Zingiber nudicarpum d. Fang (zingiberaceae), a newly recorded species for Vietnam

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1 Bioscience Discovery, 8(1):01-05, Jan RUT Printer and Publisher Print & Online, Open Access, Research Journal Available on ISSN: (Print); ISSN: X (Online) Research Article Zingiber nudicarpum d. Fang (zingiberaceae), a newly recorded species for Vietnam Ngọc-Sâm Lý 1*, Văn-Sơn Đặng 1, Đăng-Giáp Đỗ 1, Trọng-Tuấn Trần 1, Ngọc-Đài Đỗ 2, Danh-Hùng Nguyễn 3 1 Institute of tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 85 Trần Quốc Toản road, District 3, Hochiminh City. * lysamitb@gmail.com 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Nghe An College of Economics, 51 Lý Tự Trọng, Vinh City, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam 3 Pù Hoạt Nature Reserve, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam Article Info Received: , Revised: , Accepted: Keywords: New record, section Zingiber, Vietnam, Zingiberaceae Abstract Zingiber nudicarpum D. Fang was recently discovered from central Vietnam. This increases the total number of Zingiber species in Vietnam to 33. A full description, a colour plate, a distribution map, habitat, phenology, conservation status, and notes on this species are given. Key works: INTRODUCTION Zingiber Mill. is a genus of gingers found in pantropical Asia. The genus comprises of about 144 species (Govaerts et al., 2015), ranging from India to Japan and Southeast Asia with the centre of biodiversity of the genus represents in the Indochinese Peninsula and southern China (Wu and Larsen, 2000; Triboun et al., 2014). Gagnepain (1908) published the first comprehensive treatment on the Indochinese Zingiberaceae family in which he recognised 12 species of the Zingiber species. Leong-Škorničková and Newman (2015) have recently estimated at least 20 Zingiber species in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phạm (2003) reported 11 species of Zingiber in his account of Zingiberaceae for Flora of Vietnam. Current 32 Zingiber species are known from Vietnam (Gagnepain, 1908; Phạm, 2000; Nguyễn, 2011; Leong-Škorničková et al., 2015b; Lý, 2016; Lý et al., 2016), which belong to four sections namely Zingiber section Cryptanthium Horaninow, Zingiber sect. Dymczewiczia (Horaninow) Bentham & Hooker, Zingiber sect. Pleuranthesis Bentham & Hooker and Zingiber sect. Zingiber (Horaninow, 1862; Bentham and Hooker, 1883). During past decay, ginger explorations in Central Vietnam led to several description of new taxa to science and new records for Vietnam (e.g. Leong- Škorničková and Lý, 2010; Leong-Škorničková et al., 2011, 2015a,b; Lý, 2016; Lý et al., 2016). A Chinese species, Zingiber nudicarpum D. Fang, was also discovered and collected in the forest protected areas in Pù Huông and Pù Hoạt Nature Reserves (NR) (Nghệ An Province (Prov.)), Phong Nha Kẻ Bàng National Park (NP) (Quảng Bình Prov.), Sao La NR (Quảng Nam Prov.), Mount Dầu (Quảng Ngãi Prov.), and Bạch Mã NP and Nam Đông District (Thừa Thiên Huế Prov.) during field trips in This species was previously known as an endemic species from southern China, but now is an additional species to the flora of Vietnam. MATERIAL AND METHODS All measurements and descriptions were made from mature and living plants, herbarium specimens and 1 ISSN: X (Online)

2 spirit material preserved in 70% ethanol from Vietnam. The terminology in general follows Beentje (2010). The recognition of labellum and lateral staminodes as separate structures and the methodology of the measurements follow the recent work of Bai et al. (2015). The cited specimens were preserved in the VNM herbarium, Institute of Tropical Biology and Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery (FAFF), Nghệ An College of Economics. TAXONOMIC TREATMENT Zingiber nudicarpum D. Fang, Guihai 2(3): 139 (1982). Type: China, Guangxi Province, Baise Xian, Nabi, alt. 340 m, D.H. Qin et R.Z. Huang (Holotype: GXMI!). Fig.1. Rhizomatous herb up to 2.8 m tall, forming small clumps, with up to 6 leaf shoots per each clump. Rhizome branched, cm diam., cm between leafy shoots arising from the same rhizome, externally whitish (young rhizomes) to brown (older rhizomes), internally cream, aromatic, covered with light brown triangular scales, cm long, glabrous, soon decaying. Leafy shoots arching, composed of leaves, approximately basal ½ to ⅓ of pseudostem leafless, base swollen to 3 cm diam.; bladeless sheaths 6 8, m long, dark green or faint dark purple-green tinge, lower ones red-brown or red, externally sparsely pubescent, internally glabrous; leaf sheaths green to dark purplish-green, glabrescent at base, sparsely pubescent towards the petiole. Ligules shallowly bilobed, 3 4 mm long, translucent white or reddishwhite tinge, sparsely white pubescent, apex rounded; petiole reduced to a light green pulvinus, white pubescent; lamina elliptic-oblong, cm, adaxially green, glossy and glabrous, abaxially light green and sparsely white pubescent throughout, base obtuse, apex attenuate. Inflorescence arising directly from the rhizome near the base, cm long, with 1 2 flowers opening at a time; Peduncle close to the leafy shoot, radical, erect, ca. 1.5 cm, covered by 8 11 sheathing bracts, broadly triangular, cm (smaller towards the base), bright red, externally sparsely pubescent; spike cm, fusiform to ovoid, consisting of imbricate floral bracts; bracts enclosing single flower, oblong to obovate-oblong, mm (smaller towards the apex), externally bright red, whitereddish tinge towards base, pubescent, internally paler, glabrous, margins translucent, apex obtuse or rounded; bracteoles narrowly ovate-oblong, Ngọc-Sâm Lý et al., mm, white-reddish tinge with white towards base, externally sparsely pubescent throughout, apex acute, sometimes short bifid 2 3 mm long. Flowers exserted from bracts, to 10 cm long; calyx tubular, mm, translucent white, glabrous, with unilateral incision ca. 18 mm, apex 2-theeth, ca. 2 mm long; floral tube mm long, widening gradually towards apex, white at base, cream-yellow towards the apical part, externally glabrous, internally sparsely puberulous at apex; dorsal corolla lobe triangular-ovate, mm, light cream-yellow with semitranslucent veins, glabrous, apex slightly mucronate, with a short mucro < 1 mm; lateral corolla lobes narrowly ovate, mm, light cream-yellow with semi-translucent veins, glabrous, apex acute; labellum triangular-ovate, mm (34 38 mm broad inclusive of lateral staminodes), slightly concave above the throat, flattening towards apex, cream-yellow at throat, bright purplish-red to dark purplish-red blotches towards the apex, margins slightly emarginated, deflexed and undulate, apex acute; lateral staminodes mm, ovate, whitecream with bright purplish-red to dark purplish-red blotches, connective to the labellum by basal ½ ⅔, apex rounded. Stamen mm long; filament mm long by ca. 2 mm broad, cream-yellow, glabrous; anther mm (crest not straightened), connective tissue cream-yellow with red-purple blotches, glandular hairs; anther thecae mm long, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; anther crest mm long (straightened), wrapped around stigma, red-purple tinge, paler at base, glabrous. Style to 85 mm long (straightened), white with reddish tinge towards the apex; stigma 2 3 ca. 0.4 mm, white, ostiole front facing downwards, with ring of straight ciliates. Epigynous glands 2, subulate, ca mm diam., creamyellow. Ovaries 5 8 ca. 5 mm, cylindrical, white, sparsely pubescent, trilocular with central placentation. Immature fruit obloid or trigonal obvoid capsule, mm, white, glabrous. DISTRIBUTION: China, Vietnam. According to Dr. Jana Leong-Škorničková (Singapore Botanic Gardens, pers. comm.) Zingiber nudicarpum is a widespread species ranging from South China, Laos and Vietnam to Thailand. Vietnam: Nghệ An, Quảng Bình, Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Thừa Thiên Huế (Fig. 2). HABITAT: Terrestrial herb. Growing in secondary and primary broad-leaved evergreen forest on granite and erode crystalline limestone, usually on 2 ISSN: (Print)

3 Bioscience Discovery, 8(1):01-05, Jan Figure 1. Zingiber nudicarpum. A. Habit; B. Leaves; C. Detail of pulvinus and ligules; D. Rhizome and its internal coloration; E. Inflorescence in nature; F. Rhizome with the inflorescences; G. Flower (side view); H. Flower (front view); I. Dissection of flower (from left): bract, flower, bracteole, calyx, dorsal and lateral corolla lobes (centre), labellum with staminodes (above), ovary and dissection of floral tube with stamen attached, ovary with style and epigenous glands; J. Side and front views of anther with anther crests; K. Close-up of ovary and epigenous glands, cross-section of ovary, immature fruit with floral tube. Scale bars: I = cm; J and K = mm. Photos by Ngọc-Sâm Lý. 3 ISSN: (Online)

4 Ngọc-Sâm Lý et al., Figure 2. Distribution map of Zingiber nudicarpum D. Fang in Central Vietnam shady and humid, steep, and near stream from m alt. PHENOLOGY: Flowering in April August, and fruiting in May September. CONSERVATION STATUS: Zingiber nudicarpum has been found in either well protected or non protected areas in the central coastal Provinces, Vietnam where individuals of many populations grow well. Thus, the species is probably not at risk. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Nghệ An Province, Pù Huống NR, Bình Chuẩn Commune, Tông villages, N, E, 214 m alt.,13 April 2015, Đỗ Ngọc Đài, DND 263 (FAFF); Pù Hoạt NR, Nậm Giải Commune, July 2014, Đỗ Ngọc Đài, DND 540 (FAFF); the same locality, July 2014, Nguyễn Danh Hùng, NDH471 (FAFF). Quảng Bình Province, Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng NP, U Bò, N, E, 16 August 2014, Đỗ Ngọc Đài, DND 271 (FAFF). Quảng Nam Province, Sao La NR, July 2012, Đỗ Ngọc Đài, DND 196 (FAFF). Quảng Ngãi Province, Nghĩa Hành District, Hành Tín Đông Commune, Trường Lệ village, Mount Dầu, Đá Bông hill, N, E, 298 m alt., 15 April 2015, Lý Ngọc Sâm, Lý-635(VNM); the same locality, N, E, 463 m alt., 18 May 2015, Lý Ngọc Sâm, Lý-637 (VNM). Thừa Thiên Huế Province, Bạch Mã NP, K16 Mount Bạch Mã, N, E, 1351 m alt., 08 July 2015, Đỗ Ngọc Đài, DND-4040 (FAFF); Nam Đông District, Hương Lộc 4 ISSN: (Print)

5 Commune, N, E, 311 m alt., 13 July 2015, Đỗ Ngọc Đài, DND-4520 (FAFF); Hương Sơn Commune, N, E, 418 m alt., 14 July 2015, Đỗ Ngọc Đài, DND-4527 (FAFF). NOTES: Zingiber nudicarpum was first discovered in Baise County, Nabi Commune, and later in the Longzhou County, Bajiao County, Guangxi province (Fang, 1982). It belongs to Zingiber section Zingiber due to its inflorescence composed of a spike on a long erect peduncle (Haraninow, 1862; Bentham and Hooker, 1883). In China, Zingiber nudicarpum is the firstly species recorded with the rhizome white inside, red inflorescence with large flowers cm long and glabrous, calyx cm long, corolla tube ca. 4.5 cm long, lip with purple spots, and lateral lobes ovate, which make it easy to distinguish from the most closed species, Z. corallinum Hance. In general, the plants in the central Vietnam fit Fang s description but differ in sparsely pubescent on the leaf sheaths, ligules and lamina abaxially (vs. glabrous), bracts oblong with sparsely pubescent on the outer surface (vs. obovate and glabrous), longer calyx with apex 2-teeth, cm long (vs. apex slightly 3-teeth, cm long), labellum with apex acute (vs. apex 2 4-lobes), ovaries sparsely pubescent (vs. glabrous). ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors gratefully acknowledge Prof. Dr. Hoàng Nghĩa Sơn, the director of Institute of Tropical Biology (ITB), for his supported continuing our ginger research, to Mr Trần Văn Hùng for his assistance in the field. This study was funded and supported by the ITB basic research program (No.05/ITB-SHNĐ/24/02/2015), the ITB Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Biotechnology (No.09/TH-SHNĐ/17/03/2016) and the NAFOSTED Fund (Vietnam, Project Nr NN ). The authors are cordially grateful to Dr. Jana Leong-Škorničková (SING) for her constructive comments on the manuscript. RREFERANCES Bai L, Leong-Škorničková J and Xia N, Taxonomic studies on Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) in China I: Z. kerrii and the synonymy of Zingiber menghaiense and Z. stipitatum. Gard. Bull. Singapore, 67: Beentje H, The Kew Plant Glossary, an illustrated dictionary of plant terms (revised edition). Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Kew. Bioscience Discovery, 8(1):01-05, Jan Bentham G and Hooker JD fil, Genera Plantarum, vol. 3 (2). L. Reeve & Co. & Williams & Norgate, London, 811 pp. Fang D, Some new taxa of Zingiberaceae from Guangxi: 4. Guihaia, 2: Gagnepain F, Zingibéracées. In: Lecomte H (ed), Flore Générale de l Indo-Chine, vol. 6. Masson & Co., Paris, pp Govaerts R, Newman M and Lock JM, World Checklist of Zingiberaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Horaninow P, Prodromus monographiae Scitaminearum. Academia Cesareae Scientiarum, St. Petersburg, 45 pp. Leong-Škorničková J, Lý NS, Poulsen AD, Tosh J and Forrest A, Newmania: a new ginger genus from central Vietnam. Taxon 60: Leong-Škorničková J, Lý NS and Nguyễn QB, 2015a. Curcuma arida and C. sahuynhensis, two new species from subgenus Ecomata (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 192 (3): Leong-Škorničková J and Newman M, Gingers of Cambodia, Laos & Vietnam. Singapore Botanic Garden N. Parks Board, Singapore, 232 pp. Leong-Škorničková J, Nguyễn QB, Trần HĐ, Šída O, Rybková R and Trương BV, 2015b. Nine new Zingiber species (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 219: Lý NS, Zingiber skornickovae, a new species of Zingiberaceae from central Vietnam. Phytotaxa, 265(2): Lý NS, Trương BV, Lê TH, Zingiber ottensii Valeton (Zingiberaceae) a newly recorded species for Vietnam. Bioscience Discovery 7(2) (in press). Nguyễn QB, Nghiên cứu phân loại họ Gừng (Zingiberaceae Lindl.) ở Việt Nam [To study of the classification of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae Lindl.) in Vietnam]. PhD dissertation (unpublished). Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, 153pp. Phạm HH, Cây cỏ Việt Nam, an illustrated Flora of Vietnam. Vol. 3. Youth Publisher, Hochiminh City, Pp Triboun P, Larsen K and Chantaranothai P, A key to the genus Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand with description of 10 new taxa. Thai J. Bot., 6(1): Wu TL and Larsen K, Zingiberaceae. In: Wu ZY & Raven PH (eds) Flora of China, vol. 24. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, Pp ISSN: (Online)