OLIVE OIL PROCESSING COURSE OLIVE OIL PROCESSING COURSE

Transcription

1 OLIVE OIL PROCESSING COURSE OLIVE OIL PROCESSING COURSE Receival Area Fruit Classification Washing Storage 1

2 OLIVE OIL PROCESSING COURSE It is all about the details What happened in Australia in 2009? Estimated total Australian oil losses in ,500,000 litres Approx. US$ 7,500,000 2

3 What details? What details? High efficiency average: 88.23% Low efficiency average: 76.40% Difference: 11.83% 3

4 What details? EVOO: >96.0% Rod Mailer, NSW Agriculture AOA Conference 2005 EVOO Prices - Poolred 4

5 What details? EVOO: Euro 2.53/kg Lampante: Euro 2.30/kg Difference: Euro 0.23/kg (US$ 0.34/l) What details? Grove A: Production 1,000 tonnes of fruit Production in litres: 200,000 litres Efficiency difference: 11.83% 23,660 litres US$ 145,035 Quality difference: 11.83% 23,660 litres US$ 8,044 5

6 Processing Plant Manager Maximise oil yields. Minimise production costs. Obtain maximum quality oils. Make the most cost effective decisions at all times. Liaise with the grove manager/s. Liaise with marketing department. Fruit receival 6

7 Fruit receival Fruit receival 7

8 Fruit receival Fruit receival 8

9 Fruit receival 10:25am 11:05am 11:20am 11:25am 11:30am Fruit Transport Oil acidity according to the fruit handling method Oil acidity kg bins 2 tonne bins 8 tonne truck 20 tonne truck Kind of transport 9

10 Fruit Temperature Depth (cm) Temperature (ºC) Fruit Temperature Optimal < 5º above air Tº Good 5-10º above air Tº Increasing risk 10-15º above air Tº Quality affected 15-20º above air Tº Not acceptable >20º above air Tº 10

11 Materials Other than Olives (MOO) Materials Other than Olives (MOO) Optimal: < 5.0% (0-1) Good: % (2-3) Dangerous: % (4-5) Not acceptable: > 25.0% Feedback to grove manager about harvesters. Avoid astringent leaf flavours in the oil (More than 1% MOO). Avoid problems with washing equipment. 11

12 Others (Soft Nose) Sphaeropsis dalmatica. Gloeosporium olivarum. Alternaria sp. Fusarium sp. Cladosporium sp. Penicillium sp. Others (Soft Nose) Evolution of the acidity in the oil of affected fruit Acidity (%) Days from the first symptoms 12

13 Others (Frost) Others (Frost) Evolution of the acidity in the oil of frost affected fruit Acidity (%) Days from the frost 13

14 Fruit receival Fruit receival 14

15 Fruit and moisture levels Flesh composition Oil 25% Water 58% Sugars 6% Others 1% Pectines 1% Phenols 2% Polysaccharides 4% Proteins 3% Oil and moisture content NEAR INFRA RED 15

16 Fruit and moisture levels Fruit moisture vs. extraction efficiency - Plant A % it moisture & extraction efficiency (%) Fru 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% Samples Moist Efficiency Linear (Efficiency) Linear (Moist) Fruit weight Annual variation in yield, fruit size and oil content l content (%) and Yield (Tn/ha) Oi Years Yield (Ton/ha) Oil content (%) Fruit w eight (gr.) Fruit w eight (gr.) 16

17 Maturity Index Maturity Index If A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are the numbers of fruits in the categories 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, respectively, the maturity index is calculated with the following formula: M.I.= Ax0 + Bx1 + Cx2 + Dx3 + Ex4 + Fx5 + Gx6 + Hx

18 Maturity Index fficiency (%) E TOP Processing efficiency Efficiency benchmark May 12 May 19 May 26 May 2 Jun 9 Jun 16 Jun 23 Jun 30 Jun Washing 18

19 Washing Washing 19

20 Washing or not? % Moisture PICUAL Tree No Washed Tree Washed LECHIN % Moisture Tree No Washed Tree Washed Marino Uceda Australia 2005 Washing or not? PICUAL LECHIN E xtractability E xtractability Tree No Washed Tree Washed Tree No Washed Tree Washed Marino Uceda Australia

21 Washing or not? PICUAL LECHIN f life (hs Rancimat) Shel Shelf life (hs Rancimat) Tree No Washed Tree Washed Tree No Washed Tree Washed Marino Uceda Australia 2005 Washing or not? PICUAL (Total polyphenols in ppm) Tree No Washed Tree Washed Marino Uceda Australia

22 Washing or not? No Changes Oil/Dry Matter Peroxides Value K 270 K 232 Changes Fruit Moisture Oil losses in pomace Extractability Total Polyphenols Shelf Life Fruitiness Marino Uceda Australia 2005 When should I change the water? 22

23 When should I change the water? < 0.10% Oil < 0.50% Solids Usually every 5-10 x capacity of washer e.g. 7 tonne/hr washer Replace water every tonnes Fruit Storage 23

24 Fruit Storage Fruit Storage 24

25 Receival area assistant Before the season: Suggest improvements in the receival area. General cleaning and maintenance of the receival equipment. During the season: General cleaning and maintenance of the equipment. Inspection of the fruit and directing lines or washing needs. Fruit sampling. Changing washing water. Evaluating oil losses in washing water. Evaluating MOO after washing. Rotating fruit in clean fruit hoppers. 25