue varying in Central Asia over the 2015/16 marketing year. Figures 11. Wheat grain prices in Central Asia Figures 12. Wheat flour prices in Central Asia Sources: World Food Programme and APK Inform Agency, Kazakhstan Table 1. Regional wheat availability and price trends Area planted with wheat and production levels in Country Status Local availability 2015 Prices Kazakhstan are expected to be slightly below their Kazakhstan Exporter Below-average Above-average respective 2014 and five-year average levels Pakistan Exporter Above-average Above-average (FAS/Astana). Over the past six years, the government has supported a national agricultural diversification strategy, Tajikistan Importer Average Record high including reducing area planted with wheat to focus on Afghanistan Importer Above-average Above-average other grains and oilseeds. Despite this, export volumes are expected to remain close to six MMT over the 2015/16 Source: FEWS NET estimates marketing year. In Afghanistan, a recent joint WFP, FAO, and FEWS NET assessment found that local harvests will be above their respective 2014 and five-year average levels. Prices will decline during the post-harvest period. Wheat flour prices in Tajikistan are likely to remain at their currently levels until local harvests arrive onto markets in July. Local production and regional imports will determine domestic wheat availability over the 2015/16 marketing year. The Tajikistan government has imposed tough exchange rate regulations since the first quarter of 2015 in an effort to stabilize the TJS. This may contribute to stabilizing the costs of regional imports. The recently concluded wheat harvests in Pakistan reached record levels for a second year in a row (SUPARCO). As a result of this and the availability of large carryover stocks, concerns have been raised about this year s producer support price policy, which could limit the extent to which prices decline on markets during the post-harvest period. The Government has likewise begun negotiating exports to Indonesia and Bangladesh. Famine Early Warning Systems Network 8

PRICE WATCH ANNEX 1 May 2015 Prices 30 June, 2015 Central America and Caribbean San Jose Dry Beans (Black) (W) San Salvador Rice (10% Broken) Costa Rica USD 1.93-1 16 - - El Salvador USD 1.06 2-4 -3 $1.93 $1.06 Dry Beans (Red) (W) Santa Ana Dry Beans (Seda Red) (W) USD 2.88-2 43 - - El Salvador USD 1.55-1 6 - - $2.88 $1.55 (W) (W) USD 0.70 0 9 - - USD 0.47-1 42 21 $0.70 $0.47 Refined sugar (W) San Vicente Dry Beans (Seda Red) (W) USD 1.11-2 1 - - El Salvador USD 1.67-2 12 - - $1.11 $1.67 Ahuachapán Dry Beans (Seda Red) (W) (W) El Salvador USD 1.55-3 6 - - USD 0.43-1 32 15 $1.55 $0.43 (W) Usulután Dry Beans (Seda Red) (W) USD 0.45 1 41 - - El Salvador USD 1.68-6 8 - - $0.45 $1.68 La Unión Dry Beans (Seda Red) (W) (W) El Salvador USD 1.92-1 14 - - USD 0.45 $1.92 $0.45 (W) Chiquimula Dry Beans (Black) USD 0.49 10 34 - - (Eastern) GTQ 9.11 $0.49 Guatemala $1.20 San Miguel Dry Beans (Red) (W) El Salvador USD 1.53-6 4 16 GTQ 3.11 $1.53 $0.41 Dry Beans (Seda Red) (W) Rice (10% Broken) USD 1.70-4 12 - - GTQ 11.16 1 1 7 $1.70 $1.48 (W) Guatemala City Diesel USD 0.47 0 40 19 Guatemala GTQ 5.63 7-30 -28 $0.47 $0.74 San Salvador Dry Beans (Red) Dry Beans (Black) El Salvador USD 1.74 1 13 11 GTQ 10.47 0 0-4 $1.74 $1.39 Dry Beans (Seda Red) Gasoline USD 1.94 2 9 11 GTQ 6.49 6-25 -25 $1.94 $0.86 USD 0.53 0 26 5 GTQ 3.42 0-2 -7 $0.53 $0.45 Refined sugar Maize (Yellow) USD 0.93 0 5 6 GTQ 3.90 2-9 -8 $0.93 $0.52 Central America and Caribbean -4 29 - - -5-7 -7-1 1-3 (FEWS NET) monitors trends in staple food prices in countries vulnerable to food insecurity. The Price Watch Annex 1 provides prices and price changes for key markets and staple foods monitored across FEWS NET countries and regions. The prices are final monthly average prices for May 2015. The commodities include staples most often consumed by the poor. Additional commodities provided are important commodities consumed in the same areas or fuel prices that affect food prices. Final monthly average prices are used. The symbols () depict the direction of price changes: the red upward-facing arrow denotes an increase of five percent or greater, The blue horizontal arrow denotes no change or changes that are smaller than 5 percent, and the green downward-facing arrow denotes price decreases that are five percent or greater. The three arrows respectively correspond to the percent change in prices this month compared to last month, last year, and the five-year average. The - symbol indicates that data are not available. The commodities with a reference (W) are wholesale prices. Otherwise, all reported prices are retail. FEWS NET fewsnetmt@fews.net www.fews.net FEWS NET is a USAID-funded activity. The content of this report does not necessarily reflect the view of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government.

PRICE WATCH ANNEX 30 June, 2015 Central America and Caribbean Huehuetenango Dry Beans (Black) Jacmel Dry Beans (Black) (Western) GTQ 10.47-2 -3-9 Haiti HTG 100.13 3 49 38 Guatemala $1.39 $2.15 Maize Meal GTQ 2.76-2 -4-13 HTG 31.23 6-1 1 $0.36 $0.67 Rice (10% Broken) Refined sugar GTQ 10.91 0 4 - - HTG 58.79 0 7-13 $1.44 $1.26 Peten La Dry Beans (Black) Terminal (North) GTQ 11.02 5 0 3 HTG 79.25 0-12 -6 Guatemala $1.46 $1.70 Rice (4% Broken) GTQ 2.43-6 -13-19 HTG 53.28-3 -3 4 $0.32 $1.14 Rice (10% Broken) Wheat Flour GTQ 11.02 0 5 - - HTG 44.09 0 0-3 $1.46 $0.95 Cap Haitien Dry Beans (Black) Jeremie Dry Beans (Black) Haiti HTG 128.60 17 40 51 Haiti HTG 88.19-8 57 36 $2.76 $1.89 Maize Meal Maize Meal HTG 36.74 11 5-11 HTG 29.40-33 33 20 Refined sugar $0.79 $0.63 Refined sugar HTG 49.60-10 -10-19 HTG 62.46 0 $1.06 $1.34 HTG 79.25-14 -14-10 HTG 92.79-2 -6 6 $1.70 $1.99 Rice (4% Broken) Rice (4% Broken) HTG 45.19-7 -7-6 HTG 52.54 2 2 1 $0.97 $1.13 Hinche Dry Beans (Black) Wheat Flour Haiti HTG 112.53 19 75 54 HTG 29.40-11 0-8 $2.41 $0.63 Maize Meal Port-au-Prince Dry Beans (Black) HTG 31.23 6 21 18 Haiti HTG 91.86 0 39 36 $0.67 $1.97 Refined sugar Maize Meal HTG 73.49 0 0 3 HTG 25.72 0 17-3 $1.58 $0.55 Refined sugar HTG 79.25 0-8 -7 HTG 55.12 0 3-5 $1.70 $1.18 Rice (4% Broken) HTG 51.44 0 0-1 HTG 79.25 0-8 0 $1.10 $1.70 Wheat Flour Rice (4% Broken) HTG 36.74 8 25 15 HTG 45.93 0 0 6 $0.79 $0.98 Central America and Caribbean 0-16 10

Port-au-Prince Wheat Flour Faizabad Rice (Low Grade) Haiti HTG 36.74 0 5 20 Afghanistan AFN 48.00 0-4 0 $0.79 $0.83 Choluteca Dry Beans (Red) (W) Wheat Flour (Low Honduras HNL 31.00 7-18 29 AFN 25.75-1 -7 4 $1.44 $0.45 (W) HNL 8.86 3 31 18 AFN 24.75-1 -3 19 $0.41 $0.43 Comayagua Dry Beans (Red) (W) Hirat Diesel Honduras HNL 26.73 13-24 24 Afghanistan AFN 39.75-1 -31 $1.24 $0.69-25 Central America and Caribbean (W) HNL 8.57-2 - - - - AFN 65.68 $0.40 $1.14 Siguatepeque Dry Beans (Red) (W) Rice (Low Grade) Honduras HNL 28.48 5-19 33 AFN 25.70 $1.32 $0.44 (W) Wheat Flour (Low HNL 8.38-5 - - - - AFN 26.00 $0.39 $0.45 Tegucigalpa Dry Beans (Red) Honduras HNL 34.29 2-8 29 AFN 18.60 $1.59 $0.32 Jalalabad Rice (Low Grade) HNL 9.48-1 34 22 Afghanistan AFN 29.50 Rice (4% Broken) $0.44 $0.51 Wheat Flour (Low HNL 19.96-1 1-3 AFN 22.50 $0.93 $0.39 Mexico City Dry Beans (Black) (W) Mexico MXN 13.50 0 11-4 AFN 22.00 $0.88 $0.38 Dry Beans (Red) (W) Kabul Diesel MXN 21.00 17 56 37 Afghanistan AFN 42.00 $1.38 $0.73 Eggs (Fresh, White) (W) MXN 20.75-27 -19 11 AFN 8 $1.36 $1.38 (W) Rice (Low Grade) MXN 4.80 0-4 -8 AFN 49.00 $0.31 $0.85 Refined sugar (W) Wheat Flour (Low MXN 7.62 0 3-17 AFN 22.50 $ $0.39 (W) MXN 19.31-8 0-1 AFN 2 $1.27 $0.35 Rice (10% Broken) (W) Kandahar Rice (Low Grade) MXN 13.25 0-2 3 Afghanistan AFN 21.93 $0.87 $0.38 Central Asia 1-12 -8 4-10 -4 1-6 19-3 -18 15 2-38 -22-3 -2 11 0 7 25 0-31 -25 0-1 2 0-2 35 2-15 4 0-29 -2 1-15 -30 11

Kandahar Wheat Flour (Low Quality) Lahore Rice (Long Grain, IRRI-6) Afghanistan AFN 22.78-3 -13 8 Pakistan PKR 64.57 $0.39 $0.64 Wheat Flour AFN 24.08-5 -18 12 PKR 36.98 $0.42 $0.37 Maimana Rice (Low Grade) Afghanistan AFN 4 0 0 3 PKR 32.66 $0.69 $0.32 0 2 23-4 -2 17-5 0 20 Wheat Flour (Low Quality) Multan Rice (Long Grain, Basmati) AFN 26.75 0 2 19 Pakistan PKR 7-1 -10 8 $0.46 $0.69 Rice (Long Grain, IRRI-6) AFN 23.25-3 1 25 PKR 37.00 1-10 -5 $0.40 $0.37 Mazar-e-Sharif Diesel Wheat Flour Afghanistan AFN 42.00-2 -30-23 PKR 35.88-2 0 17 $0.73 $0.35 AFN 78.00 0 1 6 PKR 31.00-1 0 19 $1.35 $0.31 Rice (Low Grade) Peshawar Rice (Long Grain, Basmati) AFN 36.00 0-14 -1 Pakistan PKR 68.33 0-13 3 $0.62 $0.68 Central Asia Wheat Flour (Low Quality) Rice (Long Grain, IRRI-6) AFN 22.50-2 -2 16 PKR 42.50 0 $0.39 $0.42 Central Asia -12-9 Wheat Flour AFN 21.50-2 0 23 PKR 36.96-1 -4 16 $0.37 $0.37 Nili Rice (Low Grade) Afghanistan AFN 6 0-12 11 PKR 33.50-4 -7 14 $1.04 $0.33 Wheat Flour (Low Quality) Quetta Rice (Long Grain, IRRI-6) AFN 34.00 0-4 11 Pakistan PKR 48.00 4 7 22 $0.59 $0.47 Wheat Flour AFN 29.00 0-13 12 PKR 41.00 0-8 20 $ $0.41 Karachi Rice (Long Grain, Basmati) National Potatoes Pakistan PKR 73.08-2 -5 19 Average TJS 1.98-15 -50-14 $0.72 Tajikistan $0.32 Rice (Long Grain, IRRI-6) Wheat Flour (First Grade) PKR 50.08-3 -19 4 TJS 3.40 1 $ $0.54 Wheat Flour PKR 40.31 $0.40 PKR 35.00 $0.35-1 0-9 -2 12 16 25 41 12

Addis Ababa (W) Mekele Mixed Teff Ethiopia ETB 4.34 - -15-2 - Ethiopia ETB 10.97-11 -25-5 $0.21 $0.54 (W) Sorghum (Yellow) (W) ETB 9.99-9 39 - ETB 5.50 - -33-18 - $0.49 $0.27 Mixed Teff (W) ETB 14.33-2 -1 24 ETB 9.19-1 18 - $0.71 $0.45 Bahir Dar (W) Nekemte (W) Ethiopia ETB 4.10 - -23-8 - Ethiopia ETB 4.05 - -16 $0.20 $0.20 4 - Mixed Teff Sodo ETB 12.26 0-2 14 Ethiopia ETB 5.00 $0.60 $0.25 - -6 0 - Bure (W) Ethiopia ETB 3.71 - -28 - - - ETB 11.00 $0.18 $0.54 (W) Yabelo - 29 52 - East Africa ETB 8.12-4 - - - Ethiopia ETB 1 $0.40 $0.52 Dire Dawa Eldoret Dry Beans (Rosecoco) (W) Ethiopia ETB 7.20 7-4 15 Kenya KES 75.00 $0.35 $0.79 Sorghum (Yellow) (W) ETB 8.50 0-23 -3 KES 28.22 $0.42 $0.30 (W) Kisumu Dry Beans (Rosecoco) (W) ETB 10.75-16 - - - Kenya KES 85.89 $0.53 $0.91 Mixed Teff (W) ETB 14.16-1 2 24 KES 34.67 $0.70 $0.37 Gode Sorghum (Red) (W) Ethiopia ETB 7.00 - -30 1 - KES 4 $0.34 $0.42 Sorghum (Yellow) Mombasa Dry Beans (Rosecoco) (W) ETB 14.00-0 - - - Kenya KES 93.00 $0.69 $0.98 Jijiga (W) Ethiopia ETB 1-5 63 - KES 35.31 $0.52 $0.37 Sorghum (Yellow) Sorghum (Red) (W) ETB 1-0 60 - KES 39.94 $0.49 $0.42 Nairobi Dry Beans (Rosecoco) (W) ETB 11.00-10 61 - Kenya KES 81.89 $0.54 $0.87 Mekele (W) (W) Ethiopia ETB 4.47 - -20-11 - KES 33.33 $0.22 $0.35 East Africa 5 5 27-3 -21-13 11-18 -10 2-1 11-6 -17-7 0 0 1 21 33 41 10 2 11 14 0 11 8 8 19 10-3 0 13

Nairobi Sorghum (Red) (W) Burao Sorghum (Red) Kenya KES 40.89-8 -8 1 Somalia SLS 300 0 0 2 $0.43 $0.41 Baidoa Diesel Dhusamareb Diesel Somalia SOS 2100 0-13 -25 Somalia SOS 2000 0-22 -37 $0.93 $0.89 Gasoline Gasoline SOS 2200 0-1 -14 SOS 2200 0 10-19 $0.98 $0.98 SOS 8233.00 0-11 -5 SOS 5500 0 0 $0.37 $2.44-8 Sorghum (Red) SOS 2550 2-12 -35 SOS 1400 0-13 -20 $1.13 $0.62 Rice (Parboiled) El Dhere Cowpeas (Red) SOS 1400-5 0-19 Somalia SOS 1125 $0.62 $ -18 41-38 Sorghum (Red) Galkayo Cowpeas (Red) SOS 535-3 -8-16 Somalia SOS 2400 0 20-16 $0.24 $1.07 Beled Hawa Sorghum (Red) Rice (Parboiled) Somalia SOS 1100-15 -15 - - SOS 1600 $0.49 $0.71 0 0-23 East Africa Beled Weyn Sorghum (Red) Sorghum (Red) Somalia SOS 600-14 -45 - - SOS 800 $0.27 $0.36 East Africa -20-43 -38 Bossaso Rice (Parboiled) Garowe Rice (Parboiled) Somalia SOS 1400 0 0-24 Somalia SOS 1500 $0.62 $0.67 0 0-22 Buale Cowpeas (Red) Hargeisa Rice (Parboiled) Somalia SOS 3000-17 30 11 Somalia SLS 500 0 11 13 $1.33 $0.69 Lugh SOS 830 4 13-19 Somalia SOS 1300 $0.37 $0.58 30 0 18 Burao Diesel Sorghum (Red) Somalia SLS 600-8 -8-8 SOS 1000 $0.83 $0.44 Gasoline Merka Cowpeas (Red) 43 11 - - SLS 695-1 -1 6 Somalia SOS 2350 $0.96 $1.04 0 26 8 Mogadishu Cowpeas (Red) SLS 400 0 0 7 Somalia SOS 1860 $0.55 $0.83 Diesel SLS 1200 0 0 3 SOS 1600 $1.66 $0.71 Rice (Parboiled) Gasoline SLS 500 0 0 10 SOS 2100 $0.69 $0.93-11 28-9 -11-20 -42 0 0-22 14

Mogadishu Juba Wheat Flour Somalia SOS 1060 0 18 9 South Sudan SSP 20.25 103 238 258 $0.47 $6.53 Malakal Sorghum (White) SOS 2375 2 8-31 South Sudan SSP 6.43 15 - $1.06 $2.07 - - - Rice (Parboiled) Wheat Flour SOS 1225-2 -6-31 SSP 22.25 75 - - - - $0.54 $7.18 Sorghum (Red) Wau Groundnuts (Shelled) SOS 930 16 55 20 South Sudan SSP 12.75 6 113 $0.41 $4.11 16 Qorioley Diesel Sorghum (White) Somalia SOS 2200 16 - - - - SSP 7.86 16 96 114 $0.98 $2.53 Gasoline Wheat Flour SOS 2500 14 - - - - SSP 11.00 $1.11 $3.55 10 120 108 Ad-Damazin Millet SOS 7375.00 7-18 -17 Sudan SDG 5.83 0 35 177 $0.33 $0.98 Sorghum (Feterita) SOS 2400-31 -40-37 SDG 2.91 $1.07 $0.49 0-42 -13 East Africa Rice (Parboiled) SOS 1500 2-26 -16 SDG 6.67 $0.67 $1.12 East Africa 22 6 - - Sorghum (Red) Al Qadarif Millet SOS 6406.00-7 -1-19 Sudan SDG 4.46 $0.28 $0.75-7 -15 - - Togwajale Sorghum (White) Sorghum (Feterita) Somalia SLS 310 3 0 19 SDG 2.44 $0.43 $0.41 0-52 - - Aweil Groundnuts (Shelled) South Sudan SSP 15.00 30 150 84 SDG 7.17 $4.84 $1.21-4 5 - - Dongola Millet SSP 5.50 0 175 117 Sudan SDG 6.60 $1.77 $1.11 0 4 - - Sorghum (White) Sorghum (Feterita) SSP 8.36 33 144 153 SDG 4.20 $2.70 $0.71 Bor Sorghum (White) South Sudan SSP 8.79 54 - - - - SDG 5.80 $2.83 $0.98 Juba El Fasher Millet South Sudan SSP 5.14 31 80 108 Sudan SDG 5.05 $1.66 $0.85 Sorghum (White) Sorghum (Feterita) SSP 6.21 12 81 88 SDG 4.48 $2.00 $0.76-16 6 59 0 84 215 0 20 - - 16-26 28 15

East Africa El Fasher Arusha Dry Beans (Mixed) (W) Sudan SDG 5.80 4 61 - - Tanzania, United TZS 1718.75 9 29 50 $0.98 Republic of $0.86 El Obeid Millet (W) Sudan SDG 4.80 0-6 - - TZS 525.63-1 -3 9 $0.81 $0.26 Sorghum (Feterita) Milled rice (W) SDG 3.22 0-28 - - TZS 175 10 30 28 $0.54 $0.88 Dar es Salaam Dry Beans (Mixed) (W) SDG 5.81 4-6 - - Tanzania, United TZS 1883.33-12 52 - $0.98 Republic of $0.94 Geneina Millet (W) Sudan SDG 3.20 0-35 15 TZS 513.33 - -14-2 - $0.54 $0.26 Sorghum (Feterita) Milled rice (W) SDG 2.70 0-33 23 TZS 1783.33-26 32 - $0.46 $0.89 Kadugli Millet Dodoma Dry Beans (Mixed) (W) Sudan SDG 5.00 0 9 - - Tanzania, United TZS 1708.33 1 22 32 $0.84 Republic of $0.85 Sorghum (Feterita) (W) SDG 3.30 43-53 - - TZS 575.83 12-1 6 $0.56 $0.29 Milled rice (W) SDG 4.00 0-26 - - TZS 1793.75 $0.67 $0.90 East Africa 4 27 14 Nyala Millet Iringa (W) Sudan SDG 4.66-3 -28 - - Tanzania, United TZS 382.08 $0.79 Republic of $0.19 Sorghum (Feterita) Milled rice (W) SDG 2.66 3-26 - - TZS 165 $0.45 $0.83 Kigoma Dry Beans (Mixed) (W) SDG 6.00 29 55 188 Tanzania, United TZS 1577.08 $1.01 Republic of $0.79 Om Durman Millet (W) Sudan SDG 7.00 0 94 221 TZS 436.33 $1.18 $0.22 Sorghum (Feterita) Milled rice (W) SDG 4.00 0 9 90 TZS 1522.92 $0.67 $0.76 Mbeya Dry Beans (Mixed) (W) SDG 6.00 0 59 209 Tanzania, United TZS 1225.00 $1.01 Republic of $0.61 Port Sudan Millet (W) Sudan SDG 5.00 0 142 204 TZS 446.67 $0.84 $0.22 Sorghum (Feterita) Milled rice (W) SDG 3.00 0-55 - - TZS 1367.92 $0.51 $0.68-7 -4-6 2 23 13 7 1 - - 0-10 - - -7 19 - - 0-11 10 12 9 8-11 -1 8 16

Mtwara Soroti Millet (Finger) Tanzania, United Republic of TZS 438.33 2-6 10 Uganda UGX 160 $0.22 $0.54 14-9 -3 Mwanza Milled rice Aden Wheat Flour Tanzania, United Republic of TZS 160-8 19 36 Yemen YER 25 $0.80 $1.17-79 76 - Songea Dry Beans (Mixed) Al Hudaydah Wheat Flour Tanzania, United TZS 993.75-13 -22 23 Yemen YER 183.00 Republic of $ $0.85 Amran Wheat Flour - 26 31 - TZS 345.83-7 10 27 Yemen YER 162.00 $0.17 $0.75-16 - - - Tanga Milled rice Hajja Wheat Flour Tanzania, United TZS 1629.17 6 29 23 Yemen YER 18 Republic of $0.81 $0.84-20 - - - Arua Cassava Chips Sa'ada Wheat Flour Uganda UGX 85 1-13 11 Yemen YER 218.00 $0.29 $1.02-45 57 - Gulu Dry Beans (K124/Nabe 4) Sana'a Wheat Flour Uganda UGX 3133.33 10 35 49 Yemen YER 173.00-24 23 - $1.07 $0.81 Kampala Uganda Cooking bananas UGX 1035.00 $0.35-6 -5 24 East Africa Dry Beans (Mixed) USD 1.14 $1.14 20 47 43 East Africa UGX 145 8 4 30 $0.49 Sorghum (Red) USD 0.19-53 -39-29 $0.19 Lira Dry Beans (K124/Nabe 4) Uganda UGX 300 14 39 45 $1.02 Masindi Uganda Mbarara Uganda Dry Beans (Mixed) USD 1.01 $1.01 USD 0.25 $0.25 Sorghum (Red) USD 0.34 $0.34 Cooking bananas UGX 1021.50 $0.35 10 25 - - 4-20 - - 0-41 - - 1 3 32 Mbarara Dry Beans (K124/Nabe 4) Uganda UGX 380 27 47 64 $1.29 17

Karonga Cassava Salima Milled rice Malawi MWK 167.50 18 94 - - Malawi MWK 403.84 $0.39 $0.93 Chókwe Cowpeas (Mixed) -2-2 49 MWK 83.04-15 8 - - Mozambique MZN 35.95 34 7 0 $0.19 $1.02 Milled rice MWK 428.45-12 34 84 MZN 11.93-20 29 - - $0.99 $0.34 Lilongwe Cassava Rice (5% Broken) Malawi MWK 15 0 - - - - MZN 3 $0.35 $0.85 Gorongosa Cowpeas (Mixed) 0 0 - - MWK 16 23 62 157 Mozambique MZN 32.79-1 -13 11 $0.37 $0.93 Milled rice MWK 45 0-3 50 MZN 6.53-5 11-6 $1.04 $0.18 Lunzu Cassava Maputo Cowpeas (Mixed) Malawi MWK 125.97 8 113 - - Mozambique MZN 21.65-6 6-2 $0.29 $0.61 Diesel MWK 122.79 1 55 129 MZN 36.81 0 0 6 $0.28 $1.04 Southern Africa Milled rice Maize Meal MWK 399.36-3 -17 39 MZN 3 0 $0.92 $0.85 Mitundu Southern Africa 7 11 Malawi MWK 82.19-30 -17 39 MZN 12.59-4 -1-1 $0.19 $0.36 Milled rice MWK 450.17-2 13 59 MZN 53.75 4-10 -6 $1.04 $1.52 Mzuzu Cassava Rice (5% Broken) Malawi MWK 160.45-26 - - - - MZN 25.63 1 3 3 $0.37 $0.72 Maxixe Cowpeas (Mixed) MWK 120.85-11 - - - - Mozambique MZN 26.69 $0.28 $0.75 22 99 17 Milled rice MWK 605.10-2 94 119 MZN 10.20-3 17 18 $1.39 $0.29 Nsanje Rice (5% Broken) Malawi MWK 10-2 6 71 MZN 27.00 1 $0.23 $0.76 4 9 Salima Cassava Nampula Cowpeas (Mixed) Malawi MWK 98.03-2 - - - - Mozambique MZN 25.00 0-31 -2 $0.23 $0.71 Diesel MWK 106.95 4 - - - - MZN 38.42 $0.25 $1.09 0 0 5 18

Nampula Lusaka Mozambique MZN 9.14-15 10 25 Zambia ZMW 2.03 5 0 44 $0.26 $0.28 Roller Maize Meal MZN 4 0-5 -12 ZMW 1.98 2-9 22 $1.13 $0.27 Rice (5% Broken) Mansa MZN 25.00 0 0 1 Zambia ZMW 1.33-25 -29 0 $0.71 $0.18 Tete Cowpeas (Mixed) Roller Maize Meal Mozambique MZN 27.50 50 61 33 ZMW 2.18 7-7 $0.78 $0.30 27 Mongu Southern Africa MZN 9.52-12 -7 10 Zambia ZMW 1.77 $0.27 $0.24 Rice (5% Broken) Roller Maize Meal MZN 35.00 4 17 15 ZMW 2.23 $0.99 $0.31 Chipata Solwezi Zambia ZMW 1.39-7 9 23 Zambia ZMW 1.67 $0.19 $0.23 Roller Maize Meal Roller Maize Meal ZMW 0 - - - - ZMW 2.05 $ $0.28 Choma Bulawayo Zambia ZMW 1.11 0-26 12 Zimbabwe USD 0.51 Roller Maize Meal $0.15 $0.51 Roller Maize Meal ZMW 1.92 1-21 11 USD 0.70 $0.26 $0.70 Kabwe Gwanda Zambia ZMW 1.56 0 0 51 Zimbabwe USD 0.57 $0.21 $0.57 Roller Maize Meal Roller Maize Meal ZMW 1.73-17 -19 9 USD 0.70 $0.24 $0.70 Kasama Harare Diesel Zambia ZMW 1.56-24 0 16 Zimbabwe USD 1.37 $0.21 $1.37 Roller Maize Meal Gasoline ZMW 2.06-6 -14 18 USD 1.44 $0.28 $1.44 Kitwe Zambia ZMW 1.92-7 9 53 USD 0.34 $0.26 $0.34 Roller Maize Meal Roller Maize Meal ZMW 1.99 0-13 24 USD 0.60 $0.28 $0.60 Lusaka Diesel Masvingo Zambia ZMW 7.59 15-24 -8 Zimbabwe USD 0.40 $1.05 $0.40 Southern Africa -20-14 27-4 -9 19-16 0 34-4 -16 13 28 28 - - 8 0 - - 0 - - - - 0 8 - - 4 0 6-3 -2 1-15 0 14 0-8 14 0 38 - - 19

Masvingo Roller Maize Meal Bobo Dioulasso Zimbabwe USD 0.60 0 9 - - Burkina Faso XOF 146.00 18 $0.60 $0.25 Millet (Pearl) 19 1 XOF 194.00 2 1-7 $0.33 Sorghum (White) XOF 158.00 0 4 4 $0.27 Djibo Burkina Faso XOF 178.00 2-8 -10 $0.30 Millet (Pearl) XOF 188.00 4-8 -2 $0.32 Sorghum (White) XOF 168.00 $0.29 8-7 -2 Koudougou Burkina Faso XOF 153.00 6 13-1 $0.26 Millet (Pearl) XOF 192.00 5 5-2 $0.33 Southern Africa West Africa Ouagadougou Sorghum (White) XOF 177.00 $0.30 Gasoline 5 5 6 Burkina Faso XOF 682.00 0-7 -3 $1.16 XOF 139.00-2 -4-14 $0.24 Millet (Pearl) XOF 196.00 $0.33-2 -10-16 XOF 95 $1.62 Sorghum (White) 6 6 1 XOF 19 $0.32 Whole milk powder 2-11 -10 XOF 550 $9.35 0 0 10 Pouytenga Burkina Faso XOF 145.00 9 0-8 $0.25 Millet (Pearl) XOF 21 $0.36 6 0 3 20

Pouytenga Sorghum (White) N'Djamena Sorghum (Red) Burkina Faso XOF 155.00 5 2 2 Chad XAF 19 0-8 -3 $0.26 $0.32 Solenzo Sarh Millet (Pearl) Burkina Faso XOF 11 15-5 -15 Chad XAF 245.00 $0.19 $0.42 2 2 12 Millet (Pearl) Sorghum (Red) XOF 155.00 11-8 -9 XAF 20 0 0 9 $0.26 $0.34 Sorghum (White) Bamako Millet (Pearl) XOF 13 11-6 -2 Mali XOF 225.00 0 0 1 $0.22 $0.38 Abeche Millet (Pearl) Rice (Gambiaca) Chad XAF 22 5-8 -10 XOF 375.00 0 0-2 $0.37 $0.64 Sorghum (Red) Gao Millet (Pearl) XAF 176.00 4 10 8 Mali XOF 20 $0.30 $0.34 0-11 -9 Bol Kayes Millet (Pearl) Chad XAF 22-5 38 24 Mali XOF 25 0 0-2 $0.37 $0.43 Mongo Millet (Pearl) Koulikoro Millet (Pearl) Chad XAF 267.00-5 -11-2 Mali XOF 167.00 $0.45 $0.28 11-26 -22 West Africa Moundou Millet (Pearl) Mopti Millet (Pearl) Chad XAF 24 3 0 9 Mali XOF 20 $0.41 $0.34 Sorghum (Red) Segou Millet (Pearl) XAF 20 0 0 10 Mali XOF 17 $0.34 $0.29 West Africa 0 0 0 8-15 -10 Moussoro Rice (Gambiaca) Chad XAF 25-10 -7-2 XOF 35 8 17 4 $0.43 $0.60 Millet (Pearl) Sikasso Millet (Pearl) XAF 275.00 0-2 -6 Mali XOF 20 $0.47 $0.34 0-7 -8 Rice (5% Broken) Timbuktu Local milled rice XAF 60 0 0 1 Mali XOF 29 10 3-14 $1.02 $0.49 N'Djamena Local milled rice Adel Bagrou Milled rice Chad XAF 40 0-18 -4 Mauritania MRO 22 $0.68 $0.71 2 2 8 Refined sugar XAF 24 0-10 2 MRO 257.50 1 7-4 $0.41 $0.83 Millet (Pearl) XAF 30 3 5 13 MRO 50 $0.51 $1.62 0 2 8 Rice (5% Broken) Rice (100% Broken) XAF 48 0 16 0 MRO 28 $0.82 $0.91 2 8 21 21

Adel Bagrou Sorghum (White) Nouakchott Gasoline Mauritania MRO 155.00 12-3 3 Mauritania MRO 436.20 0 0 14 $ $1.41 MRO 20 0 19 48 MRO 28 4 40 59 $0.65 $0.91 Aoujeft Sorghum (White) Milled rice Mauritania MRO 40 0 0 16 MRO 24 0 20 26 $1.30 $0.78 MRO 12-8 -20-12 MRO 45 0-10 $0.39 $1.46 1 Boghé Milled rice Rice (100% Broken) Mauritania MRO 139.65-22 -22-19 MRO 27 0 8 16 $0.45 $0.87 Refined sugar Sorghum (White) MRO 198.30 2-10 -18 MRO 40 14 33 56 $0.64 $1.30 MRO 345.00-1 -14-13 MRO 15 0 0 12 $1.12 $0.49 Rice (100% Broken) Agadez Millet (Pearl) MRO 20 0 0 4 Niger XOF 230.72-6 -21 - - $0.65 $0.39 West Africa Sorghum (White) MRO 20 0 0 21 XOF 90 $0.65 $1.53 Rice (5% Broken) MRO 125.00 0-17 0 XOF 50 $0.41 $0.85 West Africa 0 - - - - 0 0 - - Magta-lahjar Milled rice Whole milk powder Mauritania MRO 207.50 4-5 4 XOF 375 0 - - - - $0.67 $6.38 Refined sugar Bakin Birji Millet (Pearl) MRO 20-3 -13-21 Niger XOF 179.54 19-40 -22 $0.65 $0.31 Diffa Millet (Pearl) MRO 50 19 0 2 Niger XOF 232.85 5-14 -7 $1.62 $0.40 Rice (100% Broken) MRO 25 2 2 9 XOF 95 $0.81 $1.62 Sorghum (White) Sorghum (Mixed) MRO 275.00 6 10 21 XOF 205.30 $0.89 $0.35 0-5 -7 - - - -5 Whole milk powder MRO 15 0 0 12 XOF 3801.00 0 - - - - $0.49 $6.46 Nouakchott Gas cooking oil Gaya Mauritania MRO 384.60 0 0 15 Niger XOF 193.45 $1.25 $0.33 25 5-5 22

Maradi Tillaberi Millet (Pearl) Niger XOF 18 0-11 -19 Niger XOF 211.35 3-16 -21 $0.31 $0.36 Millet (Pearl) Sorghum (Mixed) XOF 176.36 12-15 -19 XOF 222.00 9-1 -2 $0.30 $0.38 Dandume Local milled rice XOF 70 0 - - - - Nigeria NGN 119.93 $1.19 $0.61 1 - - - - Sorghum (Mixed) Millet (Pearl) XOF 158.72 8-20 -21 NGN 57.60-3 - $0.27 $0.29 - - - Whole milk powder Sorghum (White) XOF 310 0 - - - - NGN 40.79 $5.27 $0.21-12 - - - - Niamey Bread Giwa Niger XOF 322.00 0 0 0 Nigeria NGN 46.67-5 - - - - $0.55 $0.24 Diesel Sorghum (White) XOF 54 0 0 0 NGN 38.33 $0.92 $0.19 Gasoline Ibadan Bread 0 - - - - XOF 538.00 0 0 0 Nigeria NGN 25 $0.91 $1.27 0 67 64 West Africa Gasoline XOF 196.83 0 0-7 NGN 134.00 $0.33 $0.68 West Africa 38 38 49 Millet (Pearl) XOF 24 0-13 -9 NGN 64.52 12 - - - - $0.41 $0.33 Refined palm oil XOF 75 0 - - - - NGN 263.00 $1.28 $1.33 0 10 17 Rice (5% Broken) Sorghum (White) XOF 40 0 0-7 NGN 64.10 0 - - $0.68 $0.32 - - Sorghum (Mixed) Kano Diesel XOF 224.42-1 -8-2 Nigeria NGN 16 $0.38 $0.81 Whole milk powder Gasoline XOF 399 0 - - - - NGN 12 $6.78 $0.61 Ouallam Millet (Pearl) Groundnuts (In Shell) Niger XOF 249.00 0-20 - - NGN 211.87 $0.42 $1.07 Tahoua Millet (Pearl) Niger XOF 229.00 9 - - - - NGN 48.30 $0.39 $0.24 0 - - - - 0 - - - - 12 - - - - 12 - - - - Sorghum (Mixed) Kano Millet (Pearl) XOF 196.00-4 - - - - Nigeria NGN 55.60 $0.33 $0.28-3 -18-19 23

Kano Nigeria Sorghum (White) NGN 45.70-9 - - - - MAIZE $0.23 Gulf of Mexico Maize Kaura Namoda United States (Yellow No. 2) Nigeria NGN 53.28 0 - - - - USD 0.17 $0.27 $0.17-3 -24-34 Sorghum (White) Randfontein Maize NGN 43.29-2 - - - - South Africa (Yellow) $0.22 (SAFEX) ZAR 2.39 1 17 26 Lagos Yams $0.20 Nigeria NGN 119.25 0 - - - - Maize $0.60 (White) Saminaka ZAR 2.74 7 38 46 Nigeria NGN 47.92 17 - - - - $0.23 $0.24 Up River Maize Sorghum (White) Argentina ARS 1.51 0-25 -30 NGN 52.80 14 - - - - $0.17 $0.27 Dakar Millet (Pearl) RICE Senegal XOF 224.00-9 -13-3 Bangkok Rice $0.38 Thailand (100% B) Rice (100% Broken) THB 13.17-4 -3-23 XOF 27 0-13 -10 $0.39 $0.46 Rice West Africa Kaolak Millet (Pearl) (A1 Super) Senegal XOF 167.00-3 -17-8 THB 10.88 $0.28 $0.33 Rice (100% Broken) Hanoi Rice XOF 271.00 0 1-4 Vietnam (5% broken) $0.46 VND 7,020 International -2 9-24 -1-10 -15 Saint-Louis Millet (Pearl) $0.35 Senegal XOF 221.00 5-8 -7 $0.38 Rice (100% Broken) Gulf of Mexico SORGHUM Sorghum XOF 287.00 3 7-2 United States (Yellow No. 2) $0.49 USD 0.22-3 -3-5 Tambacounda Millet (Pearl) $0.22 Senegal XOF 206.00-5 6 2 $0.35 SOYBEANS Ziguichor Gulf of Mexico Soybeans Senegal XOF 25 0 0-7 United States USD 0.24 0-19 -11 $0.43 $0.24 Rice (100% Broken) XOF 29 $0.49 7 5 0 Caribbean SUGAR Sugar (Raw) (Average) USD 0.29 2-27 -29 $0.29 24

WHEAT Aktau Port Milling Wheat Kazakhstan KZT 49.22 $0.27 0 4 32 Black Sea Milling Wheat (Average) USD 0.19 $0.19-8 -33-28 Eastern States Wheat Australia (ASW) (standard) AUD 0.30 0-19 -11 USD 0.24 Gulf of Mexico United States Wheat No. 2, Hard Red Winter USD 0.23 $0.23 Wheat -3-33 -23 No. 2, Soft Red Winter USD 0.20 $0.20-5 -26-23 Randfontein South Africa ZAR 3.82 (SAFEX) $0.32 1-3 20 Rouën Wheat International France (Grade 1) EUR 0.17 $0.19 St. Lawrence Wheat -4-32 -32 Canada Up River Argentina (CWRS) CAD 0.29 $0.24 Wheat (Trigo Pan) ARS 2.04 $0.23-4 - - - - 1-39 -26 CRUDE OIL West Texas Crude Oil* Intermediate USD 59.27 United States $59.27 9-42 -36 Brent Crude Oil* Northern Sea USD 62.51 $62.51 9-39 -39 Dubai Crude Oil* Persian Gulf USD 63.69 *reported in $/bbl $63.69 8-36 -36 25

PRICE WATCH ANNEX 2 May 2015 Prices June 30, 2015 Figure 3. Millet prices in West Africa (2010-2015) 0.75 Figure 4. Sorghum prices in West Africa (2010-2015) 0.75 0.25 0.25 Wast Africa Moundou, Chad Segou, Mali Kaolak, Senegal Figure 5. Maize prices in West Africa (2010-2015) 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 Kano, Nigeria(W) Bol, Chad Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso Solenzo, Burkina Faso Maradi, Niger Malanville, Benin Tamale, Ghana Figure 6. Rice prices in West Africa (2010-2015) Sources of prices in West Africa: Information System on agricultural markets (SIMA) Niger, Agricultural Market Observatory (OMA) Mali, Burkina Faso SONAGESS, Information System market (SIM) in Senegal and FEWS NET. 1.50 1.00 Maradi, Niger Moundou, Chad Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso Nouakchott, Mauritania* Dakar, Senegal* * imported rice Kano, Nigeria Segou, Mali Bamako, Mali Monrovia, Liberia* Figure 7. Dry bean prices in East Africa (2010-2015) Figure 8. Sorghum prices in East Africa (2010-2015) 1.50 1.20 2.50 2.00 0.90 1.50 East Africa 0.60 0.30 1.00 Arusha, Tanzania (W) Eldoret, Kenya (W) Kigali City, Kimironko, Rwanda Masindi, Uganda (W) Gadaref, Sudan Baidoa, Somalia Juba, South Sudan Kampala, Uganda (W) Dire Dawa, Ethiopia (W) (FEWS NET) monitors trends in staple food prices in countries vulnerable to foodd insecurity. The Price Watch Annex 2 provides prices trends for key markets and staple foods monitored across FEWS NET countries and regions. The commodities with a reference (W) are wholesale prices. Otherwise, all reported prices are retail. FEWS NET fewsnetmt@fews.net www.fews.net FEWS NET is a USAID-funded activity. The content of this report does not necessarily reflect the view of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government.