' UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE sugar and sweetener ~LB'-PT ~- MANN LI3RARY In ~.&.. "J. v Jt1"'1J3" S P 20 1977 report SSR-Vol. 2, No.9 SEPTEMBER 1977 Commodity Economics Division ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE 500-12th St., SW Tel. (202) 447 7290 Fruit and Vegetable Division AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE 2509 S. Agriculture Bldg. Tel. (202) 447-6592 Sugar and Tropical Products Division FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICE 6095 S. Agricultural Bldg. Tel. (202) 44 7-2916
0. 0... Sugar: World and U.S. situation at a glance Item Unit 1974 I 1975 I 1976 World 1 Production...... Mil. tons, raw value 86.8 90.4 95.4 Consumption................ do. 88.2 89.1 91.3 Ending stocks........ 0 do. 17.7 19.0 23.1 u.s. 2 Production 3 Beet 0 Thou. tons, raw value 3,221 3,473 4,003 Cane 4... 0... do. 2,442 2,829 2,797 Consumptl o n 3 do. 10,946 10,304 10,895 Total...... Per capita.................... Pounds, refined 96.6 90.2 94.7 Ending stocks 3 Beet 0 0 0 Thou. tons, raw value 1,406 1,596 1,777 Cane 4..... 0... do. 1,448 1,260 1, 721 u.s. Imports 0 0 0 do. 5,770 3,882 4,658 Prices World, stowed Caribbean 1975 1 1976 I 1977 April...................... Cts. per lb., raw sugar 24.06 14.06 10.12 May 0.......... do. 17.38 14.58 8.94 June..................... do. 13.83 12.99 7.82 July...................... do. 17.06 13.21 7.38 New York spot April..... 0. May... 0.. June 0.. do. 26.07 15.58 12.57 do. 19.27 15.97 11.34. do. 15.96 14.40 10.28 July.................... do. 19.89 14.59 10.16 April........ Cts. per lb. wholesale refined 37.01 21.41 18.52 May..... 0 do. 32.23 21.87 17.52 June..... do. 25.57 20.22 16.40 July...................... 0 do. 26.89 20.46 16.13 Northeast, cane Chicago-West beet do. 30.80 18.30 16.33 April.......... May... do. 25.33 18.68 15.68 June....... do. 21.14 18.47 14.41 July.................. 0 do. 22.17 18.76 13.62 1 Year beginning September 1. 2 Calendar year. 3 Preliminary for 1976. 4 1ncludes Hawaii. YOU'RE INVITED Don't miss the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food and Agricultural Outlook Conference, Nov. 14-17, in Washington, D.C. You're invited to attend and actively participate in this year's proceedings which have been restructured to allow more time for questions and answers. So be there and join in when we preview the 1978 outlook for agriculture with leading authorities who will help you size up next year's uncertainties. You'll benefit from the latest thinking in outlook sessions on the U.S. agricultural and general economies, world trade, weather, retail food supplies and prices, implications of new farm and food policy, farm inputs, food marketing and distribution, and the major farm commodities, including sugar and sweeteners. This year, there will also be sessions on how outlook information is derived, and on natural resources and the environment. Or, if consumer affairs are your bread-and-butter, attend the family living sessions for the latest on prospects for legislation, clothing, housing, health care, and food consumption. The Sugar and Sweetener Outlook Session is tentatively scheduled for the afternoon of Monday, November 14. Topics will likely include the World Situation and Outlook, the U.S. Situation and Outlook, U.S. Sugar Policy, and comments on an International Sugar Agreement. Hopefully, we'll have coffee available for those who would like to stay after the formal session is over. For a schedule of the Conference, call (202) 447-7255 or write: U.S. Department of Agriculture, ERS-Division of Information, Room 0054, South Building, Washington, D.C. 20250. 2 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
In This Issue SITUATION AND OUTLOOK Principal contributors: Fr,f!d Gray and Thomas Little, Economic Research Service Leslie Hurt and Gordon Patty, Foreign Agricultural Service Page Summary............... Sweetener Outlook of 1977........ Sugar: Foreign Agricultural Service The World Situation...... 4 5 7 Economic Research Service The U.S. Situation........................................................... 8 Prices................................................................ 8 Production............................................................. 8 Foreign Trade.............................................................. 11 Domestic Utilization....................................................... 11 Stocks................................................................. 13 Com Sweeteners............................................................. 13 Sweetener Containing Products................................................... 14 Other Sweeteners........................................................... 16 Honey... 16 Maple Sirup............................................................... 16 Saccharin.............................................................. 17 Sweetener by products......................................................... 17 MARKET NEWS Principal contributors: james R. Thorpe and Douglas M. Edwards Sugar Market Highlights.......................................................... 47 Statistical Series............................................................... 47 SWEETENER PUBLICATIONS Compiled by: Larry C. Larkin An'notated Review... 57 The Sugar and Sweetener Report is published monthly. This issue is approved by: The World Food and Agricultural Outlook and Situation Board The Summary was released on August 30, 1977 Prepared by Commodity Economics Division Economic Research Service Fruit and Vegetable Division Agricultural Marketing Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C. 20250 Sugar and Tropical Products Division Foreign Agricultural Service SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 3
SITUATION AND OUTLOOK--------- Sugar and Tropical Products Division Commodity Economics Division Principal Contributors: Fred Gray and Thomas W. Little (ERS) Leslie Hurt and Gordon Patty (FAS) Foreign Agricultural Service Economic Research Service SUMMARY Larger World Sugar Crop. Domestic Price Support Program Pending World sugar production for the September August 1977178 crop year is forecast at around 89 million metric tons (raw value), up from the revised 86.6-million-ton estimate for 1976177. Depending on weather during the remainder of the 1977178 growing season and during harvest, the crop could range from 87 to 91 million metric tons. This would be well above expected 1977178 world consumption of around 85 million metric tons, indicating a further buildup in world stocks. While prices strengthened slightly in July and August, both world and U.S. raw sugar prices have been below production costs reported for many countries for several months. As the harvest gets underway and firmer estimates of yields and sucrose recovery become available, world prices will more clearly reflect expectations for the 1977 I 78 crop. With a further increase in stocks expected, world sugar prices would continue under pressure of large supplies. Concern about effects of persistently low prices on the domestic industry and its viability has elicited price support proposals to provide interim support for the domestic industry, while negotiations on and implementation of an International Sugar Agreement (ISA) take place. ISA negotiations scheduled for September 12-30 in Geneva, Switzerland will seek agreement on a mechanism which would, upon implementation, reduce the instability of the world sugar market. House and Senate conferees have agreed in principle on a new 4-year farm bill, the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977. The provisions concerning sugar in the bill, which awaits approval after Congress reconvenes on September 6, include: (1) Price support for the 1977 and 1978 crops through loans and purchases at a level not more than 65 percent nor or less than 52.5 percent of parity, but not less than 13.5 cents per pound (raw sugar equivalent). (2) Suspension of the program by the Secretary of Agriculture at such time as he determines there is an International Sugar Agreement which would maintain a U.S. raw sugar price of at least 13.5 cents per pound. (3) Establishment of minimum wage rates for agricultural employees engaged in the production of sugar. Another provision on sugar would authorize the Secretary of Agriculture, under existing authority, to provide interim support for that portion of the 1977 crop of sugarcane and sugarbeets marketed prior to the implementation of loans or purchases. If the pending farm bill is enacted and a pto gram of loans or purchases is implemented this fall, the current world sugar supply-demand situ ation may necessitate restricting U.S. imports through tariffs or quotas to hold down program costs. U.S. sugar imports for the first half of this year were up 14 percent from the first half of 1976. Imports for calendar 1977 are now expected to total between 4.8 and 5.2 million tons in contrast to 4.7 million tons in 1976. U.S. imports for July 1976 through June 1977 totaled nearly 5 million tons. The possibility of a domestic price support program and higher import duties or import quotas is now encouraging larger imports. U.S. sugar production estimates for 1977178 indicate a market decline in beet sugar production from last year. Indicated sugarbeet acreage for harvest of 1.24 million acres is down 16 percent. August yield estimates and a sucrose recovery rate of about 13 percent (raw value) indicate a crop of 3 to 3-1/3 million tons. Relatively favorable weather would result in a cane sugar outturn of about 2.7 million short tons (raw value)-largely unchanged from a year ago. Domestic sugar deliveries through August totaled over 7.5 million short tons, raw value, up over 2 percent from 7.34 million tons for the same period in 1976. Thus, calendar 1977 deliveries are likely to total about 11 million short tons, up slightly from 1976. In calendar 1977, high fructose com sirup ship ments are expected to total nearly a million short tons (dry basis), up noticeably from 750,000 tons in 1976. Dextrose shipments for food use may total 4 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
around 500,000 tons, unchanged from last year. And conventional corn sirup shipments could approach 2 million tons (dry basis)-up slightly from last year. The third quarter is usually the largest quarter of the year for both high fructose and regular corn sirup deliveries. SUGAR THE WORLD SUGAR OUTLOOK FOR 1977 1 Production Prospects for Larger World Crop, But Smaller Increase Than In 1976/77 A 1977178 world sugar crop of 89 million metric tons (raw value) is now in prospect if midsummer growing conditions persist in major producing areas. Depending on weather during the remainder of the growing season and during harvest, the 1977178 crop could range from 87 to 91 million metric tons. An outturn of 89 million tons, if realized, would be 3 percent larger than the revised 1976177 estimate of 86.6 million metric tons and would place production well above estimated 1977178 world consumption of 84.8 million tons. As indicated in the accompanying table, a further buildup in world stocks seems likely. Beet sugar production will likely be up in France, West Germany, and England and somewhat lower in Italy, Spain, and the United States. U.S. beet plantings for the 1977178 harvest are down 16 percent from a year earlier. In Europe, beet acreage is reportedly down about 1 percent. However, in 'Values shown in "The World Sugar Outlook" for 1977 are metric units. To convert metric tons to short tons, multiply metric tons by the factor 1.1023. The years discussed here are on a September/ August basis, but also include the outturn of sugar from the harvest campaigns of Southern Hemisphere countries which begin before s~~m~~.. Western Europe, weather generally has been good, and midsummer sugarbeet growth and stands are much better than a year ago. However, relatively low sucrose content, due to late plantings, have been reported. Low sucrose in midsummer is not necessarily ominous since rainfall, sunshine, and warm temperatures in adequate proportions can bring about recovery in sucrose levels and produce beets with average or above average sucrose content by harvest. Some improvement in sucrose content has been reported in early August. With improvement in processing and recovery rates in the Soviet Union, world beet sugar production is expected to be up noticeably in 1977178. Alternatively, even if the 1977178 world crop totals 87 million tons-at the lower end of the projected range-stocks would likely increase by about 2 million tons. Thus, it does not seem likely that world sugar prices will increase significantly in the next several months. A larger 1977178 crop would increase the likelihood of a significant addition to world stocks and put further downward pressure on sugar prices in the world free market. Even though world sugarcane acreage in 1977 I 78 is not expected to differ greatly from 1976177, production in most Southern Hemisphere countries is expected to be up. A significantly larger harvest is anticipated in Brazil. Smaller harvests are anticipated in Australia and the Philippines. The Philippine industry is reportedly cutting acreage and inputs because of low prices. Definitive cane production data are not readily available for Cuba or the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). Shortfalls in Supply and utilization estimates, 1977, with below average, average, and above average sugar production from the 1977/78 world acreage Production Consumption Ending stocks Ending Sugar Change Change Change stocks as production from from from a percent (outturn) 1 Cane Beet Total previous Total previous Total previous of conyear year year sumption Million metric tons Percent Below average 0 53.0 34.0 87.0.4 84.8 2.0 28.3 2.2 27.5 Average...... 54.0 35.0 89.0 2.4 84.8 2.0 25.3 4.2 29.8 Above average.... 55.0 36.0 91.0 4.4 84.8 2.0 27.3 6.2 32.2 1 Crop year September/August. Crop yield and sucrose recovery levels which would combine to produce below average, average and above average, World production levels are Implicitly assumed. Source: ERS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 5
Table S-1-Sugar: World production, consumption, and stocks, raw value, 1970-76 1 Crop year I Production Consumption Ending stocks Ending stocks as I I Change 1 Change I Change a percent Cane Beet Total from pre- Total from pre- Total from pre- of convlous year vlous year vlous year sumptlon Million short tons Percent 1970--------- 45-7 32.0 77.7-1.7 80.2 2.1 22.9-2.5 28.55 1971... 44.1 33.7 77.8.1 82.6 2.4 18.1-4.8 21.91 1972... 49.4 33.2 82.6 4.8 83.2.6 17.5 -.6 21.03 1973... 52.8 36.0 88.8 6.2 87.2 4.0 19.1 1.6 21.90 1974... 54.9 31.9 86.8-2.0 88.2 1.0 17.7-1.4 20.07 1975... -... 54.8 35.6 90.4 3.6 89.1.9 19.0 1.3 21.32 1976 2-58.4 37.0 95.4 5.0 91.3 2.2 23.1 4.1 25.30 Million metric tons Percent 1970... -. 41.5 29.0 70.5-1.6 72.8 2.0 20.8-2.3 28.57 1971... -... 40.0 30.6 70.6.1 74.9 2.1 16.5-4.3 22.03 1972.-... 44.8 30.1 74.9 4.3 75.5.6 15.9 -.6 21.06 1973... -... -. 47.9 32.7 80.6 5.7 79.1 3.6 17.4 1.5 22.00 1974.-... -.- 49.8 28.9 78.7-1.9 80.0.9 16.1-1.3 20.12 1975... -... 49.7 32.3 82.0 3.3 80.8.8 17.3 1.2 21.41 1976 2 -- 53.0 33.6 86.6 4.6 82.8 2.0 21.1 3.8 25.48 1 Crop years are on a September/August basis, but Include the outturn of sugar from harvests of several Southern Hemisphere countries which begin prior to September. Source: Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA. either Cuba, a major exporter, or PRC, potentially a major importer, could significantly impact on the world market. If the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 is enacted in its present form, U.S. sugar prices for the 1977 and 1978 crops will be supported at a level not less than 13.5 cents per pound. But world Selected raw and retail sugar price comparisons World World U.S. sugar Year and sugar price price u.s. month price New (New average stowed York York retail caribbean' basis spot) Cents per pound 1973... 9.61 10.99 10.29 15.10 1974 -... 29.99 31.62 29.50 32.34 1975... -... 20.49 21.92 22.47 37.24 1976. -.-... 11.58 13.36 13.31 23.96 1976: April... 14.06 15.51 15.58 25.06 May... 14.58 16.03 15.97 24.80 June... 12.99 14.42 14.40 24.90 July... 13.21 14.64 14.59 24.48 1977: April... 10.12 12.77 12.57 21.96 May... 8.94 11.58 11.34 22.36 June..... 7.82 10.46 10.28 22.36 July... 7.38 9.98 10.15 21.70 I sugar stowed at greater Caribbean ports including Brazil. Source: U.S. average retail, BLS; all other prices, AMS, USDA. prices would continue to reflect world supplydemand conditions, barring implementation of an effective International Sugar Agreement. U.S. SUGAR OUTLOOK2 U.S. raw sugar prices are expected to remain near current world market prices (New York basis) until the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 or an alternative support measure upon enactment is implemented. Support measures, upon enactment, will provide for a minimum support price of 13.5 cents per pound, about 2 to 2.5 cents above current raw sugar prices. This level of support, it has been estimated, would allow efficient domestic producers to cover production costs. The increase will also be reflected in higher prices for both wholesale refined and retail sugar prices. A smaller 1977178 U.S. beet sugar crop indicates that cane sugar deliveries, which are up this year, may increase even more in calendar 1978. Thus, U.S. cane sugar imports are likely to further increase next year. Both cane and beet sugar deliveries, however, will be influenced by increased use of high fructose com sirup (HFCS). A support level of 13.5 cents, while not bringing about an immedi- 2Values shown in "U.S. Sugar Outlook" are short tons (2,000 pounds per ton). To convert short tons to metric tons multiply short tons by the factor.9072. 6 SSR-Vol. 2, No.5, SEPTEMBER 1977
ate expansion of HFCS capacity, will improve the competitive position of HFCS relative to sucrose. House and Senate conferees have agreed in principle on a new 4-year farm bill, the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977. The provisions concerning sugar in the bill, which awaits approval after Congress reconvenes on September 6, include: (1) Price support for the 1977 and 1978 crops through loans or purchases at a level not more than 65 percent nor less than 52.5 percent of parity, but not less than 13.5 cents per pound (raw sugar equivalent). (2) Suspension of the program by the Secretary of Agriculture at such time as he determines there is an International Sugar Agreement which would maintain a U.S. raw sugar price of at least 13.5 cents per pound. (3) Establishment of minimum wage rates for agricultural employees engaged in the production of sugar. Another provision on sugar would authorize the Secretary of Agriculture, under existing authority, to provide interim support for that portion of the 1977 crop of sugarcane and sugarbeets marketed prior to the implementation of loans or purchases. If a domestic price program is implemented this fall, it will help keep U.S. production and acreage for harvest in 1978179 from declining as much as would occur if farmers faced the low world market prices of the 1976/77 crop year. However, a 13.50- cents-a-pound minimum support level is not high enough to cover production costs of all domestic producers. If prices do not rise above the proposed support level or cost-reducing technology is not introduced, there may be noticeable reductions in sugarcane and sugarbeet acreage in the United States in future years. If prices do rise, HFCS shipments may be expected to also rise. It does not appear likely, therefore, that the U.S. sugar industry will expand its output significantly above the 1976177 level of 6.6 million short tons (raw value) without improved prospects for higher and more stable sugar prices. Uncertainties about future prices, producer returns, and product availability are expected to delay expansion in new sugar processing facilities in the United States. THE WORLD SUGAR SITUATION 3 World Sugar Stocks Increase in 1976/77 As final production statistics are tabulated, data now indicate the 1976/77 world sugar crop will "Values shown in "The World Sugar Situation" are metric units, unless otherwise specified. To convert metric tons to short tons, multiply metric tons by the factor 1.102a. total 86.6 million tons and exceed world consumption by about 3.8 million tons (table S-1). Better-than-expected yields in West Germany, Spain, Taiwan, India, Japan, Turkey, and several other Asian countries have more than offset downward revisions in crop estimates for other countries. Final data show Taiwan's 1976/77 sugar outturn to be a post-world War II record. In India, favorable weather plus a new scheme of excise duty rebates increased production. Turkey's sugar output, which has expanded more rapidly than expected but never before exceeded 1 million tons, reached 1.3 million tons. In Japan, higher beet yields and sugar content more than offset the effects of lower acreage to produce a 40-percent increase in total beet sugar output. As reported in previous issues, the USSR's beet crop was damaged by frosts last October and there were further difficulties in storage and processing. The 1976/77 season cumulative outturn in the USSR totaled 6. 76 million tons of refined beet sugar or 7.35 million tons, raw value (table S-3). This is significantly below the 9.2 million tons (raw value) thought possible before last fall's harvest season began. World production estimates shown in table S-1 indicate cane sugar output in 1976177 increased 3.3 million tons, while beet sugar production went up 1.3 million tons. Despite a prospective increase in consumption of about 2 million tons, the greater production this year is expected to result in a substantial net increase in year-end stocks. This addition to stocks would raise the stocks/consumption ratio about 4 percentage points. When computed as a percentage of sugar traded in the world "free" market, net additions to world stocks have been significant in recent years. With only about 15-16 million metric tons of sugar traded annually in the free market, the 5-millionton net addition to world stocks since 1974/75 represents a one-third increase in quantities available, a factor which has significantly dampened world free market prices. World Sugar Trade Calendar 1977 U.S. sugar imports are expected to be up 100,000-500,000 metric tons (raw value) over a year earlier. Japan's imports of sugar in 1976/77 are forecast at 2.25 million tons (refined basis), down from 2.35 million tons in 1975/76, because domestic production is up. Consumption in Japan in 1976/77 is expected to total 2.8 million tons (raw value) or 2.5 percent above a year ago. As consumption increases, Japan may rely more heavily on long-term contracts such as those with Thailand, Brazil, Taiwan, South Africa, Cuba, and Australia. SSR-Vol. 2, No.5, SEPTEMBER 1977 7
The European Community (EC) in 1976177 produced about 500,000 tons more sugar than consumed, and under terms of the Lome' Convention imported about 1.35 million tons of sugar from member countries. Thus, a surplus of about 2 million tons was available for export by the EC. Reports indicate that this volume of sugar has been sold, and preparations are being made for receipt of a larger 1977178 crop. Philippine exports almost doubled in 1976177 to a total of about 2 million tons. India's exports have fallen due to increased home consumption and unfavorable world sugar prices. Australian exports in 1976 reached 2.6 million tons, up from 2 million tons in 1975. While Brazilian exports in 1976177 were low due to a poor crop in the previous season, authorized sugar production for export by Brazil in 1977178 has been placed at 2.5 million tons. Of this, 900,000 tons will come from the Central-South region and 1.6 million tons from the Northeast. The milling seasons are June 1-Decem her 31 for the Central South and September 1-April 30 for the Northeast. World Prices-Weak The July monthly average world raw price (sugar stowed at Greater Caribbean Ports, including Brazil) was 7.35 cents per pound. On July 12, the world price was 6.85 cents per pound, down considerably from this year's peak of 10.12 cents per pound recorded in April. Since these prices are well below production costs in most countries, interest in an International Sugar Agreement and a domestic support program has increased. International Sugar Agreement (ISA) Negotiating Conference A working session of the United Nations Conference on a new International Sugar Agreement (ISA) was held in London, July 19-29. Progress was sufficient to warrant the Conference chairman, Ernest Jones-Parry, to request a second session of the negotiating conference, now scheduled for September 12-30, in Geneva, Switzerland. About 70 countries, including the United States, are participating in the Conference. Main features of the draft agreement, prepared at earlier meetings, include export quotas to protect the price floor; a midrange where market intervention would not occur and prices would be free to seek a level which would equate supply and demand; and an upper price band where reserve stocks would be released. A price range of 10 cents with a minimum price ranging from 8-13 cents has been called for in discussions to date. THE U.S. SUGAR SITUATION Price Situation The U.S. raw sugar price (New York spot) has fluctuated over the most recent 12 months (August 1976 through July 1977) from a low of $9.80 per cwt. in September to a high of $12.57 per cwt. in April. The average for the 12-month period was $10.87 per cwt., down $2.44 from the calendar 1976 average and down $11.60 from the 1975 average. New York spot sugar prices in August mostly ranged between $11 and $11.50 per cwt. U.S. Wholesale Refined Sugar Prices Follow Raw Prices Both wholesale refined beet and cane sugar list prices have been following raw sugar prices. On August 30, wholesale refined list prices ranged from a low of $14.40 per cwt. in the Chicago-West Marketing Territory to a high of $17.55 per cwt. in the Northeast. Actual prices are reportedly below list prices because of intense competition. U.S. Retail Prices Remain Rather Stable The U.S. average retail sugar price has been rather stable in recent months. During the last 10 months (October 1976 through July 1977), it ranged from 22.4 cents per pound in May and June to 21.04 cents in January (5-pound package). The average for these 10 months was 21.8 cents per pound. Retail prices are nearly 50 percent higher than the levels which prevailed in 1973 prior to the sharp runup in sugar prices in 1974. In contrast, wholesale refined sugar prices are about 20 percent higher than in 1973, while the U.S. raw price is 10 percent higher. Production4 1976 U.S. Sugarbeet Crop Down Over A Fifth The August Crop Production estimated 1977 U.S. sugarbeet acreage for harvest at 1.24 million acres, down nearly 16 percent from 1976 (table S-4). Acreage was down in all important producing States except Minnesota and North Dakota (Red River Valley) where total acreage was up 5 percent from a year ago. In contrast, acreage in Colorado was down over a third, in California down more than a fourth, and in Idaho down over a fifth. Michigan, the remaining State among the top six Values shown in "The U.S. Sugar Situation" are short tons (2,000 pounds per ton). To convert short tons to metric tons, multiply by the factor.9072. 8 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
U.S. RAW SUGAR PRICES* $PER CWT. 1- - o~--~~--~~--~~--~~--~~--~~--~~--~~~--~~--~~--~ JAN MAR MAY JULY SEPT NOV *BULK SUGAR NEW YORK SPOT, DUTY PAID EQUIVALENT. USDA Figure S-1 NEG. ERS 2164-77 (8) U.S. SUGAR PRICES p ER LB. 50. ~ 40 30 20 10 0... r--...----,...-!a \ U.S. Retail o!l ~~ \ \/ 1 \ I\\..... I --~... \........, \... ',_ / l - :;/ 1...,..._ ~.S. Wholesale 0 ' -J --=.-'"'- '... ---- Domestic raw I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 BULK RAW SUGAR- NEW YORK DUTY PAID EQUIVALENT. OFIVE POUND PACKAGE- BLS DATA. o BULK, DRY BEET SUGAR, f.o.ij. PLANT IN COLORADO - BLS DATA. USDA Figure S-2 NEG. ERS 768-77 181 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 9
in acreage, will have less than a 6-percent decline in acreage for harvest this year. Growing conditions have varied among areas. Rainfall in the nonirrigated Red River Valley and Great Lakes area (Michigan-Ohio) has generally been adequate, though Michigan was short of moisture earlier this year. There are severe shortages of water available for irrigation in the West. California has been hit hard, and the situation has been critical in other Western States as well. Prospective low sugarbeet prices as well as lack of water for irrigation both played a part in reducing acreage. Sugarbeet stands are generally good. Virtually all fields were covered by a canopy of beet leaves by August 1. However, because acreage is down sharply in the higher-yielding States while up in the lower-yielding Red River Valley, the U.S. average yield per acre will likely total around 19.5 tons, down slightly from a year ago. Thus, total U.S. sugarbeet production will likely total around 24.3 million short tons, down 17 percent from the 1976 crop. Assuming a sucrose recovery of about 13 percent, the 1977 U.S. beet crop will produce about 3 to 3-113 million short tons (raw value) down from nearly 3.9 million in 1976/77 (table S-5). Most processors plan to start processing 2 to 3 weeks later than they did in 1976. Only in the Red River Valley (and possibly Michigan) will sugarbeet processing capacity be strained. In the Valley, beet sugar factories are scheduled to start processing shortly after September 1. U.S. Sugarcane Crop Likely to Match Last Year's Level Total U.S. sugarcane acreage for harvest will likely total around 762,000 acres (according to the August 11 Crop Production), up 1 percent from 1976. Acreage for harvest declined slightly in Florida and Texas, remained about the same in Louisiana, increased 6,000 acres in Texas, and fractionally in Hawaii. The 36,000 acres for harvest this fall in Texas includes about 5,000 acres carried over from the 1976177 crop because of too much rain last winter. Generally, the 1977178 U.S. mainland cane crop looks good, though maturity is running about a month late in many fields. In Hawaii, rains have fallen fairly regularly since February. Moisture levels have been adequate in nonirrigated areas and reservoirs have been partially replenished in irrigated areas though reservoir levels still remain low on some islands. U.S. DOMESTIC SUGAR PRODUCTION* Raw Value THOUS. TONS 1200 900 600 CANE-L BEEF~ / ~ 1775/76 1976/77 Sept. Nov. Jan. *crop YEAR BY MONTHS. 0 tncludes HAWAII. USDA Figure s-3 Mar. May July NEG. ERS 2853-77 IBI 10 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
Given yields reported in the August Crop Production and assuming normal sucrose recovery rates, total U.S. cane sugar output in 1977178 will likely total near 2.72 million short tons, raw value, almost matching last year's level. Because of the carryover cane from 1976177, Texas cane sugar production will likely total larger than last year's 90,000 tons. Based on growing conditions on August 1, the U.S. average yield of cane is expected to total about 36 tons per acre, down 5 percent from last year's level. So far, only Hawaii's yields are reported higher than last year's levels. Hawaiian sugar production for the first 7 months totaled about 584,000 tons (raw value), up 4 percent from the same period in 1976, which indicates calendar 1977 Hawaiian production will likely exceed last year's 1.05 million ton sugar crop. U.S. Sugar Exports Down U.S. refined sugar exports for the first half of 1977 totaled about 15,000 short tons, down over 50 percent from the first half of 1976. Trends for the first 6 months indicate calendar 1977 U.S. exports may not total more than 35,000 tons, down from the 65,000 tons exported in 1976. Both liquid and crystalline exports were down sharply. U.S. SUGAR EXPORTS Million Tons, Raw Value Foreign Trade U.S. Sugar Imports Up U.S. sugar imports for the first 6 months of 1977 totaled 2.4 million short tons (raw value), up 14 percent (over 300,000 tons) from the first half of 1976 (table S-9). Imports for calendar 1977 are expected to total between 4.8 and 5.2 million tons, up from 4.7 million tons in 1976. U.S. imports for July 1976 through June 1977 totaled almost 5 million tons. U.S. imports from the seven largest supplying areas totaled over 1. 7 million tons (raw value), accounting for over 70 percent of total U.S. sugar imports in the first half of 1977. Two countries, the Philippines (542,407 tons) and the Dominican Republic (467,544 tons), together accounted for over 40 percent (table S-8). U.S. Duty-Free Sugar Imports Significants Duty-free imports during January-July totaled nearly 430,000 tons (tel quel-as is-basis), valued at slightly over $80 million (value in exporting country prior to loading on ship), and represented nearly a fifth of total imports (table S-10). U.S. imports came from 16 countries during the first half of 1977; imports from Guatemala were exempt from duty during January-February 1977 only. Almost 60 percent of U.S. duty-free imports this year have come from Central America, particularly Guatemala. The Caribbean Islands provided over 17 percent of U.S. duty-free imports during the first half of 1977, while Africa shipped a fifth of total U.S. duty-free imports. ''For a more complete discussion of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) including eligibility for dutyfree treatment for sugar, see the May 1977 Sugar and Sweetener Report, Vol. 2, No.5, p. 12. '-------'----- L J L, ------~-. 0 70 140 210 Figure 8-4 Domestic Utilization Up U.S. sugar deliveries for the first 8 months of this year totaled over 7.5 million short tons (raw value), up from the same period in 1976. Deliveries were up over 100,000 tons in the first quarter, but were about the same in the second quarter. Deliveries in July and August were up about 80,000 tons from the same period in 1976. Beet sugar deliveries through August this year totaled 2.4 million tons, down 10 percent from the first 8 months in 1976. Based on the pattern so far in 1977, calendar 1977 beet sugar deliveries will likely range between 3.2 and 3.5 million tons, indicating they will be down a minimum of 300,000 tons from 1976. This anticipated decline results largely from this fall's prospective smaller beet crop. U.S. cane sugar deliveries for the first 8 months totaled over 5.1 million tons, up 10 percent from the same period in 1976. Cane sugar deliveries for calendar 1977 seem likely to total between 7.3 and 7.6 million tons. Increased cane sugar deliveries in 1977 have resulted from the decline in beet sugar production and deliveries. Per capita consumption totaled 46.8 pounds during the first half of 1977, a half pound more than in first half 1976. Calendar 1977 consumption will likely total near the 94.7-pound level of 1976. Per capita consumption for the third quarter 1976 through second quarter 1977 totaled 95.2 pounds. SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 11
... N Ul Ul J:l <:!2. N z 0 "' Ul rn "tj _, rn s: m rn J:l...... "'... Table S-2-Sugar, cane, and beet: Supply and utilization, United States, calendar years, 1966 76 1 Supply Utilization Year Production Offshore receipts Domestic disappearance Net Begin Total Total Exports change in Balanc- Live- Military and cane 2 Beet Terri ning supply use invisible ing stock civilian Total Foreign tories Total stocks l >tocks items3 feed and alcohol Total I Per capita I t 1,000 short tons, raw ualue Pounds refined 1966... 2,447 2,832 5,279 4,495 717 5,212 2,805 13,296 10,538 65 101 58 79 10,235 97.3 1967... 2,567 2,730 5,297 4,804 705 5,509 2,758 13,564 10,623 72 188 66 199 10,474 98.5 1968... 2,588 3,039 5,627 5,130 504 5,634 2,941 14,202 11,160 79 291 5~ 82 10,657 99.2 1969... 2,236 3,246 5,482 4,886 342 5,228 3,043 13,753 10,885 82 273 57 68 10,950 10~.0 1970... 2,363 3,511 5,874 5,296 353 5,649 2,869 14,392 11,557 66 185 60 83 11,163 101.8 1971... 2,386 3,429 5,815 5,587 144 5,731 2,835 14,381 11,553 89 7 70 61 11,345 102.4 1972... 2,481 3,534 6,015 5,459 149 5,608 2,823 14,446 11,623 50 21 45 62 11,487 102.8 1973.... 2,708 3,353 6,061 5,329 79 5,408 2,823 14,292 11,645 26 91 69 31 11,429 101.5 1974... 2,442 3,221 5,663 5,770 157 5,927 2,646 14,236 11,382 77 300 51 8 10,946 96.6 1975... 2,829 3,473 6,302 3,882 96 3,978 2,854 13,134 10,278 206 267 29 6 10,304 90.2 1976 4 2,787 4,003 6,800 4,658 203 4,861 2,856 14,517 11,019 70 18 72 0 10,895 94.7 - -- -- 1 Deliveries by primary distributors for consumption In the United States can be derived by adding the net change In lnvlslsble stocks to quantities used for food by military and civilians. 2 1ncludes Hawaii. 3 Calculated as a residual. 4 Preliminary.
U.S. SUGAR DELIVERIES AND PRICES Raw Value THOUS. TONS $ PER CWT. 1,200 20 900 15 600 10 5 JAN. MAR. MAY JULY SEPT. NOV. * NEW YORK SPOT. 0 TO DOMESTIC USERS. USDA NEG. ERS 2268-77 (8) Figure 5-5 Quarterly per capita consumption of refined sugar Quarter 1974 1977 2 Pounds I 0 24.2 16.3 21.9 22.6 II... 25.1 23.5 24.4 24.2 Ill 0 27.0 28.0 26.7 IV... 20.3 22.5 21.7 Annual 0 96.6 90.2 94.7 1 Preliminary. 2 Estimate. 9:lurce: Economic Research Service, USDA. U.S. Stock Levels Up Total mainland sugar stocks totaled 2.8 million short tons (raw value) on July 1, up nearly 500,000 tons from a year earlier (table S-12). U.S. beet sugar stocks on the same date totaled nearly 1.4 million tons, more than a fifth higher than a year ago. Beet sugar deliveries have fallen behind last year's pace and stocks have correspondingly increased in anticipation of this fall's smaller crop. Many companies may have preferred higher stock levels in light of this fall's reduced crop. However, current low sugar prices have resulted in cash flow problems preventing beet sugar companies from maintaining beet sugar stocks sufficient to keep deliveries in calendar 1978 from dropping sharply from this year's level. THE U.S. CORN SWEETENER SITUATION Low Corn Prices-Ample Supplies Shipments Up The U.S. com sweetener industry is expected to process at least 375 million bushels of com this calendar year, up from about 351 million bushels in 1976 (table S-24). About 250 million bushels will likely be ground and processed for com sweeteners, the remainder for com starch. The HFCS grind of 50 million bushels in 1976 exceeded the dextrose grind of 40 million for the first time since its commercial availability in 1967. Even so, the annual grind for conventional corn sirup of 137 million bushels (including malto-dextrin and com sirup solids) and of com starch of 124 million bushels (including dextrin) remain the big markets in corn refining. The grind for HFCS SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 13
is expected to continue to gain in the next few years.. Corn supplies continue to be abundant relative to demand. Since the 1977 corn crop is expected to total over 6 billion bushels, corn prices weakened recently. In late August, No. 2 yellow corn (the kind milled by corn refiners) was selling for $1.75 per bushel (Chicago). With abundant supplies of feed grains and wheat, corn prices are expected to remain under downward pressure for some time. Excess processing capacity exists in the industry, especially for production of HFCS. While there are varying views on the level of excess capacity, the U.S. corn refining industry may continue to operate at less than full capacity till 1980, perhaps later. New plant capacity-including that now expected to co~e on stream in 1978-was scheduled during the 1974-75 period of very high sugar prices, with construction beginning before sugar prices declined to recent low levels. Higher sugar prices could lead to a fuller utilization of existing capacity. Corn Sweetener Shipments Up Prices Low Total corn sweetener shipments for food use are expected to total around 3.4 million short tons (dry basis) in calendar 1977. Of the total, dextrose shipments are likely to remain near a half million tons (dry basis). Conventional corn sirup deliveries could approach 2 million tons-up slightly from last year. Trade sources report HFCS shipments in 1977 are likely to total around a million tons, up from 750,000 tons in 1976. For HFCS sales to exceed 1.1 million tons in 1977, significantly higher Year or quarter Corn sweetener price comparisons (dry basis). High- Corn sirup fructose Dextrose corn sirup Chicago I New York Decatur, New York Illinois Dollars per cwt. 1971........ 6.43 8.77 (I) 10.71 1972........ 4.52 5.78 (I ) 10.07 1973... 7.06 8.53 (') 10.79 1974... 11.43 13.21 (') 25.50 1975... 15.39 18.07 23.11 22.44 1976... 11.10 14.44 13.85 16.36 1977 Quarters: I... 8.72 11.53 12.11 15.27 II... 8.72 11.59 12.32 15.08 ill 0.. - --- -.- -.. IV............ -.... -.... 1975. 1 Price data on high-fructose corn sirup not available before Source: Corn sirup, Chicago, from BLS; all other data from Journal of Commerce. sugar prices than now prevailing would be needed. However, with the new 55 percent fructose product (compared with the conventional 42 percent product) becoming available in significant commercial quantities, sales may increase more rapidly. Conventional corn sirup list prices are reportedly being discounted. The recent list price of $8.72 per cwt. (dry basis), Chicago, is reportedly 60 cents per cwt. higher than the actual selling price. It is estimated that $8 per cwt. (dry basis) is near the break-even price for conventional corn sirup. Dextrose list prices, New York basis, were $15 per cwt. (dry basis) in June, only 8 percent below comparable sucrose prices in the Northeast. HFCS was recently quoted at $12.24 per cwt. (dry basis) in Decatur, Illinois, 11 percent less than the Chicago West beet sugar price. SWEETENER-CONTAINING PRODUCT SITUATION Total refined sugar deliveries for use in commercially prepared foods and beverages totaled 1.55 million short tons in first quarter 1977, up 2 percent from a year earlier. Most of the increase was in cereal and bakery products, and in beverages. (table S-7). Sugar use in confectionery is expected to decline in calendar 1977 because of high cocoa and chocolate prices. Refined sugar deliveries, by type of container Year or period --. 1 Consumer I ndustrlal Llq~- -~ulk I Large size sugar' dry packages 2 packages 3 1,000 tons Calendar year: 1971... 2,716 3,003 2,280 2,610 1972... 2,709 3,290 2,163 2,557 1973... 2,706 3,417 2,168 2,530 1974... 2,436 3,320 2,203 2,581 1975... 2,032 2,965 1,549 2,409 1976... 2,124 3,223 1,758 2,440 1st quarter 1976 0 457 795 439 504 1977 0 479 856 439 566 1976-77 Change...... 22 61 0 62 Percent change. 4.8 7.7 0 12.3 1 Sugar solids basis. 2 50 lb. and over. 3 Under 50 pounds. Source: AMS, USDA. Soft Drinks The beverage industry, which received 22 per cent of total U.S. sugar deliveries in calendar 1976, was the second largest U.S. market for sugar, trailing only household use. Soft drink sales 14 SSR Vol. 2, No. 9, SEPTEMBER 1977
totaled $10.4 billion in 1976. Per capita consumption of soft drinks last year was 31 gallons, (equivalent to 248 16-oz. containers), a level 12 percent higher than recorded in 1975 (table S-28). This increase was partly in response to soft drink prices declining slightly during the year, as well as further rises in consumer incomes. Nearly 80 percent of soft drink sales were in containers, with the remainder in bulk (over the counter and vending sales). Cola was the dominant flavor with 63 percent of total sales; lemon-lime, a distant second, accounted for 13 percent. Caloricsweetened soft drinks accounted for 89 percent of total container sales. Sugar use in beverages totaled nearly 2.5 million short tons in 1976, or over 23 pounds per capita, including sucrose equivalent of HFCS (table S-28). The estimated value of sugar used by soft drink manufacturers was nearly $1 billion in 1976. Both soft drink consumption and sugar use in beverages will likely increase this year, perhaps around 5 percent, as both consumer incomes and employment rise. Confectionery Manufacturer shipments of confectionery products totaled nearly 3.6 billion pounds in calendar 1976, up 3 percent from 1975. Confectionery imports, exports, and total consumption were up as well (see table S-29). The total manufacturer value of sales was nearly $3 billion. The manufacturer unit value of sales last year was 84 cents per pound, about the same as in 1975. Per capita consumption of confectionery products was 17 pounds last year. Per capita consumption peaked at over 19 pounds in 1969 and has been declining since, partly reflecting the declining share of younger people in the population. One reason for the relatively stable per capita consumption last year was the lack of increase in retail prices compared with significant increases in 1975 due to higher sugar prices at the beginning of the year. Sugar use in confectionery-the third largest industrial market after the beverage, and cereal and bakery product industries-totaled nearly a million tons last year, up from about 916,000 tons in 1975 (table S-29). Per capita consumption of sugar used in confectionery totaled 9.3 pounds, up 0.7 pound from 1975. The gain in sugar use last year resulted from the increase in confectionery production (shipments). Based on a limited sample of manufacturers, monthly confectionery shipments totaled nearly 860 million pounds for the first 5 months of this year, down 11 percent from the same period a year ago. This indicates annual U.S. confectionery shipments will likely decline in calendar 1977. Monthly U.S. confectionery shipments' Month 1974 1977 1,000 pound January... 197,193 173,998 193,782 14 7,519 February... 220,809 182,764 212,082 195,513 March.. 239,987 161,489 213,380 207,135 APril.... 197,805 161,670 181,806 152,942 May... 202,321 165,950 167,454 153,973 June... 175,799 155,774 169,087 July... 163,275 141,542 128,691 August... 238,427 210,068 210,795 September.. 297,629 271,217 278,004 October... 259,875 252,536 218,012 November. 199,788 191,349 226,267 December... 152,175 169,675 163,232 Annual... 2,545,267 2,238,032 2,362,592 1 Reported monthly shipments from a sample of approximately 330 establishments, which account for a majority of total U.S. manufacturer sales of confectionery products from confectionery-manufacturer-wholesalers and chocolate manufacturers. The monthly data shown here are not Intended to show actual level of total shipments, but rather to Indicate the prospective annual trend and the seasonal pattern of U.S. monthly confectionery shipments. Source: CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTs- Confectionery Including Chocolate Producta, Series M20C, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Dept., of Commercee. Cocoa and Chocolate Retail prices of chocolate bars and chocolate sirup increased 21 and 9 percent, respectively, from January to June 1977. Industry reports indicate additional price increases or a reduction in the size of chocolate bars could be in the offing. World Situation and Outlook The world cocoa economy continues to be characterized by tight supplies and high prices. World cocoa bean production for 1976177 is estimated at about 1.4 million metric tons, down 8 percent from a year earlier because of poor growing conditions in West Africa. Brazilian production was also lower this year-the Brazilian midcrop was not as large as earlier anticipated. Reflecting tight supplies and record high prices, world cocoa bean grindings in 1977 are expected to fall well below the 1976 level of 1.5 million tons. However, despite lower grindings this year, a stock drawdown is likely to follow the balanced supplydemand position in 1976. World stocks are at low levels and are currently estimated at about a 3 months supply. New York spot "Bahia" cocoa prices averaged $2.31 per pound in July-a record-up from $1 per pound in July 1976. Prices have eroded some in August, apparently in reaction to forthcoming supplies from this fall's crop. SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 15
The 1977178 West African crop will be late following sparse rains in April and May. Hopefully, the 1977178 world cocoa crop will bounce back from the poor crop of last year to the 1975176 level of 1.5 million metric tons. Cocoa prices will likely decline as world consumption falls in reaction to current high cocoa prices. The U.S. Situation and Outlook The U.S. grind totaled 228 million pounds in first half 1977, down 11 percent from first half 1976. U.S. imports of cocoa beans totaled 282 million pounds in first half 1977 compared with 319 million pounds for January-June 1976 (table S-31). Imports of unsweetened semiprocessed cocoa and chocolate (including cocoa butter) totaled 184 million pounds, up from 164 million pounds in first half 1976. Both cocoa bean imports and grind will be down for calendar 1977. Conversely, imports of semiproceased cocoa and chocolate appear likely to total higher this year than in 1976. Per capita consumption will do well to total 3 pounds in calendar 1977. The Foreign Scene OTHER SWEETENERS Honey The 1977 Mexican honey harvest is forecast at 44,500 metric tons (98 million pounds), fractionally higher than in 1976. However, honey available for export is expected to total only 35,500 tons, compared with nearly 50,000 tons in 1976, due to the substantial stock drawdown during last year's record export performance. Buyer competition for Mexican honey this year is expected to be keen because of prospective lower production in a number of other countries. Argentina's 1977 crop is forecast to dip about 40 percent to 17,000 tons, while Australia's harvest is expected to be slightly below last year's near 23,000 tons. Mexico is the world's largest honey exporter. The United States took 28 percent of Mexico's exports last year, while West Germany, formerly its largest buyer, took 26 percent. Middle Eastern countries also purchased larger supplies of Mexican honey in 1976. World demand was good last year, and Mexico expanded its exports by selling its carryover honey at reduced prices. Mexican honey has become more attractive to foreign buyers following the 1976 removal of a honey export tax and the devaluation of Mexican currency. The U.S. Situation U.S. honey production prospects remain poor in some areas. The 1977 U.S. harvest may decline slightly from the 200 million pounds produced in 1976. Drought in many parts of the country, plus pesticide damage and heavy winter losses, contribute to the current outlook. The September 23 Honey Production on commercial honey producers with 300 or more colonies in the 20 major States will provide an early indication of the amount of decline. Because of the prospective slightly smaller domestic crop, exports are expected to total no more than 5 million pounds in calendar 1977, comparable with similar levels in recent years. Stocks of honey in domestic beekeepers' hands are minimal. Imports have maintained the supply levels of the last 2 years. A total of almost 30 million pounds entered the country through June 1977 (table S-25). If this rate continues, imports in 1977 will match the record quantity of 661/2 million pounds imported in 1976. Prices for honey, both domestically produced and imported, are expected to remain firm. This is due to the shortage of domestic supplies and poor or mediocre production in major exporting countries..domestic prices to producers range between 40 and 45 cents for white honey and between 30 and 39 cents for the darker colors. Early reports indicate substantial interest by beekeepers in the reinstated loan provision of the honey price support program. Thirty-five loans backed by 786,434 pounds of honey had been taken out by beekeepers in 15 different States by July 31, 1977. Maple Sirup U.S. maple sirup production in 1977 totaled 1.22 million gallons, up nearly a third from 927,000 gallons in 1976. Production was up in every State except Massachusetts, whose output remained the same as in 1976. The sugaring season in virtually all areas was short but good. Extreme changes in temperature stimulated good sap flows, and apparently last winter's snow was also helpful in limiting freeze damage to trees. U.S. maple sirup producers received a record price of $11.67 per gallon this season up from $11.48 in 1976. Reported prices varied from $14.80 in Maine to $10.60 in New York. Maple sirup continues to be the highest priced natural sweetener produced in the United States in commercial quantities. Imports are running behind last year's pace. For first half 1977, U.S. maple sirup imports totaled nearly 5 million pounds, down 10 percent from the 16 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
first half of 1976 (table S-25). Similarly, maple sugar imports, which totaled 465,000 pounds for the first half 1977, were down over 40 percent from first half 1976. The larger U.S. crop appears partly responsible for the decline in imports. Saccharin Ban Uncertain Noncaloric Sweeteners The future of saccharin use in commercially prepared foods and beverages remains uncertain at this time. However, saccharin use will not be restricted by the Food and Drug Administration before October 1. While there are indications that Congress may delay any ban on saccharin for food use, possibly for 18 months, some eventual restriction on saccharin use in foods and beverages seems likely. The remaining questions are, how severe will the limitations be? And when will the ban become effective? SWEETENER BYPRODUCTS Industrial Molasses Domestic production of industrial molasses totaled 453 million gallons in 1976, up 10 percent from the previous year. U.S. imports of over 410 million gallons in 1976 were up over 35 percent from 1975 (table S-27). Industrial use totaled 153 million gallons, down 9 percent from 1975. The remaining 700 million gallons were available for direct feeding and use in mixed feeds and silage. Molasses prices continue lower. Second quarter molasses prices were down nearly a fifth from the first quarter. The second quarter New Orleans price averaged $40 per short ton (table S-26). U.S. molasses supplies will be smaller in 1977. With the prospective beet crop down about a fifth, less beet molasses will be produced, though U.S. cane molasses output will likely nearly match the 1976 level. U.S. imports totaled 225 million gallons for first half 1977, down nearly 15 percent from first half 1976, indicating 1977 imports will fall short of last year's 410-million-gallon level. Prices appear likely to remain near current levels and could show some strength by fall if fed cattle markets improve. Price increases may be limited, though, by large corn supplies. Corn Byproducts Corn byproduct prices reflect feed grain supplies as well as soybean oil and meal prices. With expected large corn and soybean crops, prices have weakened. Corn byproduct prices have also weakened, but not as much. Com gluten feed and meal prices may weaken further as the large corn and soybean crops are harvested. Similarly, corn oil prices are also expected to weaken. Selected price comparisons: Corn and corn refiner by-products Year or q uarterl 1971 1972 197 3.... 1974.. -.... 1975.... 1976.... Quarters: I 1977: 1 By-products No.2 yellow Corn gluten Crude corn 1 Corn oil 3 i Feed 1 Meal 2 -+----- 1 Decatur, I Chicago, Illinois Illinois I Dollars Dollars D~lla;; ------rj;;i!;;;;-- l I per bu. 1.39 1.30 2.20 3.20 2.91 2.70 I... i 2.53 II... I 2.39 Ill... j IV.... per ton 47.11 50.97 84.45 90.50 86.01 100.15 119.3 113.7 per ton 130.29 139.11 259.19 229.93 215.60 249.09 281.5 292.6 per cwt. 19.81 16.37 22.72 41.30 32.53 25.63 32.85 33.64 1 21 percent protein. 2 60 percent protein. 3 Tank car, f.o.b. plant. Source: No. 2 yellow corn, Chicago Board of Trade through 1976, Grain Market News beginning 1977; Corn gluten feed and meal, Feed Market News; Crude corn oil, National Provisioner. However, corn byproduct prices may not decline as much as soybean oil or meal prices. Polyunsaturated corn oil is a premium product and its market is somewhat independent of the market for soybean oil. Since corn gluten meal is a product highly desired by the U.S. poultry industry, its market is also somewhat separate from the soybean meal market. About half the corn gluten feed is exported, much of it to the EC 9 countries. For the first 6 months of 1977, nearly 750,000 tons of corn gluten feed had been exported, up nearly a third from the first half of 1976. If the current pace should continue, corn gluten meal exports would top last year's near 1.15-million-ton level and could even approach 1.5 million tons for calendar 1977. However, better feed and fodder prospects in Europe for this fall compared with last year could slow the pace of exports in the last half of 1977. SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 17
Tabla 5-3-World centrifugal sugar production in specified countries, raw value, 1972/73 to 1976/77 1 Region and country 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 2 1,000 metric ton.- North America: UnIted States: Mainland cane......... Hawaii............ Puerto Rico......... Total U.S. cane.......... Sugarbeets......... Total U.S............. 1,469 1,024 231 2,724 3,322 6,046 1,253 944 263 2,460 2,918 5,378 1,334 1,004 271 2,609 2,645 5,254 1,657 953 279 2,889 3,646 6,535 1,517 952 248 2,717 3,543 6,260 Caribbean: Cuba.............. Dominican Republic.......... Other countries......... Total Caribbean 5,250 1,142 877 7,269 5,800 1,194 883 7,877 6,300 1,135 813 8,248 6,200 1,249 854 8,303 5,800 1,361 878 8,039 Other Mainland: Mexico........... Canada............ Central America........ Total Other Mainland....... 2,769 146 990 3,905 2,834 114 1,152 4,100 2,727 93 1,306 4,126 2,722 120 1,506 4,348 2,700 130 1,625 4,455 Total North America 3 17,220 17,355 17,628 19,186 18,754 South America: Argentina............ Brazil............. Colombia................. Peru............. Venezuela............ Other countries............ Total South Amerlca 3 1,293 6,163 814 920 518 964 10,672 1,650 6,959 850 1,020 526 1,013 12,018 1,532 7,400 908 990 530 1,200 12,560 1,349 6,200 965 956 462 1,448 11,380 1,562 7,500 882 960 539 1,422 12,865 Europe: Western Europe: E.C.-9 4 Belgium-Luxemburg.......... Denmark......... France.......... Germany, Fed. Rep. of....... I rei and.............. Italy........... Netherlands............ United Kingdom......... Total E.C.-9 3 689 342 2,983 2,250 169 1,253 756 963 9,405 785 367 3,255 2,500 189 1,156 832 1,047 10,131 618 415 2,948 2,438 143 1,010 778 618 8,968 722 422 3,239 2,540 199 1,402 914 695 10,133 748 416 2,968 2,734 189 1,750 945 773 10,523 Non E.C. Austria........ Greece........ Spain........... Sweden............ Other countries.......... Total Non E. c. 3 388 129 832 292 185 1,826 370 161 804 264 196 1,795 397 187 598 305 172 1,659 512 307 934 277 167 2,197 391 385 1,445 302 198 2,721 Total Western Europe 3 11,231 11,926 10,627 12,330 13,244 Eastern Europe: czechoslovakia German Democratic Rep...... Poland.......... Romania...... Yugoslavia............... Other countries........... Total Eastern Europe 3 779 720 1,829 577 427 579 4,911 810 705 1,817 633 483 611 5,059 850 700 1,557 561 554 595 4,817 750 650 1,950 560 489 621 5,020 700 600 2,000 BOO 707 707 5,514 Total Eu rope 3 16,142 16,985 15,444 17,350 18,758 U.S.S.R........... 8,14g 9,568 7,730 7,700 7,350 See footnotes at end of table. 18 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
Table S-3-World centrifugal sugar production in specified countries, raw value, 1972/73 to 1976/77 1 -Continued Region and country 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 2 I, 000 metric tons- Africa: Egypt.............. Mauritius.............. Mozambique......... South A frlca........... Other countries..... Total Afrlca 3 590 686 365 1,915 1,909 5,465 649 540 620 697 696 496 390 400 243 1,731 1,883 1,801 2,071 2,171 2,317 5,538 5,690 5,477 675 731 350 2,042 2,465 6,263 Asia: China-Peoples Republic......... China-Rep. of Taiwan........ India.......... Indonesia............ Iran............... Japan......... Pakistan........ Philippines.......... Thailand........ Turkey....... Other countries... Total Asla 3 1,821 780 4,571 890 625 650 470 2,424 649 811 302 13,993 2,630 2,400 2,550 892 751 819 4,949 5,794 5,460 950 1,000 1,050 660 645 685 653 478 471 636 557 630 2,643 2,466 2,936 930 1,060 1,603 833 834 986 421 432 444 16,197 16,417 17,634 2,600 1,000 5,950 1,150 750 574 675 2,627 1,800 1,285 501 18,912 Oceania: Australia...... FIJI Islands..... Total Oceania 3 2,870 375 3,245 2,592 2,927 2,988 350 273 272 2,942 3,200 3,260 3,390 293 3,683 TOTAL WORLD 3 74,885 80,603 78,669 81,987 86,585 1 Crop years are on a September/August basis, but include the outturn of sugar from harvests of several Southern Hemisphere countries which begin prlo.r to September. 2 Preliminary. 3 May not add due to rounding. 4 E. C. European Community. Source: Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA. SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 19
0 35.5 0 33.7 Table S-4-Domestic sugar crops: Acres harvested, yield per acre, and production, 1975-77, State and area share vf 1977 U.S. production, and change from 1976/77 1 Acres harvested Yield per acre Production Share Change from State and area of pro- 1976/77 1975!1976 11977 2 1975 1 1976 11977 2 1975 1 1976 J 1977 2 d uctlon CANE 1,000 acres Tons 1,000 tons Percent 1,000 Percent Tons Florida 0 298.0 306.0 303.0 35.9 33.5 30.0 10,698 10,251 9,090 33.2 1,161 88.7 Louisiana... 329.0 315.0 315.0 21.0 25.6 22.0 6,909 8,065 6,930 25.3-1,135 85.9 Texas 29.8 36.0 35.2 37.1 35.5 1,250 1,106 1,278 4.7 172 115.6 Total mainland... 662.5 650.8 654.0 28.5 29.8 26.4 18,857 19,422 17,298 63.2-2,124 89.1 Hawaii 0 0. 111.5 106.1 107.5 86.7 88.1 93.8 9,666 9,345 10,087 36.8 742 107.9 Total U.S. cane...,... 774.0 756.9 761.5 36.9 38.0 36.0 28,523 28,767 27,385 100.0 1,382 95.2 BEET Maine... --- 5.5 --- - 10.2 --- --- 56 --- --- -56 - - Michigan... 91.4 91.4 86.0 19.2 16.8 18.0 1,755 1,540 1,548 6.4 8 100.5 Ohio... 39.2 36.5 24.0 19.8 16.9 18.0 777 617 432 1.8-185 70.0 Great Lakes... 3 130.6 133.4 110.0 19.4 16.6 18.0 2,532 2,213 1,980 8.2-233 89.5 Minnesota... 196.0 248.0 260.0 14.2 12.2 15.2 2,783 3,026 ~ 3,952 16.3 926 130.6 North Dakota... 130.9 149.8 157.0 13.9 13.5 14.0 1,820 2,022 2,198 9.0 176 108.7 Red River Valley... 326.9 397.8 417.0 14.1 12.7 14.7 4,603 5,048 6,150 25.3 1,102 121.8 Colorado 0 0 154.9 121.0 77.0 17.2 19.0 18.0 2,661 2,303 1,386 5.7-917 60.2 Kansas 0 0 0 43.0 38.0 25.0 15.5 19.7 19.8 667 749 475 2.0-274 63.4 Nebraska... 96.0 84.5 70.0 18.5 20.0 20.5 1,776 1,690 1,435 5.9-255 84.9 Wyoming... 57.7 56.4 49.3 18.4 20.7 19.0 1,060 1,167 937 3.9 230 80.3 'Montana... 48.5 46.1 46.4 17.1 21.0 18.5 829 968 858 3.5-110 88.6 Texas 0 23.4 18.1 13.1 21.5 22.0 440 503 398 1.7 105 79.1 New Mexico 0.9.9 1.2 16.7 22.2 24.8 15 20 29.1 9 145.0 Great Pial ns... 434.7 370.3 287.0 17.1 20.0 19.2 7,448 7,400 5,518 22.8-1,882 74.6 Oregon... 17.9 14.5 8.7 23.8 25.1 23.8 426 364 207.8-157 56.9 Wash lngton... 82.4 76.5 61.0 26.0 24.4 23.0 2,142 1,862 1,403 5.8-459 /5.3 Idaho 0 158.3 139.4 108.0 18.6 20.7 19.5 2,942 2,879 2,106 8.7-773 73.2 Utah... 22.5 18.0 9.8 15.7 17.6 17.7 353 317 173.7-144 54.6 Northwest... 281.1 248.4 187.5 20.9 21.8 20.7 5,863 5,422 3,889 16.0-1,533 i 1.7 Arizona 0 17.0 17.0 12.9 21.5 23.0 21.3 366 391 275 1.1-116 70.3 California... 326.3 312.0 230.0 27.3 28.5 28.0 8,892 8,892 6,440 26.6-2,452 72.4 Southwest... 343.3 329.0 242.9 27.0 28.2 27.6 9,258 9,283 6,715 27.7-2,568 72.3 Total U.S. Beet... 1,516.6 1,478.9 1,244.4 19.6 19.9 19.5 29,704 29,366 24,252 100.0-5,114 82.6 1 Crop year September/August. 2 1ntentlons based on August 1 growing conditions. 3 Jncludes Maine. Source: Crop Production, SRS, USDA. 20 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
Table S-5- U.S. sugarcane, sugarbeets, and sugar, raw value: Acres harvested, recovered sugar, yield per acre, and production, September-August crop years 1974-76 1 Sugarcane and sugarbeets Sugar, raw value 1974 I 1975 I 1976 1974 I 1975 I 1976 ACRES HARVESTED RECOVERED SUGAR 1,000 acres Percent Cane 2 Florida... 258.4 287.5 297.0 10.6 10.3 Louisiana... 308.0 308.0 291.0 9.1 9.9 Texas... 27.7 35.0 29.6 8.2 10.2 Total mainland... 594.1 630.5 617.6 9.8 10.2 Hawaii... 95.8 105.1 99.9 ll.5 11.7 Total cane... 689.9 735.6 717.5 10.4 10.7 Total beet... 1,212.6 1,516.6 1,478.9 13.2 13.5 9.9 8.7 8.2 9.3 11.4 10.0 13.2 YIELD PER ACRE Tons Cane 2 Florida... 29.0 35.7 31.7 3.1 3.7 Louisiana... 21.3 21.0 25.6 1.9 2.1 Texas... 32.4 35.3 37.2 2.7 3.6 Total mainland 25.1 28.5 2.5 2.9 Hawaii... 94.8 90.2 91.8 10.9 10.5 Total cane... 34.8 37.3 37.8 3.6 4.0 Total beet... 18.2 19.6 19.9 2.4 2.7 3.1 2.2 3.0 2.7 10.5 3.8 2.6 PRODUCTION 1. 000 short tons Cane 2 Florida... 7,482 10,264 9,423 793 1,061 Louisiana... 6,558 6,468 7,451 594 640 Texas...... 898 1,236 1,099 74 126 Total mainland... 14,938 17,968 17,973 1,461 1,827 Hawaii... 9,081 9,485 9,172 1,041 1,107 Total cane... 24,019 27,453 27,145 2,502 2,934 Total beet... 22,123 29,704 29,366 2,916 4,019 930 650 90 1,670 1,050 2,720 3,882 1 Updated August 1977 and may not agree with Crop Production June 1977. 2 Excludes sugarcane for seed. Source: Crop Production, Annual Summary, SRS, USDA. SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 21
Table S-6- Monthly, quarterly, and annual sugar deliveries to domestic users, change trom year ago, previous month, and previous quarter, and 1977 compared with 1974-76 Dellverles 2 1977 compared with Month and quarter 1974 1975 1976 1977 Change from I Previous Year month & ago quarter Cumulative Monthly 1974 11975 11976 1974 1 1g75 1 1976 1, 0 00 short tons Percent BEET January.... February.... March.... 1st quarter.... 249 226 214 689 152 165 208 525 275 268 366 909 282 7 254-14 324-42 860-49 12-28 70 68 113.3 112.8 124.8 185.5 169.1 163.8 102.5 98.7 94.6 113.3 112.4 151.4 124.8 185.5 153.9 155.8 163.8 102.5 94.8 88.5 94.6 April...... May.... June.... 2nd quarter.... 224 255 228 707 279 292 313 884 334 333 365 1,032 289-45 282-51 313-52 884-148 -35-7 31 24 125.8 122.5 124.9 142.9 130.6 123.8 92.4 90.8 89.9 129.0 110.6 137.3 125.0 103.6 96.6 100.0 100.0 86.5 84.7 85.8 85.7 July.... August.... September.... 3rd quarter.... 306 341 292 939 446 365 319 1,130 370 357 355 1,082 3 296-74 -17 119.9 110.0 66.3 96.7 66.4 80.0 October...... November..... December... 4th quarter.... 309 254 122 685 257 193 284 734 271 251 270 792 January-July... 1,702 1,855 2,311 3 2,040-271 119.9 110.0 68.3 Annual.......... 3,020 3,273 3,815 --- -- January.... February..... March........ 1st quarter.... April...... May.... June..... 2nd quarter.... July... August.... September...... 3rd quarter.... October.... November.... December...... 4th quarter.... January-July.... Annual...... January.... February...... March.... 1St quarter.... April...... May...... June...... 2nd quarter.... July....... August...... September.... 3rd quarter... October.... November.... December.... 4th quarter.... January-July.... Annual 715 644 711 2,070 678 785 763 2,226 756 795 709 2,260 736 625 336 1,697 5,052 8,253 964 870 925 2,759 902 1,040 991 2,933 1,062 1,136 1,001 3,199 1,045 879 458 2,382 366 390 478 1,234 533 563 622 1,718 732 635 614 1,981 655 568 594 1,817 3,684 6,750 518 555 686 1,759 812 855 935 2,602 1,178 1,000 933 3,111 912 761 878 2,551 488 509 607 1,604 545 598 632 1,775 611 680 700 1,991 584 567 559 1,710 3,990 7,080 763 777 973 2,513 879 931 997 2,807 981 1,037 1,055 3,073 855 818 829 2,502 549 510 697 1,756 609 596 718 1,923 3 670 3 4,349 831 764 1,021 2,616 898 878 1,031 2,807 3 966 6,754 5,539 6,301 3 6,389 11,273 10,023 10,895 61 1 90 152 64-2 86 148 59 359 68-13 48 103 19-53 34 0-15 88-13 -39 187 43-88 -13 122 167-48 TOTAL 4-1 -67 257 111-123 -20 153 191-65 76.8 77.9 84.8 86.1 83.8 85.6 86.1 66.1 86.2 87.0 94.8 96.0 93.4 95.3 94.6 150.0 140.1 142.3 133.8 127.1 124.6 116.1 118.1 160.4 148.6 148.7 136.7 128.2 124.4 115.3 112.5 106.2 109.5 110.1 107.8 108.9 109.0 109.0 108.9 103.6 104.1 103.6 101.6 101.9 101.4 94.6 115.3 101.4 76.8 79.2 98.0 84.8 89.8 75.9 94.1 86.4 88.6 66.2 87.8 110.4 94.8 99.6 64.4 104.0 95.7 91.0 150.0 130.8 145.8 142.3 114.3 105.9 115.4 111.9 91.5 160.4 137.7 148.8 148.7 110.6 102.7 110.3 107.9 62.0 112.5 1002 114.8 109.5 111.7 99.7 113.6 108.3 109.7 108.9 98.3 104.9 104.1 102.2 94.3 103.4 100.0 Raw value. 2 Dellverles In De<iflmJ:>er, 1973-l4, excludes some sales contracted for at a later date and are Included In January and February of the following year. Preliminary.,Includes Hawaii. Source: Fruit and Vegetable Division, AMS, USDA. 96.5 22 SSR-Vol. 2, No. 9, SEPTEMBER 1977
Table S-7-U.S. sugar deliveries to industrial and non-industrial users, calendar years, 1972-76 and first three month totals, 1976-77 Type of buyer Calendar year 1972 I -~973--r 1974 I 1975 I 1976 1,000 tona, refined sugar Three months 1976 1 1977 Industrial users: Food use Bakery and cereal products confectionery products... Processed foods. Dairy products... Other....... 1,449 1,057 987 599 508 1,454 1,035 1,025 595 502 1,443 1,018 949 570 514 1,241 795 743 511 486 1,313 911 737 553 520 349 247 150 133 135 360 245 155 134 132 Total.... 4,600 4,611 4,494 3,776 4,034 1,014 1,026 Beverage use. 2,437 2,469 2,350 2,074 2,253 500 523 Total Industrial users 7,037 7,080 6,844 5,850 6,287 1,514 1,549 Non-Industrial users: Institutions Eating and drinking..... Other'........ 85 88 94 106 91 121 72 85 64 135 13 25 17 38 Total Institutions..... 173 200 212 157 199 38 55 Wholesale and ret a II Wholesalers, Jobbers, and sugar dealers Retail grocers, chain stores, and supermarkets 2,103 1,316 2,064 1,316 2,002 1,353 1,919 1,261 2,144 1,310 464 279 503 295 Total wholesale and retail.... 3,419 3,380 3,355 3,180 3,454 743 798 Min us consumer size packages 2 Redistributed to Industrial and other users 3 2,557 862 2,530 850 2,581 774 2,409 771 2,440 1,014 504 239 566 232 Total non-industrial user....... 3,592 3,580 3,567 3,337 3,653 781 853 Total food use............ Non-food use 4 Total food and non-food use....... 10,629 91 10,720 10,660 111 10,771 10,411 128 10,539 9,187 86 9,273 9,940 103 10,043 2,295 26 2,321 2,402 28 2,430 1 Includes deliveries to government agencies and the military. 2 Less than 50 pounds. 3 1 ncludes some deliveries to eating and drinking places and Institutions. 4 Used largely for pharmaceuticals and some tobacco. Source: Fruit and Vegetable Division, AMS, USDA. SSR Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 23
Table S-8-U.S. sugar imports by country, annual1970, 1974-76 and six-month totals, 1976-77 Country Calendar year Six-month totals 1970 1974 1975 1976 1976 1977 I I I I 1, 000 short tons, row value Western Hemisphere: Caribbean Islands: Bahamas... 10 Dominican Republic... 727 818 775 971 252 468 French West Indies... 68 Haiti... 22 19 12 6 6 west Indies... 215 282 238 244 173 125 Netherlands Antilles... 1 Total'... 1,042 1,119 1,026 1,221 431 593 Central America: Belize (British Honduras)... 16 63 46 14 3 17 Costa Rica... 75 79 56 65 48 74 El Salvador... 47 65 107 143 94 57 Guatemala... 69 96 61 331 202 203 Honduras... 11 8 6 7 5 21 Nicaragus... 76 53 58 166 121 81 Panama........ 37 66 98 95 79 102 Total' 0 0... 331 429 432 821 552 555 North America: canada 0 40 49 25 3/ Mexico 650 538 41 1 (') (') Total' 0 650 538 81 50 25 37 South America: Argentina... 80 110 112 88 57 38 Brazil... 667 783 197 97 Colombia... 69 105 159 84 28 14 Ecuador.... 90 60 47 28 28 21 Peru... 455 471 216 313 180 143 Venezuela... 34 (') Other... 8 14 7 68 26 13 Total' 0 0 1,402 1,543 738 581 319 326 Total western Hemisphere'... 3,424 3,629 2,277 2,673 1,327 1,511 Eastern Hemisphere: Australia... 211 242 479 470 119 18 China, Republic of 86 90 140 87 58 86 Fiji Islands... 44 46 {') India... 79 85 188 189 177 p Korea... 11 1 1 2) Malagasy, Republic of.. 10 13 13 13 13 12 Malawi... 10 27 18 Mauritius... 18 46 27 30 25 Mozambique..... 15 32 12 47 South Africa... 78 69 134 98 62 158 Swaziland... 7 41 36 46 Thailand... 20 26 124 70 45 Other 0 21 {') 18 4 3 Total Eastern Hemisphere excluding PhiliP pines'... 574 669 1,194 1,072 491 349 Philippines..... 0. 1,298 1,472 413 914 282 542 Total Eastern Hemisphere'... 1,872 2,141 1,607 1,986 773 891 Total U.S. imports'... 5,296 5,770 3,883 4,658 2,100 2,402 1 May not add due to rounding. 2 Less than 5. Source: Fruit and Vegetable Division, AMS, USDA. 24 SSR Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
Table S-9- Sugar imports: Monthly, quarterly, and annual raw value totals 1974-77, with comparisons Imports 1977 compared with Change from Cumulative Month and quarter 1974 1975 1976 1977 Previous Year month & 1974 1975 1976 1974 ago quarter ---- January 0 0. 260 1, 000 short tons Percent 90 292 315 23-43 12L2 350.0 107.9 12L2 February... 465 152 257 379 122 64 95.7 286.8 126.4 8L5 March... 580 347 333 363 30-16 81.0 179.5 119.8 62.6 1st quarter... 1,305 589 882 1,057 175-121 -- --- --- 81.0 April... 400 260 380 445 65 82 88.1 176.9 119.0 11L2 May... 602 323 373 438 65-7 84.1 165.5 118.7 72.8 June... 637 397 465 462-3 24 81.6 153.1 114.4 72.5 2nd quarter.. 1,639 980 1,218 1,345 127 288 -- -- --- 82.1 Monthly 1975 1g76 350.0 107.9 249.3 147.5 104.6 109.0 179.5 119.8 171.2 117.1 135.6 117.4 116.4 99.4 137.2 110.4 July... 523 366 471 August... 505 458 478 September 0 531 598 431 3rd quarter.. 1,559 1,422 1,380 October... 445 458 400 November... 386 225 420 December... 436 209 358 4th quarter.. 1,267 892 1,178 January- June... 2,944 1,569 2,100 2,402 302 --- 8L6 153.1 114.4 -- Annual' 0. 5,770 3,883 4,658 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 1 May not add due to rounding. -- -- --- --- Source: Fruit and Vegetable Division, AMS, USDA. SSR-Voi. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 25
0 14 Table S-10-U.S. sugar imports by country compared with Generalized System of Preference (GSP) duty-free imports, January-June 1977 U.S. sugar Imports GSP sugar Imports Country or area Quantity' Quantlty 2 Value Value Raw value I Tel quel basis Tel quel basis 1,000 short tons 1, 000 dollars 1,000 short tons 1, 000 dollars Caribbean Islands: West Indies: Barbadoes................ N.A. 17 3,024 17 3,024 Guyana................... N.A. 14 2,712 --- --- Jamaica............. N.A. 35 6,058 --- --- St. Christopher-Nevis- Anguilla........... N.A. 16 3,151 16 3,151 Trinidad.............. 0. N.A. 39 7,447 39 7,447 Total West Indies.... 125 121 22,394 72 13,624 Dominican Republic...... 468 400 69,867 --- --- Haiti....................... --- --- --- --- --- Total.......... 0.. 593 521 92,261 72 13,624 Central America: Belize (British Honduras)... 0 17 74 21 68 4,028 12,378 21 68 4,:>28 12,378 Costa Rica...... Ei Salvador 0 0 0. 57 33 5,737 --- --- Guatemala............. 203 201 38,247 140 26,436 Honduras 0... 21 18 3,179 18 3,179 Nicaragua............. 81 75 13,807 --- --- Panama........... 102 91 16,447 --- --- Total... Other North America: 0... 0 555 507 93,824 247 46,021 Canada......... 0. 37 27 7,662 --- --- Mexico... 0 0 {') (') 46 (') 46 Total................... 37 27 7,708 --- 46 Tota l North and Central 4 America.............. 1,185 1,055 193,793 319 59,692 South America: Argentina.. 38 38 5,530 --- --- Brazil.......... 97 95 17,631 --- --- Bolivia....... 0 13 23 4,017 23 4,017 Colombia.. 14 2,631 --- --- Ecuador.......... 21 21 3,455 --- --- Paraguay........ --- --- --- --- --- Peru......... 143 127 22,286. -... - Uruguay......... ---.. - --- --- --- Total South America... -.... 326 318 55,550 23 4,017 Total Western Hemisphere... 1,511 1,373 249,343 342 63,709 E astern Hemisphere: Europe: Austria............ --- --- - - - --- --- Belgium............ (') (') 36 --- --- France............ 3 2 355 --- --- Netherlands......... --- --- --- -- - --- Sweden......... {') {') 1 --- --- Switzerland.............. --- --- --- --- --- United Kingdom... {') (') 4 --- --- West Germany............ --- --- --- --- --- Total Europe... 3 2 396 --- --- See footnote at end to table. 26 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
Table S-10-U.S. sugar imports by country compared with Generalized System of Preferenca (GSP) duty-free imports, January-June 1977 -Continued u.s. sugar Imports GSP sugar Imports Country or area Quantity' Quantity 2 Value Value Raw value l Tel quel basis Tel que! basis 1,000 short tons 1,000 dollars 1,000 short tons 1, 000 dollars Africa: Kenya............. --- (') 1 (') 1 Malagasy Republic... 12 12 2,315 12 2,315 Malawi 2 0 0 0 ---. -- --- --- --- Mauritius 0 0. 25 24 4,175 24 4,175 Mozambique......... 47 41 7,738 41 7,738 South A frlca........ 158 148 27,705 --.... swaziland.................. 11 2,267 11 2,267 Total Africa 0 242 236 44,201 88 16,496 Australia 0 18 6g 10,935...... Asia: China, Mainland............... (') 4...... China, Taiwan 0 0 86 84 14,838...... Hong Kong........... {') 2 (') 2 India.......... (') (') 13...... Japan... 0 0 0. {') 1...... Korea... 0 (') (') 98 (') 98 Philippines 0 0. 542 519 102,244...... Thailand........ 0........ Total Asla 4... 628 603 117,200 (') 101 Total Eastern Hemisphere... 891 910 172,732 88 16,597 TOTAL WOR LD 4... 2,402 2,283 422,076 430 80,306 1 Data on U.S. sugar Imports, raw value and tel quel, differ because the source of information is different and the scope of coverage Is somewhat different. 1 1ndlcates Imports which were eligible for duty free treatment under the GSP, whether or not the Importer applied for such treatment and the U.S. Customs Service authorized such treatment. Excludes developed, Communist, OPEC, and by competitive need criterion countries. Costs Rica was made eligible for the period retroactively as a result of revaluation of Costa Rican sugar Imports In 1975. 'Less than.5. 4 May not add due to rounding. N.A.-Not available. Source: Imported sugar, raw value, Fruit and Vegetable Division, AMS. Imported sugar, tel quel basis and value, Sugar: Report To The President On Investigation No. TA-201-16 Under Section 201 Of The Trade Act Of 1974, USITC Publications 807, U.S. International Trade Commission. SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 27
~ (/) (/) :n < 2. "' z 0 10 (/) 1'11 ~ 1'11 $ ro 1'11 :n... 10...... Table S-11-Caloric and noncaloric sweeteners: Per capita U.S. consumption, 1960-76 Refined cane and beet sugar Corn sweeteners' Minor caloric' Noncaloric sweeteners 2 Calendar U.S. grown sugar cane sugar Corn sirup Total Total Dex- Edible Total caloric Sacc- Cycla- non- Beet I Cane I lm- l Total High- l trose Total Honey sirups harin mate caloric sugar sugar Total ported Total fructose Other Pounds 1960... 25.2 28.1 53.3 44.3 72.4 97.6-8.2 3.4 11.6 1.2 0.8 2.0 111.2 1.9 0.3 2.2 1961... 26.1 28.7 54.8 43.0 71.7 97.8 8.6 3.4 12.0 1.1.8 1.9 111.7 2.1.4 2.5 1962... 23.9 28.0 51.9 45.4 73.4 97.3-9.3 3.6 12.9 1.1.9 2.0 112.2 2.5.4 2.9 1963.... 27.2 27.8 55.0 41.7 69.5 96.7-9.9 4.3 14.2 1.1,7 1.8 112.7 3.0,7 3.7 1964... 28.5 30.3 58.8 37.9 68.2 96.7-10.9 4.1 15.0 1.0.7 1.7 113.4 3.5 1.3 4.8 1965.... 29.4 30.3 59.7 37.1 67.4 96.8-11.0 4.1 15.1 1.1.7 1.8 113.7 4.0 1.7 5.7 1966.... 28.3 28.6 56.9 40.3 68.9 97.2-11.2 4.2 15.4 1.0.7 1.7 114.3 4.5 1.9 6.4 1967... 26.6 29.9 56.5 41.8 71.7 98.3-11.9 4.2 16.1.9.5 1.4 115.8 4.8 2.1 6.9 1968.... 27.8 26.5 54.3 44.7 71.2 99.0 12.6 4.3 16.9.9.7 1.6 117.5 5.0 2.2 7.2 1969.... 30.1 25.2 55.3 45.4 70.6 100.7-13.2 4.5 17.7 1.0.6 1.6 120.0 5.3 1.6 6.9 1970... 31.4 25.0 56.4 45.5 70.5 101.9-14.0 4.6 18.6 1.0.5 1.5 122.0 6.2 e> 6.2 1971... 31.1 22.8 53.9 48.5 71.3 102.4-15.0 5.0 20.0.9.s 1.4 123.8 5.7 e> 5.7 1972..... 30.4 25.4 55.8 47.0 72.4 102.8 0.9 15.6 4.4 20.9 1.0.5 1.5 125.2 5.7 e> 5.7 1973.... 30.4 24.9 55.3 46.2 71.1 101.5 1.4 16.7 4.8 22.9.9.5 1.4 125.8 5.7 e> 5.7 1974... 26.1 21.0 47.1 49.5 70.5 96.6 2.3 17.4 4.9 24.6.8.4 1.2 122.4 7.0 e> 7.0 1975... 30.5 24.9 55.4 34.8 59.7 90.2 4.7 17.7 5.1 27.5.9.4 1.3 119.0 7.0 e> 7.0 1976 4 32.5 22.7 55.2 39.5 62.2 94.7 7.1 17.7 5.1 29.9 1.0.4 1.4 126.0 8.0 e> 8.0 1 Dry basis. Recent corn sweetener consumption may be under stated due to incomplete data. 2 Sugar sweetness equivalent-assumes saccharin is 300 times as sweet as sugar, and cyclamate is 30 times as sweet as sugar. 3 Cyclamate food use was banned by the Food and Drug Administration, effective in 1970. 4 Preliminary. 5 Estimate. Source; Economic Research Service.
Table S-12-U.S. mainland sugar stocks held by primary distributors, July 1, 1960, 1965, 1970-77, and August 1, 1975-August 1, 1977 1 Cane sugar --,.---- Year and month Refiners Beet Mainland Importers Total processors Refined I Raw l Total 2 cane mills refined Total mainland 2 --- I, 000 short tons, raw value --- JULY 1, BEGINNING STOCKS 1960... 325 494 819 32 118 969 747 1965... 293 422 716 129 19 864 1,306 1970... 253 558 810 202 16 1,028 1,076 1971... 357 432 789 217 15 1,021 1,136 1972... 0... 342 761 1,103 225 4 1,332 1,011 1973... 303 626 928 364 3 1,295 996 1974... 303 411 714 200 1 915 1,034 1975... 275 423 698 238 --- 936 1,010 1976... 0... 298 522 820 299 -- 1,119 1,195 1977... 362 623 985 364 -- 1,349 1,433 1,716 2,170 2,103 2,157 2,343 2,291 1,949 1,946 2,314 2,782 AUGUST 1, 1975 AUGUST 1, 1977, BEGINNING STOCKS 1975: August 0 211 272 484 139 --- 623 652 September 0 251 319 569 62 --- 631 400 October... 0 265 434 699 13 --- 712 246 November... 262 477 738 60 -- - 798 617 December... 275 493 768 238 - -- 1,006 1,082 1976: January... 250 427 677 458 --- 1,135 1,596 February 0... 280 461 741 515 - - - 1,256 1,915 March...... 277 421 698 596 --- 1,294 1,906 April... 237 362 599 634 --- 1,233 1,700 May... 261 410 671 545 --- 1,216 1,562 June..... 285 429 715 419 --- 1,134 1,435 July... 298 522 820 299 - -- 1,119 1,195 August... 311 588 899 220 - -- 1,119 919 September... 284 585 869 141 - -- 1,010 679 October... 252 513 765 62 --- 827 496 November... 290 439 729 105 --- 834 826 December... 277 631 907 300 -.- 1,207 1,296 1977 January... 0 278 771 1,049 514 --- 1,563 1,761 February... 278 705 983 627 --- 1,610 2,014 March........ 327 737 1,064 685 --- 1,749 2,009 April... 0 0 315 592 907 680 -- - 1,587 1,843 May 0... 331 640 971 597 --- 1,568 1,734 June...... 373 679 1,052 493 - -- 1,545 1,647 July... 362 623 985 364 --- 1,349 1,433 August 3 0... 294 704 998 275 --- 1,273 1,221 1,275 1,032 958 1,415 2,088 2,731 3,171 3,201 2,933 2,778 2,569 2,314 2,038 1,689 1,324 1,660 2,504 3,324 3,624 3,758 3,430 3,302 3,191 2,782 2,494 1 Beginning stocks approximately first day of the month. 2 May not add due to rounding. 3 Preliminary. 4 Less than 500 short tons. Source: Fruit and Vegetable Division, AMS, USDA. SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 29
-~ ~ Vl Vl :%) < "' z 0 ID Vl (TI ~ (TI s: to (TI :%)... ID...... Table S-13-Sugar and products containing caloric sweeteners: Retail prices, U.S. average, 1966-76, and by month 1976 to date Carbon- Lemon Fruit 1 Year and Sugar, Bread, Cookies, Ice Choco- Choco- Cola a ted ade con- drink, Fruit Pears, month granu- white, cream cream, late late drink, fruit cent rate, canned, cocktail, canned, lated, 1-pound sandwich, 'h-gallon bar, syrup, 16-72- drink, 72- frozen, 46- canned, 21f2 can 5-pounds!-pound!-ounce ounces ounces ounces 6-ounces ounces 303 can 1966... 60.2 22.2 51.2 80.6 4.6 23.1 56.6 54.8 12.5 33.2 26.9 48.6 1967....... 60.5 22.2 51.8 80.9 5.0 22.7 60.8 57.0 12.3 32.0 26.1 45.3 1968... 60.9 22.4 50.9 80.7 5.3 23.2 65.1 60.5 12.4 32.2 28.3 53.4 1969..... 62.0 23.0 49.9 81.3 5.9 24.1 68.9 63.1 12.7 33.8 27.8 50.3 1970... 64.8 24.3 52.2 84.5 6.5 25.1 72.6 69.1 13.2 35.3 28.3 49.5 1971... 68.1 25.0 54.5 85.4 6.7 25.5 75.8 72.6 13.9 36.2 30.7 52.9 1972..... 69.5 24.7 55.2 85.8 6.7 25.2 83.3 73.2 14.4 36.8 31.6 53.5 1973....... 75.5 27.6 57.8 91.0 7.0 26.6 86.1 75.5 14.7 38.0 33.8 56.6 1974...... 161.7 34.5 73.5 107.6 9.8 36.5 108.9 93.7 17.2 43.7 40.8 65.2 1975.... 186.2 36.0 94.0 122.3 12.5 48.0 132.8 115.2 23.0 54.3 46.2 74.9 1976... 119.8 35.3 95.5 127.1 12.2 47.8 127.2 116.6 22.7 55.6 46.0 71.4 1976 January... 127.7 35.5 93.2 124.8 12.7 48.1 129.8 116.8 23.6 55.3 45.7 73.0 February.... 126.9 35.2 95.6 126.8 12.7 48.1 129.6 116.8 23.5 54.9 45.5 72.4 March... 125.2 35.2 95.0 125.6 12.6 47.7 129.0 116.0 23.6 55.2 45.3 71.7 April.... 125.3 35.1 95.1 125.8 12.3 47.8 129.4 115.9 23.3 55.3 45.3 71.4 May...... 124.0 35.3 96.0 125.3 12.2 47.7 129.9 116.2 23.0 54.9 45.1 70.8 June..... 124.5 35.6 96.2 126.7 12.1 47.7 130.5 116.7 22.3 55.4 45.9 70.8 July... 122.4 35.4 96.4 125.2 12.1 47.6 130.8 116.2 21.9 55.6 45.9 71.1 August... 123.6 35.3 94.7 126.3 12.1 47.5 130.8 117.1 21.9 55.8 46.3 71.3 september... 114.4 35.4 96.4 128.4 12.0 47.9 121.0 116.9 22.1 56.4 46.9 71.0 October.... 109.1 35.3 96.8 130.2 12.1 48.0 121.2 117.4 22.4 56.2 46.8 71.0 November... 108.4 35.3 94.6 128.7 12.0 48.0 121.7 116.9 22.7 56.0 46.3 70.9 December... 106.1 35.2 96.5 131.1 12.0 47.5 122.6 116.9 22.6 56.7 47.0 71.2 1977 January.... 105.7 35.8 95.5 131.7 12.3 48.8 105.5 111.7 22.9 56.1 47.0 71.1 February... 107.1 35.3 96.7 130.7 13.0 51.3 105.4 111.5 23.0 55.4 47.2 70.7 March..... 109.3 35.2 101.2 131.2 13.4 51.9 105.7 112.3 23.2 56.9 47.3 70.9 April...... 109.8 35.7 99.2 130.2 13.9 52.4 107.6 113.6 23.4 57.7 47.3 70.8 May... 111.8 35.5 100.5 134.7 14.3 53.2 107.9 114.2 22.7 58.3 47.8 71.2 June... 111.8 35.3 98.7 137.0 14.7 53.5 107.7 114.0 22.6 58.9 47.9 72.0 July..... 108.5 35.6 101.7 137.6 14.9 53.2 106.5 114.8 23.2 58.5 48.0 72.0 ---- 1 Pineapple-grapefruit. 1 12-ounces through 1966. 3 9-month average. n.a.-not available. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Cents Peaches, Grape 1 Relish canned, jelly, lg- sweet 21f2 can ounces pickle, 12- ounces 34.1 3 31.5 32.5 32.1 26.2 33.1 35.2 26.6 33.9 34.4 27.9 35.0 35.2 29.9 36.9 36.7 31.4 39.1 37.5 32.9 41.8 41.0 35.3 44.0 52.2 45.2 48.9 59.2 61.2 57.7 59.0 58.6 60.6 57.9 59.6 60.4 58.7 59.5 61.2 58.6 59.1 61.7 58.6 59.0 61.4 58.1 58.8 60.0 58.6 58.8 59.3 59.1 58.3 58.7 59.1 58.0 59.1 59.4 58.2 59.6 59.7 58.4 61.5 59.7 58.0 62.4 60.2 57.5 62.4 60.3 57.6 63.3 60.2 57.2 63.4 60.7 57.5 63.7 60.7 57.5 63.6 61.6 57.7 62.1 62.3 58.0 61.0 61.7 57.9 60./
TABLE S-14 -- LIQUID SUGAR <SUCROSE AND INVERT>: WHOLESALE LIST PRICESt SELECTED CITIESt BY MONTHSt 1975 1977 1/ CITY : JAN : FEB : MAR : APR : MAY : JUNE : JULY : AUG : SEPT : OCT : NOV : DEC : AVG -----...---...--...--...-...------------------...-----...--...-----------------...-----------------...------...---------------..--- 1975 - - CENTS PER POUND 21 - - - ATLANTAt GAo BAL T!MORE t HDo BOSTONt MASSo BUFFALOt N.Y. CHICAGOt ILL. CINCINNATit OHIO CLEVELAND, OHIO DALLASt TEXo DETROITt HICHo HOUSTON, TEXo KANSAS CITYt KANSo-HO, LOS ANGELr.s, CALIF. MILVAUKEEt VISo HINNEAPOLIS ST. PAULt MINN. NEW YORKt Ne Y. PHILADELPHIAt PAo PITTSBURGH, PA. ST. LOUISt 110... ILL. SAN DIEGO, CALIFo SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND, CALIFo SEATTLEt WASH, WASHINGTONt D.C. 1976 :57.00 ;56o60 :56.60 :56 o60 :s.tt.6o :56.60 :56,60 :54.6 0 :56.60 :54.60 15~.60 ; 50 o1 0 :54.6 0 :54.6 0 :56.60 :56.60 :56.60 :54.60 :50.10 :so.xo :50o20 :56.60 53.00 53o00 53.00 53.00 48o30 53o00 53.00 48.10 53.00 4Bo10 4B.30 HolO 4Bo30 '18.:50 53.00 S3o00 53.00 48.30 44.10 44.10 lf6.20 53.00 47.oo 47.00 47.00 47.00 lf't.30 47.oo n.oo 44.30 HoOD Ho30 ~4.30 ~2.10 44o30 lf4.30 n.oo 47.00 47.00 44.30 42.10 42o10 4lo40 Ho 00 37o20 37 ooo 37.oo 37.oo 34.20 37.00 "37.00 34.20 37.00 34o20 34.20 32o10 34.20 34 o20 37.00 37.oo 37.00 34.20 32.10 32.to 3lo20 37o00 37o20 37.00 37o00 37.00 34.20 37o00 37.00 34.20 37o00 34o20 34.20 32.10 Ho20 34o20 37.00 37o00 37.00 34.20 32.10 32.10 31o20 37o00 27.30 3~o70 32.70 32.70 2BoBO 32.70 32.70 28.80 32o 70 2B.80 2BoBO 26o10 2Bo80 28.80 32.70 32o 70 32.70 28oBO 26.10 2:.10 25.20 32.70 23oOO 23o60 23.60 23.60 21.50 23.60 23.60 2lo50 23.60 2lo50 21.50 19o60 2lo50 21.50 23.60 23.60 23.60 2lo50 19.60 l9o60 19o70 23.60 2B.10 J6o 70 26o70 26.70 26.10 26.70 26.70 25o90 26.70 25o90 26ol0 2~ o10 26ol0 26ol0 26.70 26o 70 26o70 26.10 2~ olo 24ol0 21fe20 26o70 23.90 21fe20 21fe20 2~.20 27.90 27o30 24.20 27.90 27o30 27o90 27.90 27.00 27.90 27.90 2~.20 2~ 20 2h20 27.90 27.00 27.00 27o60 21f. 20 22.20 22o20 22o20 22.20 25.90 24.90 22.20 25.90 Ho90 25.90 25.90 23.20 25.90 25o90 22.20 22.20 22.20 25.90 23.20 23.20 2~.00 22.20 20.00 20.00 20o00 20.00 20.70 20.70 20o00 20o50 20o 70 20.50 20.70 20 elfo 20o70 20.70 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.70 20.40 20 o40 2lol0 20.00 19oBO 19o70 19.30 19.00 l9o 70 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.30 19.oo 19.30 19.30 l9o30 19.00 19.00 19 elfo 32.97 33o31 33.31 33.31 32.15 33.79 33o31 32.07 33.79 32o07 32.15 29.99 32ol5 32.15 33.31 33o31 33o31 32.15 29o99 29.99 30.12 33.31 ATLANTA, GA, BALTIHOREt MOo BOSTON, MASSo BUFFALOt N.Y. CHICAGO, ILL. ClllCINNATlt OHIO CLEVELAND, OHIO DALLASt TEXo DETROITt HICHo HOUSTON, TEX. KANSAS CITYt KANSo HOo LOS ANGELES t CALIF, HILVAUKEEt VISo H INNEAPOLI S ST PAULt H INN. NEW YORKt N.Y. PHILADELPHIA, PAo PITTSBURGH PAo ST. LOUISt HOo ILL. SAN DIEGOt CALIFo SAN FRANCISCO OAKLANDt CALIFo SEATTLE t WASH, l.lashingtont o.c. 1977 ATLANTA, GA. BALTIMORE, HDo BOSTON, HAS$. BUFFALOt N.Y. CHICAGOt ILLo CINCINNATlt OHIO CLEVELAND, OHIO DALLAS, TEX. DETROIT, MICH. HOUSTONt TEXo KANSAS CITYo KANSo MOo LOS ANGELES, CALIF, MILWAUKEE, WIS. HINNEAPOLIS-STo PAULo HINNo NEW YORKt N.Y. PHILADELPHIAo PAo PITTSBURGH, PAo ST. LOUISt MO.-ILL. SAN DIEGO, CALIF, SAN FRANCISCO OAKLANDo CALIFo SEATTLE, WASH, WASHINGTON, DoCo :20.70 :20.50 :20.50 :20.50 :n.oo :20.50 :20.50 :18.30 :20.50 :18.30 :19.o 0 :19.to :19,00 :n.oo :20.50 :20.50 :20.50 :19.00 :19.10 :19.10 :18.80 :20.50 :I Sol 7 :ts.lo :15.10 :xs.xo :14.50 :14.50 :I SolO :14.50 :14.50 :l'h50 : 14o50 :H,50 :1~.50 :14.so :15.10 :X SolO ; I SolO :H.50 :14,50 :H.so : l\o50 :XSolO 20.90 20.70 20.70 20o70 lbobo l8o80 20.70 18.30 1Bo80 1Bo30 18.80 l9o10 1BoBO 18o80 20o 70 20.70 20.70 lb. 80 l9ol0 19.10 18oBO 20.70 16o25 l6o25 16.25 l6o25 15oB7 16.22 16o 2S 15o50 16.22 15o50 15 o87 15.90 15.87 15.B7 16.25 16.25 16.25 15.87 15.90 15.90 l5o90 16o25 20.00 20o20 20.20 20.20 19.00 18.90 20o20 l8o90 1Bo90 1Bo90 19.00 1B.60 19.00 19.00 20o20 20.20 20.20 l9o00 18.60 1Bo60 18.90 20.20 l6o2l 16o 35 16.35 16.35!So 70 15.70 16.35 15.70 15.70!5o 70!So 70 15.60 15o70 15.70 16.35 16.35 l6o 35 15.70 1S.60 l5o60 15.62 16o35 19.90 21.70 21.70 21o 70 19.90 21.70 19.90 l9o90 19.90 18.60 l9o 70 2lo 70 21.70 21.70 1Bo60 18o60 1Bo90 21.70 17 ols 17ol5 17.15 17 ol5 16o30 16.30 17.15 16.30 16.30 16.30 16.30 16.25 16.30 16.30 l7ol5 17ol5 17 ol5 16o30 16.25 l6o25 16.25 17 o15 20.90 20.90 20o90 20o90 19.30 19.50 20.90 19o30 l9o50 l9o 30 19.30 18.60 19.30 l9o30 20o90 20.90 20o90 19.30 1Bo60 1Bo60 1Bo90 20.90 lboh 1Bo45 18.lf5 18.45 17o80 17oBO 1Bo45 l7obo l7o80 17 obo 17oBO 17oH 17.80 11.eo 18elf5 1Bo45 18.~5 17oBO l7o47 17elf7 17o55 18.1f5 20o60 19elf.O 19elf0 19.40 19.40 19.~0 19.40 19.20 19.~0 19.40 20o60 19.~0 19.20 19.20 19.H 16.38 16.60 16.60 16.60 l5o9l 15.92 16o60 15.92 15.92 15o92 15.92 15.65 15.92 15.92 16.60 l6o60 16.60 15.92 15.65 15.65 15.65 l6o60 19.60 19o 70 19.10 19.10 l9ol0 l9ol0 19.10 l9ol0 18.60 19ol0 19ol0 19.10 l8o60 1Bo60 1 Bo60 19 70 19o00 1Bo90 18.90 1Bo90 l9o50 19.40 1B.90 19o50 n.~o 19.50 19o50 1B.90 19.50 19.50 1Bo90 1Bo90 IB.90 19.50 1Bo90 18o90 18o!O 18.90... --------... ------------... ---.. ------.. --.. -.. ---------------.. ----------------------------------------------------... --... -------... -------- 1/ THE ~HOLESALE PRICE IS THE PRICE AT WHICH REFINED SUGAR IS OFFERED TO RETAILERS AND OTHER MAJOR USERS. THE ACTUAL DELIVERED PRICE WHICH INCLUDES 'FREIGHT PREPAYS' HAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE QUOTED PRICE DUE TO DISCOUNTS AND ALLOWANCES. THE WHOLESALE PRICE IS LAGGED TO ALLOW FOR THE MOVEMENT OF SUGARS THROUGH TRADE CHANNELS, WHOLESALE PRtCE SHOWN IS FOR TH TUESDAY NEAREST THE 23RD OF THE PREVIOUS HONTHo 21 DRY BASIS.. 15o30 15.~0 15elf0 15.~0 l5obo lsobo 15.~0 15o80 lsobo 15o80 15.80 l5obo 15. BO 15.80 15.~0 15.~0 15o40 15.80 15o80 l5obo 15oBO l5obo o. 0 ).0 o o 14.30 Ho60 1\.60 Ho60 14.20 14.30 Ho60 14.20 14o30 14o20 14.20 13.40 Ho20 14o20 14o60 14o60 Ho60 Ho20 13.40 13.~0 13.~0 Ho60 15.10 15.50 15.50 15.50 1.5o00 15.00 15.50 1So00 l5o00 15.00 15.00 14.eo 15.00 15.00 l5o50 15.so 15.50 15.00 HoBO HoBO 15.00 15.50 1S.BO 15.90 15.90 15.90!SolO!SolO 15.90 l5ol0 15 olo!solo lsolo!4.90 15.to 15.10 15o90 15.90 15.90 lsolo l4o90 14.90 l4o90 15.90 18.51!So 72 18.72 lbo 72 17.82 17.97 lb. 72 17.13 17.97 17o73 l7o82 17.lf7 17o82 17o82 l8o7a lbo 72 lb. 72 17.82 17oH 17oH 17.~9 1Bo7 5 16.59 16.65 16.65 16.65 16o01 16o07 16.65 15.95 16o07 l5o95 l6o0l 15oB9 l6o01 16.01 16.65 16.65 16o65 16o0l 15.B9 l5ob9 l5o91 16.65 SSft Vot. 2, No. 8. SEPTEMBER 18n 31
TABLE S-15 -- GRANULATED SUGAR: WHOLESALE LIST PRICES, 1~0 POUND PAPER BAGS, SELECTED CITIESt BY MONTHS, 1975-1977 1/ CITY : JAN : FEB : MAR : APR : MAY : JUNE : JULY : AUG : SEPT : OCT : NOV : DEC : AVG - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CENTS PER POUND - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 197S ATLANTA, GA. &ALTIMOREt MO. BOSTONt MASS. BUFFALO, N,y, CHICAGO, ILL. C!NC!NNATit OHIO CLEVELAND, OHIO DALLASt TEX. DETROITt MICH. HOUSTON, TEX. KANSAS CIT'ft KANS.-MO. LOS ANGI::LE'St CALIF MILWAUKEEt I.IIS..~INNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MINN. NEW YORKt N.Y. PHILAOELPHIAt PA. PITTSBURGH, PA. ST, LOU! St MO.-ILL SAN DIEGOt CALIF. SAN FRANC I SCO-OAKLANO, CALIF SEATTLEt IJASH. WASHINGTON, D.C. 1176 ATLANTAt GA. BALTIMOREt MO. BOSTONt MASS. BUFFALOt N.Y. CHICAGO, ILL. CINCINNAT!t OHIO CLEVELAND, OHIO 0 ALLA S, TE X OETROITt MICH. HOUSTON t TEX KANSAS CITYt KANS.-MO. LOS ANGELESt CALIF. MILWAUKEEt!,US. MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MINN. NEW YORK t N. y, PHILADELPHIA, PA. PlTTSBURGHt PA. ST. LOUISt MO.-ILL. SAN OIEG'Ot CALIF. SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND, CALIF. SEATTLEt WASH. WASHINGTON, o.c. 1977 ATLANTA, GA. BALTIMOREt MO. BOSTONt MASS. BUFFALOt N.Y. CHlCAGOt ILL. CINCINNATI, OHIO CLEVELAND, OHIO OALLASt TEX. OETROITt MICH. HOUSTON, TEX. KANSAS CITYt KANS.-MO. LOS ANGELE.S, CALIF MILWAUKEEt I.IIS. MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAULt MINN. NEW YORKt N.Y. PHILAOELPHIAt PAo PITTSBURGH, PA ST. LOUIS, 110.-It.L. SAN OIEGOt CALIF. SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLANOt CALIF. SEATTLE, \.lash. WASHINGTON, D.C. :57.00 :57.00 :57.00 :s7.00 :S4.80 :57.00 :57.00 :54.80 :57.00 :54.80 :54.80 :S0.30 :54.80 :54.80 :57.00 :57.00 :57.00 :54.80 :5o.3o :so.3o :50.30 :57.00 :21.40 :21.30 :21.30 :21.30 :19.00 :19.00 :19.00 :1e.3o :19.00 :18.30 :19.00 :19.40 :19.00 :19.00 :21.30 :21.30 :21.30 :19.00 :19.40 :t9.40 :19.00 :21.30 :15.87 :15.80 : 1S.80 :1S.&O!14.85 :14.85 :15.80 :14.85 :14.85 :14.8S :14.8S :14.85 :14.85 :14.85 :15.80 :15.80 :1s.8o :14o8S :14.85 :14.8S :14.as :15.80 53.lt0 53.40 S3.40 53.40 48.so 53.40 53.4(1 48.50 53.40 48.50 48.50 44.30 48.50 48.50 53.40 53.40 S3.40 48.SO lf4. 30 44.30 46.30 S3.40 21.60 21.SO 21.50 21.50 18.80 18.80 2l.SO 18.30 1a. eo 18.30 18.80 19.40 18.80 1a.eo 21.50 21.SO 21.50 18.80 19.40 19.40 19.00 21.50 16.95 16.9S 16.9S 16.95 16.22 16.22 16.95 1S.85!6.22 1s.as 16.22 16o2S 16.22 16.22 lbo95 16.9S 16. 9S 16o22 16.2S 16.2S 16.2S 16.95 4 7. 40 47.40 4 7.40 47.40 44.so 47.40 47.40 4lf.50 47.40 44.so 44.50 42.30 44.50 44.SO lf7.40 If 7.40 If 7.40 44.50 tt2. 30 lf 2. 30 41.SO 47.40 20.70 21.00 21. uo 21.00 19.40 19.20 21.00 18.90 19.20 18.90 19.40 18.90 19.lf0 19.40 21.00 21.00 21.00 19.40 18.90 18.90 19.00 21.00 16.91 17.as 11.as 17.os 16. OS!6.05 17.05 16.05 16.05 16.05 16.05!S.95 16.05 16.05 17.as 17.os 17. OS 16oOS 15.95 IS.95 1S.97 17.as 37.40 37.40 37.40 37.40 34.40 :n.4o 37.40 34.40 37.40 34.40 34.40 32.30 34.40 34.40 37.40 37.40 37.40 34.40 32.30 32.30 31.30 37.40 19.90 22.so 22oSO 22.so 20 old 20.30 22.so 19.90 20.30 19.90 20.10 18.90 20.10 20.10 22.50 22.SO 22.50 20.to 18.90 la.90 19.00 22.60 17.8S 17. as 17.85 17.8S 16.6S 16.6S 11.as 16.65 16.6S 16.65 16.65 16.60 16.65 16.65 17.85 11.as I 7.8S 16.65 16.60 16.60 16.60 17.as 37.40 37.40 37.40 37.ItO 34.40 37.40 37.40 3lt.40 37.40 34.40 34.40 32.30 34.40 34.40 37.40 37.lfO 37.40 34.40 32.30 32.30 31.30 37.40 21.60 21.70 21.70 21.70 19.90 21.70 19.30 19.90 19.30 19 70 18.90 2lo70 21.70 21.70 18.90 18.90 19.00 21.70 19.11 19.15 19.15 19.15 18.15 18.15 19ol5 18ol5 18.15 18.1S 18.15 17o82 18ol5 18.15 19.15 19.15 19.15 18.15 17.82 17.82 17.90 l9ol5 27.70 33.10 33.!0 33.10 29.00 BolO 33.!0 29.00 33.10 29.00 29.00 26.30 29.00 29.00 33.10 33.10 33.10 29.00 26.30 26.30 2S. 30 33.!0 21.30 21.40 21.40 21.40 19.80 19.80 21.40 19.40 19.80 19.41) 19.80 19.50 19.80 19.so 21.40 21.40 21.40 19.80 19.50 19.50 19.SO 21.40 11.oa 17.30 17.30 17.30 16.27 16.27 17.30 16.07 16.27 16.27 16.27!6. 00 16.27 16.27 17.30 17.30 17.30 16.27 16.00 16.00 16.00 17o30 23 20 2lf.oo 24.00 24.00 21.70 24.00 2lf. OIJ 21.70 24.00 21.70 21.70 1 13.80 21.70 21.70 24.00 24.oo 24.00 21.70 19.80 19.80 19.80 24.00 2 0. 30 20.so 20.50 20.so 19.SO 19.SO 20.SO 19.10 19.50 19.10 19.50 18.90 19.50 19.SO 20.so 20oSO zo.so 19.50 18.90 18.90 1~ 80 20.SO o. 0 0.a 0.a 28.30 27.10 27.!0 2 7.I 0 2bol 0 27.10 27.10 26.10 21.10 2bol0 26.10 24.30 26.10 26.10 21.10 21.to 27 10 26 o!o 24.30 24.30 24.30 27.10 19.90 19o8P 19.50 19.80 19.50 19.90 19.20 19.90 19.90 1 q. 70 19.90 19.20 19.20 18.90 o. 0 24.50 24.80 24. so 24. eo 28.20 27.70 24.80 28.20 27.70 28.20 28.20 27.30 28o20 21h20 24.80 24.80 2lf. 8 0 28.20 27.30 27.30 21.eo 24.80 16.00 16.20 16.20 16.20 16.20 16.20 16.20 16.20 16.20 16.20 16.20 16.00 16.20 16.20 16.20 16o20 16.20 16.20!6. 00 16.00 16.00 16.20 o. 0 o. 0 o. 0 o. 0 o. 0 o. 0 o. 0 o. 0 o. 0 22.80 22.80 22.80 22.80 26.20 2So20 22.80 26.20 25.20 26.20 26.20 23.70 26.20 26.20 22.80 22.eo 22.80 26.20 23.70 23.70 24.20 22.80 15.00 15.40 15.40 15.40 14.60 \4.70 15.40 14.60 14.70 14.60 14.60 13.80 14.60 14.60 15.40!5.40 15.40 14.60!3.80 13.80 13.80 15.40 ~. 0 20.70 20.70 20.70 20.70 20.70 20.70 20.so 20. 7(1 20.70 20.70 20.eo 20.so 21.30 15.80 16.20 16.20 16.20 15.40 15.40 16.20 15.lf0 15.40 15.40 1S.40 15.20!S.40 1S.40!6.20 16.20 16.20 15.4 0 ls.20 15.20 15.20 t6o20 20.so 20.so 20.so 20.50 19.30!9.30 20.so 19o 00 19.30 19.00 19.30 19.30 19.30 19.30 20.50 20.50 20.50 19.3 0 19.30 19.30 19.so 20.so 16.50 16.60 16.60 16.60!So 50 ls.so 16.60 15.so 15.SO 1s.so 15.50 15.30 15.50 15.50 u. 6o 16.60 16.60 15.so 15.30 IS.30!S.30!6.60 0.a 33.35 33.79 33.79 33.79 32.32 34.14 33.79 32o29 34.14 32.29 32.32 30.25 32.32 32.32 33.79 33.79 33.79 32.32 30.25 30.2S 30.24 33.79 19.15 19.50!9.50!9.50 18.16!Sol 7!9o31 17.87 18o17 17 8 7 18.16 17.78 18.16 18.!6 19.50 19oSO 19.50 18.16 17.78 17.78!7.71 19.50 17.29 17 o35 17.35 17.3S 16.36 lbo36 17.35 16.27!6.36 16.30 16.36 16.24 16.36!6o36 17.35 17.35 17.35 16.36 16.24 l6o24 16.26 17.35 11 THE WHOLESALE PRICE IS THE PRICE AT WHICH REFINED SUGAR IS OFFERED TO RETAILERS AND OTHER MAJOR USERS THE ACTUAL DELIVERED PRICE WHICH INCLUDES FREIGHT PREPAYS MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE QUOTED PRICE DUE TO DISCOUNTS AND ALLOWANCES. THE WHOLESALE PRICE IS LAGGED TO ALLOW FOR THE MOVEMENT OF SUGARS THROUGH TRADE CHANNELS. WHOLESALE PRICE SHOWN IS FOR THE TUESDAY NEAREST THE 23RO OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. 32 SSA Vol. 2, No. 9,SEPTEMBER 1977
TABLE S-16 -- BULK O~Y SUGAR:. WHOLESALE LIST PRICES, SElECTED CITIES, BY MONTHS, 1975-1977 1/ CITY : JAN : FEB : MAR : APR : HAY : JUNE : JULY : AUG : SEPT : OCT : NOV : DEC : AYG 1975 ATLAN:fAt GA. BALT!MOREt MOo BDSTONt MASSe BUFFALO, NeYe CHICAGOt ILL. - RAIL CHICAGO, lllo TRUCK CINCINNATlt OHIO CLEVELANOo OHIO DALLAS, TEX. OETROITt M!CHo HOUSTON, TEX. KANSAS ClTYt KANS.-MO.- RAIL KANSAS ClTYt KANS.-MO.- TRUCK LOS ANGELESo CALIF, MILWAUKEE t ill So RAIL HILWAUKEEt W!S, TRUCK MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAULo MINN. -RAIL MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAULo MINN. - TRUCK NEW YORKt N.Y. PHILAOELPHIAt PAe PITTSBURGH, PA. ST. LOUIS, MOo RAIL ST LOUt St r10e - TRUCK SAN OIEGOt CALIF. SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLANDt CALIF, SEATTLE, WASH. WASHINGTON, o.c. 1976 ATLANTAt GA. BALTIMOREt MOe BOSTONt MASS. BUFFALO, N.Y. CHICAGO, ILL. - RAIL CHICAGOt llle - TRUCK CINCINNAT!o OHIO CLEYELANDt OHIO DALLAS, TEX. DETROIT t MICH. HOUSTONt TE~ KANSAS CITYt KANS.-MO.- RAIL KANSAS CITYt KANS.-MO.- TRUCK LOS ANGELES, CALIFo MILWAUKEE, WIS. RAIL MILWAUKEEt WIS. - TRUCK M!NNEAPOLIS-STo PAULo MINN. RAIL MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAULo MINN. - TRUCK NEW YORKt N.Y. PHILADELPHlAt PA.. PITTSBURGHt PA. ST. LOUISt MOe - RAIL ST, LOU I So MO. - TRUCK SAN DIEGO, CALIF. SAN FRANC!SCO OAKLAND, CALIF, SEATTLEt WASH. WASHlNt;TONt OeCe 1977 ATLANTA, GA. BALTIMORE t MOo 80S TON t MASS. BUFFALO, N.Y. CHICAGO, ILL. - RAIL CHICAGO, ILLo - TRUCK CINCINNAT!t OHIO CLEVELANDt OHIO DA.LLASt TEX. DETROIT, MICH. HOUSTON, TEX. KANSAS CITYt KANSo MO,- RAIL KANSAS CITYt KANSo MOo TRUCK LOS ANGELES, CALIF, MILWAUKEE, WIS. RAIL MILWAUKEE, ills, - TRUCK MINNEAPOLIS S~. PAULo MINN. RAIL HINNEAPOLIS ST. PAULo HINNo - TRUCK NEY YORKt NeY' PHILADELPHIA, PAo PITTSBURGH, P A, ST, LOU!St MOo RAIL ST LOU! So MOo TRUC~ SAN DIEGOt CALIF, SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLANDt CALIF. SEATTLE, ~ASH, WUHINGTON, OoCo :56.60 :56.60 :56.60 :56.60 :54.40 :54.70 :56.60 :56,6 0 :54.60!56.60 :54.6 0 :54.40 :54.7 0 :50.0 0 :54.40 :54.70 :54.40 :54.70 :56.60 :56.60 :56.60 :54.40 :54.70 :so :so.oo :50.10 :56.60 : :20.50 :2 0.s 0 :20.so : le.so : ls. 70 :!e.so :20.50 :!BolO :ts.so :!SolO :1S.50!18.70 :19.30 :18.50 :18.70 as.so : 18.70 :20.50!20.50 :20.50 :!S.50 :1So70 :19.30 :19.30 :18.90 :20.50 :14.97 :!4o9U :14.90 :14.90 :14.20 :14.so :14 20 :14.90 :14.20 : 1lt.50 :14.20 :14.20 :14.50 :14.40 :10.20 :14.50 :14.20 :14.. 50 :14.90 :14.90 :14.90 :Ho20 :H.50 :llh~o :14.40 :14 "0 :14.90 - - - - - - - - - CE;~TS PER POUND - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 53o00 53.00 53.00 53.00 48o10 48.20 53.00 53.00 48.10 53.00 48.10 4e.to tt8.20 44.1)0 4B.!O 48.20 48.10 4S. 20 53.00 53.00 53.00 48.10 4So20 44.00 44.oo 46.!0 53.00 20.90 20.70 2 0.70 20 o70 1So20 113.50 16.20 20.70!SolO le.zo 16.10 16.20 18.50 19.00 18.20 1So50 1So20 16.50 20.70 20.70 20.70 1So20!So 50 19.00 19.00!So 90 20.70 16.05 16.05 16o 05 16.05 15.57 15 os7 15.57 16o05 15.40 15.57 15o40!So 57 l5ob7!s.eo 15.57 15.87!5.57 15. S7 16.05 16o05 16.05 15.57!5oS7 15.80 15.80 15.eo 16.05 47.oo 47.00 47.00 47.00 44.10 44.40 47.00 H.oo 44.30 47.00 44.30 44.10 44.40 42.00 44.10 4lt. 4 0 44 olo 44.40 47.00 47. DO 47.00 44.10 44.40 42.00 42.00 lf 1. 30 47. ~c 20.00 20.20 20.20 20.2C 1e.so 19.10!S.60 20.20 18.6C!So 60 1e.6o 18.80 19.!0 18.so 18.80 19.10 1e. eg 19.10 20.20 20.20 20.20 18.80 19.!0 te.so!e.so 18.80 20.20 16.01 16.!5 16.!5 16.!5 15.40 15.70 15.40 16.!5 15.40 15.40 15.40 15.40 15o 70 15.50 15.40 15.70 15.40 15.70 16.15 16.15 16.15 15 o40 15.70 15o50 15.50 1~.52 16.15 37.00 37.00 37.00 :n.oo 34.oo 34.30 37.00 n.oo 34.0 0 37.00 34.00 34.00 34.30 32.00 34.00 34.30 34.00 34.30 37.00 37.00 37.00 34.00 34.30 32.00 32.00 31 ol 0 37.00 19.60 21.70 21.70 21.70 19.so 19.80 19.8G 21.70 19oSO 19.50!9.SO 18.so 1'3.50 l9o80 19.50 19.eo.21.70 21.70 21.70 19.50 19.eo te.. 50 16.50!So SO 21.70 16.95 16.95 l6o95 16.95 16.00!6o30 16.00 16.95 16.00 16.00 16o00 16.00 16o 30 16.!5 16.00 16.30 16.00 16o30 16o95 16.95 16.95 16o00 16.30 16ol5 16.15 16 o15 1f...QI:; 37.00 37.oo :n.oo 37.oo 34.00 34.30 37.00 :n.oo 34.00 37.oo 34.00 34.00 34.30 32.00 34.oo 34.30 34.oo 34.30 n.oo 37.00 37.oo 34.00 3lt.30 32.00 32.00 31.10 37.oo 20.90 20.90 20.90 20.30 19.to 19.40 20.90 20.90 19.00 19.'30 19.00 19.! 0 19.40 te.80 19 1 0 19.40 19.10 19.40 2?.90 20.90 20.90 19.10 l'h40 18.eO ts.eo 18.80 20.90!e.21!S.25 le.25 18.25 17.50 l1oso 17.50 18 25 17.50 17.50 17.60 17.50 1 T.so 11.37 17.so 17.so 17.50 17oSO 1Ao25 1e.25 1So25 17.so 17.so l7o37 17.37 17.45 1 A.25 27o50 32.70 32.70 32.70 28.60 2e.90 32.70 32.70 28.60 32.70 28.60 28.60 2eo90 26.00 28.60 28.90 2So60 28.90 32.70 32.70 32.70 28.60 28.90 26.00 26.00 25.10 32.70 19e10 19.40 19.10 19.20 1 '1. 10 19.10 19.4 0 19 o40 19.10!9o4C l9o10 19.40 19.10 19.40 19.40 19.40 19.30 16.18 16.40 16.40 16.40 15.62 15.62 15.62 16.40 15.62 15.62 15.62 15.62 15.92!5.55 15.62 15.92 15.62 15.92 16.40 16.40 16.40 15 o62 15o92 15.55 15.55 15.52 16.40 22.20 23.60 23.60 2 3.60 2!.30 2!o60 23.60 23.60 21.30 23.60 21.30 21.30 21.60 19.50 21.30 21.60 21.30 21.60 23.60 23.60 23.60 21.30 21.60 19.50 19.50 19.60 23.60 19.60!9. 70 18.90 19.20 18.80 18 ol 0 18.eo 1S. 90 19.20 1e.70 1S.90 19.20 18.90 19.20 1S.90 19.20 lr,70 1S.70 1S.50 27 o90 26.70 26.70 26oH 25oSO 26.10 26.70 26.70 25.80 26.70 25.80 2s.eo 26.10 22.50 25.SO 26.10 25.80 26o!O 26.70 26.70 26.70 25.80 26.10 22.50 22.50 24.10 26.70 19. DC 18.90 1S.90 18.':'C 19.30 19.60 IS.90 18.90 13.20 19.20 19.20 19.30 l9o60 1e.9o 1'3.30 19.60 19.30 19.60!Ao90 1S.90 18.90 19.3l) 19.60 18.90 1e.90 1S.40 18.90 o. 0 23.90 24.20 Ho20 21f.20 27.so 2e. 00 27.40 2"'20 27.80 27 o40 27.so 21.eo 2S. 00 26.90 27.eo 28.00 27.so 28.00 24.20 24.20 24.20 27.SO 28.00 26o90 26.90 27.so 24.20 15.30 15.4 0 15.40 15.40 15.50 16.00 15.50 15.40 15.50!5o 50!5o 50 15.50 16.00!5.eo 15.50 16.00!5. 50 16.00 15.40 15.40 15.40 15.50 16.00 ts.eo!5.eo 15.70 15.4-0 o. 0 o. 0 o. 0 o. 0 o. 0 22.20 22.20 22.20 22.20 25.80 26.00 24.eO 22.20 25.80 24.SO 25.80 25.80 26.0 0 23o20 25.80 26.00 25.80 2full0 22.20 22.20 22.20 25.80 ~6.00 23.20 23.20 23.'30 22.20 ------... ---------.-- ------... -... ----... -... -----... -----------... -----------------------... ---------... -------------... ---.. ------------ 1/ THE WHOLES~LE PRIC IS THE PRICE AT WHICH REFINEO SUGAR IS OFFERED TO RETAILERS AND OTHER MAJOR USERSo THE ACTUAL DELIVERED PRICE WH!Ctf INCLUDES ~FREIGHT PREPAYS' HAY BE DIFFERENT FROH THE QUOTED PRICE DUE TO DISCOUNTS ANO ALLOWANCES, THE WHOLESALE PRICE IS LAGGEO TO ALLOW FOR THE MOVEMENT OF <UGARS THROUGH TRADE CHANNELS, WHOLESALE PRICE SHOWN IS FOR THE TUESDAY NEAREST THE 23RD OF TME PREVIOUS HONTHo SSR Vol. 2. No.9. SEPTEMBER 1977 33 14.20 Ho50 14.50 14.50 13.80 14.20 13.90 14.50 13.80 13.90 13.8 0!3.eo 14.20 13.30 13.80 14.20 13.80 14.20 14.50 14.50 14.50 13.80 14.20 13.30 13.30!3. 30 14.50 2o 2o 20.00 2o 20.40 211.40 20.00 20.40 20.4C 20.40 20.40 20.30 20.40 2?.40 20 og G 2 0 20.00 20.40 20.30 20.30 21.00 20.00 11+.90 15.30 15.30 15.30 14.70 15. co llf. 70 15.30 14.70 14, 7C 14.70 14.70 15.00 14.70 14.70 15.00 14.70 15.oo 15.30 15.30 15.30 14.70 15.00 1 q. 70 14.70 14.70 15.30 19.eo 19.00 1?. 30 18.70 18.70 18.70 18.70 19.00 19.30 18.70 19.GO 19.30 19.oo 19.30 19.00 19.30 1A.70 te.7g 19.30 15.60 15.70 15.70 15.70 14.6n 15o10 14.80 15.70 14.80 l4.eo!4.80 14oSG 15.10 14.80 14.80 15.!0!4. eo 15.10 15.70 15.70 15.70 14.so 15.10 1'+. 80 14.so 14.eo 15.70 32.8~ 33.31 33.31 33.31 31.94 32.20 33.74 33.31 31.95 33.74 31.95 3!.94 32.20 29.76 31.94 32.20 31.94 32.20 33.31 33.31 33.31 31.94 32.20 29.76 29.76 30.02 33.31 1~.43 18oS7 18.&7 1So67 17.52 11.e3 17.84 18.67 17.45 17.53 17.45 17.52 17.83 17.4 7 17.52 17.83 17.52 17.93 18.67 18.67 1So6 7 I 7.52 17.83 17.47 17.4 7 17.41 18.67 16.39 16.45 16.45 16.45 15.71 15.96 15.71 16.45 15.69 15.76 15.69 15.71 16oOI 15.79 15.71 16.01 15.71 16.01 16.45 16.45 16.45 15.71 16.01 15.79 15.79 15.81 16.45
TABLe S-17--PRICES AND MARKETING SPREADS BY MONTHSt 1975-77t FLORIDA CANr SUGAR SOLD AT RETAIL, ATLANTAt GAo YEAR AND MONTH : FARM VALUE AND MARKETING SPR~ADS AS A PRICES MARKETING SPREADS PERCENT OF THE RETAIL PRICE :------------------~------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FARM TO DISTRIBU-: RAW DISTRIBU FARM RAW 1/ WHOLE-2/ RAW WHOLE TORS FARM SUGAR WHOLE TORS AND VALUE SUGAR SALE RETAIL SUGAR SALE AND VALUE MILL SALE RETAILERS MILL RETAILERS: SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD 1975 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC WT. AVE.: 25.80 23.60 23.60 18.40 17.40 llo30 9.40 11.90 Ho40 10.90 9o20 8o90 14.65 46oCO 40.10 41.20 30.70 30.10 20.90 15.90 2lo00 24.20 18.90 16.50 15.80 25.43 - - - - CENTS PER POUND - - - - - - - - 61.90 57.30 47.50 39.10 37.10 28.80 23.00 29.50 26.70 24.10 22.30 22.20 33.07 66.10 61.70 55.60 48.80 4lo20 35.40 29.40 30.00 33.30 31.70 30.40 28.30 39.21 20.20 16.50 17.60 12.30 12.70 9.60 6.50 9.10 9o80 8.00 7.30 6.90 10.78 15.90 17.20 6. 30 8o40 7.oo 7.90 7.10 8.50 2.50 5.20 5.80 &.40 7.63 4.20 4.40 8.10 9.70 4.10 6.60 6.40 0.50 6.60 7o60 SolO 6.10 6.15 39.03 38.25 42.45 37.70 42.23 31.92 3l.n 39.67 43.24 34.38 30.26 31.45 36.69 - - - - PERCENT - - 30.56 2~.74 31.65 25.20 30.83 27.12 22.11 30.33 29.43 25o24 24.01 24.38 27.07 24.05 27.88 11.33 17.21 16.99 22.32 24.15 28.33 7.51 16.40 19.08 22.61 19.47 bo35 7.13 14.~7 19.88 9.95 18.&4 21.77 1.67 19.82 23.97 26.64 21.55 16.77 1976 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC WT. AVE.-: 9.70 10.00 9.&0 10.30 10.20 10.30 9.30 9.50 7.50 5.90 6.80 6.&0 9.59 16.80 16.70 16.20 17.60 16.80 16.80 15.50 16.20 12.80 10.30 11.10 11.40 16.13 22.70 23.30 22.40 24.50 23.80 2 3.60 21.60 22.40 19.10 16.40 17.50 17.50 22.58 27.40 27.00 26.90 26o9 0 26o30 26.90 26.90 26.6 0 24.80 24.30 21.80 21.20 26.&1 7.10 bo70 6.60 7.30 &.60 6.50 6.20 6.70 5.30 4.40 4o30 4o80 6.54 5.90 6.60 6.20 6o90 1.oo 6.80 6.10 6. 20 6.30 6.10 6o40 6o10 6.45 4.70 3.70 4.50 2.40 2.50 3.30 5.30 4.20 5.7o 7.90 4.30 3.70 4.04 35.40 37.04 35.69 38.29 38.78 38.29 34.57 35.71 30.24 24.28 31.19 31.13 35.97 25.91 24.81 24.54 27.14 25.10 24.16 23.05 25.19 21.37 18ol1 19.72 22.64 24.56 21.53 24.44 23.05 25.65 26.&2 25.28 22.68 23.31 25.40 25.10 29.36 28.71 24.24 17.15 13.70 16.73 8.92 9.51 12.27 15.79 22.98 32.51 19.72 17.45 15.23 1977 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC WT. AVE.: 6.59 7.36 7.19 7.46 8ol1 7.09 o. 0 7.30 10.80 12.45 12.01 12.68 13.69 12.00 o. 0 o. 0 D.O o. 0 12.27 17.48 19.18 18.68 18.78 20.58 19.07 18.96 20.54 20.3& 19.% 20.88 13.62 4o2l 5.09 4o82 5.22 5.58 4o91 4.97 6.68 6.13 6.67 6.10 6.ij9 7.07 6.69 3.0& 1.18 1.28 2.10-20.58 -l9o07-5.34 32.08 36.15 36.02 35.73 23.33 20.50 25.00 24.15 25.00 Oo'O 15.77 32.52 33.05 33.42 29.21 21.37 14.90 5o80 6.41 10o0& 6.19 1/ ADJUSTED FOR REFINING LOSS. 2/ THESE ARE BASIS PRICES NOT DELIVERED PRICES TO OBTAIN DELIVERED PRICESt ADO "FREIGHT PREPAYS AND DEDUCT DISCOUNTS AND ALLOWANCES. FARM VALUE FOR THE MIDDLE OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. RAW CANE SUGAR PRICE FOR THE 1&TH OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. WHOLESALE PRICE FOR THE TUESDAY NEAREST THE 23RD OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. RETAIL PRICE FOR THE FIRST CONSECUTIVE TUESOAYt WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY OF EACH MONTH. 34 SSR Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
TABLE S-l8--pRICES AND MARKETING SPREADS BY MONTHS 1975-77 BEET SUGAR SOLD AT RETAIL CHICAGO ILLo YEAR AND MONTH PRICES MARKETING SPREADS : FARM VALUE AND MARKETING SPREADS AS A PERCENT OF THE RETAIL PRICE :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FARM VALUE RAil SUGAR IIHOLE-1/ SALE RETAIL FARM TO RAil SUGAR MILL IIHOLE SALE DISTRIBU-: TORS AND RETAILERS! FARM VALUE RAil SUGAR MILL SPREAD WHOLE SALE SPI'IEAO DISTRIBU TORS AND RETAILERS SPREAD 1975 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC lito AVE.: 31.'10 27.60 2'1.80 2lo'IO l8o00 l'lolo 12.20 12.80 15.50 13.60 llo70 10.40 16.8'1 o.n DoO - - - CENTS PER POUND 52.90 '13.90 41.90 32.70 32.70 26o20 20o70 25.20 29o20 27.10 21.60 21.10 29o83 57.60 50.70 '12.80 39.80 33.90 3lo20 27.60 29.10 3lo80 30.90 27.80 26.50 3'1.38 21.50 16.30 l7 olo llo30 1'1.70 12.10 8.50 12.'10 13.70 13.30 9o90 10.70 12.98 4.70 6.80 Oo90 7ol0 1o20 5o00 6o90 3.90 2.60 3o8 0 6o20 5o40 'lo55 5'1o51 5'1o'l4 57.9'1 53.77 53.10 '15ol9 'l'lo20 '13.99 '18.74 '14.66 '12o09 39o25 '17oR9 PERCENT - - 37.33 32.15 39.95 28.39 '13.36 38.78 30.80 '12.61 '13o08 '13o0 'I 35.61 '10.38 38.06 8ol6 13.'11 2.10 17.8'1 3o5'1 16.03 25o00 13o'IO 8ol8 12.30 22.30 20.38 1'1.05 1976 JAN FEll MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JT. AVEo! l0o90 10.90 l0o80 10.80 10.80 12.40 1 o. 80 llo20 9o20 7. 80 8.90 8.20 10.90 20o60 20o80 20.80 20.80 20.10 20.80 18o20 16.'10 17.50 17.50 20.'10 25.90 25.90 25.70 25.90 2'1.80 24.60 24.30 24.30 23o'IC 23.60 23.90 22.00 2'1o97 9.70 9o90 loooo 10.00 9.30 8o'IO 9o80 9o'IO 9.00 8o60 8o60 9.30 9o50 5o30 5o10 4.90 SolO 'lo70 3.80 3.70 3.70 5.20 7.20 6o'IO 4.50 'lo57 42.08 42.08 42.02 4lo 70 43.55 50o4l 4'1.'14 46.09 39.32 33.05 37.2'1 37.27 43.67 37.'15 38o22 38.91 38.61 37.50 3'1o15 40.33 38.68 38.'16 36o'l'l 35.98 '12.27 38.06 20o46 19.69 19.07 19.69 18o95 15.45 15.23 15.23 22o22 30.51 26.78 20.45 1Ro27 gj :J) <: ~ -"' 2? -"' (/) s m.,. s: m :J) ~ 1!1 1977 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC ~ T AVE : 7.85 7.78 8.64 8o78 9.15 8.83 8o50 17.09 17oA'I 17o8'1 18.04 19.82 17.92 l8o09 20oll6 2 3.38 23o38 23.36 15.16 9.24 10.06 9.20 9.26 10.67 9.09 9o59 3.77 5.5'1 5 o5'1 5o32-19.82-17.92-2.93 37.63 33.28 36.95 37.59 2'1.24 44.30 43.03 39.35 39.6'1 27.7 2 1/ THESE ARE BASIS PRICES NOT DELIVERED PRlCESo TO 03TAIN DELIVERED PRICESt ADO "FREIGHT PREPAYS" AND DEDUCT OlSCOUNTS AND ALLOwANCES. FARM VALUE FOR THE MIDDLE OF THE PREVIOUS MONTHo RAW CANE SUGAR PRICE FOR THE 16TH OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. WHOLESALE PRICE FOR THE TUESDAY NEAREST THE 23RD OF THE PREVIOUS MONTHo RETAIL PklCE FOR THE FIRST CONSECUTIVE TUESDAYt IIED~ESDAY AND THURSDAY OF EACH ~ONT~. 18.07 23.70 23.70 22.77 14.71
~ U> U> :D < ~ -"' z?!" U> m ~ m s: "' m :D ~ TABLE S-~9--PRICES AND MARKETI~G SPREADS 9Y MONTHS, 1375-77, LOUISIANA CANE SUGAG SOLD AT RETAIL, CHICAGO, ILL. YEAR AND MONTH 1975 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC ~T. AVE.: 1976 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC WTo AVEo: 1977 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JU~E JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC WTo AVE.: PRICES MARKETING SPREADS : FAR~ VALUE AND MARKETING SP~EADS AS A PE~CENT OF THE RETAIL PRICE :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FARM VALUE 27o20 24o90 24.90 19.40 18.20 1lo9li 9o80 12.60 15.20 11o 4 0 9o60 9o20 15.65 9.60 9.70 9.30 10.00 9.70 9.80 8o90 9o10 7.20 5.70 6.50 6.40 9o20 6o29 7.28 7o10 7.37 8.02 7o01 o.c 7.18 RA o 1/ SUGAR 46.00 <iuolo 41.20 30.70 30.20 20 o% 15.30 21. GC 2 4. 2u 18.80 16.40 15.80 25.87 16.80 16.60 16o10 17o60 16.80 16.80 15.50 16.20 12o80 1Uo20 11o10 11.30 16.U6 10.76 12.41 11o97 12o64 13.65 11.95 o.u 12.23 WHOLE-2/ SALE RETAIL FAi\M TO RAil SUSAR MILL - - - - CENTS PER POUND - - - 55.10 53.00 52.00 32.90 32.90 26.40 20.90 26.40 29.40 27.40 22o8C 21.50 32.37 21.70 21.00 21.00 21o3C 20.30 21.30 21.30 21.30 19.60 16.60 18.20 18.20 20.95 17.86 18.05 18.86 19.06 20.67 19.17 CoO u.c 18.94 57.60 50.70 42.80 39.80 33.90 31.20 27 o6 U 29.10 31.80 30.90 27.80 26.5 0 35.03 25.90 25.50 25.7 0 25.90 24.80 24.6 0 24.30 24.3() 23.40 23.60 23.90 22.00 24.94 20.86 23.38 23.38 23.36 15.1b 18o8G 15.20 1&.30 llo 30 12.00 9.00 6.10 a.4o 1.00 7.40 6.80 6o6C 10.22 7.20 6.9~ c:,.so 7.6C 1.1c 7.0G 6.60 7.1C 5.60 4.50 4.60 4.90 6o86 '1.47 5.13 4.87 5.27 5.63 4.94 5.05 WHOLE SALE 9.10 12. 9-{) 10.80 2.20 2.70 5.50 5.00 5.40 5.20 8.6 0 6.40 5.70 6.50 4.90 4.40 4.90 3.70 3.50 4.50 5.80 5.10 6.80 6.40 7.10 6.90 4.89 7o10 5.64 6.89 6.42 7.02 7.22 6.71 2.50-2.30 -'1.20 6.90 1.00 ~.so 6.70 2.70 2.40 3.50 5.00 5.00 2.66 4.20 4.90 4.70 4.60 4.50 3.30 3.00 3.00 3.80 7.00 5.70 3.80 3.98 3.00 5.33 4.52 4.30-20.67-19.17-3.78 FAR~ VALUE 47.22 ~9.11 58.18 48.74 53.69 38.14 35.51 43.30 47.80 36.&9 34.53 34.72 43.51 37.07 37.45 36.19 38,61 39.11 39.~4 36.63 37.45 30.77 24.15 27.20 29.0 9 36.86 30.15 31.14 30.37 31.55 o.c 20.53 RA\1 SUGAR MILL SPREAD DISTRISU- TORS AliD RETAILERS WHOLE SALE SPREAD - - - - PERCENT - - 32.64 29.98 38.08 28.39 35.40 28.85 22.1C 28.87 28.30 23.95 24.46 24.91 28.49 27.80 26.64 26.46 29.34 28.63 28.46 27.16 29.2 2 23.93 19.07 19.25 22.27 27.47 21.43 21.94 20.83 22.56 c.o 14.46 15.80 25.44 25.23 5.53 7.96 17.63 18.12 18.56 16.35 27.83 23.02 21.51 18.67 18.92 16.99 19.07 14.29 14.11 18.29 23.87 20.99 29.06 27.12 29.71 31.36 19.7~ 34.04 24.12 29.47 27.48 o.c 19.19 DISTRIBU TORS AND RETAILERS SPREAD 4.34-4.54-21.50 17.3'1 2.95 15.38 24.28 '5o28 7.55 11.33 l7.99 18.87 9.33 le.22 1&.92 18.29 17.76 18.15 13.41 12.35 12.35 16.24 29.66 23.85 17.27 15.93 14.38 22.PC 19.33 18.41 o.c r.o 12.49 1/ ADJUSTED FOR REFINING LOSS. 2/ THESE ARE BASIS PRICES NOT DELIVERED PRICES. TO OBTAIN DELIVERED PRICES, ADD "FREIGHT PREPAYS" AND DEDUCT DISCOUNTS AND ALLOWANCES. FARM VALUE FOR THE MIDDLE OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. RAW CANE SUGAR PRICE FOR THE 16TH OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. WHOLESALE PRICE FOR THE TUESDAY NEAREST THE 23RD OF THE PREVIOUS ~ONTHo RETAIL PRICE FOR THE FIRST CONSECUTIVE TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY OF EACH MONTH.
TABLE S-20--PRICES AND MARKETING SPREADS BY MONTHS, 1975 77, BEET SUGAR SOLD AT RETAILt LOS ANGELESt CALIFo YEAR AND MONTH PRICES MARKETING SPREADS : FARM VALUE AND MARKETING SPREADS AS A PERCENT OF THE RETAIL PRICE :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FARM VALUE RAW SUGAR IIHOLE-1/ SALE RETA 11.! FARM TO RAil SUGAR MILL WHOLE SALE DISTRIBU TORS AND RETAILERS FARM VALUE RAW SUGAR MILL SPREAD WHOLE SALE SPREAD DISTRIBU TORS AND RETAILERS SPREAD 1975 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC lit. AVE.: 31.'10 27.60 2'1.BO 21.'+0 18.00 14.10 12.20 12.80 15.50 13.80 11.70 10.40 16.29 - - - CENTS PER POUND 52.'10 50.'10 50.40 3'1.50 3'1.50 28.50 22.00 26.50 29.'10 2 7. '+0 23.80 22o20 31.03 52.60 51.80 50.60 38.90 3'1.20 30.60 25.30 28.40 29.80 28o50 26.50 25.50 32.79 a.o 21.00 22.80 25.60 13.10 16.50 1'1.'10 9o80 13.70 l3o90 13.60 12o10 11.80 1 '1. 7'1 Oo20 1o'IO Oo20 4o'IO -0.30 2o10 3.30 1o90 0.'10 1o10 2.70 3.30 1o76 59.70 53.28 '19.01 55.01 52.63 '16.08 '18.22 '15.07 52.01 '18.'12 'l'lo15 '10.78 '18.97 PERCENT - - 39.92 '1'1.02 50.59 33.68 '18.25 '17.06 38.74 '18.2'1 '16.6'1 '17.72 '15.66 '16.27 4'1.99 0.38 2.70 0.'10 llo31-0.88 6.86 13.0'1 6o69 lo34 3.86 10.19 12.94 6.05 1976 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC \IT. AVE.: 10.90 10.90 10.60 10.80 1o.8o 12.40 10.80 11.20 9o20 7.80 8o90 8.20 10.79 21.90 21.90 21.00 21.00 21.20 22.'10 21.40 21.40 19.00 19.00 18.60 18.50 21.12 24.20 23.50 23.00 22.90 22.80 22.80 23.00 22.90 21.70 21.00 20.80 20.40 22.87 a.o 11o00 llooo 10.20 10.20 10o'IO 10.00 10.60 10.20 9o80 llo20 9.70 10.30 10.32 2.30 1.60 2.00 1.90 1o60 Oo'IO 1o60 1.50 2.70 2o00 2o20 1o90 1.75 '15.0'1 '16.38 '16.96 '17.16 '17.37 5'1.39 'If,. 96 '18.91 '12o'IO 37ol'l '12.79 '10.20 '17.17 '15.45 46o81 '14.35 4'1.5'1 45.61 '13.116 '16.09 '1'1.5'1 '15.16 53.33 '16.63 50.'19 '15.13 9.50 6.81 8.70 8.30 7.02 1.75 6.96 6.55 12.44 9.52 10.58 9o31 7.70 ~ <: "' ~!" z 0 :0 V> m ~ m s: "' m "' ~!::l 1977 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC YT. AVE.: 7.85 7.78 8.6'1 8o78 9o15 8o83 8.50 18.90 18.90 19.90 19.90 20.95 20.70 19.87 20.76 20.82 21.40 21.12 1'1.02 J.O I) 0 ~.o 11.05 llol2 11o26 11.12 11.80 11o87 11.37 1.86 1o92 1o50 1.22-20.95-20.70 5oA6 37.81 37.37 '10.37 '11.57 26.19 53.23 53.'11 52.62 52.65 35.32 1/ THESE ARE BASIS PRICES NOT DELIVERED PRICES. TO OBTAIN DELIVERED PRICES, ADD FREIGHT PREPAYS" AND DEDUCT DISCOUNTS AND ALLOWANCES. FARM VALUE FOR THE MIDDLE OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. RA~ CANE SUGAR PRICE FOR THE 16TH OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. ~HOLESALE PRICE FOR THE TUESDAY NEAREST THE 23RD OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. RETAIL PRICE FOR THE FIRST CONSECUTIVE TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY OF EACH MONTH. 8.96 9o22 7.01 5o78 5.16
II! ~ :n ~ "' z? "' "' ~ m 3: "' m :D... ~ TABLE S-21--PRICES AND MARKETING SPREADS BY MONTHS, 1975-77, OFFSHORE CANE SUGAR SOLD AT RETAIL, NEW YORKt N.Y. YEAR AND MONTH 1975 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC lito AVE.: 1976 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC WT. AVE.: 1977 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC wt. AVE.: PRICES MARKETING SPREADS : FARM VALUE AND MARKETING SPREADS AS A PERCENT OF THE RETAIL PRICE.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FARM VALUE RAI-l 1/ SUGAR 46.00 40.10 '11.20 30.70 30.10 20.90 15.90 21.00 24.20 18.90 16.50 15.80 26.03 16.80 16.70 16.20 17.60 16.80 16.so 15.50 16.20 12.80 10.30 11.10 llo40 16.07 10.80 12.45 12.01 12.68 13.69 12o00 D.O 12.27 IIHOLE-21 SALE RETAIL - - - - CENTS PER POUND 61.90 57.30 47.50 41.60 37.30 31.30 24.60 31.10 31.10 27.10 22.50 22.30 35.32 22.50 23.10 22.60 23.70 23.10 23.80 21.70 22.30 18.30 16.30 17.70 17.70 22.26 17.58 1B.83 18.93 19.35 21.13 18.97 19.13 62.20 57.20 53.60 115.70 111.20 33.00 29.40 311.50 32.20 31.50 28.110 27.70 38.83 27.10 27.00 26.30 u 70 26.50 26.90 2'1.90 26.40 23.30 23.30 22.30 22.30 26.0'1 21o98 22.18 22.112 22.84 14.90 FARM TO RAW SUGAR MILL a.o WHOLE SALE 15.90 17.20 6.30 10.90 7.20 10.40 8.70 10.10 6.90 8.20 6.00 6.50 9.30 5.70 6.40 6o40 6.10 6.30 7.00 6.20 6.10 5.50 6o00 6.60 6.30 6.18 6. 78 6.38 6.92 6.67 7.1111 6.97 6.86 Oo30-0.10 6o10 4o10 3o90 1o70 'lobo 3.40 1o10 4.40 5o90 5.40 3.50 'lo60 3.90 3.70 3o00 3.40 3.10 3o20 11.10 5.00 7.00 4o60 4.60 3.78 4oll0 3.35 3o49 3o49-21.13-18.97-4.23 FARM VALUE RAil SUGAR MILL SPREAD DISTRIBU- TORS AND RETAILERS WHOLE SALE SPREAD PERCENT - - 25.56 30.07 11.75 23.85 17.48 31.52 29.59 29.28 21o43 2 6. 0 3 21.13 23.47 211.29 21.03 23.70 24.33 22.85 23.77 26.02 2'1.90 23.11 23.61 25.75 29.60 28.25 23.76 30.85 28.76 30.87 29.20 19.95 DISTRieU TORS AND RETAILERS SPREAD 0.48-0.17 11.38 8o97 9.47 5.15 16.33 9.8(, 3.42 13.97 20.77 19.'19 10.27 16.97 14.411 14.07 llo24 12.83 11.52 12.85 15.53 21.46 30.04 20.63 20.63 14.62 20.02 15.10 15.57 15.28 10.99 1/ ADJUSTED FOR REFINING LOSS. 2/ THESE ARE BASIS PRICES NOT DELIVERED PRICES. TO OBTAIN DELIVERED PRICES, ADD "FREIGHT PREPAYS" AND DEDUCT DISCOUNTS AND ALLOWANCES. FARM VALUE FOR THE MIDDLE OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. RAW CANE SUGAR PRICE FOR THE 16TH OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. WHOLESALE PRICE FOR THE TUES6AY NEAREST THE 23RD OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. RETAIL PRICE FOR THE FIRST CONSECUTIVE TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY OF EACH MONTH.
TAB~E S-~2~-PRICES AND MARKETING SPREADS BY MONTHSt 1975-77, BEET SUGAR SOLD AT RETAILt SEATTLEt WASH. YEAR AND MONTH PRICES MARKETING SPREADS : FAR" VALUE AND MARKETING SPREADS AS A PERCENT OF THE RETAIL PRICE :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FARM VALUE RAil SUGAR 1/HOLE-1/ SALE RETAIL FARM TO RAil SUGAR MILL WHOLE SALE DISTRIBU-! TORS AND RETAILERS! FARM VALUE RAW SUGAR "'ILL SPREAD WHOLE SALE SPREAD DISTRIBU TORS AND RETAILERS SPREAD, ~ < 2. "' z? -"' en m -< m " s: "' m, j 1975 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC lito AVEo! 1976 JAN FES "'AR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC lito AVEo! 1977 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JT. AVE.: 31.40 27.60 24.BO 21.40 18.00 14.10 12.20 12.1!0 15.50 l3o80 llo 70 10.40 15.44 10.90 10.90 10.80 10.80 10.80 12.40 loo!!o 11.20 9.20 7.80 8o90 8o20 llo05 7.85 7.78 8o64 8o78 9.15 8o83 8.50 c.o - - - CENTS PER POUND 51.00 47.00 42.20 32.00 32.00 26.00 20.50 25.00 28.40 24.80 21.80 20.10 27.17 20.20 19.00 19.60 16.60 14.40 15.40 15.70 19.57 15.46 17.01 16.96 17.46 18.62 16.87 17.06 54.40 5'1.20 51.30 44.'10 37.30 31.60 27.30 30.00 34.00 30.40 25.60 24.60 33.30 23.40 23.70 23.60 23.6 0 23.10 23.40 23.00 22.90 21.30 19.30 19.30 19.50 23.24 19.46 19.8'1 21.00 20.82 13.52 n.o 19.60 19.40 17.40 10.60 14.00 11.90 8.30 12.20 12.90 u.oo 10.10 9.70 11.73 8.8o 8.80 8.90 8.90 8o90 7.80 e-.20 8o40 7.40 6.60 6.50 7.50 8.52 7.61 9.23 8.32 8o68 9.47 8.04 8.56 3.'10 7.20 9.10 12.'10 5o30 5.60 6o80 5.00 5.60 5.60 3o80 4.50 6.14 3.70 4o00 3o90 3.90 3.40 3.20 'looo 3.30 4o70 4.90 3.90 3o80 3.67 4o00 2.83 4.0'1 3.36-18.62-16.87-3.54 57.72 50.92 48.34 48.20 '18.26 4'1.62 '1'1.69 42.67 '15.59 45.39 45.70 42.28 45.74 46.58 45.99 45.76 45.76 46.75 52.99 46.96 48.91 43.19 40.41 46.11 42.05 47.56 110.34 39.21 '11.14 42o17 27.14 PERCENT - - 36.03 35.79 33.92 23.87 37.53 37.66 30.40 40.67 37.9'1 36.18 39.'15 39. 13 35.51 37.61 37.13 37.71 37.71 38.53 33.33 35.65 36.68 34.74 34.20 33.68 38.'16 36.65 39.11 46.52 39.62 'llo69 27.82 1/ THESE ARE BASIS PRICES NOT DELIVERED PRICES. TO OBTAIN DELIVERED PRICESt ADD "FREIGHT PREPAYS" AND DEDUCT DISCOUNTS AND ALLOWANCES. FARM VALUE FOR THE MIDDLE OF THE PREVIOUS MONTHo RAil CANE SUGAR PRICE FOR THE 16TH OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. ~HOLESALE PRICE FOR THE TUESDAY NEAREST THE 23RD OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH. RETAIL PRICE FOR THE FIRST CO~SECUTIVE TUESDAY, ~EDNESDAY ANn THURSDAY OF EACH MONTH. 6.25 13.28 17.74 27.93 111.21 17.72 24.91 16.67 16.47 18.'12 14.84 18.29 18.74 15.81 16.88 16.53 16.53 14.72 13.68 17.39 14.41 22.07 25.39 20.21 19.49 15.79 20.55 14.26 19.2'1 16.14 u. 70 ~
0 69,374 Table S-23-Trends in corn refinery exports, annual 1971-76 and six months, 1976-77 Primary products By-products Total corn Period Corn oil Other by products refiners Corn starch Glucose Dextrose Corn oil cake and exports meal Total Quantity Thouoand pound G I uten feed J Other _l Calendar year 1971....... 46,311 15,469 24,968 15,551 7,090 N.A. N.A. 1,244,548 1,353,937 1972... 56,150 14,068 52,608 25,870 5,312 1,556,296 157,520 1,713,816 1,867,824 1973 0 0 69,221 16,080 66,032 20,608 78,306 1,761,582 230,362 1,991,944 2,242,191 1974... 93,686 20,343 65,953 61,717 15,388 1,426,260 83,690 1,509,950 1,767,037 1975 0 0 0 7.0,730 12,543 64,876 45,422 2,799 1,886,662 163,988 2,050,650 2,247,020 1976 19,620 54,013 74,265 3,618 2,293,804 457,298 2,751,102 2,971,992 First 6 months 1976 0 36,013 5,521 27,789 40,660 2,108 1,127,554 168,282 1,295,836 1,407,927 1977... 42,054 9,146 25,180 28,931 478 1,485,028 756,778 2,241,806 2,34 7,595 Value Thou and dollars calendar year 1971....... 5,343 1,104 2,311 4,213 223 N.A. N.A. 35,010 48.204 1972 0 0. 6,364 927 4,622 5,799 165 48,000 5,344 53,344 71,221 1973 0 8,676 1,445 6,608 5,471 5,330 84,837 9,537 94,374 121,904 1974... 15,355 2,604 9,395 27,418 953 73,131 4,391 77,522 133,247 1975... 14,652 2,063 12,590 22,920 197 97,985 9,347 107,332 159,754 1976... 13,901 1,654 8,432 24,897 183 116,614 20,825 137,439 186,506 First 6 months 1976. 0. 7,934 863 4,545 14,308 121 59,733 8,749 68,482 96,253 1977... 8,298 1,090 3,770 12,215 30 97,171 17.707 114,878 140,281 1 Data appears out of line with past trends, but has yet to be revised. N.A.-Not available. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. 40 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
Table S-24-Corn grind: U.S. estimates for sweeteners and starch, 1960-76 1 Corn for sweeteners 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 Calendar year ' T I :::::::::::::::::I Corn sirup i Hi~~fruct~~-Other 2 58.0 60.8 67.8 74.5 80.9 I Total Dextrose Million bushe/6 Total 58.0 25.6 83.6 60.8 25.5 86.3 67.8 27.3 95.1 74.5 31.8 106.3 80.9 31.2 112.1 Corn f or 3 starch 69.9 70.8 76.3 78.6 81.8 Total grind - ----- 153.5 157.1 171.4 184.9 193.9 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 83.1 85.2 1.0 87.8 2.3 91.0 3.5 94.4 83.1 31.7 114.8 85.2 32.3 117.5 88.8 33.3 122.1 93.3 34.8 128.1 97.9 35.9 133.8 87.4 90.6 93.4 97.6 101.4 202.2 208.1 215.5 225.7 235.2 1970 1971 1972...... 1973.... 1974.... 4.8 97.6 6.2 103.0 8.1 110.9 14.6 120.5 19.3 130.0 102.4 37.0 139.5 109.2 37.2 146.4 119.0 38.7 157.7 135.1 39.9 175.0 149.3 41.3 190.6 103.6 107.4 113.5 118.1 115.3 243.1 253.8 271.2 293.1 305.9 1975.... 1976 4 1977 4 34.7 135.4 49.7 136.9 68.0 140.0 170.1 41.1 211.2 186.6 40.4 227.0 208.0 41.0 249.0 116.1 123.9 126.0 327.3 350.9 375.0 1 These estimates are believed to show the trend in United States grind and are believed to be within 5 percent or less of the actual grind. 2 1ncludes estimates for malta-dextrin and corn sirup solids. 3 1ncludes dextrin. 4 Preliminary. Source: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Table S-25-1 mports of selected sweeteners and molasses, annual 1971-76 and six months total 1976-77 -- Calendar year Corn sweeteners I Maple Glucose sirup Dextrose Sugar Sirup I I, 000 pounds Honey l Saccharin Molasses Edible I Inedible I, 000 gallons 1971... 339 214 4,096 6,360 11,446 1,433 1972 0 1 447 2,223 7,829 38,960 1,368 1973... 700 691 2,613 8,860 10,658 2,072 1974... 326 2,453 1,179 8,836 25,999 3,415 1975 0 0 2,499 4,185 1,443 6,696 46,380 3,088 1976 0 0 4,075 235 1,375 9,771 66,402 2,712 January-June 1976... 3,883 73 781 5,523 32,429 1,141 1977... I 229 465 4,957 29,966 1,448 2,333 399,762 1,623 407,933 2,857 448,139 2,469 415,668 2,483 303,288 3,188 430,485 667 261,137 161 224,680 1 January only. 2 Less than.5 Source: BLS. SSR-Voi. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 41
TABLE S-26--MOLAS.ES: BLACKSTRAPt SEETo CITRUSo ANO CORN!HYOROLit ANNUAL AVERAGE 1972-76, ~ITH FIRST TWO QUARTER AVERAGES 1977t PRICE FoOoBo TANK CAR OR TANK TRUCK 1/ BLACKSTRAP BEET MOLASSES CITRUS CORN MOLASSES : MOLASSES YEAR ---------------------------------------------------------------------:----------------------------- ------------------- 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 2/ QUARTER!... II...,, III... IV...,, NEW SOUTH MINNEAP- CAL!Fo ~!~YO.& ORLEANS : FLORIDA : BAL T!MORE BOSTON OLIS OMAHA PORTS :COLORADO MONTANA ------... --... -----... --------- --------- --------- --------- ----------------------------- - COLLARS PER TON - 27 oll 26.45 29.66 30.58 39.90 40.10 29o 45 57o2B 50.24 60.62 61.14 76.58 75.83 58.28 68.37 67.40 72o25 73.21 88.63 ea. 37 70.82 78.65 45.32 45.63 51.37 52o88 62.75 63.81 50.03 55.80 52.07 51.41 57.60 58.59 72.28 70.46 52.96 66.87 50o20 51.60 56.37 57.43 70.30 68.60 53.27 51.50 40.03 42ol3 46.53 48.20 52.45 57.43 42.97 H.17 78.65 61.81 65.02 55.83 45.08 ORE.tUTAH & IDAHO FLORIDA : CHICAGO --------- -------------------- 37.00 21.75 32.79 45o25 30.00 50.45 71.26 45.(;11 66.27 59.70 41.'H Ho44 61 79 39 o52 50.76 60.95 50.82 49.27 '57.40 50.78 41o25 1/ PER TON PRICES ARE BASED ON 171 GALLONS FOR BLACKSTRAPt BEET ANO CORN MOLASSES AND ON, 175 GALLONS FOR CITRUS MOLASSESo PRICES REPRESENT SALES FoOoBo TERMINAL TO THE GENERAL FEED TRACE AND 00 NOT INCLUDE SALES MACE UNDER VARIOUS PRICING ARRANGEME~TS ABOVE OR BELO~ PRICES GENERALLY AVAILABLE TO THE ULTIMATE USERo TON - 2t000 LBSt GALLON - u.s. GALLON. - 2/ ESTIMATED, MOLASSES MARKET NEWSo ANNUAL SUMHARYo AMSt UoSoOoAo DENVER COLORADOt AND MOLASSES MARKET NE~St WEEKLYo VARIOUS ISSUESo 42 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
TABLE S-21--FEED AND INDUSTRIAL MOLASSES! u.s. PRODUCTION, INSHIPMENTSt IMPORTS, EXPORTS AND UTILIZATION 1971 76 11 YEAR PRODUCTION :----------------------------------------------------------------------~------------------------------------------------- CANE!ESTIMATED: :-------------------------------------------------: u.s.!estimated : REFINERS!!INSHPMNTS! BEET CITRUS : HYDOOL! DOMESTIC! u.s. : ~AINLA~D:AVAILABLE : MAINLAND! BLACK : HA~AII : PUERTO : TOTAL :! SUPPLY IMPORTS! EXPORTS : SUPPLY MILLS : 5TRAP RICO CANE - - - - - - - - - - - ------- ~ILL! ON GALLONS - -.. - - --- - - - - - - - - - - 1971 1972 1973 197~ 1975 1976 21 89 126 ~3 39 50 56 184 227 161 166 10 8 22 23 371 424 ~00 407 1H 45 51 210 158 10 23 401 403 102 ~5 ~4 194 144 11 24 371 394 125 45 49 220 194 10 25 448 30 3 134 50 47 231 192 10 21 453 411 2 775 3 828 5 805 13 743 6 745 11 b53 1971 1972 1973 1974 U75 1976 ESTIMATED UTILIZATION :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INDUSTRIAL YEAR : - -- - - - - -- ----- - : HI XED FEEDS : : PHAR~ACEUTI :!DIRECT FEEDING! APPARENT DISTILLED YEAST : CALS & EDIBLE! TOTAL : AND SILAGE 3/! UTILIZATION SPIRITS CITRIC ACID : MOLASSES - - - --- - - -- - - - - - MILLIO'I GALLONS - - - - - - -.. -- - - - - - - - 8 7 94 99 54 57 5 100 59 16 100 59 21 7 101 60 101 48 156 618 163 667 164 642 175 5B 168 581f 153 701 774 828 805 749 751 853 11 BASED ON MOLASSES ~ARKET NE~S MARKET SUMMARY 1H6 21 ESTIMATED. 31 MOLASSES UTILIZED IN FEEDS IS ESTIMATED BY SUBTRACTI~G MOLASSES U~ED INOUST~ALLY FROM ESTIMATED MAINLA~D SUPPLIES WITHOUT CONSIDERING CHANGES IN STOCKS, SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 43
Table S-28-Soft drinks: Per capita consumption, manufacturers' shipments, sales, and value; with quantity, per capita consumption, and value, of sugar use, 1961-76 Soft drinks Calendar year Manufacturers' Sugar use 2 Per capita Per capita - =-1--~-:-rhlpconsumption Quantity consump- Total Unit value ments tlon value 3 value 4 Million Dollars Million 16-ounces dollars per gallon gallons Gallons Thousand tons Pounds Million dollars Dollars per cwt. 1961... 2,080.80 2,600 115 1962... 2,362.80 2,952 129 1963... -... 2,865.87 3,306 142 1964... - 3,030.87 3,496 148 1965... 3,195.87 3,867 154 1966.... 3,621.90 4,023 166 1967... -... - 3,841.93 4,116 169 1968-... -.' 4,536 1.00 4,536 184 1969... 1 4,662 1.00 4,662 187 14.4 1,081 16.1 1,215 17.7 1,346 18.5 1,410 19.2 1,472 20.8 1,590 21.1 1,614 23.0 1,770 23.4 1,812 11.8 13.1 14.3 14.7 15.2 16.3 16.4 17.8 18.0 195 223 270 279 274 305 321 361 374 9.01 9.16 10.04 9.90 9.31 9.59 9.95 10.20 10.31 1970... -1 5,016 1.03 4,854 193 1971.-...... 5,4 75 1.06 5,151 202 1972... 1 5,703 1.07 5,330 206 1973... 6,241 1.10 5,674 218 1974... 7,850 1.37 5,714 216 1975... j' 9,426 1.60 5,891 221 1976 5. 10,394 1.56 6,663 248 24.1 1,954 25.2 2,073 25.8 2,119 27.3 2,258 27.0 2,292 27.6 2,288 31.0 2,493 19.2 20.1 20.4 21.5 21.7 21.5 23.2 420 481 473 561 1,235 1,218 971 10.75 11.60 11.17 12.43 26.95 26.61 19.47 1 Data on U.S. soft drink shipments, sates, and unit values, computed from "Products and Product Classes-Quantity and Value of Shipments by all All Producers (Including soft drinks, carbonated waters, and single strength quivalent of flavoring extracts and sirups)" reported in the 1958, 1963, 1967, and 1972 Census of Manufacturers, "Beverages," SIC Industry Groups 2086, Soft Drinks and Carbonated Waters, and 2087, Flavoring Extracts and Sirups, Not Elsewhere Classified, MC-20H Series, published Infrequently by the u.s. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C., Data for noncensus years keyed to trend of soft drink production reported in NSDA/ 1976 Sale Survey of the Soft Drink Industry, National Soft Drink Association, Wahington, D.C., August 1977. p. 16. 2 Quantity estimated by Economic Research Service, based on data from Fruit and Vegetable Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. 3 Unit value times total use. 4 Annual average price of sugar delivered to U.S. confectionery manufacturers, from "Total Consumption of Selected Ingredients by the u.s. Confectionery Industry," reported annually In Confectionery Manufacturers' Sales and Distribution (Survey ). U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Domestic and International Business Adminstratlon, Washington, D.C., It ts believed that this price paid by U.S. confectioners is a reasonable estimate of the average annual price of s4gar used in soft drinks. 5 Preliminary. 44 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
1,885 Table S-29- Confectionery: Sales, value, and supply and utilization; with quantity, per capita consumption, and value, of sugar use, 1961-76 Confectionery Calendar year U.S. manufacturers' Unit u.s. Sales value shipments MiUion Cents per douars pound Supply and utilization Sugar use 6 Net Domestic Total change in disa;:)pearance 5 Per lmports 2 supply Exports 3 u invisiand capita Total Unit utili- b le" stocks 4 Per Quantity con sump- value 7 value zation Total capita tion Million pounds I Pounds Thousand Pounds MiUion Cents per tons douars pounds 1961... 1,239 39.6 3,130 1962... 1,259 40.1 3,140 1963... 1,321 40.4 3,269 1964 0 1,412 41.0 3,443 1965 0. 1,444 41.1 3,514 1966... 1,562 42.1 3,710 1967 0 0 0 0 1,647 43.7 3,769 1968 0 1,791 44.9 3,989 1969 0 47.5 3,969 67 3,197 13 31 3,153 76 3,216 11-42 3,247 96 3,365 13-10 3,362 101 3,544 15 39 3,490 93 3,607 17-43 3,633 86 3,796 15 40 3,741 100 3,869 16-56 3,909 119 4,108 16 87 4,005 118 4,087 16-27 4,098 17.2 952 10.4 172 9.01 17.4 958 10-3 176 9.16 17.8 965 10.2 194 10.04 18.2 979 10.2 194 9.90 18.7 992 10.2 185 9.31 19.0 1,004 10.2 193 9.59 19.6 1,016 10.2 202 9.95 19.9 1,070 10.6 218 10.20 20.2 1,008 9.9 208 10.31 l/l l/l :rj < 0 :- "' z 0 "' l/l ft1 ::j ft1 s co ft1 :rj... ""' " ~ 1970... 1,950 48.5 4,020 1971 0 2,014 51.0 3,950 1972... 2,024 52.1 3,885 1973 0 0. 2,186 56.2 3,889 1974...... 2,839 75.9 3,740 1975 0. 2,898 84.3 3,438 1976 9 0 2,983 84.0 3,551 1 Data on U.S. Confectionery shipments, compiled from "Products and Product Classes-Quantity and Value of Shipments by all Producers (Including confectionery and chocolate-type confectionery for retail sale by chocolate manufacturers)" reported In the 1958, 1963, 1967 and 1972 Census of Manufacturers, "Sugar and Confectionery Products." SIC Industry Groups 2065, and 2066, MC-20F series, published infrequently by U.S. Dept of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. Data for noncensus years keyed to trend of confectionery shipments reported in "Confectionery Shipments, 125 4,145 15 46 4,084 121 4,071 19-7 4,059 136 4,021 26-19 4,014 139 4,028 34 46 3,948 153 3,893 39 59 3,795 132 3,570 34-64 3,600 152 3,703 41 0 3,662 Sales, Average Value and Per Capita Consumption, 1927-76," Confectionery Manufacturers' (Annual) Sales and Distribution (Surveys) 1976, U.S. Dept of Commerce, Domestic and International Business Admlnstratlon, Washington, D.C., June 1977, p. 14 2 Data from U,S, Dept of Commerce, U.S. Imports, FT-246, Statistical Classes, 156.3020, 157.1020, and 157.1040. 3 Data from U.S. Dept of Commerce, U.S. Exports, FT-410, Statistical Classes, 062.0115, and 073.0020. 4 Calculated as a residual. Negatives indicate increases In stock level during year positives signify net withdrawals, 5 Domestic disappearance for food use. 19.9 1,086 10.6 233 10.75 19.6 1,108 10.7 257 11.60 19.2 1,101 10.5 246 11.17 18.8 1,120 10.6 278 12.43 17.9 1,093 10.3 589 26.95 16.9 916 8.6 487 26.'51 17.0 1,000 9.3 389 19.47 6 Quantity estimated by Economic Research Service, based on data from Fruit and Vegetable Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. 7 Unit value times total use. 8 Calculated from "Total Consumption of Selected Ingredient by the U.S. Confectionery Industry," reported annually in Confectionery Manufacturers' (Annual) Sales and Distribution (Survey)., U.S. Dept of Commerce, Domestic and International Business Adminstration, Washington, D.C. 9 Preliminary.
Table S-30-lmported cocoa beans and cocoa butter prices' Year or quarter '~Bahia" Cocoa beans I uaccra" Cents per pound Imported cocoa butter 1973......... 1974...... 1975......... 1976............ 61.1 88.1 65.0 105.0 64.4 98.3 74.9 109.6 140.2 187.6 140.2 195.0 1977: I..... II..... Ill..... IV.... 191.5 2 205.0 191.6 3 192.6 289.2 249.1 1 New York Spot. 2 Two months average, May not quoted. 2 Two months average, June not quoted. Source: New York Journal of Commerce. Table S-31-Cocoa and chocolate: Selected comparisons for U.S. imports, grind, and consumption (bean equivalent) Description 1975 1976 Million pounds 1976 First 6 months I 1977 u.s. Imports: Cocoa beans 0 0 522 527 319 282 Minus reexports -16 2-22 -1-1 -15... Net imports.............. 506 505 308 267 Semi processed 1 Unsweetened chocolate 0 27 56 25 39 Cocoa butter ' o o I 45 68 39 40 Unsweetened cocoa 0 0 0 167 197 99 104 Other products... 0. 3 2 1 l Total... 242 323 164 184 Consumer products' 0 11 11 6 5 TOTAL IMPORTS 2 0 759 839 478 456 U.S. grind... 458 497 255 228 U.S. consumption......... 696 811 Per capita (pounds) 0... 3.3 3.8 1 Reexports of semiprocessed and consumer products are relatively insiglnificant. 2 Estimate. Source: Import and grind data. Bureau of Census; Consumption data, Economic Research Service, USDA. N.A. = Not available. 46 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
MARKET NEWS Principal contributors: James R. Thorpe and Douglas M. Edwards Fruit and Vegetable Division Agricultural Marketing Service SUGAR MARKET HIGHLIGHTS Deliveries July-Sugar deliveries in July 1977 were 961,928 short tons, raw value, down 2 percent from July 1976. January-July 1977 deliveries were up slightly over 1 percent from the same period a year ago. July Ending Stocks Inventories --Sugar stocks held by primary distributors on July 30, 1977 were 2.5 million short tons (raw value), down over 10 percent from the end of June, but up over 22 percent from the same time a year ago. Domestic Production Total sugar production for the mainland United States through June was 2.0 million short tons, raw value, down about 10 percent from the first half of 1976. Imports U.S. imported raw sugar receipts for January June were 2.4 million short tons, nearly 15 percent ahead of first half 1976. The only newcomer to the over-100,000-ton group was Panama, with Brazil closing fast at 96,590 tons. Imported direct con- Table 1-U.S. sugar supply and disposition by primary distributors, January-June 1977 Item Beet processors Importers Mainland cane processors' Refiners Raw \ Refined Net total Short tons, raw value SUPPLY Inventory Jan. 1, 1977....... 1,777,222-508,743 775,701 278,897 3,340,563 Production and movement Received direct-consumption sugar Produced from beets or cane. Less deliveries to refiners... Receipts of raws by refiners... Less raws melted.... Refined from raws melted... AdJustments 0 0 Sub-total 0 0-1,403,348 - - - 4,089 1,399,259 43,415 - - - - - - 43,415 - - 4,754 574,246 45,938-71>9,265-3 3,534,140 - - 3,724,206 - - - 3,704,199 +1,494-3,392-3,636 133,525-147,520 3, 705,317 48,16g 2 1,314,267-4 190,066 3, 704,199-9,623 4,866,946 Net total supply....... 3,176,481 43,415 375,218 628,181 3,984,214 8,207,509 Distribution for Continental consumptlon 5 0 0 Export............ Livestock feed........ Alcohol 0 0. Sub total... 1, 743,017 142 43-1, 743,202 43,415 - -- 43,415 DISPOSITION 10,845 5,414 3,601,756 - - 20,465 5 - - - - - 10,850 5,414 3,622,221 5,404,447 20,607 48-5,425,102 Inventory June 30, 1977 0 1,433,279-364,368 622,767 361,993 2,782,407 Total distribution and Inventory 0 3,176,481 43,415 375,218 628,181 3,984,214 8,207,509 1 Establishments that acquire no raw sugar from others for ~eflnlng. Processor-refiners are Included with refiners. Production less deliveries of raw sugar to refiners. 3 1 ncludes 709,265 tons received from mainland cane processors. 4 Receipts of raw sugar by refiners less melt. 5 includes deliveries for United States Military forces at home and abroad. SSR-Vol. 2. No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 47
sumption sugar increased less than 3 percent and all refined sugar was slightly under the first half of 1976. Raw Sugar Prices World-The July average spot price was 7.38 cents per pound, down 0.45 cent per pound from June. The high for the month was on the 29th at 7.75 cents and the low on the 12th at 6.85 cents per pound. Domestic-The domestic spot price for July dropped by 0.13 cent per pound to 10.15 cents per pound. The high and the low fell on the same days as for the world spot price. The high was on the 29th at 11.44 cents and the low on the 12th at 9.46 cents per pound. Refined Sugar Prices Wholesale-Prices in July were down in virtually all sections of the country. Refiners in the Northeast showed a decrease of over l 1/2 percent. Cane and beet prices in the Chicago-West region went down 61/2 percent, while those on the Pacific Coast decreased nearly 3 percent. The rate of decrease by Southeast refiners was negligible. Retail-The average U.S. retail price for a 5- pound bag of granulated sugar was 21.7 cents per pound in July, down 0.66 cent from last month. Table 2-Distribution of sugar by primary distributors, January-June 1977 and 1976 Item 1977 1976 Change 1976 to 1977 Short tons, raw value Continental United States Refiners' raw.............. Refiners' refined...... Sub-total.... Beet processors' refined.... Importers' direct consumption.... Mainland sugarcane processors'.... 5,414 3,622,221 3,627,635 1,743,202 43,415 10,850 6,604 3,324,608 3,331,212 1,945,683 48,627 7,525-1,190 +297,613 +296,423-202,481-5,212 +3,325 Total 5,425,102 5,333,047 +92,055 For: Alcohol.... Export.... Livestock feed.... Continental consumption'.... 20,607 48 5,404,447 32,602 5,300,445-11,995 +48 +104,002 Puerto Rico.... Hawaii.... 2 70,000 19,596 67,897 18,594 +2,103 +1,002 1 1ncludes deliveries for United States Military forces at home and abroad. 2 Estimated. Table 3-Stocks of sugar held by primary distributors in the continental United States, June 30, 1977 and 1976 Item 1977 1976 Change 1976 to 1977 Short tons, raw value Refiners' raw.... Refiners' refined...... Sub-total.... Beet processors' refined.... Importers' direct consumption.... Mainland sugarcane processors... 622,767 361,993 984,760 1,433,279 364,368 521,772 298,029 819,801 1,195,118 298,846 + 100,995 +63,964 +164,959 +238,161 +65,522 Total......... 2,782,407 2,313,765 +468,642 48 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
Table 4-Distribution of sugar by primary distributors in the continental United States, July and January-July 1977 and 1976 Item July I January-July Short tons, raw value July 1976 January-July Refiners......... Beet Processors' refined....... Importers' direct consumption...... Mainland sugarcane processors'.... 646,579 307,349 7,000 2 1,000 4,274,214 605,933 2,050,551 371,315 50,415 4,611 11,850 1,408 3,937,145 2,316,998 53,238 8,933 Total............... 961,928 6,387,030 983,267 6,316,314 For: Alcohol............... Export............. LivestocK feed.......... Continental consumption 3 N.A. N.A. N.A. 961,928 20,607 4,996 48 6,366,375 978,271 37,598 6,278,716 1 Preliminary. 2 Estimated. 3 1nciudes deliveries for U.S. military forces at home and abroad. Table 5-Stocks of sugar held by primary distributors in the continentia! United States, July 30, 1977 and July 31, 1976 Item 1977 1 1976 Change 1976 to 1977 Short tons, raw value Refiners' raw........ Refiners' refined...... Sub-total......... Beet processors' refined..... Importers' direct consumption...... Mainland sugarcane processors'... 704,102 293,633 997,735 1,220,653 2 275,000 587,725 311,092 898,817 918,767 220,416 +116,377-17,459 +98,918 +301,886 +54,584 Total...... 2,493,388 2,038,000 +455,388 1 Preliminary. 2 Estimated. SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 49
Table &-Mainland Sugar: Production and marketings January-June 1977 and 1976 Item 1977 1976 Change 1976 to 1977 Production Cane Florida Louisiana....... Texas..... Sub-total............. Domestic Beet.......... 526,599 10,254 84,070 620,923 1,399,259 Short tons, raw value 620,336 78,695 699,031 1,545,018-93,737 +10,254 +5,375-78,108-145,759 Total............ 2,020,182 2,244,049-223,867 Marketings Mainland cane Florida.... Louisiana......... Texas.............. Sub-total......... Beef Processors'.... 534,459 181,568 65,312 781,339 1,743,202 589,100 207,144 109,583 905,827 1,945,683-54,641-25,576-44,271-124,488-202,481 Total......... 2,524,541 2,851,510-326,969 1 Includes 43 tons marketed for feed and 142 tons for export In 1977 and 5,921 tons for export in 1976. Table 7-Refined sugar production and month-end stocks Production Month-end stocks Period cane sugar Beet sugar processors Cane sugar Beet sugar refiners refiners processors New crop Total Old crop 1 I I 1, 000 short tons, raw value 1976 monthly average... 585 332 278 1,308 1975 monthly average... 551 268 261 1,066 1977 August.... 634 34 83 117 284 679 September........ 663 7 166 173 252 496 October...... 616 601 601 290 826 November 0 0. 555 721 721 277 1,296 December 0 561-751 751 279 1,777 1977 January... 542 535-535 278 2,014 February... 553 248-248 327 2,009 March 0 675 158-158 315 1,843 April 0 615 180-180 331 1,734 May....... 628 179-179 373 1,647 June 2 0 692 99-99 362 1,433 July 3 0 ". 579 95-95 294 1,221 Last 12-month average.. 609 - - 321 305 1,415 1 Beet sugar made from sugarbeets of the prior crop year In the month and year shown. 2 Revised. 3 Preliminary. 50 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
Source of supply Table 8-Sugar receipts of refiners and importers by source of supply January-June 1977 and 1976 Raw sugar Direct consumption sugar Total 1977 1976 1977 1976 1977 1976 l I I Short tons, raw value OFFSHORE Foreign Argentina 0 0 38,423 56,735 38,423 56,735 Australia...,. 18,133 119,307 - - 18,133 119,307 Belgium 0 - - 147 623 147 623 Belize..... 17,159 3,292 - - 17,159 3,292 Bolivia 0 0 13,032 18,404 - - 13,032 18,404 Brazil 0 96,590 - - - 96,590 - Canada.... - - 36,558 24,731 36,558 24,731 China, Republic of. 86,035 57,777 9-86,044 57,777 Colombia... 14,249 27,812-33 14,249 27,845 costa Rica. 0. 73,809 48,408-50 73,809 48,458 Dominican Republic. 467,544 251,894 - - 467,544 251,894 Ecuador 0 0 21,118 28,440 - - 21,118 28,440 El Salvador 57,194 93,759 - - 57,194 93,759 France 0 0 0 - - 3,240 2,317 3,240 2,317 Germany, West...... - - - 730-730 Guatemala 0 202,532 201,718 - - 202,532 201,718 Haiti... - 6,218 - - - 6,218 Honduras... 21,022 4,571 - - 21,022 4,571 Hong Kong. - - 1-1 - India.. - 168,335 32 8,644 32 176,979 Korea.... - - 288 590 288 590 Malagasy Republic... 12,052 13,400-12,052 13,400 Mauritius 0. 24,853 - - 24,853 - Mexico - - 174 320 174 320 Mozambique... 52,756 11,979 - - 52,756 11,979 Netherlands 0 - - 1,283-1,283 Nicaragua.... 81,348 121,156 59 81,348 121,215 Panama...... 101,688 78,699-101,688 78,699 Paraguay.... - 7,569-7,569 Peru 0 142,885 179,647 - - 142,885 179,647 Philippines... 542,407 281,757 - - 542,407 281,757 South Africa.. 151,804 61,585-1 151,804 61,586 Sweden.,. - - 1-1 - Thailand. - 44,520 - - - 44,520 United Kingdom - - 44 12 44 12 west Indies.... 125,269 173,230 - - 125,269 173,230 Total Foreign... 2,361,902 2,060,212 40,494 39,393 2,402,396 2,099,605 Domestic Hawal 0 432,451 464,345 1 4,754 1 5,236 437,205 469,581 Puerto Rico 0 29,355 136,507 2,921 3,795 32,276 140,302 Total Domestic 0. 461,806 600,852 7,675 9,031 469,481 609,883 Total Offshore, 2,823,708 2,661,064 48,169 48,424 2,871,877 2,709,488... Mainland Cane area 2_ 755,203 2 866,091-755,203 866,091 Acquired for reprocessing and samples.. 1,167 1,697 - - 1,167 1,697 GRAND TOTAL... 3,580,078 3,528,852 48,169 48,424 3,628,247 3,577,276 1 Refined sugar received by refiners. 2 Refined sugar produced direct from cane by processor-refiner. SSR-Vol. 2, No. 9, SEPTEMBER 1977 51
Table 9-U.S. exports of raw and refined sugar, second quarter 1977 1 Country or area January March April May June January-June Bahamas'............... Barbados.......... Bermuda.......... Canada.............. Cayman Islands.......... 367 79 68 21 43 593 494 53 23 --- Short tons, raw value - - - - 169 378 10 78 62 189 18 693 68 126 1,654 104 French Pacific Islands..... Greece........... Guinea......... 0 Honduras....... Hong Kong... 0.... Indonesia....... Israel... 0....... Italy............. Korea......... -....... Leeward-Windward Islands... 39 16 60 61 10 13 2 18 3 924 7 13 2 33 10 109 11 2 13 64 2 3 12 39 16 230 21 17 22 924 25 15 119 Netherlands Ant Illes.... Nigeria... 0........ Saudi Arabia.......... Sweden.............. Trust Pacific Islands.... 1,114 541 4,835 1,798 25 45 120 49 475 25 730 5 24 114 886 78 66 3,271 6,633 153 193 680 United Arab Emirates..... United Kingdom....... Western Samoa...... 29 253 5 22 13 2 22 29 260 57 Sub-total............... g,o29 3,272 1,654 1,394 15,349 Others 3........... Total.............. 55 23 9,084 3,295 31 1,685 11 1,405 120 15,469 1 Source: U.S. Bureau of Census. 2 Formerly shown as Belize. 3 Countries receiving less than 15 tons. Table 10-Primary distribution of sugar, continental United States, by region, January-June 1977 and 1976 Region 1 Cane sugar refiners 1977 I 1976 I I Beet processors Mainland cane Total all prlsugar mills mary distributors' 1977 l 1976 1977 l 1976 1977 I 1976 Thousands of hundredweigh ts 2 New England... 3,463 3,559 124 Mid-Atlantic...... 16,178 15,094 529 North Central...... 15,247 12,388 20,068 Southern... 28,582 26,911 1,543 Western 4,384 4,149 10,213 Unspecified 0 0. 0 - - 103 Grand total... 67,854 62,101 32,580 1 New England State include Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Middle Atlantic States- Include New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. North Central States- Include Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas. southern States- include Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, 84 - - 3,587 3,643 1,461 20 10 16,727 16,565 18,050 168 121 35,483 30,559 1,790 18 10 30,143 28,711 9,561 14,597 13,710 5,308 - - 103 5,308 36,254 206 141 100,640 98.496 Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, KentuckY, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. Western States include Alaska, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Wash lngton, Oregon, and CalifornIa. 2 Reported as produced or Imported and delivered except liquid sugar which is on a sugar solids content basis. 52 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
Table 11-World and U.S. raw sugar prices: Annual, 1966-76, and monthly 1976-77 (Source of spot prices: New York Coffee & Sugar Exchange) Year and month World sugar spot price 1 Transportation I nsu ranee and duty to New York 2 World price New York basis U.S. sugar price (New York spot) Dlfferencel between U.S. and world prices New York basis Cents per pound 1966... 1967... 1968... 1969... 1970... 1971... 1972... 1973... 1974... 1975... 1976... 1.86 1.99 1.98 3.37 3.75 4.52 7.43 9.61 29.99 20.49 11.58.96.96.98 1.00 1.13 1.13 1.11 1.38 1.63 1.43 1.78 2.82 2.95 2.96 4.37 4.88 5.65 8.54 10.99 31.62 21.92 13.36 6.99 7.28 7.52 7. 75 8.07 8.52 9.09 10.29 29.50 22.47 13.31 4.17 4.33 4.56 3.38 3.19 2.87.55. 70 2.12.55.05 1976: January... February... March... April... May... June... July... August... September... October... November... December 0. 14.04 13.52 14.92 14.06 14.58 12.99 13.21 9.99 8.16 8.03 7.91 7.54 1.38 1.38 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.43 1.43 1.41 1.89 2. 72 2.67 2.67 15.42 14.90 16.37 15.51 16.03 14.42 14.64 11.40 10.05 10.75 10.58 10.21 15.42 15.04 16.27 15.58 15.97 14.40 14.59 11.32 9.80 10.65 10.46 10.22.14.1 0.07.06.02.05.08.25.10.12.01 1977: January... February... March 0 April... May... June... July... August... September... October... November 0. December... 8.37 8.56 8.98 10.12 8.94 7.82 7.38 2.66 2.66 2.71 2.65 2.64 2.64 2.60 11.03 11.22 11.69 12.77 11.58 10.46 9.98 10.95 11.06 11.67 12.57 11.34 10.28 10.15.08.16.02.20.24.18 +.17 1 F.O.B. and stowed In one of more than 20 Caribbean, South Caribbean ports. 3 Positive values indicate U.S. price is higher American, Oceanic, African and Asian Countries. 2 From greater than World price. SSR Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 53
Year and Month Retail u.s Table 12-U.S. cane and beet sugar list prices: Various marketing territories, annual 1971-76 monthly 1976-77 Northeast I Southeast I Refined cane sugar 1 (Wholesale) Refined beet sugar 1 (Wholesale) Gulf west Coast Eastern I West Coast West I Chicago- I Pacific Chicago-~ Pacific I North- Cents per pound 1971 0 13.61 1972... 13.91 1973... 15.10 1974 0 32.34 1975... 37.16 1976..... 23.98 1976: January... 25.88 February.. 25.38 25.06 March... 25.04 April 0 May... 24.80 June... 24.90 July... 24.48 August... 24.72 September. 22.88 October.. 21.82 November 21.62 December. 21.22 1977: January... 21.04 February.. 21.42 March... 21.86 April... 21.96 May... 22.36 June... 22.36 July... 21.70 August... September. October... November December.. 12.48 12.07 11.57 1l.5g 11.37 11.59 11.59 11.37 11.32 13.09 12.74 12.14 11.82 11.65 11.81 11.82 11.65 11.68 14.07 13.78 13.14 12.48 12.38 12.36 12.38 12.38 12.47 34.35 34.34 34.16 34.27 32.12 32.19 32.07 31.90 30.64 31.42 31.03 31.44 31.58 27.97 27.48 27.61 27.87 27.82 19.20 18.85 19.20 16.93 17.55 16.95 16.93 17.48 17.48 21.31 21.33 21.31 18.30 19.45 18.30 18.30 19.45 19.05 20.86 20.61 20.86 18.30 18.95 18.30 18.30 18.95 19.05 22.20 21.87 22.20 18.30 18.95 18.65 18.30 18.95 19.05 21.41 21.01 21.41 18.30 18.95 18.46 18.30 18.95 19.05 21.87 21.55 21.87 18.70 19.37 18.68 18.68 19.37 19.40 20.22 19.82 20.22 18.51 18.86 18.55 18.47 18.71 18.80 20.46 20.19 20.46 18.72 19.56 18.48 18.76 19.11 18.83 17.04 16.69 17.04 16.23 16.64 16.30 16.30 16.44 16.64 15.85 15.06 15.85 14.45 14.49 14.38 14.45 14.49 14.50 16.90 16.24 16.90 14.93 15.43 14.91 14.93 15.38 15.42 16.28 15.95 16.28 14.28 14.94 14.23 14.28 14.94 14.94 15.97 15.89 15.97 14.12 14.97 14.13 14.12 14.97 14.97 16.70 16.62 16.70 14.26 15.42 14.26 14.26 15.42 15.42 16.94 16.85 16.94 15.02 16.02 15.02 15.02 16.02 16.03 17.45 17.41 17.45 15.15 16.16 15.15 15.15 16.16 16.16 18.52 18.41 18.52 16.33 17.35 16.31 16.33 17.35 16.71 17.52 17.25 17.52 15.68 16.59 15.68 15.68 16.59 16.44 16.40 16.04 16.40 14.41 15.19 14.41 14.41 15.19 15.19 16.13 16.00 14.63 13.62 14.77 13.62 13.62 14.77 14.77 1 These are basis prices In 10D-pound paper bags, not delivered prices. To obtain delivered prices, add "Freight Prepays" and deduct discounts and allowances. 54 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
Table 13-Wholesale price quotations for sugar, corn sirup and dextrose (Source of dextrose and corn sirup prices-journal of Commerce) Refined Corn sirup Period Sugar New York 3 Wholesale wholesale Quoted I Northeast Dry Basls 2 Cents per pound Average 1g72-76*... 22.43 9.64 12.00 1g76 average... 1g.2o 11.60 14.44 1g76 August... 17.04 11.64 14.50 September 0 0 15.85 10.09 12.56 October... 16.90 9.64 12.00 November.... 16.28 9.73 12.12 December. 15.97 9.32 11.61 1977 January 0 0 16.70 9.23 11.49 February 0 0 16.94 9.23 11.49 March.... 17.45 9.31 11.59 April.... 18.52 g.31 11.59 May....... 0. 17.52 9.31 11.59 June 0 16.40 9.31 11.59 July 0 0 16.13 9.27 11.54 Last 12-month average.. 16.81 9.62 11.97 corn sirup relative Dextrose Dextrose relative to refined sugar New York 4 to ref I ned sugar Quoted l Dry Basis Quoted l Dry Basis 2 Quoted l Dry Basis Percent Cents per pound Percent 43 53 12.97 14.10 58 63 60 75 15.05 16.36 79 86 68 85 15.36 16.70 90 98 63 7g 14.05 15.27 88 96 57 71 14.05 15.27 83 90 60 74 14.05 15.27 86 94 58 73 14.05 15.27 88 96 55 69 14.05 15.27 84 91 54 68 14.05 15.27 83 90 53 66 14.05 15.27 81 88 50 63 14.03 15.25 76 82 53 66 13.80 15.00 79 86 57 71 13.80 15.00 84 91 57 72 13.64 14.83 85 92 57 71 14.08 15.31 84 91 1 Gross basis price In 100-pound bags subject to a 2 percent cash discount. 2 Assumes price Is for 80.3 percent solids for corn sirup and 92 percent solids for dextrose. Thus dry basis price Is quoted price divided by 0.803 for corn sirup and divided by 0.92 for dextrose. 3 For regular conversion sirup (38-49 D. E.) In tank cars, N.Y. quoted 43 degree baume unmixed. 4 Hydrate: commercial 600-bag carload F.O.B. New York City. *Data incomplete for dextrose for the last five months of 1974 and the first three months of 1975. SSR Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 55
Table 14-Sugar futures average settlement price and open contracts world no. 11 bulk contract 1 Month of contract July 1977 Oct. 1978 Average monthly sugar futures settling price cents per pound Trading Month 1976 August.... September.... October.... November.... December.... 12.51 9.97 9.14 8.99 8.81 12.62 10.10 9.23 9.04 8.95 12.65 10.15 9.29 9.72 9.06 9.36 9.02 8.78 9.40 9.50 1977 January.... February........ March.... April...... May.... June July 8.96 8.88 9.19 10.17 9.22 8.12 9.00 8.87 9.20 10.16 9.40 8.49 7.63 9.04 9.08 9.31 9.39 8.89 9.04 9.12 9.15 9.15 9.20 9.43 9.42 9.44 9.45 10.13 10.22 10.22 10.20 10.20 9.49 9.70 9.71 9.74 9.77 8.72 8.95 9.08 9.17 9.23 7.87 8.41 8.54 8.73 8.87 10.20 9.79 9.29 9.01 9.82 9.35 9.12 Open contracts last trading day of month 1976 August... September 0 October... November.... December... 3,291 5,758 4,925 4,955 6,200 2,297 3,121 3,376 3,269 3,947 7,182 9,877 9,457 1,138 8,844 1,787 9,597 2 2,445 1,103 1977 January... February 0 March... April....... May... June... July... 8,220 10,347 13,252 20,249 15,310 1,475 4,645 5,664 4,718 6,683 7,248 9,070 7,635 10,230 33 3,341 794 11,076 37 4,210 1,343 546 11,578 162 5,887 2,513 1,777 14,227 290 9,486 3,796 2,946 11,876 293 10,164 4,301 3,631 15,343 238 10,576 4,762 3,863 15,030 221 12,665 5,030 4,164 634 867 1,039 1,261 185 624 932 1 Average monthly settlement price for No. 11 contract of the New York Coffee and Sugar Exchange. F.O.B. and stowed in one of more than 20 Caribbean, South American, Oceanic, African and Asian countries. Each contract is 50 metric tons. 56 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
---------SWEETENER PUBLICATIONS Compiled by: Larry C. Larkin Commodity Economics Division Economic Research Service RECENT SWEETENER PUBLICATIONS* *The following is a list of recent publications relevant to the sweetener industry. Listing of these articles does not necessarily constitute an endorsement by the USDA. Copies of these articles are not available from this office but should be obtained from your library or the publisher. Whenever possible, we have included the addresses of those foreign publications that may not be available in libraries in the United States. For readers not near large libraries, the addresses of the major American sugar and sweetener publishers will be listed in each February's issue of the Sugar and Sweetener Report and may carry additional references to new publishers at that time. Readers who have articles concerning sweetener economics and wish to have them noted in this publication should submit an abstract and two copies of the articles to the Sweetener Group, Economic Research Service, Room 200, 500 12th Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250. 1. Andres, Cal, 4. "SPECIAL REPORT: ALTERNATE SWEET ENER," Food Processing, Vol. 38, No. 5, May 1977, pp. 50-52. Proposed saccharin ban stimulates reformulation work and development. Review of reduced-caloric sweeteners. 2. Atalla, Jorge Wolney, "COPERSUGAR, THE SUGAR AND ALCOHOL COOPERATIVE OF SOUTH- 5. ERN BRAZIL," Sugary Azucar, Vol. 72, No. 4, Apr. 1977, pp. 29. A description of the large Brazilian Sugar Cooperative which will co-sponsor the forthcoming XVI Congress of the International Society of Sugar Technologists. 3. Butler, Larry G. et.al. "THE ENZYME-CATALYZED SYN THESIS OF SUCROSE FROM STARCH," Sugary Azucar, Vol. 72, No. 4, Apr. 1977, pp. 31-32. 6. A report of recent research sponsored by the National Science Foundation of the U.S. "ANIMAL TESTS AND HUMAN CAN CER," Chemical and Engineering News, Vol. 55, No. 26, June 27, 1977, pp. 24-28, 33-46. A forum on the D-elaney clause. (Reprint will be available at $2.00 per copy. For 10 or more copies, $1.25 per copy. Send request to: C and En Reprint Department, American Chemical Society, 455-16th St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036). Crocco, Stephanie C., "POSSIBILITIES FOR SOLVING THE ARTIFICIAL SWEETENER CRISIS," Food Engineering, Vol. 49, No. 5, May 1977, pp. 73-76. The sweetener crisis is a two phase problem: Need for solutions to the demand for low calorie or reduced calorie products and the impending battle between FDA, Congress, consumers and industry over bans on saccharin, cyclomate and aspartane. Deutsch, Ronald M., "SUGAR IN THE DIET OF MAN," Sugar Journal, Vol. 40, No. 1, June 1977, pp. 23-26. SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 57
This paper is a summary of six recently published papers reporting on what is known about sugar's effects on health. Sugar and heart disease; sugar and obesity; sugar and diabetes; sugar and low blood sugar; sugar and dental decay. (Published in World Review of Nutrition and Diebetics, Vol. 22, pp. 237-326, 1975). 7. Elias, A., "UTILIZATION OF SUGARCANE BY PRODUCTS IN ANIMAL FEEDS: CANE MOLASSES FOR BEEF PRODUCTION." Pan American Health Organization, Scientific Publication No. 295, World Health Organization, 525 23rd St., N. W., Washington, D.C. 20037, 1975. pp. 72-85. This paper communicates the results obtained from the use of molasses and urea in combination in the prodution of beef. 8. Ellis, R. P. "SUGAR FACTORY INSURANCE UPDATE," Sugar Journal, Vol. 39, No. 11, Apr. 1977, pp. 15-20. This article discusses the major problem areas in sugar factory insurance. It stresses the utmost importance that major problem areas be recognized and loss control procedures be implemented and strictly enforced. Physical loss and damage, boiler and machinery; business interruption, workers cooperation, umbrella liability. 9. Food Engineering "NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR 'LESS SUGAR' FOODS," Vol. 49, No. 5, May 1977, pp. 94-95. In Europe a variety of foods containing crystalline fructose (100 percent fructose) are on the market. Crystalline fructose has a relative sweetness of 180 compared with sucrose at 100. In formulations, 20-40 percent less sweetener is needed. 10. Genotelle, J., et.al. "IMPROVEMENT IN MOLASSES EXHAUSTION," International Sugar Journal, Vol. LXXIX, No. 940, Apr. 1977, pp. 96-100. PART II. The kinetics of crystallization for low-purity products with the application to crystallization by cooling. 11. Henscheid, Thomas H., et.al. "PROCESSING OF FACTORY WASTE BY REVERSE OSMOSIS," Sugar Journal, Vol. 39, No. 12, May 1977, pp. 20-24. Reverse osmosis can be used effectively and efficiently to concentrate steffens filtrate to about 10 degrees Brix. It is also an attractive tool to fractionate and concentrate other waste streams generated in the processing of sugar. 12. Hongisto, H. J., "CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF SUGAR SOLUTIONS," International Sugar Journal, Vol. LXXIX, No. 940, Apr. 1977, pp. 100-104. Discusses the Finnsugar molasses desugarization process. 13. Hongisto, H. J., "CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF SUGAR SOLUTIONS," International Sugar Journal, Vol. LXXIX, No. 941, May 1977, pp. 131-134. The Finnsugar molasses desugarization process, part II. 14. Jesse, Edward V. "BEET SUGAR RESPONSE IN THE UNITED STATES," USDA, ERS, AER No. 371, Apr. 1977, 44 pp. This study examines the production decisionmaking process of sugarbeet growers as the demise of the Sugar Act raised many questions concerning the fate of the domestic sugar industry and, in particular, sugar production in light of record high prices for other farm commodities. (Copies may be obtained from ERS Publications Unit, Room 0054, South Building, USDA, Washington, D.C. 20250. (202)-447-7255). 15. Kampf, Hans, "UNIDO AND THE SUGAR INDUS TRY," Sugar y Azucar, Vol. 72, No. 4, Apr. 1977, pp. 33, 44. Discussion of the organization and field operations of UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization). 16. Keirn, Carroll R., "THE U.S. MARKET FOR HIGH FRUC TOSE CORN SYRUP," Sugary Azucar, Vol. 72, No.5, May 1977, pp. 59-60, 62-63. Part of the probable future situations may be: existing HFCS plants will continue operating and developing the market; committed plants and expansions will come on stream, and intense development work will be undertaken in second-generation products. 58 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
17. Mann, Paul J., "NEW FRUCTOSE PLANT," Food Engineering, Vol. 49, No.4, Apr. 1977, pp. 55-57. Describes the triple-enzyme high fructose corn syrup plant of the Amalgamaize Company in Decatur, Alabama. 18. Mishra, S. P., "CONTINUOUS CONDITIONING OF MOLASSES FOR PAN FEEDING," International Sugar Journal, Vol..LXXIX, No. 941, May 1977, pp. 123-125. The new system and mechanism for the conditioning of molasses developed by the author and discussed in this article permits continuous conditioning of the feed material during the short period of its passage through the system without any dilution water. The average boiling time was reduced by about 30 percent with use of new system. 19. Oldfield, J.F.T. et.al. "DIFFUSER STERILITY AND PULP PROCESSING," International Sugar Journal, Vol. LXXIX, No. 941, May 1977, pp. 126-130. This paper discribes a method of controlling juice ph in diffusion so that the benefits of reduced sugar loss in a sterile dry fusion system can be obtained without being offset by the disadvanrages of an accompanying decrease in pressed pulp dry substnace. Part I. Part II. Diffuser pit and pulp pressing. (Vol. LXXIX, No. 942, June 1977, pp. 157-162). 20. Piper, N. R., "THE ABSOLUTE DETERMINATION OF SUCROSE IN MILL AND REFINERY PRODUCTS BY ISOTOPE DILUTION," International Sugar Journal, Vol. LXXIX, No. 942, June 1977, pp. 153-156. Part I. Isolation and purification for counting. This part of a two-part paper is concerned with islation and purification and analysis of radioactive sucrose samples. 21. Prada, A., and Gunter, C. G., "OPTIMIZING SUGAR INDUSTRY INVESTMENT DECISIONS," Sugar y Azucur, Vol. 72, No. 6, June 1977, pp. 67-68, 70-71, 74-75. The use of linear programming as a tool for the sugar technologist. 22. Prieto, Juan, "THE OKEELANTA SUGAR FACTORY," Sugary Azucar, Vol. 72, No.6, June 1977, pp. 58-60. A report of the recent expansion of Gulf and Western's Florida factory. 23. Schoche, William C., "POLARIS SUGAR CANE RIPENER FIELD PERFOMRANCE IN HAWAII," Sugary Azucar, Vol. 72, No. 4, Apr. 1977, pp. 21-22, 25-26. This article is a report on recent field performance results of Polaris in Hawaii under commercial use and in HSPA block trials. 24. Sugar y Azucar, "AMORPHOUS REFINED SUGAR," Vol. 72, No. 5, May 1977, pp. 55-57. A description of Brazil's unique product. 25. USDA "MAPLE SIRUP," Crop Reporting Board, Statistical Reporting Service, May 18, 1977. Production, farm use, sales and value, season's average price 1975-77. (Copies may be obtained from room 0005, South Building, USDA, Washington, D.C., 20250 (202)-447-7687). 26. United States Department of Commerce, "CONFECTIONERY MANUFACTURERS SALES AND DISTRIBUTION, JUNE 1977, 36 pp., DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION." Partial Contents: Industry growth and structure, distribution channels, foreign markets, imports, energy, outlook, sugar-inputs, confectionery product mix. 27. Viton, Albert, "THE UNITED STATES NEEDS A WORLD SUGAR AGREEMENT," Sugary Azucar, Vol. 72, No.5, May 1977, pp. 42-43. The thesis of this article is the fact that an International Sugar Ageement that prevents world prices from falling to levels below the production cost of efficient producers could be a partial remedy for the current U.S. sugar situation. A reasonable International Agreement price range would make possible the survival of the greatest part of U.S. sugar production. 28. Zepp, G. A., "CANE SUGAR SUPPLY RESPONSE IN SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 59
THE UNITED STATES." USDA, ERS, AER No. 370, Mar. 1970, 35 pp. The purpose of this study is to estimate the domestic cane sugar supply response and net returns to the domestic cane sugar industry at alternative raw sugar prices under a 'no program' or 'free market' situation. (Copies may be obtained from ERS Publications Unit, Room 0054, South Building, USDA, Washington, D.C., 20250. (202)-447-7255). 29. Ziegler, John G., "PAN SEEDING," Sugar Journal, Vol. 39, No. 12, May 1977, pp. 9-10. Discussed are methods to improve raw sugar quality. The author states that initial formation of clean grain at the start of a strike is one of the requirements in sugar boiling and the use of net ground fondant seems to be superior to less sophisticated techniques. 60 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977
Number S- 1 S- 2 S- 3 S- 4 S- 5 S- 6 S- 7 S- 8 S- 9 S-10 S-11 S-12 S-13 S-14 S-15 S-16 S-17 s 18 s 19 S-20 S-21 S-22 S-23 s 24 S-25 S-26 S-27 S-28 S-29 s 30 S-31 SITUATION AND OUTLOOK Title Sugar: World production, consumption, and stocks, raw value, 1970-76.... Sugar, cane and beet: Supply and utilization, United States, calendar years, 1966-76.... World centrifugal sugar production production in specified countries, raw value, 1972/73 to 1976/77.... Domestic sugar crops: Acres harvested, yield per acre, and production, 197 5-77, State and area share of 1977 U.S. production and change from 1976/77.... U.S. sugarcane, sugarbeets, and sugar, raw value: Acres harvested, recovered sugar, yield per acre, and production, September-August crop years, 197 4-76.... Monthly, quarterly, and annual sugar deliveries to domestic users, change from year ago, previous month, and previous quarter, and 1977 compared with 1974-76.... U.S. sugar deliveries to industrial and non-industrial users, calendar years, 1972-76 and first three-month totals, 1976-77.... U.S. imports by country, annual1970, 1974-76 and six-month totals, 1976-77.... Sugar imports: Monthly, quarterly, and annual raw value totals 1974-77, with comparisons.... U.S. sugar imports by country compraed with Generalized System of Preference (GSP) duty-free imports, January-June 1977.... Caloric and noncaloric sweeteners: Per capita U.S. consumption, 1960-76.... U.S. mainland sugar stocks held by primary distributors, July 1, 1960, 1965, 1970-77, and August 1, 1975 - August 1, 1977.... Sugar and products containing caloric sweeteners: Retail prices, U.S. average, 1966-76, and by month 1976 to date.... Liquid sugar (sucrose and invert): Wholesale list prices, selected cites, by months, 1975-1977.... Granulated sugar: Wholesale list prices, 100 pound paper bags, selected cities, by months, 1975-77.. Bulk dry sugar: Wholesale list prices, selected cities, by months, 1975-1977.... Prices and marketing spreads by months, 1975-77, Florida cane sugar sold at retail, Atlanta, Ga.... Prices and marketing spreads by months, 1975-77, beet sugar sold at retail, Chicago, Ill.... Prices and markting spreads by months, 1975-77, Louisiana cane sugar sold at retail, Chicagi, Ill.... Prices and marketing spreads by months, 1975-77, beet sugar sold at retail, Los Angeles, Calif.... Prices and marketing spreads by months, 1975-77, offshore cane sugar sold at retail, New York, N.Y.... Prices and marketing spreads by months, 1975-77, beet sugar sold at retail, Seattle, Wash.... Trends in corn refinery exports, annual1971-76 and first six-months, 1976-77.... Corn grind: U.S. estimates for sweeteners and strach, 1960-76.... Imports of selected sweeteners and molasses, annual1971-76 and six-months' total, 1976-77.... Moloasses: Blackstrap, beet, citrus, and corn (hydro!), annual average 1972-76, with first two quarter averages 1977, price f.o.b. tank car or tank truck.... Feed and industrial molasses: U.S. production, inshipments, imports, exports, and utilization, 1971-76.... Soft drinks: Per capita consumption, manufacturers' shipments, sales, and value; with quantity, per capita consumption, and value, of sugar use, 1961-76.... Confectionery; Sales, value and supply and utilization; with quantity, per capita consumption, and value, of sugar use, 1961-76.... Imported cocoa beans and cocoa butter prices.... Cocoa and chocolate: Selected comparisons for U.S. imports, grind, and consumption (bean equivalent).... Page 6 12 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 41 42 43 44 45 46 46 SSR-Vol. 2, No.9, SEPTEMBER 1977 61