REACTIONS OF SWEET CORN HYBRIDS TO PREVALENT DISEASES

Transcription

1 REACTIONS OF SWEET CORN HYBRIDS TO PREVALENT DISEASES REVISED OCTOBER 00 JERALD K. PATAKY DEPARTMENT OF CROP SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, URBANA, IL 0 Common (Puccinia sorghi), northern leaf blight - NLB (Exserohilum turcicum), Stewart's bacterial (Erwinia stewartii), maize dwarf mosaic - MDM (MDM viruses), southern leaf blight - SLB (Bipolaris maydis), anthracnose leaf blight - ALB (Colletotrichum graminicola), southern (Puccinia polysora) and gray leaf spot - (Cercospora zeae-maydis) are endemic diseases of sweet corn grown in North America. Reactions to these diseases vary among commercial sweet corn hybrids. Since, nearly,00 hybrids have been evaluated for disease reactions in nurseries at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.. Hybrids were classified as resistant (R), moderately resistant (MR), moderate (M), moderately susceptible (MS), and susceptible (S) based on standard deviations from trial means (z-scores), separations based on multiple comparison tests (BLSD), and multivariate clustering procedures. This type of classification produces statistically overlapping groups without clear-cut differences between classes (e.g., the hybrid with the least severe symptoms in the MR class does not differ significantly from the hybrid with the most severe symptoms in the R class). Nevertheless, a consistent response of a hybrid over several trials gives a reasonable estimate of the disease reaction of that hybrid relative to all other sweet corn hybrids. These reactions can be used to plan disease management strategies by assessing the potential for diseases to become severe and affect yield of a specific hybrid. Results of the annual disease nurseries have been reported each year in the Midwestern Vegetable Variety Trial Report. They are also available on the web at This article summarizes the disease reactions of 0 commercially-available hybrids that that have been evaluated in UIUC nurseries since. The summary includes reactions of sugary hybrids ( yellow, bi-color and white), sugary enhancer hybrids ( yellow, 0 bi-color, white, and red), shrunken- hybrids ( yellow, 0 bi-color, white and multi-color), and brittle hybrids ( yellow, bi-color and white). GENERAL INFORMATION Details about specific trials are reported annually in the Midwestern Vegetable Variety Trial Report. Plants usually were inoculated with P. sorghi, E. turcicum, E. stewartii, C. graminicola, B. maydis, P. polysora, or C. zeae-maydis to insure uniform disease pressure. Evaluations of reactions to MDM and systemic Stewart s were based on natural infection when disease pressure was relatively uniform. In this summary, hybrids are grouped by: i) endosperm phenotype (sugary, sugary enhancer, shrunken, and brittle); ii) kernel color (yellow, bi-color, white, and other), and iii) alphabetically by hybrid name. Hybrids with multiple endosperm mutations (e.g., sweet breeds, triples sweets, extra tenders) are placed under the most appropriate of the four categories of endosperm phenotypes. The table includes: seed source (SC - company which entered the hybrid in the nursery), endosperm type (ET), kernel color (KC), relative maturity (RM) from to as reported by each seed company (where = first early, = second early, = mid-season, = main season, and = full season), hybrid name, and reactions to diseases: common, NLB, Stewart s, MDM, SLB, ALB, southern, and. Disease reactions are averaged over all trials in which a hybrid was evaluated and are presented on a 0 to scale, where: 0 = no disease, = resistant, = moderately resistant, = moderate, = moderately susceptible, and = susceptible. Reactions listed as,,,, are between these categories (e.g., indicates a reaction between resistant and moderately resistant, R-MR). Hybrids with Rp-reactions to are noted with an asterisk

2 or the letter D or X. The number of trials in which a hybrid was evaluated for each disease is noted with a superscript. For example, the reaction of the yellow sugary hybrid Bold to northern leaf blight is listed as. This indicates that the NLB reaction of Bold relative to all sweet corn hybrids is between moderately resistant and moderate and this average is based on trials at UIUC in which Bold was evaluated. INTERPRETATION OF DIS EASE REACTIONS Resistance and susceptibility are the two extremes of a continuum of host reactions to diseases. Resistance measures the ability of the host to reduce the growth, reproduction, or disease-producing abilities of the pathogen, thus resulting in less severe symptoms. Major genes for resistance, such as Rp, Ht, or Mdm, can prevent or substantially limit disease development if specific virulence is not present in pathogen populations. Hybrids with major gene resistance usually have clearly distinguishable phenotypes. Major gene resistance may be ineffective when specific virulence occurs. For example, a biotype of the P. sorghi virulent on hybrids with the Rp-D resistance gene has occurred throughout North America since. Therefore, pustules were observed in 000 and 00 on hybrids with Rp-D-resistance. If hybrids do not have effective major gene resistance, disease reactions often range from partially resistant to susceptible. Since our nurseries have included most of the sweet corn hybrids available commercially, our ratings reflect the disease reactions of a hybrid relative to all sweet corn. Hybrids with resistant reactions () were among the best hybrids evaluated in our trials in the past years. Those rated were susceptible (S) and were among the worst. The moderately resistant ratings () included hybrids with disease reactions that were better than average. The moderately susceptible ratings () include hybrids that were worse than average. Hybrids with moderate ratings () had average reactions. Classification of hybrid reactions can vary among years (e.g., some hybrids may have been classified M in one trial and MR or MS in another trial due to random variation). Average reactions based on at least three years of data are probably more accurate estimates than those based on one or two years. Symptoms will occur on hybrids rated R, but the amount of the disease on these hybrids is less than the amount on hybrids rated MR,M, MS, or S. Similarly, the effects of diseases on yield are related to this scale of hybrid reactions. Common. Rust reactions are complex now because of the new race that is virulent against Rp-D and a few other Rp-resistance genes. If a hybrid does not have Rp-resistance, the rating is given in the first column. For example, the reaction of Bonanza to common is listed moderately susceptible and susceptible () and this is based on trials. Hybrids that do not have Rp-resistance have the same reaction to the old and new races of. Rp-resistance is noted in the first column with a letter or an asterisk. The letter 'D' designates hybrids with resistance conveyed by the Rp-D gene or another Rp gene that is ineffective against the new race. Hence these hybrids have a rating of 0 (i.e., no ) when the old race is present; but they are infected by the new race. For example, Bold has Rp-D resistance (based on trials). It was not infected by the old race of in trials (0 for the old race) but it was susceptible in trials when the new race was present ( for the new race). Rp-resistant hybrids with an asterisk (*) probably have the Rp-D gene, but they have not been evaluated in trials when the new race is present. Hybrids with an Rp-reaction designated 'X' have Rp-resistance that is effective against the new race. Many of these hybrids may have resistance conveyed by the Rp-E, Rp-I, Rp-K or Rp-G genes of by compound resistance genes (e.g., Rp-GI or Rp-JFC), but it is impossible from these trials to determine exactly which Rp gene conveys resistance to these hybrids. Some populations of may infect some of these other Rp genes. For example, the hybrid GH 0 was Rp-resistant in one trial when the new race was present, but it was infected by and had a moderately resistant () reaction in one trial when the new race was not present.

3 Two-hundred and twenty of the hybrids evaluated for common have Rp-resistance. Rp-resistance in of these hybrids is conveyed by a gene (probably Rp-D) that is not effective against biotypes of P. sorghi that are virulent against Rp-D. These are designated with the letter D. Hence they have different reactions depending on whether or not virulence is present in the population of P. sorghi. Thirty-nine hybrids were Rp-resistant against the old race but have not been evaluated against the new race (designated with an asterisk). Ten hybrids were resistant against the new race (designated with an X ). Of the hybrids that did not have Rp-resistance, had R-MR or MR reactions and had reactions that ranged from MS to S. Among the Rp-resistant hybrids that have been evaluated against the new race, 0 are Rp-resistant, have MR or R-MR reactions, and have reactions that range from MS to S. Northern leaf blight. Of hybrid evaluated for NLB, have reactions that range from R to MR. Many of these hybrids have NLB resistance conveyed by the Ht genes, Ht or HtN. Yield of hybrids with R to MR reactions will be affected very little by NLB unless environmental conditions are extremely favorable for disease development. NLB reactions of 0 hybrids range from MS to S. Yield of these hybrids can be reduced substantially by NLB. Stewart s. Of hybrids evaluated for Stewart s, have R to MR reactions that should limit systemic infection under most situations although some systemic infection and yield reduction may occur on these hybrids if flea beetles feed on emerging seedlings. This usually occurs under extremely dry conditions when populations of flea beetles are very large. Stewart s reactions of hybrids range from M to S. Stewart s infection can be systemic on these hybrids with a higher incidence and severity of systemic infection for hybrids that are more susceptible. Maize dwarf mosaic. Only 0 of hybrids evaluated for MDM have reactions that are MR or better. Another hybrids have reactions that range from MR-M to M. The majority ( of ) of the hybrids evaluated are susceptible to this viral disease. Although reactions of hybrids to various strains of MDM have not been differentiated, MDM resistance in some hybrids may differ between MDMV-A and SCMV-MB (i.e., MDMV-B). Southern leaf blight. Over a third ( of ) of the hybrids evaluated have R to MR reactions to SLB. Only hybrids have reactions that range from MS to S. Anthracnose leaf blight, southern, and gray leaf spot. Fewer hybrids have been evaluated for reactions to ALB, southern and than for other diseases. With the exception of one hybrid (Sure Gold) that has Rpp-resistance to southern, none of the hybrids are highly resistant to southern or. In fact, the reactions of most hybrids to these two diseases range from M-MS and S. Of hybrids evaluated for ALB, have reactions from MS to S and have reactions from R to MR. Table. Reactions of commercially-available hybrids to diseases in the UI disease nurseries from to 00 Number of hybrids in each reaction category Rp Resistant Moderately resistant Moderate Moderately susceptible Susceptible 0 Common Rp-D-virulent* NLB 0 Stewart s MDM 0 0

4 SLB 0 0 ALB Southern Classification: 0 - Rp-resistance, - resistant, - moderately resistant, - moderate, - moderately susceptible, - susceptible. * Reactions of Rp-resistant hybrids to biotypes of P. sorghi virulent against the Rp-D gene.

5 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Yellow sugary Rog su Y Bold D HM su Y Bonanza Rog su Y Bonus D Sem su Y Chase Sem su Y Commander Cr su Y Conquest D HM su Y Cornucopia * Rog su Y Dallas DM su Y DMC 0- * DM su Y DMC 0- D HM su Y Dynamo D Cr su Y Earlivee 0 HM su Y Early Gold Rog su Y Early Sunglow Sem su Y El Toro D Cr su Y Eliminator D Rog su Y Elite D Sem su Y Esquire D HM su Y Excalibur D HM su Y Excellency D HM su Y FMX D HM su Y FMX D Rog su Y GH 0 A Rog su Y GH 0 A D Rog su Y GH 00 A * Rog su Y GH 0

6 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Rog su Y GH Rog su Y GH 0 X Rog su Y GH X Rog su Y GH 0 X Rog su Y GH X Rog su Y GH D Rog su Y GH * Rog su Y GH 0 D Rog su Y GH Rog su Y GH 0 Rog su Y GH 0 * Rog su Y GH 0 X Rog su Y GH 0 * Rog su Y GH D Rog su Y Golden Queen GG su Y Green Giant Code GG su Y Green Giant Code GG su Y Green Giant Code GG su Y Green Giant Code GG su Y Green Giant Code GG su Y Green Giant Code * GG su Y Green Giant Code GG su Y Green Giant Code D GG su Y Green Giant Code GG su Y Green Giant Code GG su Y Green Giant Code D GG su Y Green Giant Code D

7 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 GG su Y Green Giant Code 0 D GG su Y Green Giant Code D GG su Y Green Giant Code D GG su Y Green Giant Code D GG su Y Green Giant Code D GG su Y Green Giant Code * GG su Y Green Giant Code GG su Y Green Giant Code D GG su Y Green Giant Code D GG su Y Green Giant Code GG su Y Green Giant Code D GG su Y Green Giant Code D GG su Y Green Giant Code D GG su Y Green Giant Code GG su Y Green Giant Code D GG su Y Green Giant Code GG su Y Green Giant Code D GG su Y Green Giant Code D GG su Y Green Giant Code D Rog su Y Heritage D HM su Y HMX 0 D HM su Y HMX 0 D HM su Y HMX D HM su Y HMX D HM su Y HMX D HM su Y Insignia D

8 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Rog su Y Jubilee HM su Y Legacy D HM su Y Lexus * HM su Y Lumina D Sem su Y Merit SnR su Y Prelude Sem su Y Reveille Rog su Y Reward-C Sem su Y Rival Sem su Y RSR D Sem su Y RX 0 D 0 Sem su Y Seneca Chief Sem su Y Seneca Horizon Sem su Y Sequel R * HM su Y Shield Crest * Rog su Y Spirit Rog su Y Sprint D HM su Y Stylepak Sem su Y SVR 00 Sem su Y SVR 00 D Sem su Y SVR 000 D Sem su Y SVR D Sem su Y SVR D Sem su Y SVR D Sem su Y SVR D Sem su Y SVR D Sem su Y SVR

9 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Sem su Y SVR D Sem su Y SVR D Sem su Y SVR 0 Sem su Y Tracer * SnR su Y UY 0NE Rog su Y Viking SnR su Y VY 0 NG SnR su Y VY NG D Bi-color sugary Rog su B BC Rog su B Bi Queen Cr su B Honey & Cream Cr su B Quickie 0 White sugary Rog su W Early Cogent GG su W Green Giant Code GG su W Green Giant Code Rog su W Silver Queen Rog su W Sterling Rog su W WH 0 D Yellow sugary enhancer Cr se Y Blaze Cr se Y Bodacious Cr se Y Bodacious R D Sdw se Y Breeders Choice Cht se Y Buttergold Sem se Y Casino

10 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Sem se Y Champ Mes se Y Chief Ouray Sem se Y Cinch Sem se Y Climax D Sto se Y Custer Sem se Y Dugan Sdw se Y Early Choice Rog se Y Empire D HM se Y Esteem Sem se Y EX 0 * Sem se Y EX 0 Sem se Y EX 0 Sem se Y EX 0 Sem se Y EX 0 D Sem se Y EX 0 D Sem se Y EX D Sem se Y EX Mes se Y Exp 0 Rog se Y GH D Rog se Y GH X Rog se Y GH * Rog se Y GH * Rog se Y GH Rog se Y GH 0 D Cht se Y Golden Chief Sto se Y Grant

11 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Rog se+ Y Honey Select Cr se Y Incredible Cr se Y Incredible R D Cr se Y Intrigue D Mes se Y July Gold Rog se Y Kandy King EH Rog se Y Kandy Korn EH Rog se Y Kandy Kwik Rog se Y Kandy Plus D Sto se Y King Arthur HM se Y Legend Mes se Y Maple Sweet Sem se Y Melody * Mes se Y Merlin Cr se Y Miracle Mes se Y Precocious Sem se Y PX 0 Sem se Y PX 00 Sem se Y Seneca Arrow II Rob se Y Seneca Daybreak Sem se Y Seneca Pronto Sem se Y Seneca PX 00 Sem se Y Seneca SX 0 SEY Sem se Y Seneca SX 0 SEY Sem se Y Seneca SX 00 SEY HM sb Y Sugar Ace SB Cr se Y Sugar Buns

12 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 AC se Y Summer Flavor Y AC se Y Summer Flavor Y AC se Y Summer Flavor Y HM se Y Sundial * Mes se Y Sunray Sem se Y SVR Sem se Y SVR 0 Sem se Y SVR 0 Sem se Y SVR D HM se Y Sweet Cheeks HM se Y Sweet Dawn HM se Y Sweet Riser Mes se Y Tablemaster Rog se Y Tendertreat EH HM se Y Topacio D 0 Mes se Y Tuxedo Mes se Y Welcome TSW Bi-color sugary enhancer Mes se B Accord Sto se B Aladdin Cr se B Ambrosia 0 Rog se B BC 00 A Rog se B BC 0 D Cht se B Bi Licious Cr se B Bojangles Mes se B Bon Apetit TSW

13 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Cr sb B Bravado Sdw se B Breeders Bicolor Mes se B Brocade Mes se B Buckeye Sem se B Calico Belle JS se B Clockwork Sto se B Cochise Cr se B D Artagnan Cr se B Delectable Mes se B Double Gem Cr se B Early Ambrosia Sdw se B Ecstase II Mes se B Encore Sem se B EX 0 D Sem se B EX 0 Sem se B EX Sem se B EX Sem se B EX Sem se B EX 0 * Sem se B EX D Sem se B EX 0 Sem se B EX Mes se B Exp 0 Mes se B Exp 00 Cr se B Fleet Mes se B Friendship Sto se B Geronimo

14 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 HM sb B HMX 0 BES HM sb B HMX BES HM sb B HMX BSB HM sb B HMX BES Sto se B Ivanhoe Rog se B Jackpot D Mes se B Lancelot Mes se B Luscious TSW Cr se B Mystique Mes se B Native Gem Mes se B Parfait Rog se B Peaches & Cream Mes se B Precious Gem Sem se B PS 0 Sem se B PS 0 Sem se B PS 0 Sem se B PX Sem se B PX 0 Mes se B Rapport Sem se B Seneca Arrowhead Sem se B Seneca Dancer Sem se B Seneca Nation Sem se B Seneca PS 0 Sem se B Seneca Spring Sem se B Seneca SX 0 SEB Sem se B Seneca SX 0 SEB

15 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Sem se B Seneca Tomahawk Rob se B Seneca Wardance Sem se B Sensor 0 Rog se B Serendipity HS se B Sir Prize Sto se B Speedy Sweet Cht se B Sugar Baby AC se B Summer Flavor BC Sem se B Sunset Sem se B SVR 00 D Sem se B SVR 00 D Sem se B SVR HM sb B Sweet Chorus HM sb B Sweet Rhythm HM sb B Sweet Symphony Sem se B Temptation Cr se B Trinity Sem se B Wizard Mes se B Yankee Gem White sugary enhancer Sdw se W H Sdw se W H0 Sdw se W Sdw se W Cr se W Alexis Cr se W Argent 0 Mes se W Avalanche

16 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 HM se W Brilliance Sem se W Celebration Mes se W Cloud Nine TSW Rog se W Cotton Candy Eh Sem se W EX 0 Sem se W EX D Sem se W EX Sem se W EX Sem se W EX Sem se W EX Mes se W Exp 0 Sdw se W Faith Sem se W Fantasia Cr se W Frosty HM se W HMX 00 WE Mes se W Imaculata Sdw se W Rising Star Sem se W Seneca Sensation Sdw se W Silver Choice Rog se W Silver King Rog se W Silver Knight Rog se W Silver Princess HM se W Silverado Sem se W Snowbelle Mes se W Sugar Snow II AC se W Summer Flavor W

17 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 AC se W Summer Flavor W HM se W Sweet Ice HM se W Sweet Satin Sem se W Viva Red sugary enhancer Sem se R EX 00 Sem se R Sweet Scarlet Yellow shrunken- AC sh Y ACX D AC sh Y ACX 0 D AC sh Y ACX 0 D AC sh Y ACX D AC sh Y ACX D AC sh Y ACX D AC sh Y ACX CN * AC sh Y ACX CN 0 Cr sh Y Assure D Sdw sh Y Astro HM sh Y Bandit D Sem sh Y Brigadier Sem sh Y Brut Sem sh Y Challenger IFS sh Y Chieftain D Cr sh Y Crisp n Sweet 0 Cr sh Y Crisp n Sweet 0 RR D Cr sh Y Crisp n Sweet 0A

18 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Cr sh Y Crisp n Sweet 0ARR D Rog sh Y Cronus D HM sh Y Day Star 0 Sem sh Y Diva D IFS sh Y Early Extra Sweet IFS sh Y Early Illini Sem sh Y Endeavor Sdw sh Y Envy D Sem sh Y EX 00 D Sem sh Y EX Sem sh Y EX * Sem sh Y EX 0 D Sem sh Y EX D Sem sh Y EX Sem sh Y EX D Sto sh Y Extra Early Super Swe Sdw sh Y Flagship II D IFS sh Y Florida Staysweet HM sh Y FMX IFS sh Y Fortune * GG sh Y Green Giant Code 0 D GG sh Y Green Giant Code 0 D GG sh Y Green Giant Code GG sh Y Green Giant Code GG sh Y Green Giant Code Rog sh Y GSS 0 A X Rog sh Y GSS 0 A *

19 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Rog sh Y GSS 0 A X Rog sh Y GSS 0 A * Rog sh Y GSS 0 A X Rog sh Y GSS Rog sh Y GSS D Rog sh Y GSS Rog sh Y GSS 0 * Rog sh Y GSS Rog sh Y GSS D Rog sh Y GSS D Rog sh Y GSS Rog sh Y GSS D Rog sh Y GSS Rog sh Y GSS Rog sh Y GSS D Rog sh Y GSS D Rog sh Y GSS R Rog sh Y GSS * HM sh Y HM 0 HM sh Y HMX 0 S D HM sh Y HMX 0 S D HM sh Y HMX 0 S D HM sh Y HMX S D HM sh Y HMX S D Sak sh Y Honey 0 Sak sh Y Honey 00 Sak sh Y Honey Bantam 0

20 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 SnR sh Y HY ND SnR sh Y HY NF SnR sh Y HY NG D SnR sh Y HY NG D IFS sh Y Illini Extra Sweet Rog sh Y Impulse Sak sh Y K-0 HM sh Y Kandy Kiss Rog sh Y Krispy King Cr sh Y Marvel D Sem sh Y Maverick Sem sh Y Mecca * Cnt sh Y Mirai 00 Cnt sh Y Mirai 00 Cnt sh Y Mirai 00 Cnt sh Y Mirai 00 Cr sh Y Missouri HM sh Y Morning Star D Sto sh Y Northern Supersweet Sem sh Y Oh So Sweet HM sh Y Paksweet Rog sh Y Prime Plus D Rog sh Y Primetime AC sh Y Pro Sweet R * Sem sh Y PS 00 Sem sh Y Punchline

21 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Sem sh Y PX Sem sh Y PX D Sem sh Y PX Rog sh Y Royal Sweet D HM sh Y Rustler D Cr sh Y Samson D Sdw sh Y Saturn IFS sh Y Sch 00 IFS sh Y Sch 0 IFS sh Y Sch 0 IFS sh Y Sch 00 IFS sh Y Sch IFS sh Y Sch IFS sh Y Sch 0 IFS sh Y Sch 00 IFS sh Y Sch 0 * IFS sh Y Sch 0 0 IFS sh Y Sch 0 * IFS sh Y Sch 0 * IFS sh Y Sch 0 D IFS sh Y Sch 0 * IFS sh Y Sch D IFS sh Y Sch D IFS sh Y Sch 00 RR D IFS sh Y Sch Sem sh Y Shaker R Sem sh Y Sheba

22 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Sem sh Y Shimmer D Rog sh Y Showcase Sem sh Y Stetson D Rog sh Y Sucro Rog sh Y Sugar AC sh Y Summer Sweet 0 AC sh Y Summer Sweet 00 AC sh Y Summer Sweet 00 R D AC sh Y Summer Sweet 00 AC sh Y Summer Sweet 0 AC sh Y Summer Sweet 0 0 AC sh Y Summer Sweet AC sh Y Summer Sweet 00 AC sh Y Summer Sweet 00 R D HM sh Y Sun Volt D Sak sh Y Super Honey Bantam Rog sh Y Supersweet Jubilee Rog sh Y Supersweet Jubilee Plus D HM sh Y Suregold D 0 Sem sh Y SVR 00 Sem sh Y SVR 00 Sem sh Y SVR 00 Sem sh Y SVR 00 D Sem sh Y SVR 000 D Sem sh Y SVR 000 D Sem sh Y SVR D

23 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Sem sh Y SVR 0 D Sem sh Y SVR 0 D Sem sh Y SVR D HM sh Y Sweetear HM sh Y Swifty * HM sh Y Ultimate 0 HM sh Y Victor Sem sh Y XP D Sem sh Y XPH 0 Sem sh Y XSC 00 * IFS sh Y XTH 00 IFS sh Y XTH 00 * IFS sh Y XTH 0 IFS sh Y Xtra Sweet 0 0 IFS sh Y Xtra Tender A IFS sh Y Xtra Tender A IFS sh Y Xtra Tender A IFS sh Y Xtra Tender A IFS sh Y Xtra Tender A IFS sh Y Xtra Tender A IFS sh Y Xtra Tender A D HM sh Y Zenith Bi-color shrunken- AC sh B ACX 0 AC sh B ACX D AC sh B ACX 0 HM sh B Amaizingly Sweet *

24 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Rog sh B Bi Time Sdw sh B Bicolor Saturn Rog sh B Big Time D Sem sh B Binar Sem sh B Broadway D Rog sh B BSS 0 VP A X Rog sh B BSS 0 Rog sh B BSS Rog sh B BSS Rog sh B BSS Sem sh B Cabaret HM sh B Candy Corner D HM sh B Candy Store IFS sh B Chieftain BC * HM sh B Confection Rog sh B Cupola Sem sh B Dazzle HM sh B Double Dots IFS sh B Eagle IFS sh B Early Illini BC IFS sh B Everprime Sem sh B EX Sem sh B EX D HM sh B Fantasy Sem sh B Festival IFS sh B Fortune BC

25 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 IFS sh B Fresh Start SnR sh B HB 00 NG D IFS sh B Headliner RR D IFS sh B Heavyweight HM sh B HMX BS HM sh B HMX BS * HM sh B HMX BS D HM sh B HMX BS D HM sh B HMX BS Sem sh B Hollywood D IFS sh B Honey n Pearl IFS sh B Jumpstart IFS sh B Jumpstart RR * Sem sh B Madonna IFS sh B Majesty Sto sh B Milk n Honey II IFS sh B Nordic Sem sh B Obsession D IFS sh B Odyssey D Sak sh B Peter 0 Sak sh B Peter Sak sh B Peter Sak sh B Peter 0 imp Sak sh B Peter Early No. Sak sh B Petercorn Cr sh B Phenomenal Sem sh B Princeton

26 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Sem sh B PS 00 Sem sh B PS 0 D Sem sh B PX IFS sh B Radiance IFS sh B Sch 0 IFS sh B Sch IFS sh B Sch IFS sh B Sch IFS sh B Sch IFS sh B Sch * IFS sh B Sch 0 IFS sh B Sch D IFS sh B Sch 00 IFS sh B Sch 00 IFS sh B Sch 00 IFS sh B Sch 00 IFS sh B Sch 0 Sem sh B Seneca SX 0 SSB Sdw sh B Starpak Sdw sh B Starship II D AC sh B Summer Sweet 0 AC sh B Summer Sweet 0 AC sh B Summer Sweet 0R Sem sh B SVR 00 D Cr sh B Tango Rog sh B Tethys HM sh B Twin Star D

27 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 HM sh B Twosome Sem sh B XPH 0 IFS sh B XTH 00 IFS sh B XTH 00 IFS sh B XTH 0 IFS sh B XTH 0 IFS sh B XTH IFS sh B XTH IFS sh B XTH IFS sh B XTH IFS sh B Xtra Tender 0A IFS sh B Xtra Tender A IFS sh B Xtra Tender A IFS sh B Xtra Tender A IFS sh B Xtra Tender A IFS sh B Xtra Tender A IFS sh B Xtra Tender A IFS sh B Xtra Tender A IFS sh B Xtra Tender A D Sak sh B Yumeno Sak sh B Yumeno corn D White shrunken- Rog sh W Aspen Rog sh W Boreal D Sem sh W Crystal IFS sh W Crystal Cream

28 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Sem sh W Dreamer Sem sh W Even Sweeter 0 Sem sh W EX 0 Sem sh W EX 0 D IFS sh W First Class IFS sh W First Snow HM sh W FMX D HM sh W FMX HM sh W HMX 0 WS D Cr sh W How Sweet It Is SnR sh W HW NF SnR sh W HW NF HM sh W Ice Queen D IFS sh W Majesty W Sak sh W Millennium D IFS sh W Nova Sem sh W PS 0 Sem sh W PS 00 Sem sh W Seneca PX 0 Sem sh W Seneca SX 0 SSW HM sh W Silver Dollar IFS sh W Snow Storm HM sh W Snow White Rog sh W Snowmass Sem sh W Sugar Bowl AC sh W Summer Sweet AC sh W Summer Sweet

29 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 AC sh W Summer Sweet AC sh W Summer Sweet Ultra AC sh W Summer Sweet 0 AC sh W Summer Sweet 0 Sem sh W SVR 000 D Sem sh W SVR 00 D Sem sh W SVR 00 Sem sh W SVR 00 D HM sh W Sweet Magic IFS sh W Treasure Rog sh W Vail Sdw sh W White Saturn Rog sh W Windham D Rog sh W WSS D Rog sh W WSS 0 Rog sh W WSS D Rog sh W WSS 0 D IFS sh W XTH 00 IFS sh W XTH 00 IFS sh W Xtra Tender A IFS sh W Xtra Tender A IFS sh W Xtra Tender A IFS sh W Xtra Tender A IFS sh W Xtra Tender A D Multi-colored shrunken- HM sh M Indian Summer

30 Reactions of sweet corn hybrids in the University of Illinois disease nursery from to 00 Brittle UHA bt Y x ba UHA bt Y ba x KbtL UHA bt Y ba x 0 UHA bt Y Hic x Hic Rog bt Y Sugar bt UHA bt B KSS x Hiy UHA bt W Hawaii # Silver

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