Tea Research Programmes

Transcription

1 Status of Tea Research Programmes Presented by Dr. John K. Bore Ag Institute Director, Tea Research Institute 1

2 Formation of KALRO Vide Kenya Gazette Supplement No. 29 (Acts No. 17): THE KENYA AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK RESEARCH ACT, 2013 No. 17 of 2013 Formed the KALRO organization, with appointment of Interim Management Committee; to coordinate the establishment of the organization that consisted of former Institutions; KARI, CRF, KESREF and TRFK Commencement date 1 st July 2014 KALRO was Launched on August 18 th 2014

3 KALRO Vision A globally competitive Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Mission To generate and disseminate agricultural and livestock knowledge, innovative technologies and services that respond to clientele demands, for sustainable livelihoods

4 Strategic Objectives of KALRO 1. To generate and promote technologies and innovations for demand-driven agricultural and livestock product value chains; 2. To develop and promote markets and marketing strategies for agricultural and livestock product value chains; 3. To undertake policy analysis and advocate policy option for enhancing demand-driven agricultural and livestock product value-chains;

5 Strategic Objectives cont 4. To strengthen the capacity for implementing agricultural and livestock product value chains; 5. To enhance availability of knowledge, information, and technologies on agricultural and livestock product value chain; 6. To enhance good corporate governance

6 KALRO Organizational Structure Agriculture Research Fund KALRO BOARD Scientific and Technical Committee Internal Audit & Quality Control Associate Institutes Public Universities with Agric. Faculties INSTITUTE S E C R E T A R I A T C O R P. S E R V I C E S Finance Admin HR Procurement ICT Corp. Services Legal &IPR services Corp. Communication Estate Manager Research Inst. Advisory Committee (RIAC) Director Deputy Director DDG (Crops) Director General O P E R A T. U N I T S DDG (Livestock) -Food Systems (Crops & Livestock) -Livelihood systems -Policy and Institutional Development - Planning, resource allocation & Quality Control - -(Natural Resource Management (NRM) - Knowledge Management,information Technology -Partnerships & Business

7 Proposed Institute Structure Research Institute Advisory Committee (RIAC) Institute Director Centre / Deputy Director Quality Control (Internal Audit) CORPORATE SERVICES -HR Office -Finance & Adm. -ICT -Corporate Communication -Procurement R E S E A R C H T H E M E S Programme Review Committee Thematic Leaders (Research & Programme Managers Scientists Technical Support Staff C E N T R E S Centre Directors Programmes ICT Scientists/ Field Station Managers

8 Tea Research Institute Programmes

9 1. Crop Improvement Management Broad objective To develop and avail tea varieties/ clones that combine high yields and acceptable orthodox/ctc black/green/purple/white/oolong tea quality of the processed tea as desired by consumers Tea Research Institute

10 Phases of of Tea Improvement at at TRFK TRI Base Population Nursery 1 Year: Pollination and seed development 1 Year: seedlings rearing Progeny Tests Nursery Clonal Field Trials (DUS Tests) Nursery Clonal Adaptability Trials (DUS Tests) 7 Years 1 Year: Cloning selected F 1 genotypes At least 10 Years 1 Year 5 Years Multiplication Plots 3 Years Release to farmers TEA RESEARCH FOUNDATION OF KENYA Maximum period of tea improvement = 25 years

11 Schematic diagram on tea improvement strategies and techniques Note: At the initiation of the present study, 12,850 ESTs were available in the dbest at NCBI, of which 2387 ESTs (18.6 %) were drought related. 5/10/15 Tea Research Institute 11

12 Gene expression in response to various abiotic stresses Muoki et al. (2012), Funct. Integr. Genomics 12(3): Up-regulation of CsTLP, CsCHT and CsLEA3 was evident by all the three stresses in tolerant clone, whereas in susceptible clone, inconsistent response was observed. Common response of CsTLP, CsCHT and CsLEA3 to all the four abiotic stresses indicated regulation of the genes by the same or overlapping stress signaling pathways. CsTLP, CsCHT and CsLEA3 offer useful resources in generating stress proof tea plants. a) Osmotic [10% PEG-8000] stress b) Salt [250 mm NaCl] stress c) Heat [37ºC] stress 5/10/2015 Tea Research Institute 12

13 2. TEA PROCESSING VALUE ADDITION AND PRODUCT DIVERSIFICATION Tea Fortified Products Purple Tea Wine Tea Fortified Yogurt

14 PICTURES OF SPECIALTY TEAS white non-aerated green orthodox tea non aerated purple orthodox tea Yellow orthodox Aerated black orthodox Brick-pu-erh Pu-erh orthodox tea Black CTC tea The tea processing methods include non-aerated for, (1) white, (2) non-aerated green orthodox tea (3)non aerated purple orthodox tea (4) yellow orthodox (5) aerated black orthodox (6) brick-pu-erh (7) pu-erh orthodox tea. (8) Black CTC tea

15 TEA AND HEALTH Anthocyanins have been studied widely owing to their health enhancing and medicinal properties including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective and cholesterol-lowering effects In line with this development, TRI released purple tea variety, TRFK 306 characterized as having exceptionally high levels of anthocyanins

16 3. SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION FERTILIZER RATES Quadratic yield trends (Reasons: Nutrients, Root density (biomass), Yield potential) Agronomic maximum KgN/ha/yr depending on weather distribution prune period & Clones Economic N-optimum normally below 100 kgn/ha seedling tea Means

17 % mortality Relationship between Mortality and N-rates y = x R² = N-rate (kg N/ha/year)

18 COST SAVING TECHNOLOGIES FLAT BAR TEA PRUNER CURVED BAR 9 October, 2015 Tea Research Institute

19 COMPARISON BETWEEN MECHANIZED AND MANUAL PRUNING A case of 1 acre (0.4ha) with 4306 plants spaced at: 4 ft by 2.5 ft (1.2 m by 0.75 m) Manual Mechanized Task 1 Md=150 plants Therefore 4306 plants=29 Kshs Total costs: Kshs 10,518 Friday, 09 October 2015 Fuel 11 litres kshs 90= Kshs mls of 2T stroke oil: Kshs 150 Labour 2 Kshs Total costs: Kshs 725 Total cost = Kshs 10,518 Total cost = Kshs 1,865 Difference (Costs saved) = Kshs % ADVANTAGES OF MECHANIZED PRUNING Efficient and faster Uniform rejuvenation hence uniform tipping-in Prunings are retained on the pruned surface Reduced number of die-backs due to clean cuts Pruning standards are maintained i.e. pruning at 20 and above Reduced incidences of Hypoxyllon serpens Tea Research Institute

20 Climate change: Hail and crop loss Hail incidences and tea losses in Kericho, Nandi and Sotik areas 9 October 2015 TEA RESEARCH INSTITUTE 20

21 Effect of Tea area by Temperature rise Expected tea growing areas suitability maps (minimum ( C)and 2025 ( C)) TEA RESEARCH INSTITUTE 9 October

22 Tea area Future projections Expected tea growing areas suitability maps (2050 ( C) and 2075 ( C)) TEA RESEARCH INSTITUTE 9 October

23 4. FIELD ADVISORY AND SOCIOECONOMICS To transfer of technology on recommended tea production practices from research findings to the stakeholders, for sustainable high production and quality Strategies used: Field visits and visitors (Open days) Trainings (Stakeholder Forum, FFS, On station) Result Demonstrations (Plucking, Fertilizer rates, Clonal adaptability) Publications (Tea Journal, Quarterly Bulletins and Annual reports) Others (website based helpdesk, SMS and Radio) Tea Research Institute

24 FUNDING MODEL Tea Levy (ADVALOREM) Provides 70% of Budgetary requirements Internally generated Revenue- Provides 30% 1. Tea Estate and Experiments 2. Consultancies: Resource mobilization by developing research proposals Eg. NACOSTI -3 Projects (Hail, Pests, Product diversification) 3. Analytical services 4. Seedlings 5. Publications Challenges: Lack of modern Lab & Equipment, Conference/Training facility and Office space

25 Tea Research State of the Art R & D Factory

26 Adoption of Technologies and Clones that provides Products to Match Customer Demands Technologies Clones Products Competitive Markets 10/9/