Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases

Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases Compiled by CABI in association with EPPO www.cabi.org/dmpd Map No. 655 Edition 2 Issued April 2012 Latham Fungi: Ascomycota: Capnodiales Hosts: beans (Phaseolus) and cowpea (Vigna). Present: national record Present: subnational record CABI/EPPO (2012). Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases No. 655. CABI Head Office, Wallingford, UK. ISSN 0012-396X CAB International 2012 CABI is a trading name of CAB International

Note: Syn. Pseudocercospora cruenta (Sacc.) Deighton (anamorph); Cercospora cruenta Sacc. See CM! Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 985. ASIA Bangladesh Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China Fujian Guangdong Guangxi Hebei Henan Hong Kong Hubei Hunan Jiangsu Jiangxi Jilin Nei Menggu Shaanxi Shandong X Khalil, M. I.; Jalaluddin, M. (2004) Bangladesh Journal of Plant Pathology 20, 63-66. Shaikh, M. A. Q.; Ahmed, Z. U.; Oram, R. N. (1988) Mungbean: Proceedings 2nd International Symposium, Bangkok, Thailand, 16-20 November 1987, 124-129. AVRDC, Taipei, Taiwan. IMI (1976) [Dhaka]. X Braun, U.; Sivapalan, A. (1999) Fungal Diversity 3, 1-27. [Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Peregrine, W. T. H.; Ahmad, K. B. (1982) Phytopathological Paper 27, 1-87. [On kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), yardlong bean (Vigna sesquipedalis), and cowpea (V. unguiculata). Source: IMI (1978). X Litzenberger, S. C.; Farr, M. L.; Lip, H. T. (1962) A preliminary list of Cambodian Plant Diseases. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 29 pp. [On yardlong bean (Vigna sesquipedalis) and soybean (Glycine max). Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1960) [Phnom Penh]; (1959) [Chamcar Krauch]. X Liu, X. J.; Guo, Y. I. (eds) (1998) Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 9. Pseudocercospora. Science Press, Beijing, China, 474 pp. [On Canavalia sp., bonavist-bean (Dolichos lablab), Phaseolus sp., and Vigna sp. Source: Teng, S. C. (1996) Fungi of China. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca, NY, USA, 586 pp. [Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Zhuang, W. Y. (ed) (2001) Higher Fungi of Tropical China. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca, NY, USA, 485 pp. [On threeleaf indigo (Indigofera trifoliata). Source: Zhuang, W. Y. (ed) (2005) Fungi of northwestern China. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca, NY, USA, 430 pp. [On sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) and locoweed (Oxytropis ochrocephala). Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Lu, B.; Hyde, K. D.; Ho, W. H.; Tsui, K. M.; Taylor, J. E.; Wong, K. M.; Yanna; Zhou, D. (2000) Checklist of Hong Kong Fungi. Fungal Diversity Press, Hong Kong, China, 207 pp. [On bonavistbean (Dolichos lablab). Source: Zhuang, W. Y. (ed) (2001) Higher Fungi of Tropical China. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca, NY, USA, 485 pp. [On bonavist-bean (Dolichos lablab). Source: IMI (1993) [Tai Lung Farm]; (1974) [Sheung Shui farm]; (1966) [Lan Fanshun]; (1965) [Ta Rwn Ling]. India Shanxi Sichuan Yunnan Zhejiang Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). Source: Pande, A.; Rao, V. G. (1998) A Compendium of Fungi on Legumes from India. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India, 188 pp. [On jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and Dolichos sp. Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Tiwari, A.; Kotasthane, S. R. (1986) Pesticides 20 (12), 47-48. Andhra Pradesh X Ram, M. R.; Mallaih, K. V. (1992) Indian Botanical Reporter 10 (1-2), 56-58. [First record on jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis).] Assam IMI (1991) [Guntur]. X Majid, S. (1953) Annual Report of the grow more food activities of the Department of Agriculture, Assam, for the years 1951-52. Part II., 112 pp. Bihar X IMI (1988) [Sheikhpur]; (1967) [Muraffarpur]; (1966) [Sabam Bhagalpur]; (1955) [Patna]. Chhattisgarh X IMI (1982). Delhi X Amin, K. S.; Baldev, B.; Williams, F. J. (1976) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 24 (2), 43-44. Arya, A. K.; Agarwal, D. K.; Sarbhoy, A. K.; Mahendra Pal (1997) Indian Phytopathology 50 (2), 206-215. BPI (1946) [New Delhi]. IMI (1970) [New Delhi]; (1932) [Pusa]. Haryana X Arya, A. K.; Agarwal, D. K.; Sarbhoy, A. K.; Mahendra Pal (1997) Indian Phytopathology 50 (2), 206-215. [Hisar.] Himachal Pradesh X Basandrai, D.; Basandrai, A. K.; Singh, I.; Kalia, V. (2003) Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 33 (1), 56-58. Bhardwaj, C. L.; Thakur, B. S.; Gupta, J. C.; Kishore, K. (2005) Integrated Plant Disease Management: challenging Problems in Horticultural and Forest Pathology, Solan, India, 14-15 November 2003, 305-309. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India. Bhardwaj, C. L.; Thakur, D. R. (2000) Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 70 (3), 165-167. Katna, G.; Rathee, V. K.; Verma, S. (2001) Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research 27 (1/2), 117-118. Jammu and X Singh, S. K.; Gupta, B. R.; Verma, V. S. (1994) Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 24 Kashmir (2), 139-140. Madhya Pradesh X IMI (1986). Manipur X IMI (1984) [Imphal]. Orissa X IMI (1964) [Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology campus]. Punjab X Sandhu, T. S.; Singh, K.; Singh, B. (1988) Mungbean: Proceedings 2nd International Symposium, Bangkok, Thailand, 16-20 November 1987, 29-34. AVRDC, Taipei, Taiwan. [Ludhiana.] Singh, K.; Khatri, H. L.; Bansal, R. D. (1975) Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 5 (1), 108, 116. Rajasthan X Mathur, A. K.; Chitale, K.; Gaur, V. K.; Tyagi, R. N. S. (1990) Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 19 (2), 213-214. Verma, P. R.; Patel, P. N.; (1969) Indian Phytopathology, 22 (1) 61-66. Tamil Nadu X Chandrasekaran, S.; Rangaswami, G. (1960) Indian Phytopathology 13 (1) 96-99. Page 2

Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Korea Republic - Malaysia Myanmar Oman Pakistan Kannaiyan, S.; Venkatarao, A.; Thangamani, G. (1974) Labdev Journal of Science and Technology B 12 (4), 150-151. Uttar Pradesh X Arya, A. K.; Agarwal, D. K.; Sarbhoy, A. K.; Mahendra Pal (1997) Indian Phytopathology 50 (2), 206-215. [Pantnagar and Almora.] Mittal, R. K. (1991) Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 21 (3), 283-284. [Kumaon Hills.] Mittal, R. K. (1999) Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 29 (1), 128-130. [Kumaon Hills.] Pant, D. C. (1989) Indian Phytopathology 42 (1), 187-188. [Varanasi.] Philippines Saudi Arabia West Bengal X Misra, D. K.; Bhattacharyya, P. (1999) Indian Agriculturist 43 (1/2), 61-65. Singapore Java Sumatra Peninsular Malaysia Sabah Sarawak IMI (1987); (1986) [Mankundu]; (1965) [Monteswar]. X X Mejaya, M. J. (1993) Agrivita 16 (1), 19-21. X Latham, D. H. (1934) Mycologia 26, 516-527. BPI (1919) [Soekosari]. X Ershad, D. (1977) Fungi of Iran. Pest and Disease Research Institute, Tehran, Iran, 10, 277 pp. IMI (1970) [Dezful]. X IMI (1975). X BPI (1924) [Kyoto]. X Cho, W. D.; Shin, H. D. (eds) (2004) List of Plant Diseases in Korea. Fourth edition. Korean Society of Plant Pathology, Suwon, Korea Republic, 779 pp. On adzuki bean (Phaseolus angularis) and kidney bean (P. vulgaris). Source: Shin, H. D.; Braun, U. (2000) Mycotaxon 74, 105-118. [Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] X Thompson, A.; Johnston, A. (1953) Mycological Papers 52, 1-38. On winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: X IMI (1956). Liu, P. S. W. (1977) Phytopathological Paper 21, 1-49. [Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Williams, T. H.; Liu, P. S. W. (1976) Phytopathological Paper 19, 1-67. On winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] IMI (1959) [Tawau]. X Turner, G. J. (1971) Phytopathological Paper 13, 1-55. On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: IMI (1959) [Sibu]. X Thaung, M. M. (1984) Mycotaxon 19, 425-452. On catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. catjang). Source: Thaung, M. M. (2008) Australasian Plant Pathology 37, 180-197. On catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. catjang). Source: IMI [Mandalay]. X IMI (1976). X Ahmad, S.; lqbal, S. H.; Khalid, A. N. (1997) Fungi of Pakistan. Sultan Ahmad Mycological Society of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan, 248 pp. On bonavist-bean (Dolichos lablab), Phaseolus sp., and catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. catjang). Source: Bashir, M.; Zubair, M.; Malik, B. A. (1988) Mungbean: Proceedings 2nd International Symposium, Bangkok, Thailand, 16-20 November 1987, 623-630. AVRDC, Taipei, Taiwan. Javed, M. S. (2000) Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 12 (1), 73. [First record.] Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. On hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus). Source: Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam AFRICA Angola Egypt Ethiopia Ghana Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mauritius X Elazegui, F. A.; Mew, T. W. (1987) Journal of Plant Protection in the Tropics 4 (2), 85-94. Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. On jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). Source: Teodoro, N. G. (1937) Technical Bulletin Department of Agriculture and Commodities Manila 4, 1-585. On mung bean (Phaseolus aureus). Source: Fungi (1913) [Maquiling Mountains, Luzon] X IMI (1966). Yen, J. M.; Lim, G. (1970) Cahier Pacifique 14, 87-103. On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: X Duan, J. X.; Wu, W. P.; Liu, X. Z. (2007) Fungal Diversity 26, 205-218. [Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Hsieh, W. H.; Chen, C. Y.; Wang, C. L. (2000) Taiwan Ascomycetes. Pyrenomycetes and Loculoascomycetes. China Graphics, Taichung, Taiwan, 244 pp. On Mucuna macrocarpa. Source: Hsieh, W. H.; Goh, T. K. (1990) Cercospora and similar Fungi from Taiwan. Maw Chang Book Co., Taipei, Taiwan, 376 pp. On bonavist-bean (Dolichos lablab). Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] CBS (2004) [Pingtung, Hengchun peninsula, Caopu]. Sinsiri, N.; Laohasiriwong, S. (2008) Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences (2008) 11 (12), 1576-1581. X Maxwell, A.; Jackson, S. L.; Dell, B.; Hardy, G. E. St. J. (2005) Mycological Research 109, 992-1004. On river redgum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis). Source: X Fahim, M.; Abdu, Y. A. M.; Karara, M. (1969) Journal of Phytopathology 1, 47-50. IMI (1980) [Al Qahirah]; (1968) [Kafr el-sheikh]. Mengistu, A.; Sinclair, J. B. (1979) Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1 (1), 48-58. BPI (1954) [Jimma, Kaffa Province]. X Piening, L. J. (1962) Bulletin of the Ministry of Agriculture, Ghana 2, 130 pp. IMI (1937). X IMI (1985). X Gillman, H. (1952) Report of the Department of Agriculture, Nyasaland, 1950, pp 36. Peregrine, W. T. H.; Siddiqi, M. A. (1972) Phytopathological Paper 16, 1-51. On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: Wiehe, P. O. (1953) Mycological Papers 53, 1-39. On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: X Orieux, L.; Felix, S. (1968) Phytopathological Paper 7, 1-48. On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: Ragazzi, A.; Marino, M. (1990) Rivista di Agricultue Subtropicale e Tropicale 84, 171-184. On soybean (Glycine max). Source: Page 3

Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sierra Leone South Africa Sudan Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia NORTH AMERICA Mexico USA Wiehe, P. O. (1948) Mycological Papers 24, 1-39. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: BPI (1924) [Reduit]. X IMI (1983). X Ajibade, S. R.; Amusa, N. A. (2001) Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment 3 (2), 246-253. [Southwest.] Awurum, A. N. (2000) Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment 2 (1), 128-133. [Umudike.] Awurum, A. N.; Emechebe, A. M.; Amadioha, A. C. (2001) Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment 3 (1), 31-38. [Umudike.] Fajola, A. 0. (1978) Nova Hedwigia 29, 912-921. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: X IMI (1985) [Kigali]. X Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and C. obtusifolia. Source: IMI (1937) [East]; (1934) [South]. Crous, P. W.; Braun, U. (1996) Mycotaxon 57, 233-321. [Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Crous, P. W.; Phillips, A. J. L.; Baxter, A. P. (2000) Phytopathogenic Fungi from South Africa. Department of Plant Pathology Press, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 358 pp. [On kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Source: Gorter, G. J. M. A. (1977) Republic of South Africa, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Plant Protection Research Institute, Science Bulletin 392, 1-177. [Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] X Tarr, S. A. J. (1955) The Fungi and Plant Diseases of the Sudan. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, UK, 127 pp. X Arya, A. K.; Agarwal, D. K.; Sarbhoy, A. K.; Pal, M. (1997) Indian Phytopathology 50, 206-215. [Source: Riley, E. A. (1960) Mycological Papers 75, 1-42. [On mung bean (Phaseolus aureus), scarlet runner (P. coccineus), black gram (P. mungo), and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] IMI (1990) [Mtanga Twani, Pemba Island]. X IMI (1975). IMI (1992) [Masindi]. X Kannaiyan, J.; Greenberg, D. C.; Haciwa, H. C.; Mbewe, M. N. (1987) Tropical Grain Legume Bulletin 34, 23-26. X Alvarez, M. G. (1976) Fitofilo 71, 1-169. [Source: McGuire, J. U. Jr.; Crandall, B. S. (1967) Survey of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases of selected Food Crops of Mexico, Central America and Panama. International Agricultural Development Service, ARS, USDA-AID, USA, 157 pp. [Source: pp. [Source: Fery, R. L.; Dukes, P. D. (1977) HortScience 12 (3), 234. Hall, R. (1991) Compendium of Bean Diseases. APS Press, USA. Alabama Arkansas Delaware District of Columbia pp. [On tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Source: Blain, W. L. (1931) Mycologia 23, 300-304. [On soybean (Glycine max). Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1935) [Tuskegee]; (1905) [Auburn]. pp. [On catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica) and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Source: BPI (1943) [Stuttgart]; (1916) [Fayetteville]. pp. [On catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica). Source: BPI (1923) [Georgetown]; (1891) [Newark]. X BPI (1924). Florida X Alfieri, S. A. Jr.; Langdon, K. R.; Wehlburg, C.; Kimbrough, J. W. (1984) Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industries Bulletin 11, 1-389. [On kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Source: Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 pp. [On Asian pigeonwings (Clitoria ternatea) and catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica). Source: BPI (1943) [Quincy, ]; (1895) [Defuniak]; (1824) [Lake City]. Georgia pp. [On soybean (Glycine max) and velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis). Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Hanlin, R. T. (1963) Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station Mimeo Series ns 175, 1-65. [On soybean (Glycine max), kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis), and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: Sumner, D. R.; Smittle, D. A. (1979) HortScience 14 (3), 266-268. [Tifton.] Toler, R. W.; Thompson, S. S.; Barber, J. M. (1963) Plant Disease Reporter 47, 746-747. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: Hawaii X Raabe, R. D.; Conners, I. L.; Martinez, A. P. (1981) College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii Information Text Series 22, 1-313. [Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Illinois pp. [On amberique-bean (Strophostyles helvola). Source: Schneider, R. W.; Williams, R. J.; Sinclair, J. B. (1976) Phytopathology 66 (4), 384-388. BPI (1886) [Chandlerville]. Iowa pp. [On tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Source: Kansas pp. [On tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Louisiana pp. [On catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica). Source: Maryland IMI (1886) [Pont a la Hache]. X Zaumeyer, W. J.; Thomas, R. H. (1957) A Monographic Study of Bean Diseases and Methods for their Control. USDA Technical Bulletin 868, 1-255. BPI (1948) [Beltsville]. Mississippi pp. [On black gram (Phaseolus mungo) and soybean (Glycine max). Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Page 4

Missouri New Jersey North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia Wisconsin CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN Barbados Costa Rica Page 5 Parris, G. K. (1959) Mississippi State University, Botany Department Miscellaneous Publication 1, 1-146. [On black gram (Phaseolus mungo), mung bean (P. radiatus), kidney bean (P. vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and soybean (Glycine max). Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1926) [McNeill]; (1920) [Biloxi]; (1893) [Starkville]; (1891) [Ocean Springs]. IMI (1881) [Starkville]. pp. [On tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Source: pp. [On tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Source: Zaumeyer, W. J.; Thomas, R. H. (1957) A Monographic Study of Bean Diseases and Methods for their Control. USDA Technical Bulletin 868, 1-255. IMI (1889) [New Brunswick]. X Grand, L. F. (ed) (1985) North Carolina Agricultural Research and Services, Technical Bulletin 240, 1-157. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: http://ntars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1909) [Old Fort]; (1909) [West Raleigh]; (1907) [High Point]. X BPI (1909) [Oxford]. pp. [On kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Source: Preston, D. A. (1945) Oklahoma Agricultural College, Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin T-21, 1-168. [On sieva bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: BPI (1942) [Stillwater]. pp. [On tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and black gram (Phaseolus mungo). Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Chupp, C. (1953) Monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora. Chupp, Ithaca, NY, USA, 667 pp. [Source: Fery, R. L.; Dukes, P. D. (1977) HortScience 12, 454-456. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: Fery, R. L.; Dukes, P. D.; Cuthbert, F. P. Jr. (1976) Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 101 (2), 148-149. pp. [On catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica). Source: pp. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1949) [Edcouch, Hidalgo County]; (1944) [Rusk County]; (1937) [Cherokee]; (1910) [San Antonio]. pp. [On yardlong bean (Vigna sesquipedalis). Source: BPI (1947) [Arlington]; (1927) [Montrose]; (1916) [Prince George]. pp. [On kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Source: X Norse, D. (1974) Phytopathological Paper 18, 1-38. [On yardlong bean (Vigna sesquipedalis) and cowpea (V. unguiculata). Source: BPI (1945). X BPI (1949) [Turrialba]. Cuba Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Nicaragua Panama Puerto Rico St Lucia St Vincent and - Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago X Arnold, G. R. W. (1986) List of Phytopathogenic Fungi of Cuba. Ministerio de Cultura Editorial Cientifico-Tecnica, Habana, Cuba, 207 pp. [On bonavist-bean (Dolichos lablab) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F.; Braun, U. (1989) Cryptog. Bot. 1, 42-55. [Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On wild bushbean (Macroptilium lathyroides). Source: Urtiaga, R. (2004) Index of Plant Diseases in Venezuela and Cuba. Second Edition. 301 pp. [On wild bushbean (Macroptilium lathyroides). Source: X Ciferri, R. (1929) Series B Botany, Estacion Agronomica de Moca 14, 1-260. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: Ciferri, R. (1961) Quaderno 19, 1-539. [Source: http://ntars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1925) [Haina]. MA-Funhist (1925) [Haina]. X McGuire, J. U. Jr.; Crandall, B. S. (1967) Survey of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases of selected Food Crops of Mexico, Central America and Panama. International Agricultural Development Service, ARS, USDA-AID, USA, 157 pp. [Source: X Baker, R. E. D.; Dale, W. T. (1948) Mycological Papers 25, 1-26. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: IMI (1946). X IMI (1977). X IMI (1947). X McGuire, J. U. Jr.; Crandall, B. S. (1967) Survey of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases of selected Food Crops of Mexico, Central America and Panama. International Agricultural Development Service, ARS, USDA-AID, USA, 157 pp. [Source: X Larter, L. N. H.; Martyn, E. B. (1943) Mycological Papers 8, 1-16. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On wild bushbean (Macroptilium lathyroides). Source: IMI (1962) [Trelawny]; (1961) [St. Catherine]. X Litzenberger, S. C.; Stevenson, J. A. (1957) Plant Disease Reporter (Suppl.) 243, pp 19. BPI (1956) [Managua]; (1956) [La Calera, near Managua]. X Piepenbring, M. (2006) Puente Biologica 1, 1-190. [Source: X Anon. (2011) Widely Prevalent Fungi of the United States. University of Georgia, Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health, Georgia, USA. http://www.prevalentfungi.org. Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On wild bushbean (Macroptilium lathyroides). Source: Vakili, N. G. (1977) Tropical Agriculture 54 (1), 69-76. IMI (1973) [Mayaguez]. X Baker, R. E. D.; Dale, W. T. (1948) Mycological Papers 25, 1-26. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: IMI (1934). X Baker, R. E. D.; Dale, W. T. (1948) Mycological Papers 25, 1-26. [St. Vincent. On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: IMI (1946) [St. Vincent]. X Baker, R. E. D.; Dale, W. T. (1951) Mycological Papers 33, 1-123. [On jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and bonavist-bean (Dolichos lablab). Source: Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). Source: BPI (2003) [Valsayn]; (1922) [St. Augustine].

United States Virgin Islands SOUTH AMERICA IMI (2003) [Valsayn]; (2002) [Valsayn]. X Stevenson, J. A. (1975) Contributions Reed Herbarium 23, 743. [On wild pea (Phaseolus adenanthus), sueva bean (P. lunatus var. macrocarpus), kidney bean (P. vulgaris), Antilles bean (Vigna antillana), and cowpea (V. unguiculata). Source: Argentina - X Wellman, F. L. (1977) Dictionary of Tropical American Crops and their Diseases. Scarecrow Press Inc., Metuchen, New Jersey, USA, 495 pp. Bolivia X Alandia, S.; Bell, F. H. (1957) Diseases of warm climate crops in Bolivia. Plant Protection Bulletin, FAO 5 (11), 172-173. Farr, M. L.; Stevenson, J. A. (1963) Sydowia 17, 37-69. [On Mucuna sp. Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1952) [General Saavedra, Santa Cruz Department]. IMI (1982). Brazil X Crous, P. W.; Braun, U. (1996) Mycotaxon 57, 233-321. [Source: http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Mendes, M. A. S.; Silva, V. L. da; Dianese, J. C. et al. (1998) Fungi on Plants in Brazil. Embrapa- SPI/Embrapa-Cenargen, Brasilia, Brazil, 555 pp. [On yardlong bean (Vigna sesquipedalis). Source: Bahia X IMI (1979). Ceara X IMI (1978). Minas Gerais X Muller, A. S. (1934) International Bulletin of Plant Protection 8 (9), 193-198. Para X IMI (1973) [Belem]. Colombia X Skiles, R. L.; Cardona-Alvarez, C. (1959) Phytopathology 49, 133-135. Guyana X IMI (1973). Suriname X Del Prado, F. A. (1966) Meded. Landb. Proefstn. Suriname 37, 40 pp. Venezuela X Urtiaga, R. (1986) Index of Plant Diseases in Venezuela and Cuba. Impresos en Impresos Nuevo Siglo SRL, Barquisimeto, Venezuela, 202 pp. [On sweet marjoram (Majorana hortensis). Source: OCEANIA American Samoa Australia Fiji Queensland IMI (1976). X Brooks, F. (2006) List of Plant Diseases in American Samoa 2006. Land Grant Technical Report No. 44. American Samoa Community College Land Grant Program, Pago Pago, American Samoa, 59 PP. McKenzie E. H. C. (1996) South Pacific Commission Information Documentation, Technical Paper 206, 1-77. [On notched cowpea (Vigna marina) and cowpea (V. unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis). Source: PDD (1989) [Malaeimi Valley, Tutuila Island]; (1989) [Ta'u, Manua Island]. X Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On zombi pea (Vigna vexillata). Source: WAHerb (1993). [As Pseudocercospora cruenta.] X IMI (1987). Firman, I. D. (1972) Phytopathological Paper 15, 1-36. [On mung bean (Phaseolus aureus), sieva bean (P. lunatus), and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: Morwood, R. B. (1956) Agriculture Journal of Fiji 27 (3-4), 83-86. PDD (2002) [Sigatoka Valley, Viti Levu Island]; (2002) [Nadi, Viti Levu Island]. French Polynesia Nauru New Caledonia Niue Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands - Tonga X Hammes, C.; Chant, H.; Mu, L. (1989) Manuel de defense des cultures en Polynesie Frangaise. Institut Francais de Recherche Scientifique pour le Developement en Cooperation. Notes et documents No 3. pp 304. X PDD (1980). X Bugnicouet, F.; Cohic, F.; Dadant, R. (1951) A catalogue of the animal and plant parasites of the cultivated plants of New Caledonia, pp 120. Kohler, F. (1985) (Pathogens and physiological diseases of cultivated plants in New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna Islands.) Laboratoire de Phytopathologie, ORSTOM Centre de Noumea, New Caledonia, 46 pp. PDD (1975) [Vam]. X Sivanesan, A. (1990) IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria No. 985. CABI Bioscience, Egham, Surrey, UK. PDD (1977) [Asau, Savai'i Island]; (1977) [Lepea, Upolu Island]; (1977) [Siumu, Upolo Island]; (1975) [Alaf ua, Upolu Island]. X Johnston, A. (1960) A preliminary plant disease survey in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. FAO, Rome, Italy, 36 pp. McKenzie, E. H. C.; Jackson, G. V. H. (1986) The fungi, bacteria and pathogenic algae of Solomon Islands. Strengthening Plant Protection and Root Crops Development in the South Pacific. FAO. RAS/83/001, Field Document 11. Suva, Fiji. 282 pp. IMI (1960) [Tasia, Santa Isabel Island]; (1959) [Gizo, Ghizo Island]; 1959 [Auki, Malaita Island]; (1959) [Horara, Santa Isabel Island]. PDD (1980) [New Georgia, New Georgia Islands]; (1980) [Nendo, Santa Cruz Islands]; (1980) [Makira Island]; (1978) [Black Post, Guadalcanal Island]. PDD (1975) [Tongatapu]; (1975) [Nomuka]; (1975) [Vava'u]. The records from BPI, MA-Funhist, PDD, WAHerb and CBS refer to specimens in the US National Fungus Collections, the Real Jardin Botanico, Madrid, the New Zealand National Fungal Herbarium, the Western Australia Herbarium and NLBIF, the Netherlands, respectively (accessed through GBIF Data Portal, www.gbif.net, 2 February 2012). The Herb. IMI specimen reference for Canada in the previous edition may refer to New Brunswick, New Jersey thus this reference is deemed unreliable. The original record for Somalia cannot be traced and may be erroneous. Page 6