Supplementary figures and tables

Supplementary figures and tables 948 55 65 32 83.552.563 87.664.54.4897.6766.5629.879.8853.6329 99.836.5585.7978 34.855.845.9339 93.83.796.424.7897.7853.6944.763.345 69.2875.5333.8953.6872.8484.2.295.92 78.9379.726.6734.7.8823.476.839.854.644 83.6827.3472 48.7 75.382.5427 87.3788.382.8239.4882.284.4427 28.2258.396.34.2577.4365.69.4928.835.6627.8647.795.8289 85 AY436489 Amanita aff. citrina AF24446 Amanita citrina FJ8946 Amanita citrina AY4365 Amanita porphyria FJ8937 Amanita sp. AF24447 Amanita citrina var. grisea AF97378 Amanita citrina AF97379 Amanita brunnescens AF24452 Amanita fritillaria FJ894 Amanita flavoconia EU52286 Amanita flavoconia AF9738 Amanita franchetii FJ8943 Amanita rubescens AF24449 Amanita excelsa AF2445 Amanita flavipes AF2447 Amanita pilosella AY4365 Amanita sepiacea GQ25423 Amanita silvicola AF24476 Amanita strobiliformis AY436495 Amanita griseoverrucosa AY325879 Amanita arocheae FJ894 Amanita sp. AF24486 Amanita cf. virosa FJ75589 Amanita virosa AF97386 Amanita virosa AY436492 Amanita exitialis AF97384 Amanita bisporigera DQ772 Amanita phalloides GQ2542 Amanita ocreata GQ2549 Amanita ocreata AF24479 Amanita subjunquillea AF24454 Amanita fuliginea AF24485 Amanita volvata EF65396 Amanita curtipes AF24448 Amanita clarisquamosa AF24487 Amanita aff. volvata AF2444 Amanita avellaneosquamosa EF653958 Amanita ponderosa AF4268 Amanita peckiana AF97387 Amanita peckiana FJ68 Amanita kotohiraensis FJ682 Amanita kotohiraensis FJ683 Amanita oberwinklerana AF24475 Amanita solitaria AF2446 Amanita japonica AF24463 Amanita manginiana AF2447 Amanita pseudoporphyria AF97389 Amanita solitariiformis AY94983 Amanita conicoverrucosa AF24484 Amanita virgineoides AF24442 Amanita brunneofuliginea AF24472 Amanita pseudovaginata GQ25427 Amanita sp. AF24482 Amanita vaginata AF2446 Amanita lignitincta GQ25424 Amanita velosa FJ8945 Amanita humboldtii AF2444 Amanita angustilamellata AF24466 Amanita nivalis AF97374 Amanita vaginata AY436496 Amanita orientifulva AF97373 Amanita fulva AF24455 Amanita fulva EU522724 Amanita aff. vaginata AY22835 Amanita constricta FJ75276 Amanita submembranacea AF97372 Amanita ceciliae AF24444 Amanita ceciliae AY436493 Amanita liquii FJ23686 Amanita coacta FN557542 uncultured ectomycorrhiza GQ925378 Amanita sp. GQ25426 Amanita sp. AF24462 Amanita longistriata AF24459 Amanita incarnatifolia GQ925369 Amanita sp. AF24488 Amanita yuaniana AF24445 Amanita chepangiana AF24443 Amanita caesarea AF24458 Amanita hemibapha var. ochracea GQ2546 Amanita aff. lanei AF24473 Amanita rubrovolvata GQ2544 Amanita gemmata AY436487 Amanita altipes AF24468 Amanita pantherina var. lutea AF9737 Amanita gemmata GQ2542 Amanita aff. pantherina FJ8935 Amanita xylinivolva AF24453 Amanita frostiana AF24477 Amanita subfrostiana EU7974 Amanita muscaria AF2448 Amanita sychnopyramis AY436497 Amanita orientigemmata AF24474 Amanita sinensis AF9737 Amanita farinosa AF24464 Amanita mira AF97369 Amanita roseo-tincta GQ925376 Amanita sp. GQ925372 Amanita sp. AF26436 Amanita armillariiformis AY94984 Amanita nauseosa AY634279 Pluteus romellii AY78 Entoloma prunuloides 25. 75. Figure S. Chronogram for Amanita. Time scale set to millions of years. Maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree with median node heights based on the nuclsu region. Node bars represent 95% credibility intervals for node heights. Numbers above branches represent posterior probabilities. Names of outgroup taxa are in gray. The root was assigned an age prior with mean 29 Ma (standard deviation [sd] 7 Ma) and the split between Pluteus and Amanita an age prior with mean 89 Ma (sd 5 Ma). The cut off for OTUs were set to expected substitutions per site. 25.

DQ7743 Catathelasma imperiale AF264 Catathelasma ventricosum.5.62 AY64728 Clitocybe subvelosa DQ4783 Mycena plumbea U76459 Tricholoma myomyces AY27228 Lyophyllum decastes DQ77 Agaricus bisporus 25. 75. Figure S2. Chronogram for Catathelasma. Time scale set to millions of years. MCC tree with median node heights based on the nuclsu region. Node bars represent 95% credibility intervals for node heights. Numbers above branches represent posterior probabilities. Names of outgroup taxa are in gray. The root was assigned an age prior with mean 29 Ma (sd 7 Ma) and the split between Tricholoma and Lyophyllum an age prior with mean 3 Ma (sd 5 Ma). The cut off for OTUs was set to 5 expected substitutions per site. 25.

B, C, D.22 FJ9693 uncultured ectomycorrhiza GQ59893 Cortinarius casimiri FJ94698 uncultured ectomycorrhiza DQ97474 Cortinarius cf. flexipes.2 7.6 DQ2685 Cortinarius cf. saniosus 6.67 AB2824 uncultured ectomycorrhiza EU292337 uncultured fungus EU554827 uncultured fungus FJ77539 Cortinarius sp. EU259288 Cortinarius leiocastaneus FJ9696 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.89 EU668286 uncultured Cortinarius GQ59878 Cortinarius sp. FJ39542 Cortinarius sertipes 8 EU59733 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AF48375 ectomycorrhiza AY29922 uncultured ectomycorrhiza 8 EU56924 uncultured Cortinariaceae.6.2 EU554858 uncultured fungus.88 FJ3954 Cortinarius vernus.7 EU29232 uncultured fungus.93 EU56955 uncultured Cortinarius DQ2686 Cortinarius helobius FJ77497 Cortinarius vernus.66 GQ59826 Cortinarius vernus AF268894 Cortinarius heterosporus FJ55472 uncultured Cortinarius FJ39543 Cortinarius hemitrichus GQ59796 Cortinarius alnetorum 2.76 DQ48748 uncultured ectomycorrhiza. AJ879675 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FJ39537 Cortinarius pulchripes EF77496 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.36 GQ59846 Cortinarius biformis FJ9692 uncultured ectomycorrhiza GQ59843 Cortinarius leucopus.5 GQ59855 Cortinarius leucopus GQ59823 Cortinarius leucopus FJ3954 Cortinarius sertipes.9 DQ8228 Cortinarius sp. EU554963 uncultured fungus.74 EU554732 uncultured fungus EU82662 Cortinarius fulvescens AY8379 Cortinarius cedriolens AB283 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.9 AY656969 uncultured mycorrhiza GQ5988 Cortinarius sp..93 GQ5985 Cortinarius fulvescens GQ5982 Cortinarius sp. AY669685 Cortinarius belleri GQ59884 Cortinarius velenovskyi.89 AJ889975 Cortinarius praestigiosus AY669665 Cortinarius hinnuleus.38 AJ53473 Cortinarius sp..27 DQ97476 Cortinarius cf. flexipes.9 AY669667 Cortinarius helvolus DQ49946 Cortinarius hinnuleoarmillatus EU89466 Cortinarius sp. DQ48858 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.57 EU668226 uncultured Cortinarius DQ273376 uncultured Cortinariaceae.9 FJ77538 Cortinarius casimiri EU89499 Cortinarius subsertipes.8 AY656929 uncultured mycorrhiza.44 FJ553976 uncultured Cortinarius AF43265 Cortinarius sp..5.7 AM87248 Cortinarius flexipes..9 EU5667 uncultured Cortinarius GQ5988 Cortinarius acutus GQ5994 Cortinarius fulvescens AJ88997 Cortinarius diasemospermus.6.25 AM9228 uncultured basidiomycete.74 DQ54565 uncultured fungus GQ59762 Cortinarius velenovskyi.5.26 EU554798 uncultured fungus.7 AF48377 ectomycorrhizal root AY28894 uncultured fungus FJ579 Cortinarius angelesianus.3.24.88 AY669677 Cortinarius fulvoconicus AY669672 Cortinarius psammocephalus.2 DQ8228 uncultured ectomycorrhiza GQ5993 Cortinarius fasciatus.42 DQ2682 Cortinarius cf. saniosus FJ39562 Cortinarius canabarba AJ53472 Cortinarius sp. 2 AY669658 Cortinarius umbrinolens FJ55358 uncultured Cortinarius FJ55386 uncultured Cortinarius U5632 Cortinarius umbilicatus EU529976 uncultured ectomycorrhiza EU292325 uncultured fungus 3 FJ3978 Cortinarius flexipes DQ97874 Cortinarius junghuhnii.8.47 EU3267 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY669673 Cortinarius rubricosus GQ59898 Cortinarius laetissimus.32 EF4345 uncultured fungus EF7752 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AJ889947 Cortinarius cf. decipiens GQ59883 Cortinarius candelaris DQ4886 uncultured ectomycorrhiza EF28746 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.33 DQ99866 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FJ7754 Cortinarius saniosus DQ2656 Cortinarius sp. DQ2658 Cortinarius sp..74.25 DQ2655 Cortinarius sp. DQ2672 Cortinarius saniosus.74 DQ2665 Cortinarius saniosus.56.28 FM99325 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AF38955 Cortinarius pulchellus AY8377 Cortinarius alnetorum.85 AY8382 Cortinarius helvelloides FJ3977 Cortinarius cf. gentilis AY669683 Cortinarius flexipes.3 AY669692 Cortinarius subbalaustinus.87 EU82669 Cortinarius scandens FJ77582 Cortinarius sp..7 AY669693 Cortinarius balaustinus.26 FJ77574 Cortinarius traganus EU525964 Cortinarius sp. AJ889977 Cortinarius torvus GQ59889 Cortinarius aff. multicolor.93 FJ39572 Cortinarius calopus FJ3957 Cortinarius calopus.8 FJ9695 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.74 AY656956 uncultured mycorrhiza AY822739 uncultured ectomycorrhiza DQ273374 uncultured Cortinariaceae 7 AY65693 uncultured mycorrhiza FJ97 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FJ39566 Cortinarius duracinus.2 AF325593 Cortinarius leucopus.63.57 AY669676 Cortinarius cagei.28 FJ39565 Cortinarius alboviolaceus EU59734 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FJ39563 Cortinarius evernius 3 FN39342 Cortinarius sp..86 FN3937 Cortinarius sp..79.5 FN3932 Cortinarius tortuosus FN3937 Cortinarius sp. GQ59774 Cortinarius turibulosus EU82665 Cortinarius obtusus EU66895 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.83 FJ39684 Cortinarius evernius AF325594 Cortinarius humidicola.3 EU693242 Cortinarius testaceofolius AY669657 Cortinarius alboviolaceus FJ266726 uncultured Cortinarius.55.7.87 AY969578 uncultured basidiomycete FJ574 Cortinarius alboviolaceus. AY669689 Cortinarius turgidus.7.35 FJ4756 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.78 EU525988 Cortinarius sp..73 AY669688 Cortinarius biformis.93.4 DQ377378 uncultured ectomycorrhiza EF69679 uncultured Cortinarius DQ233767 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.79 FJ7753 Cortinarius cf. subpurpureus AY66968 Cortinarius malachius EU8268 Cortinarius cf. subferrugineus EU82657 Cortinarius acutus AY669682 Cortinarius bivelus 5 FJ3956 Cortinarius Telamonia sp. 9 7 AY669666 Cortinarius laniger 3 EU526857 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY8389 Cortinarius saturninus GQ66894 Cortinarius torvus 2 GQ6698 Cortinarius sp. FJ77563 Cortinarius boulderensis.4 DQ499465 Cortinarius pseudobovinus FJ5729 Cortinarius colus. AY66967 Cortinarius anthracinus EU525984 Cortinarius sp. 2.29 AY65696 uncultured mycorrhiza 4 AY839 Cortinarius urbicus 2 AY299227 uncultured ectomycorrhiza DQ97475 Cortinarius cf. flexipes.2 AJ93799 uncultured ectomycorrhiza EU259284 Cortinarius brunneifolius FJ969 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.47 EF4245 Cortinarius savegrensis FJ39674 Cortinarius paragaudis DQ4884 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.39 EF424 Cortinarius quercoamillatus AJ23675 Cortinarius armillatus.8 EU69324 Cortinarius ionosmus.86. DQ48825 uncultured ectomycorrhiza. FJ77583 Cortinarius badiovinaceus.54 FN3933 Cortinarius sp. AY472 Cortinarius betuletorum AY669694 Cortinarius pholideus.37 FJ9697 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.67 AB25825 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FJ77499 Cortinarius sp. DQ367897 Cortinarius laniger FJ39676 Cortinarius niveoglobosus.3 AY65693 uncultured mycorrhiza.62 FJ9698 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.46 GQ59869 Cortinarius limonius.58 DQ4 Cortinarius neofurvolaesus DQ365638 Cortinarius sp. DQ7929 Cortinarius anisatus DQ39986 Cortinarius furvolaesus FJ39672 Cortinarius brunneus.69 AY66969 Cortinarius bovinus FJ3967 Cortinarius cf. duracinus DQ39983 Cortinarius cf. bovinus.9 AJ889942 Cortinarius aprinus AY228359 Cortinarius cf. bovinus EU57 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.6 FJ77584 Cortinarius sp. FJ55397 uncultured Cortinarius FJ553489 uncultured Cortinarius.86.5 FJ39683 Cortinarius viridipes.48 AF38954 Cortinarius bulliardii.26 AY669662 Cortinarius cinnabarinus AY669659 Cortinarius bulliardii 5 EU56359 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FJ77527 Cortinarius sp. FJ39678 Cortinarius californicus U5623 Cortinarius californicus FJ5745 Cortinarius brunneus EU26676 Cortinarius pseudorubricosus EU266633 Cortinarius albogaudis EF4249 Cortinarius carranzae EU266695 Cortinarius glandicolor EU26664 Cortinarius brunneus.84 EU266643 Cortinarius caesiobrunneus EU266656 Cortinarius sp. EU266659 Cortinarius carabus EU266662 Cortinarius cicindela.62 EU266682 Cortinarius coleoptera FJ3968 Cortinarius brunneus var. brunneus EU222995 fungal sp. EU266676 Cortinarius clarobrunneus DQ49869 Laccaria bicolor A. 7 6 4 3 2

.9.83.6.8.6.5 6.45 4.43.48.28.42.27 2 3.8.78.9.24.27.8.6 6.3 7.35.49.58.86.73.55.25.4.28.28.53.8. 3.83 4.54.5.23.83.28.4.87.7.43.59.3.22.28.32 7 2.34.85.64.3 6.2.64.27 5.79.2.5.3 3.37.72.36.46.88.78.25 5.58 2.25 3.35.22.82 5 2.36.89.9.7.36.44.84.24.79.78.4.32.2 3.88.9.9 8.93.2 2.2.47 6.26 3.76.77..86.9 C, D AY74853 Cortinarius lustratus EF425 Cortinarius comparioides EF4252 Cortinarius ovreboii FJ5735 Cortinarius croceocaeruleus EF6895 Cortinarius leucophanes FJ39662 Cortinarius argutus EU575 Cortinarius sp. DQ66348 Cortinarius rapaceotomentosus DQ83784 Cortinarius flavovirens DQ66347 Cortinarius rapaceoides EU56944 Cortinarius caroviolaceus AY66957 Cortinarius saporatus DQ66347 Cortinarius sp. EU573 Cortinarius odorifer AF32562 Cortinarius odorifer DQ663338 Cortinarius luteolus DQ663299 Cortinarius elegantissimus EU5736 Cortinarius cedretorum EU5738 Cortinarius cedretorum EU5726 Cortinarius saxamontanus EU5746 Cortinarius flavobulbus DQ663448 Cortinarius xanthochlorus DQ663283 Cortinarius cupreorufus EU655685 Cortinarius cedretorum var. cedretorum EU569248 Cortinarius sp. DQ663278 Cortinarius citrinus EU5732 Cortinarius fulmineus EU5699 Cortinarius suaveolens EU56977 Cortinarius calochrous EU56978 Cortinarius calochrous var. barbaricus EU5698 Cortinarius calochrous DQ663236 Cortinarius barbarorum EU5742 Cortinarius verrucisporus EU5777 Cortinarius ochraceopallescens EU655666 Cortinarius montensis DQ663324 Cortinarius insignibulbus DQ663374 Cortinarius parasuaveolens EU5764 Cortinarius parasuaveolens DQ83776 Cortinarius cf. calochrous AF3894 Cortinarius fulvocitrinus AM79879 Cortinarius rickenianus AY669566 Cortinarius nymphicolor DQ323965 Cortinarius sp. AM79887 Cortinarius subgracilis EU56962 Cortinarius calochrous EU56964 Cortinarius sp. DQ66324 Cortinarius caesiocinctus EU577 Cortinarius frondosophilus DQ663335 Cortinarius lilacinovelatus DQ663262 Cortinarius catharinae DQ66338 Cortinarius calochrous var coniferarum FJ578 Cortinarius cf. calochrous DQ663284 Cortinarius dalecarlicus DQ663464 Cortinarius sp. EU66938 Cortinarius calochrous EU56982 Cortinarius roseobulbus EU56984 Cortinarius calochrous DQ663434 Cortinarius sublilacinopes DQ663466 Cortinarius sp DQ663426 Cortinarius spectabilis FJ3964 Cortinarius humolens FJ775 Cortinarius olympianus EU56976 Cortinarius magnivelatus DQ663429 Cortinarius splendidior DQ66336 Cortinarius haasii DQ323962 Cortinarius sp. EU5759 Cortinarius largentii DQ323964 Cortinarius corrosus DQ66397 Cortinarius albertii AY669563 Cortinarius subarquatus AY7486 Cortinarius osmophorus FJ39644 Cortinarius aureofulvus DQ66339 Cortinarius prasinus EU573 Cortinarius rufoolivaceus GQ5977 Cortinarius olearioides DQ663322 Cortinarius humolens EU655675 Cortinarius sp. EU684534 Cortinarius praetermissus EU56953 Cortinarius elotus EU5695 Cortinarius pseudoglaucopus EF458 Cortinariaceae sp. DQ663462 Cortinarius sp. EU56993 Cortinarius guttatus DQ663325 Cortinarius langeorum FJ775 Cortinarius sp. EU5723 Cortinarius xanthophyllus EU572 Cortinarius fulmineus DQ663223 Cortinarius atrovirens AF6269 Cortinarius atrovirens AY74836 Cortinarius odoratus DQ663343 Cortinarius natalis AF53545 Cortinarius aureocalceolatus DQ663288 Cortinarius dibaphus EU57 Cortinarius arcuatorum EU572 Cortinarius arcuatorum EU574 Cortinarius arcuatorum AY332 Cortinarius arcuatorum EU56998 Cortinarius elegantior AY7485 Cortinarius elegantior EF4269 Cortinarius parafulmineus EU65567 Cortinarius splendificus EU655656 Cortinarius glaucescens DQ66399 Cortinarius alcalinophilus DQ6634 Cortinarius quercusilicis DQ663364 Cortinarius olearioides AM998783 Cortinarius sp. EU577 Cortinarius flavobulbus AJ23667 Cortinarius napus EU579 Cortinarius aurora DQ66323 Cortinarius aureopulverulentus EU655672 Cortinarius alnobetulae DQ66334 Cortinarius meinhardii EU577 Cortinarius viridirubescens DQ32846 Thaxterogaster sp. DQ32822 Thaxterogaster sp. DQ3287 Thaxterogaster sp. DQ3287 Thaxterogaster sp. AY66965 Cortinarius australis FJ3966 Cortinarius purpurascens FJ3966 Cortinarius mutabilis AB28 uncultured ectomycorrhiza EU569254 Cortinarius sp. FJ77559 Cortinarius sp. AY74858 Cortinarius purpurascens AY669538 Cortinarius purpurascens var. largusoides AY669639 Cortinarius persicanus FJ77592 Cortinarius montanus AF478575 Cortinarius scaurus AF478578 Cortinarius montanus var. fuligineofolius AF478583 Cortinarius montanus DQ974723 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY338 Cortinarius mariae AY356323 Cortinarius sp AY7489 Cortinarius caesiocortinatus DQ8386 Cortinarius prasinocyaneus AF539722 Cortinarius permagnificus EU82689 Cortinarius pinophilus AF53973 Cortinarius austroturmalis AF53973 Cortinarius pugionipes AF5397 Cortinarius cervinus AY669622 Cortinarius cretax AY337 Cortinarius castoreus DQ3283 Thaxterogaster sp. DQ3286 Cortinarius sebosus AF38947 Cortinarius gymnopiloides FJ5755 Cortinarius limonius EF4239 Cortinarius aurantiobrunneus AY339 Cortinarius talus AY669533 Cortinarius balteatoalbus var. arenisilvis FJ39634 Cortinarius allutus AF325586 Cortinarius talus AY66953 Cortinarius allutus AY6696 Cortinarius pseudotriumphans EU6695 Cortinarius alboaggregatus DQ32849 Thaxterogaster sp. DQ3286 Descomyces sp. AF38939 Cortinarius fulvoochrascens AF38938 Cortinarius variipes EF28754 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY66959 Cortinarius caesiostramineus AY74862 Cortinarius caerulescens DQ838 Cortinarius rapaceus EF28755 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY669546 Cortinarius caesiocanescens AY7487 Cortinarius anserinus AY669537 Cortinarius aleuriosmus AY669545 Cortinarius polymorphus AY669525 Cortinarius gracilior DQ83782 Cortinarius dionysae FJ946938 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FM2239 Cortinarius sp. AY669523 Cortinarius glaucopus var. olivaceus EU84982 Protoglossum viscidum AF32563 Hymenogaster sublilacinus AF32562 Hymenogaster remyi U5622 Cortinarius allutus FM2228 Cortinarius sp. AF38935 Cortinarius multiformis DQ83789 Cortinarius langei FJ3967 Cortinarius ochrophyllus AY7486 Cortinarius boudieri AY669548 Cortinarius maire AF38933 Cortinarius iodes DQ8388 Cortinarius viridocoeruleus AY66954 Cortinarius camptoros FJ3966 Cortinarius glaucopus DQ97477 Cortinarius cf. glaucopus AY74785 Cortinarius glaucopus AY822737 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FJ95642 Cortinarius aquilanus DQ83793 Cortinarius luhmannii EU52597 Cortinarius calyptratus AF53977 Cortinarius viridibasalis AF53976 Cortinarius flammuloides AY66969 Cortinarius vaginatus FJ39665 Cortinarius renidens AF53973 Cortinarius parahumilis AY669653 Cortinarius austroduracinus AY669642 Cortinarius lacteus AF5397 Cortinarius aurantiorufus AF539732 Cortinarius rubrivelatus AY669647 Cortinarius cyanites FJ574 Cortinarius cyanites FJ77594 Cortinarius sp. AY669599 Cortinarius rubicundulus AY474 Cortinarius tophaceus AY473 Cortinarius callisteus FJ575 Cortinarius callisteus FJ39667 Cortinarius limonius A DQ49869 Laccaria bicolor B. 7 6 4 3 2

.28 D FJ39694 Cortinarius ceraceus GQ599 Cortinarius acutus GQ5978 Cortinarius acutus.77 FJ769529 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.89 EU59726 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FJ5256 uncultured ectomycorrhiza EU29254 uncultured fungus.6.22 DQ54576 uncultured fungus AY669656 Cortinarius incisus EU89467 Cortinarius sp..4 FJ5257 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FJ39696 Cortinarius Telamonia sp. EU59736 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.3 FJ525 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AF476989 ectomycorrhizal root DQ4896 uncultured cf. Dermocybe GQ59899 Cortinarius pseudoduracinus EU5796 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AF325578 Cortinarius acutus FM99296 uncultured ectomycorrhiza GQ5989 Cortinarius rigens AM42268 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY8387 Cortinarius conopilus GQ59763 Cortinarius rigens.57 EU645624 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FJ525 uncultured ectomycorrhiza GQ5998 Cortinarius pseudocandelaris FJ5259 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.93.78.87 GQ5986 Cortinarius velenovskyi FJ396 Cortinarius duracinus var. raphanicus FJ7755 Cortinarius obtusus.84 3.78 EU5797 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.22 AF43288 Cortinarius sp. AY64464 uncultured ectomycorrhiza DQ273377 uncultured Cortinariaceae FJ39697 Cortinarius Telamonia sp. EF634 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY66965 Cortinarius cystidiocatenatus.77 AF539728 Cortinarius tenellus AF539727 Cortinarius pachynemeus AF539729 Cortinarius squamiger DQ32888 Thaxterogaster sp. DQ3283 Quadrispora tubercularis DQ32843 Thaxterogaster sp..26 DQ32886 Thaxterogaster sp. DQ3282 Thaxterogaster sp..68 DQ32859 Cortinarius walpolensis DQ233795 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.85 GQ59858 Cortinarius aff. pauperculus.7.8 DQ37738 uncultured ectomycorrhiza EU726285 uncultured Cortinarius.6 DQ48834 uncultured ectomycorrhiza DQ38889 uncultured fungus EU569249 Cortinarius sp..9 EU82676 Cortinarius azureus.24.6 FJ5252 uncultured ectomycorrhiza GQ5996 Cortinarius fulvescens.76 FJ77564 Cortinarius raphanoides AJ43898 Cortinarius obtusus DQ377433 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AF3897 Cortinarius laetus FJ5734 Cortinarius cf. cinnamomeus FJ969 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.5 FJ39584 Cortinarius subannulatus.69 FJ39586 Cortinarius cf. cotoneus DQ365639 Cortinarius sp. 7 EU669233 Dermocybe humboldtensis EF6897 Cortinarius venetus var. montanus AF38966 Cortinarius flavifolius.58.8 AY669597 Cortinarius cotoneus AF38968 Cortinarius cotoneus EF424 Cortinarius aureopigmentatus.93 AF38959 Cortinarius icterinus.37 FJ769528 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FJ574 Cortinarius cf. caninus FJ39656 Cortinarius ochrophyllus.49 U5624 Cortinarius caninus EU83722 Cortinarius barlowensis FJ7757 Cortinarius caesiifolius.4 EU66935 Cortinarius barlowensis EU83723 Cortinarius barlowensis.57 DQ377379 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.38 AB2583 uncultured ectomycorrhiza GQ5994 Cortinarius holophaeus AY669646 Cortinarius caninus EU82675 Cortinarius alboviolaceus DQ97877 Cortinarius alboviolaceus.3 DQ4868 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.9 5 FJ39652 Cortinarius azureus EU5794 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AJ88994 Cortinarius anomalus EF4246 Cortinarius sericeolazulinus.44 FN39339 Cortinarius anomalus.42 AY669637 Cortinarius schlerophyllarum.47 AY669648 Cortinarius tristis.76 DQ4867 uncultured ectomycorrhiza DQ4869 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FM99298 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AB2255 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.93 AM42267 uncultured ectomycorrhizal AY669596 Cortinarius bolaris AY74859 Cortinarius subtortus.87 EU579 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY669592 Cortinarius salor AF38928 Cortinarius illitus.93 AF32558 Cortinarius delibutus.62 FJ7754 Cortinarius sp. FN39335 Cortinarius sp. FJ3976 Cortinarius croceocoeruleus AF36739 Cortinarius sp. AF244 Cortinarius rotundisporus 6 AF38927 Cortinarius rotundisporus AY669634 Cortinarius caeruleoburneus AY66968 Cortinarius vinaceolamellatus.7 AF38952 Cortinarius badiovinaceus FJ3963 Cortinarius cf. balaustinus AY669595 Cortinarius rubellus FJ26328 Cortinarius sp. FJ263279 Cortinarius orellanus.47 AY7478 Cortinarius infractus 3 EU52596 Cortinarius sp..33 FJ3962 Cortinarius cf. infractus.45 GQ5982 Cortinarius infractus EU569247 Cortinarius sp. EU569252 Cortinarius sp. AY7478 Cortinarius infractus DQ97886 Cortinarius salor EU86664 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.3 AY669536 Cortinarius infractus var. obscurocyaneus AF3674 Cortinarius sp. AF325599 Thaxterogaster albocanus.9 AF3256 Cortinarius cinereobrunneus.83 AF3256 Cortinarius violaceus.2 AF3893 Cortinarius atrolazulinus 7 AY669578 Cortinarius violaceus.72 AY66963 Cortinarius stephanopus.79 AY334 Cortinarius collariatus AF539734 Cortinarius lividus AY669544 Cortinarius crassus.23 AY66964 Cortinarius sinapicolor AY66965 Cortinarius ardesiacus.29 AY669632 Cortinarius walkeri AF539725 Cortinarius elaphinus AY669633 Cortinarius tasmacamphoratus FM9929 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY66963 Cortinarius cannarius.6 AF53972 Cortinarius carneolus.6 7.9 AF539726 Cortinarius rubrobasalis.25 AF3895 Cortinarius teraturgus AF38962 Dermocybe cardinalis AF53972 Cortinarius icterinus.28 AF53972 Cortinarius amoenus DQ3284 Cortinarius sp..38 AY66962 Cortinarius globuliformis.9 AF325582 Cortinarius globuliformis AY669636 Cortinarius sejuctus AY669643 Cortinarius kula AY669598 Cortinarius splendidus AF325583 Dermocybe splendida AF46644 uncultured fungus.34 AF53978 Cortinarius lignyotus EF6349 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AF539736 Cortinarius olivaceobubalinus U5644 Dermocybe malicoria.2 U5652 Dermocybe phoenicea.45 U5647 Dermocybe marylandensis 6 DQ384593 Cortinarius phoeniceus var. occidentalis.26 EU525946 Dermocybe sanguinea.23 U5642 Dermocybe fervida U5665 Dermocybe semisanguinea FJ39596 Cortinarius idahoensis 3.45 FJ5747 Cortinarius semisanguineus U5669 Dermocybe subcinnabarina.34.82 AY669582 Cortinarius sanguineus.27 U5668 Dermocybe sierraensis FJ5789 Cortinarius sanguineus.3 U5673 Dermocybe sp..72 AF3895 Cortinarius semisanguineus.6 3 DQ367898 Cortinarius sanguineus. GQ59882 Cortinarius melanotus FJ39594 Cortinarius idahoensis U564 Dermocybe fervida U5654 Dermocybe phoenicea.2 U5674 Dermocybe sp.. AY8268 Cortinarius cinnamomeus.7 FJ39588 Cortinarius californicus.4 FJ5849 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.8 EU525963 Cortinarius cinnamomeus.9 EU292379 uncultured fungus.69 DQ233735 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.75 FJ845396 Cortinarius cinnamomeus.85 EF77495 Cortinarius croceus GQ5999 Cortinarius croceus.62 DQ48879 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FJ5254 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.56 FJ5723 Cortinarius cf. croceoconus.75.75 FJ397 Cortinarius acutus GQ5989 Cortinarius tubarius.38 DQ489 Dermocybe aurantiobasis DQ489 Dermocybe aurantiobasis FJ5725 Cortinarius cinnamomeus U5639 Cortinarius cinnamomeus AF495456 Dermocybe crocea AJ23662 Dermocybe uliginosus AM929 uncultured basidiomycete EU66837 uncultured Dermocybe.2.75 FJ396 Cortinarius venetus.3 U565 Dermocybe olivaceopicta EU979 uncultured fungus AF53977 Cortinarius luteostriatulus.78 AF38963 Cortinarius firmus.77 B A DQ49869 Laccaria bicolor C. 7 6 4 3 2

D. 7 AY7483 Cortinarius praestans.4 AY669522 Cortinarius claricolor DQ8383 Cortinarius sp. FM2233 Cortinarius sp. AY74856 Cortinarius nanceiensis 5.39 DQ83772 Cortinarius aurilicis.7 AY669529 Cortinarius percomis FJ9564 Cortinarius majoranae.74 DQ8385 Cortinarius percomis.82 FJ3967 Cortinarius nanceiensis AY7484 Cortinarius mussivus.84 AY66954 Cortinarius serarius.37 AY669534 Cortinarius delaportei AY74786 Cortinarius cephalixus AY66955 Cortinarius fraudulosus.28 AY66956 Cortinarius paracephalixus AY669535 Cortinarius argutus.2 AY748 Cortinarius balteatocumatilis EU56925 Cortinarius sp..62.82 AF53974 Cortinarius punctatisporus.7.64 FJ574 Cortinarius sp..9 DQ54564 uncultured fungus AY66967 Cortinarius lavendulensis AY669524 Cortinarius acidophilus EU66946 Cortinarius memoriaannae.42 AY748 Cortinarius vulpinus 3.4 AY669556 Cortinarius tiliae GQ66892 Cortinarius sp. AF32567 Cortinarius citriolens GQ59888 Cortinarius aff. inamoenus AF32568 Cortinarius saginus DQ7928 Cortinarius norrlandicus 4 AY66952 Cortinarius populinus.5 AY66958 Cortinarius vacciniophilus 3 FJ39633 Cortinarius cf. variicolor.2 AF32566 Cortinarius sp. FJ77585 Cortinarius sp. AY74795 Cortinarius variicolor.9 AY669552 Cortinarius coalescens 2.78.42.2 AY669542 Cortinarius largus AY669543 Cortinarius patibilis AY66957 Cortinarius balteatoalbus AY66955 Cortinarius latobalteatus FJ77595 Cortinarius sp..65 AY669553 Cortinarius caligatus FJ39669 Cortinarius papulosus 7 AY66964 Cortinarius coelopus AY669644 Cortinarius sp..9.49 AY669567 Cortinarius borgsjoeensis AY7479 Cortinarius variiformis 8 AY669549 Cortinarius obsoletus EU56925 Cortinarius sp..89 FJ77596 Cortinarius variosimilis 9 FJ7759 Cortinarius sp..29 5 EU84636 Cortinarius magnivelatus FJ776 Cortinarius variosimilis AY7479 Cortinarius varius 2 AY669528 Cortinarius vinaceomaculatus AY74798 Cortinarius triumphans AY669557 Cortinarius pseudovulpinus FJ77593 Cortinarius sp. AY66969 Cortinarius austrosaginus AY6696 Cortinarius malvaceus EU82686 Cortinarius salor.8 FJ396 Cortinarius salor DQ652234 Cortinarius lustrabilis DQ29522 Cortinarius lividoochrascens AY669589 Cortinarius stillatitius GQ59859 Cortinarius cf. pseudosalor 5 FJ5776 Cortinarius cf. vanduzerensis EF4247 Cortinarius costaricensis DQ32895 Thaxterogaster sp. DQ32883 Thaxterogaster sp..66.25 DQ32889 Thaxterogaster sp..68 AY669629 Cuphocybe sp. AY669625 Cuphocybe sp. AY66967 Cortinarius basipurpureus DQ3288 Protoglossum violaceum 6 DQ295 Cortinarius trivialis.5 GQ59874 Cortinarius pingue 4 4 DQ2955 Cortinarius fennoscandicus.6 DQ2959 Cortinarius favrei.38 AF82796 Cortinarius trivialis DQ367896 Cortinarius collinitus DQ32899 Quadrispora sp. DQ32852 Thaxterogaster sp. DQ3284 Thaxterogaster piriformis.77 DQ32894 Quadrispora sp. DQ32858 Thaxterogaster sp. AF325568 Thaxterogaster redactus AF38923 Cortinarius cycneus.3 AF325577 Thaxterogaster porphyreus 8 AF38949 Cortinarius ombrophilus AY74782 Cortinarius infractus AY66966 Cortinarius quaresimalis DQ32825 Thaxterogaster sp..6.9 AF476988 ectomycorrhizal root.6 EU8265 Cortinarius sp. DQ4896 uncultured cf. Dermocybe FJ5738 Cortinarius cf. vibratilis.9 FJ77578 Cortinarius vibratilis EU82694 Cortinarius vibratilis.3.88 AF38942 Cortinarius pluvius DQ97879 Cortinarius crystallinus AF38943 Cortinarius croceocaeruleus FJ5733 Cortinarius muscigenus.28 FJ576 Cortinarius causticus DQ32869 Thaxterogaster sp..68.85 AF53975 Cortinarius caelicolor.68. AY66968 Cortinarius salmaster AY66965 Cortinarius erythraeus.49 AF53979 Cortinarius magellanicus AF38925 Cortinarius magellanicus AF243 Cortinarius radicatus FJ39664 Cortinarius vibratilis AY669623 Cortinarius subcastanellus. AY33 Cortinarius subcastanellus AY336 Cortinarius taylorianus 4 DQ328 Thaxterogaster sp..9 AY669638 Cortinarius cf. submeleagris.62 AY338 Cortinarius paradoxus. AY334 Cortinarius elacatipus.9.5 AY332 Cortinarius meleagris.9 AY33 Cortinarius meleagris.93 AY669577 Cortinarius similis.44 AY669575 Cortinarius caperatus AY669576 Cortinarius emodensis AY669649 Cortinarius fulvoiubatus AY669627 Cortinarius elaiochrous AY3399 Cortinarius elaiochrous.28 AY3397 Cortinarius alboroseus.85 AY6696 Cortinarius archeri.83 AF325556 Thaxterogaster violaceus EU84983 Protoglossum luteum.68.6 AY66966 Protoglossum luteum DQ32899 Thaxterogaster sp. AF3256 Cortinarius corrugatus.82 AY333 Cortinarius dulciolens AF3256 Cortinarius dulciolens 6 AF32563 Protoglossum sp..78 C.77 B A DQ49869_Laccaria_bicolor 6 4 3 2 Figure S3. Chronogram for Cortinarius. The time scale set to millions of years. MCC tree with median node heights based on the ITS region. The tree is spit into four parts, and connections between figures are indicated by the sub figure annotation at collapsed nodes. Node bars represent 95% credibility intervals for node heights. Numbers above branches represents posterior probabilities. Names of outgroup taxa are in gray. The root was assigned an age prior with mean 3 Ma (sd 6 Ma) and the split between Cortinarius aurilicis and Cortinarius iodes an age prior with mean 3 Ma (sd Ma). The cut off for OTUs was set to expected substitutions per site. MEDUSA indicated two rate changes (clades marked with gray backgound). The root was inferred to have a net diversification rate =. and relative extinction rate = ; the clade marked in figure A had a net diversification rate =.4 and relative extinction rate = ; the clade marked in figure C had a net diversification rate =.26 and relative extinction rate =.

DQ32863 Descomyces sp. DQ32868 Descomyces albus.46 DQ32829 Descomyces albus.38 AF325645 Descomyces albellus DQ32862 Timgrovea sp. DQ32869 Descomyces sp. DQ3286 Descomyces sp. DQ32863 Timgrovea sp. DQ3285 Descomyces sp. DQ3286 Timgrovea ferruginea AF325647 Descolea antarctica AF325644 Descomyces sp. DQ32875 Timgrovea sp. DQ32824 Setchelliogaster sp. DQ928 Descolea maculata AF32565 Descolea maculata AF325649 Descolea recedens AF325652 Descolea gunnii DQ32827 Timgrovea sp. DQ3288 Timgrovea sp..68 DQ32895 Timgrovea sp. DQ32867 Timgrovea sp. HQ728544 Descolea phlebophora AF325656 Descolea phlebophora.93 DQ32858 Descomyces angustisporus DQ32877 Descomyces sp. DQ32884 Setchelliogaster sp. Bolbitius vitellinus AF38933 Cortinarius iodes Cortinarius aurilicis 8 7 6 4 Figure S4. Chronogram for Descolea and allies. Time scale set to millions of years. MCC tree with median node heights based on the ITS region. Node bars represent 95% credibility intervals for node heights. Numbers above branches represents posterior probabilities. Names of outgroup taxa are in gray. The root was assigned an age prior with mean 83 Ma (sd 5 Ma) and the split between Cortinarius aurilicis and Cortinarius iodes an age prior with mean 3 Ma (sd Ma). The cut off for OTUs was set to 2 expected substitutions per site. 3 2

AY358 Hebeloma longicaudum.29 AF24683 Hebeloma crustuliniforme.69.26 AY39959 Hebeloma brunneifolium.4 AY38583 Hebeloma albocolossum 8 AJ9224 uncultured fungus AY32982 Hebeloma pusillum.36 AJ875387 uncultured fungus.26 AB2274 Hebeloma pusillum.5 AF24697 Hebeloma helodes AY356 Hebeloma helodes var. capitata.25 AY32393 Hebeloma subconcolor EU5767 Hebeloma hiemale FM239 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.79 AY39964 Hebeloma fragilipes AY3525 Hebeloma oculatum.26 AY32396 Hebeloma vaccinum.38 EU847262 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY32985 Hebeloma sacchariolens.66 AF2468 Hebeloma tomentosum AY3526 Hebeloma pallidoluctuosum AY9747 uncultured cf. Hebeloma AY3996 Hebeloma calyptrosporum AF24693 Hebeloma birrum AY39963 Hebeloma cylindrosporum AY3298 Hebeloma pumilum.7 DQ48994 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY32394 Hebeloma subsaponaceum.43 AF24698 Hebeloma edurum AY32987 Hebeloma senescens AF24675 Hebeloma danicum.45 AY278767 Hebeloma radicosum.43.72 AF43254 Hebeloma velutipes.66 FJ7749 Hebeloma sp..79 AY748855 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.32 EU346884 Hebeloma sp. AF24673 Hebeloma bulbiferum.45 FM992926 uncultured ectomycorrhiza DQ365636 Hebeloma incarnatulum AF4329 Hebeloma incarnatulum EU37577 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY38582 Hebeloma aestivale.5 AJ893225 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.24.69 AY39958 Hebeloma bruchetii.83 EF64429 uncultured ectomycorrhiza Hebeloma.45 AY352 Hebeloma marginatulum EF4557 Hebeloma mesophaeum.9 AY32986 Hebeloma saliciphilum AY32977 Hebeloma polare EU5777 Hebeloma cistophilum EF28766 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AF24682 Hebeloma sinapizans AF4763 Anamika indica.76 AY57599 Anamika angustilamellata AY88352 Anamika lactariolens AF2475 Hebeloma sarcophyllum.58.59 EU5794 Hebeloma cf. erumpens EU5785 Hebeloma erumpens.6.68 EU5783 Hebeloma sp. EU578 Hebeloma theobrominum.8 DQ82282 Hebeloma sp. EU577 Hebeloma sp. FM992925 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AM882885 Naucoria submelinoides AY3562 Hebeloma funariophilum.5 AJ875382 uncultured fungus AF325636 Hymenogaster griseus DQ447994 uncultured Agaricomycetes.7 EU78436 Hymenogaster griseus AF325637 Hymenogaster populetorum AY98956 Hymenogaster boozeri AY63436 uncultured ectomycorrhiza EU78436 Hymenogaster citrinus.66 AY35629 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY83349 uncultured basidiomycete.88 AF325639 Hymenogaster gardneri AF325638 Hymenogaster parksii AF32564 Hymenogaster subalpinus FJ78964 Hymenogaster sp..47 AY94532 Hymenogaster raphanodorus DQ32832 Hymenogaster australis EU784365 Hymenogaster vulgaris EU784359 Hymenogaster arenarius AF325633 Hymenogaster tener.56 AY3842 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.73.74 DQ32824 Hymenogaster arenarius.54 EU5548 uncultured fungus AF325632 Hymenogaster alnicola EU784364 Hymenogaster tener EU55477 uncultured fungus AY94533 Hymenogaster rubyensis EU554998 uncultured fungus EU784363 Hymenogaster tener.79 FM99374 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY94 Alnicola sp..65.6 AY954 Alnicola umbrina.29.37 AY93 Alnicola badia FM99324 uncultured ectomycorrhiza. FM993273 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY98 Naucoria escharoides FM99326 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.33 AY974 Alnicola sphagneti.59.2 AY988 Alnicola salabertii FM993246 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.58 AY973 Alnicola sp..25 AY987 Alnicola sp..24.65 AY99 Alnicola tantilla AY33584 Alnicola tantilla.8 AY989 Alnicola amarescens.22.45 AY3358 Alnicola amarescens AY33582 Alnicola geraniolens AY993 Alnicola cholea AF2472 Naucoria bohemica AY93 Alnicola macrospora AY995 Hebeloma submelinoides AY994 Hebeloma submelinoides EF43474 uncultured fungus EU5789 Naucoria celluloderma AY88348 Agrocybe praecox AM882996 Crepidotus mollis 7 6 4 3 Figure S5. Chronogram for Hebelomateae. Time scale set to millions of years. MCC tree with median node heights based on the ITS region. Node bars represent 95% credibility intervals for node heights. Numbers above branches represents posterior probabilities. Names of outgroup taxa are in gray. The root was assigned an age prior with mean 85 Ma (sd 4 Ma) and the split between Hebelomateae and Agrocybe an age prior with mean 6 Ma (sd 4 Ma). The cut off for OTUs was set to 5 expected substitutions per site. MEDUSA indicated one rate change (clade marked with gray backgound). The root was inferred to have a net diversification rate =. and relative extinction rate = ; the clade marked in gray had a net diversification rate =.27 and relative extinction rate =. 2

.49.65 EU486434 Laccaria montana AY82556 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.8 EF28783 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.84 EU89478 Laccaria laccata var. pallidifolia FJ68598 Laccaria sp..22.8 FJ6862 Laccaria sp. DQ4289 uncultured fungus.82.8 GQ25354 uncultured fungus DQ4986 Laccaria nobilis.25.36 FJ6863 Laccaria sp. EU59785 Laccaria bicolor EF644 Laccaria laccata.69 AB243 uncultured mycorrhiza AY88933 uncultured ectomycorrhiza 9 AB2273 Laccaria laccata EU89476 Laccaria amethystina 9 GQ2493 uncultured Laccaria AM3953 Laccaria amethystina 9.46.93 FN3934 uncultured Laccaria FJ686 Laccaria ochropurpurea.67 EF5394 Laccaria amethystina AM6523 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AB227 Laccaria murina.42 GQ2492 uncultured Laccaria.49 DQ49865 Laccaria montana DQ49864 Laccaria pumila.3 DQ4987 Laccaria pseudomontana.5 DQ974699 Laccaria cf. laccata GQ267477 Laccaria proxima GQ25355 uncultured fungus.58 AY72728 uncultured fungus AB45956 Laccaria vinaceoavellanea FJ68599 Hydnangium carneum.6 AJ69974 Laccaria laccata.23.9 EF6344 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.2 FJ68595 Hydnangium sp. FJ6866 Laccaria sp. DQ44393 Mythicomyces corneipes AF38933 Cortinarius iodes 9 8 7 6 4 Figure S6. Chronogram for Hydnangiaceae. Time scale set to millions of years. MCC tree with median node heights based on the ITS region. Node bars represent 95% credibility intervals for node heights. Numbers above branches represents posterior probabilities. Names of outgroup taxa are in gray. The root was given an age prior with mean 2 Ma (sd 7 Ma) and the split between Hydnangiaceae and Mythicomyces an age prior with mean 72 Ma (sd 7 Ma). The cut off for OTUs was set to expected substitutions per site. 3 2

.88 EU29245 Uncultured fungus.33 AF4327 Hygrophorus pustulatus.7 FJ96923 Uncultured ectomycorrhiza.53 DQ457678 Hygrophorus pudorinus.64 AY58666 Hygrophorus agathosmus.7 AF42562 Hygrophorus sordidus AY586663 Hygrophorus russula.7 FJ94324 Hygrophorus sp. EU7267 Uncultured Russulaceae.3 AY586662 Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus AF42623 Hygrophorus bakerensis FJ96924 Uncultured ectomycorrhiza DQ273522 Uncultured Hygrophoraceae AF43279 Hygrophorus eburneus.83 AF4328 Hygrophorus leucophaeus AF43273 Hygrophorus discoideus.37 DQ7733 Hygrophorus chrysodon DQ97489 Hygrophorus chrysodon AF43272 Hygrophorus capreolarius AY635769 Hygrophorus flavodiscus FJ62729 Hygrophorus sp. AY68467 Hygrocybe aff. conica AY635775 Agaricus bisporus 25. 75. Figure S7. Chronogram for Hygrophorus. Time scale set to millions of years. MCC tree with median node heights based on the nuclsu region. Node bars represent 95% credibility intervals for node heights. Numbers above branches represents posterior probabilities. Names of outgroup taxa are in gray. The root was assigned an age prior with mean 54 Ma (sd 2 Ma). The cut off for OTUs was set to expected substitutions per site. 25.

.7.33 8.6.86 2 B, C.75 JN642235 Inocybe sp. 5 EU6829 Inocybe sp. JN9752 Inocybe actinocephala EU685 Inocybe rimosa 5.55 AM88277 Inocybe perlata.57 AM882769 Inocybe obsoleta 2.4 JN9753 Inocybe umbrinella JN9754 Inocybe sp. JN97532 Inocybe sp.. EU6852 Inocybe rimosa JN9755 Inocybe fastigiata ss Kauffman.29 JN9756 Inocybe sp..22 AM882782 Inocybe flavella AM882774 Inocybe flavella EU522733 Inocybe sp..37 AM882776 Inocybe flavella.23.57 AM882784 Inocybe spuria AY3832 Inocybe cf. maculata EU689 Inocybe sp..56 EU55545 Inocybe sp..63 AM88278 Inocybe mimica AM882786 Inocybe cf. rimosa EF56633 Inocybe rimosa EU683 Inocybe sp..82 JN9757 Inocybe aff. nivevelata.28 EU6847 Inocybe rimosa.25 JN9758 Inocybe rimosa DQ7697 Inocybe rimosa.36 AM882765 Inocybe bulbosissima EU555466 Inocybe cf. renispora.2 AY73223 Inocybe sp. JN9759 Inocybe sp. JN975 Inocybe umbrinella JN975 Inosperma sp..47 JN9754 Inosperma aff. sororia EU6863 Inocybe sororia EU6853 Inocybe rimosa.34 AM882762 Inocybe rimosa JN9755 Inocybe aff. rimosa JN9756 Inocybe rimosa EU64546 Inocybe sp. AY2398 Inocybe ayangannae AY38386 Inocybe lilacinosquamosa.55 HQ234 Inocybe calamistrata var. mucidiolens AY3837 Inocybe hirsuta var. maxima.2.82 AM882944 Inocybe calamistrata AM882938 Inocybe calamistrata.64 5 EU569874 Inocybe misakaensis.8 JN9759 Inocybe aff. calamistrata.27.49 JN9752 Inocybe sp. JN9758 Inocybe calamistrata.6 AM882948 Inocybe calamistrata GQ892937 Inocybe sp. AY73222 Inocybe mutata.76.75 AM882945 Inocybe cf. calamistrata AM882939 Inocybe cervicolor.4.75 AF347 Inocybe cervicolor.24 AY38368 Inocybe calamistrata FJ6273 Inocybe aff. calamistrata 7.83 EU569854 Inocybe hirsuta var. maxima EU555454 Inocybe calamistrata JN9752 Inocybe apiosmota JN97522 Inocybe apiosmota EU555452 Inocybe calamistrata.89 EU684 Inocybe sp. JN97523 Inocybe aff. latericia AM88294 Inocybe bongardii JN97524 Inocybe latericia AY38369 Inocybe calamistratoides JN97533 Inocybe cyanotincta JN97525 Inocybe maculata.67 EU569868 Inocybe maculata.67 9 HQ2348 Inocybe curreyi ss Hesler AY38374 Inocybe fastiella AY7457 Inocybe maculata.59 EU569847 Inocybe fastiella JN97526 Inocybe maculata group JN97534 Inocybe lanatodisca AY38382 Inocybe lanatodisca AM882964 Inocybe maculata.4 GQ892938 Inocybe sp. AM88296 Inocybe quietiodor.85 EU5635 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.48 EF47792 uncultured ectomycorrhiza EU555463 Inocybe cf. reisneri AM882956 Inocybe cookei.9 AY724 Inocybe cookei AM882952 Inocybe cookei AM88276 Inocybe adaequata HQ2353 Inocybe jurana ss Hesler.55 AM88295 Inocybe erubescens EU6883 Inocybe sp. EU687 Inocybe sp. EU6885 Inocybe sp. JN97527 Inocybe regisii JN9757 Inocybe sp..65 EU693 Inocybe sp. EU569858 Mallocybe leucoblema AY3835 Mallocybe dulcamara AY38366 Mallocybe agardhii.8 EU569836 Mallocybe dulcamara.8 EU569834 Mallocybe dulcamara AY796 Mallocybe dulcamara.76 EU56987 Inocybe malenconii.38 AY384 Mallocybe sp. EU6834 Inocybe sp..64.22 AM882864 Mallocybe terrigena JN97528 Mallocybe sp..77 EU569844 Inocybe sp. EU56987 Inocybe sp. AY38379 Mallocybe heimii EU6877 Inocybe sp..84 AY38398 Mallocybe subtilisior JN97496 Mallocybe cf. subtilisior AY3838 Mallocybe jarrahae EU555446 Inocybe sp.75 AY3843 Mallocybe unicolor AF58622 Inocybe sp.79 AY38327 Mallocybe flavicothurnata AY38394 Mallocybe sp AM882866 Inocybe gymnocarpa.57 EU6879 Inocybe sp GU9794 Tubariomyces inexpectata.85 GU9792 Tubariomyces inexpectata EU569855 Tubariomyces inexpectata EU6887 Tubariomyces sp..7 AY38325 Auritella serpentinocystis AY38395 Auritella geoaustralis AY3837 Auritella dolichocystis AY635766 Auritella aureoplumosa GU62739 Auritella sp. AF25694 Crepidotus applanatus var. applanatus AY723 Cortinarius iodes A. 8 7 6 4 3 2

8.33 4 C.63.68 JN974976 Inocybe jacobi EU86785 uncultured fungus EU69943 uncultured fungus.8 AM88278 Inocybe petinosa AM8827 Inocybe subexilis GQ89296 Inocybe sp GQ892959 Inocybe sp.67.8.4 AF265 Inocybe petinosa FJ567525 uncultured basidiomycete EU37845 Inocybe subexilis AM88273 Inocybe nematoloma.83 FJ27485 uncultured Inocybe.77 GQ892977 Inocybe sp. JN974988 Inocybe sp. GQ89297 Inocybe sp..75 AY595 Inocybe sp. EU56984 Inocybe epidendron JN642237 Inocybe amazoniensis.48 JN64224 Inocybe pulchella.72 EU688 Inocybe xerophytica FN557549 uncultured ectomycorrhizal.88 EU555442 Inocybe aff. antillana.8 EU55544 Inocybe aff. antillana.84 AM882759 Inocybe calospora.37 AY3833 Inocybe calospora JN974989 Inocybe subfulva.32.7 AY38363 Inocybe sp. GQ892968 Inocybe sp. EU6884 Inocybe sp. EU569853 Inocybe glaucodisca EU555474 Inocybe sp. EU56986 Inocybe sp. GQ892962 Inocybe sp..6 GQ892963 Inocybe sp. GQ892973 Inocybe aff. hydrocybiformis GQ89297 Inocybe hydrocybiformis.29 GQ892964 Inocybe sp. EU569857 Inocybe lasseri GQ892967 Inocybe sp. GQ892949 Inocybe aff. sphaerospora 3 GQ892948 Inocybe sphaerospora 7 JN97499 Inocybe sp. JN97499 Inocybe sp. GQ892976 Inocybe sp. EU69 Inocybe sp. GQ89294 Inocybe sp. 7.6 EU6874 Inocybe sp. JN974992 Inocybe sp. JN97493 Inocybe sp. JN974932 Inocybe sp..46 AM88276 Inocybe calida GQ892955 Inocybe sp..55 GQ892956 Inocybe sp. GQ892958 Inocybe sp. 8 GQ892957 Inocybe sp. GQ892954 Inocybe sp. 5 EU6875 Inocybe sp. EU55547 Inocybe conspicuospora.69 EU69222 uncultured fungus AM882757 Inocybe sambucina.74 GQ892975 Inocybe sp. EU6838 Inocybe sp. GQ892952 Inocybe aff. pileosulcata GQ89295 Inocybe sp. AM882897 Inocybe asterospora.2 AY725 Inocybe aff. asterospora JN974975 Inocybe asterospora.68 AM882923 Inocybe acutella AY23924 Inocybe napipes AM882929 Inocybe assimilata.49.29 JN974974 Inocybe cf. umbrinous 5 EU6894 Inocybe sp. AM88293 Inocybe cf. assimilata JN974973 Inocybe cf. diminuta AM882846 Inocybe fibrosa AM882755 Inocybe soluta.53 AM882754 Inocybe subcarpta.48 JN974987 Inocybe soluta JN974986 Inocybe sp..8 AM88293 Inocybe subporospora.56 EU3788 Inocybe sp..44 HQ2342 Inocybe chalcodoxantha EU49963 Inocybe splendens 4.2 JN974927 Inocybe sp..28.88 JN974983 Inocybe graveolens JN974984 Inocybe sp. EU555456 Inocybe sp. EU6854 Inocybe scissa JN974985 Inocybe cf. scissa.8 JN974977 Inocybe albodisca.39 EU3789 Inocybe albodisca JN974978 Inocybe aff albodisca JN97498 Inocybe sp..6 JN974979 Inocybe albodisca JN97498 Inocybe fallax GQ892947 Inocybe sp..6 AY3839 Inocybe lanunosa AY23927 Inocybe teraturgus AY3832 Inocybe leptophylla.34 AM882789 Inocybe teraturgus JN974995 Inocybe sp. EU6844 Inocybe sp. AY3837 Inocybe cerasphora EU37838 Inocybe sp. AM88272 Inocybe praetervisa.87 JN974999 Inocybe praetervisa AM88272 Inocybe cf. praetervisa.24 AM88277 Inocybe saliceticola.36 JN97529 Inocybe sp. AM88275 Inocybe rennyi HQ6495 Inocybe cf. straminipes.84.88.66 JN974998 Inocybe aff. margaritispora HQ644 Inocybe aff. xanthomelas HQ235 Inocybe diabolica.25.78 EU37835 Inocybe intricata.3 HQ642 Inocybe rufofusca AY38322 Inocybe praetervisa.27 AM882724 Inocybe salicis FJ567238 uncultured basidiomycete EU37837 Inocybe sp. AM882722 Inocybe cf. asterospora.58 FM993253 uncultured ectomycorrhiza.57 GQ892974 Inocybe sp. EU6865 Inocybe sp. JN974996 Inocybe fuscescentipes.2 JN974997 Inocybe hebes AY3838 Inocybe lacera.65 AM882823 Inocybe lacera.8 AY748869 uncultured_ectomycorrhiza JN974993 Inocybe lacera.89 AM88282 Inocybe impexa 4.84.8 FJ566668 uncultured basidiomycete AM88285 Inocybe lacera var. helobia AY23922 Inocybe curvipes 6 JN974994 Inocybe crucifera.49 AY38399 Inocybe tahquamenonensis 2 AM88292 Inocybe pseudoasterospora AY7322 Inocybe tubarioides EU6897 Inocybe sp AY38324 Inocybe relicina A AF25694 Crepidotus applanatus var. applanatus AY723 Cortinarius iodes B 8 7 6 4 3 2

8.33 3 4 4 2 5.25 6.3 7.6.37.45.75 5.46.67.78.39.38.44.85.83 3.35.64.53.5 7.2.26..75.33.93 7.29.62.4 3 6.62.57 2.74.69.45.34.64.7.27.79.86.8.9.55.88.23.2.38.3 4 8 5 9.6 8.87.8.32.69.5.82.3.85.78.79.87.2 7 6.39.9 AM882735 Inocybe erinaceomorpha AY3834 Inocybe corydalina AM882738 Inocybe tricolor JN974963 Inocybe aff. corydalina AM882737 Inocybe haemacta AM882733 Inocybe pyriodora var. chamaesalicis AM88273 Inocybe incarnata AM88273 Inocybe fraudans EU433887 Inocybe fraudans FJ56788 uncultured basidiomycete FJ56753 uncultured basidiomycete EU522787 Inocybe sp. AM882978 Inocybe cf. phaeodisca FJ5683 uncultured basidiomycete FJ5665 uncultured basidiomycete JN974962 Inocybe langei AY383 Inocybe abietis JN97496 Inocybe sp. JN97496 Inocybe microlepidota AM882728 Inocybe griseolilacina AY38378 Inocybe griseolilacina EU37828 Inocybe griseolilacina AM88279 Inocybe squarrosa AM8828 Inocybe leptocystis EU522766 Inocybe sp. JN974969 Inocybe aff. hystrix AM8828 Inocybe hystrix AM88282 Inocybe obscurobadia JN974968 Inocybe aff. pallidobrunnea JN974967 Inocybe sp. AY3836 Inocybe godeyi JN974982 Inocybe stigmatospora JN974964 Inocybe sp. JN974965 Inocybe sp. AM882725 Inocybe melanopus AM88297 Inocybe glabripes AM88288 Inocybe cf. microspora DQ2735 uncultured Cortinariaceae EU49967 Inocybe catalaunica GQ9673 Inocybe leiocephala AY38383 Inocybe leiocephala EU522845 Inocybe sp. FJ56839 uncultured basidiomycete EU49968 Inocybe sp. JN97497 Inocybe aeruginascens AY53628 Inocybe alabamensis JN974928 Inocybe sp. EU56985 Inocybe sp. GQ892943 Inocybe sp. AY73229 Inocybe paludinella AM882798 Inocybe umbratica GQ892939 Inocybe sp. JN974929 Inocybe sp. GQ892978 Inocybe sp. FJ27477 uncultured Inocybe JN97493 Inocybe castanea AM882796 Inocybe cf. ambigua AM8828 Inocybe ambigua JN97498 Inocybe aff. fibrillosibrunnea EU37848 Inocybe fibrillosibrunnea EU555447 Inocybe sp. JN97499 Inocybe sp. JN97492 Inocybe sp. EU555443 Inocybe albovestita EU522755 Inocybe sp. EU555469 Inocybe cf. umbrosa JN974922 Inocybe sp. JN974923 Inocybe sp. EU555468 Inocybe cf. umbrosa AY38326 Inocybe sp. EU6837 Inocybe sp. JN97492 Inocybe sp. EU6859 Inocybe_aff. serrata JN97497 Inocybe aff. serrata EU6856 Inocybe serrata EU55546 Inocybe cf. murrayana EU569843 Inocybe sp. EU3785 Inocybe sp. EU555457 Inocybe sp. Inocybe sp. AM882827 Inocybe fibrosoides JN9753 Inocybe praetervisa group HQ642 Inocybe phaeosticta EU522868 uncultured fungus HQ646 Inocybe tabacina JN9752 Inocybe sp. EU3783 Inocybe fulineoatra EU37834 Inocybe sp. FJ56829 uncultured basidiomycete FJ568283 uncultured basidiomycete AM882834 Inocybe inodora JN9753 Inocybe sp. AY2399 Inocybe candidipes AY23923 Inocybe glabrodisca JN975 Inocybe sp. AM882967 Inocybe tenebrosa EU49967 Inocybe phaeoleuca FJ567 uncultured basidiomycete HQ6496 Inocybe ambigua JN974966 Inocybe sp. EU49968 Inocybe phaeoleuca FJ56727 uncultured basidiomycete EU4996 Inocybe splendens GQ892929 Inocybe splendens AY3839 Inocybe serotina EU49963 Inocybe splendens EU6895 Inocybe sp. JN974955 Inocybe pusio group EU522732 Inocybe sp. AM88283 Inocybe oblectabilis HQ6499 Inocybe cf. oblectabilis JN9753 Inocybe sp. EU569838 Inocybe emergens EU686 Inocybe sp. FJ56823 uncultured basidiomycete FJ56769 uncultured basidiomycete JN974925 Inocybe sp. JN974926 Inocybe sp. EU37827 Inocybe bakeri Inocybe cerea AY38385 Inocybe lilacina JN974949 Inocybe lilacina AF4266 Inocybe lilacina JN97495 Inocybe lilacina AM882873 Inocybe lilacina EF4789 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY38323 Inocybe pudica JN974952 Inocybe armeniaca JN97495 Inocybe geophylla JN974953 Inocybe geophylla AY38376 Inocybe fuscodisca AY38377 Inocybe geophylla AM882875 Inocybe lilacina AM882868 Inocybe posterula EF478 uncultured ectomycorrhiza AY3832 Inocybe agglutinata AY38367 Inocybe armeniaca AM882877 Inocybe geophylla JN974948 Inocybe kauffmani JN974954 Inocybe sp. EU522899 uncultured fungus FJ56687 uncultured basidiomycete EU3783 Inocybe queletii GQ892953 Inocybe sp. JN974947 Inocybe mytiliodora JN974946 Inocybe aff. mytiliodora AM882882 Inocybe ochroalba JN974945 Inocybe tenebrosa EU3784 Inocybe luteifolia AM882894 Inocybe fuscidula JN97494 Inocybe sp. EF4782 uncultured ectomycorrhiza FJ96928 uncultured ectomycorrhiza JN974939 Inocybe sp. HQ2227 Inocybe semifulva JN97494 Inocybe aff. flocculosa AY38375 Inocybe flocculosa JN974942 Inocybe inodora AY3839 Inocybe queletii AY38393 Inocybe sindonia EU4996 Inocybe aff. sindonia JN974944 Inocybe sp. JN974943 Inocybe sp. AM88285 Inocybe cincinnata EU522765 Inocybe sp. JN974935 Inocybe aff. cincinnata JN974936 Inocybe aff. pseudorachodes AY388643 Inocybe pusio HQ2345 Inocybe cinnamomea DQ97482 uncultured ectomycorrhiza JN974937 Inocybe sp. JN974938 Inocybe griseovelata AM882886 Inocybe fuscidula AY73228 Inocybe violaceocaulis AM88297 Inocybe aff. pseudoreducta AM882842 Inocybe cf. fuscidula FJ566934 uncultured basidiomycete EU522754 Inocybe sp. EU522782 Inocybe sp. AM88294 Inocybe cf. exilis AM882975 Inocybe cf. griseovelata AM882847 Inocybe nitidiuscula HQ2355 Inocybe laetior FJ56787 uncultured basidiomycete HQ64 Inocybe salicis-herbaceae JN974933 Inocybe citrifolia JN974934 Inocybe sp. AM88295 Inocybe muricellata EU522796 Inocybe sp. EU37826 Inocybe cf. hirtella AM882932 Inocybe hirtella AM882934 Inocybe hirtella JN974959 Inocybe sp. Inocybe praetervisa AY38387 Inocybe mixtilis AM882836 Inocybe mixtilis JN975 Inocybe aff. mixtilis AM882742 Inocybe giacomi AY2392 Inocybe chelanensis JN974958 Inocybe sp. FJ56735 uncultured basidiomycete FJ275 uncultured Inocybe AM882748 Inocybe tetragonospora AY23925 Inocybe sierraensis AM88275 Inocybe alpigenes JN974957 Inocybe sp. EU3784 Inocybe stellatospora AM882787 Inocybe leptophylla JN974924 Inocybe sp. EU56985 Inocybe sp. JN974972 Inocybe subochracea JN97497 Inocybe subochracea EU3784 Inocybe olympiana AY38397 Inocybe subochracea JN974956 Inocybe sp. AY38388 Inocybe nothopes AM882936 Inocybe pelargonium AY38389 Inocybe sp. B A AF25694 Crepidotus applanatus var. applanatus AY723 Cortinarius iodes C. 8 7 6 4 3 2 Figure S8. Chronograms for Inocybaceae (tree spitted in three parts A-C). Time scales are set in million years. MCC tree with median node heights based on the nuclsu region. Node bars represent 95% credibility intervals for node heights. Numbers above branches represents posterior probabilities. Names of outgroup taxa are in gray. The root was assigned an age prior with mean 93 Ma (sd 5 Ma) and the split between Inocybaceae and Crepidotus an age prior with mean 5 Ma (sd 2 Ma). The cut off for OTUs was set to expected substitutions per site..29.75.57 5.77.65.84.6.54.72.9 9.2.35.26.5.36.54.46.69.4.3 6.67 9.7.93..66.27.58 8.3.36.35.66