THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST VOL. XVI., Plate I.
|
|
- Lindsay Small
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST VOL. XVI., Plate I. Flg. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. DAVEY AND GIBSON My/?/a4 GALE
2 A. J. Davey & C. M. Gibson. 147 NOTE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF SEXES IN MY RICA GALE. BY A. J. DAVEY, M.SC, AND C. M. GIBSON, B.SC. [WITH PLATE I AND ONE FIGURE IN THE TEXT.] M Y RICA GALE, the common Bog Myrtle, is described as typically dicecious, thus agreeing with the majority of the other members of Myricaceae. The present note calls attention to the characters of various types of monoecious individuals and to variations in sex. The occasional occurrence of some expression of the monoecious condition has heen noted by several authors.' Thus Chevalier' mentions the exceptional presence of monoecious shoots, and of androgynous catkins, and Marshall Ward' states that hermaphrodite flowers may occur. Observations during several successive years on a large area of Myrica Gale in the peat moors of Somerset show that there always exists a small proportion of monoecious plants which present all gradations between the normal staminate and pistillate types. The series includes plants bearing catkins which contain hermaphrodite flowers. This has been found to be true as regards other areas in different parts of the country. Further it has been found that the sex (if it may be so termed) of a bush or shoot may vary from year to year. The variations observed during several years have been almost entirely in the direction of change from the pistillate to the staminate condition; but in the present season (1916) several instances of the reverse change have been noted. Tbe Somerset area includes situations differing considerably in level, and consequently differing as regards moisture conditions. The low levels produced by the removal of a considerable depth of peat are always wet and boggy, and are flooded to various depths during the winter; the high levels consist of dry peat which is never flooded. In all situations, staminate plants appear to be more numerous, but the relative proportion of pistillate plants was found to be greater in the wet than in the dry areas. Thus in a dry area Moss, C. E. The Cambridge British Flora. Vol. II., Camb. Univ. Press, 1914, p. 69. ^ Chevalier, Aug. Monographie des Myricacees. Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, XXXII., , p. 178.» Marshall Ward, H. " Trees." Vol. III., Camb. Univ. Press,1905, p. 204.
3 148 A.J. Davey S C. M. Gibson. the proportions were roughly: staminate 75%, pistillate 10%, the remaining!5% being monoecious or hermaphrodite. At the same time, in a very wet area, the proportions were: staminate 56%, pistillate 38%, hermaphrodite or mixed 6%. This represents countings of shoots traceahle to the ground, which cannot with certainty be taken to represent individual plants. Since the staminate plants are always much more vigorous than the pistillate it is prohable that the excess of staminate over pistillate individuals may be more apparent than real, although in the dry levels large areas of plants are met with, in which the pistillate type is almost entirely lacking. As is well known, the catkins are borne towards the ends of special shoots, and up to the time of flowering the staminate catkins are much larger than the pistillate. Tbe bracts of the staminate catkin are broad and spreading, while those of the pistillate catkin are narrow and compactly arranged. In both male and female catkins, the flowers occur singly in the axils of the bracts. The male consists of a group of four (sometimes more) stamens, without scales or bracteoles; the female consists of a bicarpellary ovary flanked by two adnate scales or bracteoles, which enlarge considerably after fertilisation to form the characteristic wings of the fruit. As the pistillate catkin develops its axis lengthens and becomes woody, while its bracts enlarge and become green. The woody axis persists long after the fruit has been shed, thus providing an indication of the amount of fruit that has been set in preious seasons. The monoecious or "mixed" plants may be grouped as follows, but all the types grade into one another. A. Plants or shoots bearing staminate and pistillate catkins of the normal type. These may occur on different shoots, or hoth may be found in the same shoots. Staminate, pistillate and mixed shoots may he found on the same plant. On the mixed shoots staminate catkins are generally found helow, and pistillate ahove, but the reverse order may obtain. Androgynous catkins may be found in the intermediate region. There is much variation in the proportions of the different kinds of shoots present. B. Plants bearing androgynous catkins. These catkins are large and resemble the normal staminate catkins as regards form, and the size and shape of their bracts. Stamens generally occur in the lower part of the catkin and pistils above ; this is the arrangement commonly met with in those species of Myrica
4 The Distribution of Sexes in Myrica Gale. 149 in which androgynous catkins are the rule {e.g. M. conifera, described by Chevalier'). Sometimes the reverse arrangement is found. The middle regions of these catkins may contain hermaphrodite flowers or flowers with rudimentary pistils. C. Plants with shoots the hulk of whose catkins consist of hermaphrodite flowers. The catkins with hermaphrodite flowers are intermediate in size between the normal pistillate and staminate catkins, but may incline towards either kind in form and appearance, according to the nature of the bracts. The larger staminatelike type with broad and wide-spreading bracts is the more common. The pistillate type is smaller and more compact. The hermaphrodite flower contains a centrally placed ovary, similar to that of the normal female flower. Round it there are three or four stamens united to the base of the ovary, and just below these on the very short floral axis are two minute lateral outgrowths, corresponding to the " bracteoles " of the normal female flower. (See Fig. 1.) Both stamen and stigmas are functional, and the flowers are proterogynous. They are capable of producing fruit. PJP 2 Transverse sections of hermaphrodite flower at different levels, showing ovary and four stamens (1, 2, 3, 4, numbered downwards). St style; o, ovary; ov, ovule; /, filament; a, anther; b, bracteole ; JB,'bract. ' Vascular bundles supplying styles are shown blacu. In the upper scales of the catkins various abnormal stages may occur; e.g., a centrally placed pair of stamens, flanked by two 1 Chevalier, loc. cit., p. 229.
5 150 Distribution of Sexes in Myrica Gale. small green scales corresponding in position to the" bracteoles" of the normal female fiower, was found persisting, while fruits were developing in lower parts of the catkin. It is common to find rudimentary ovaries in which the " bracteoles " are replaced by a pair of stamens. Variations in Sex front year to year. Bushes and shoots of various types have been marked and examined in successive years, their previous state as regards fruit production being recorded. There is considerable difficulty in identifying an individual since the plant possesses underground stems. The changes recorded include only sucb as took place on the branches of single shoots traceable to the ground; in a few cases where a tree or a bush is mentioned, reference is made to isolated tree-like plants possessing only one stem or trunk. In fourteen cases clumps or bushes found to be entirely pistillate in 1913 and in 1914, produced staminate catkins in 1915, in some cases abundantly, and in others sparsely. One plant became almost entirely staminate. In some cases staminate shoots were produced, the upper catkins of which were hermaphrodite ; other branches bore pistillate and staminate shoots in about equal numbers, while a few remained for the most part pistillate, producing only a few staminate shoots. Thus sometimes the change may be generally spread over a tree or clump of bushes, while in others only certain shoots may be affected. In the latter case there may be progressive change extending over several seasons, since in successive years the proportion of staminate catkins increased. Thus certain trees and branches which produced abundant fruit in 1913 developed mixed shoots in 1914, and in 1915 had become almost entirely staminate. In 1916, however, some of these showed an increase in the production of pistillate catkins. It would seem that it should be possible to gain some insight into the causes underlying these variations in sex, and to ascertain whether external conditions play any part in determining tbe proportions of the sexes which appear. The conditions which naturally suggest themselves are moisture, temperature, and light (witb their influence on nutrition), and also the previous state of a plant as regards the production of fruit. Since the staminate flowers are developed early in the season preceding that in which they flower, while the pistillate catkins
6 H. Stuart Thompson. 151 develop much later, it is possible that conditions accelerating or retarding the development of catkin buds may influence the proportions of the two kinds. Variations similar to those above recorded for Myrica Gale are described by Chevalier as occurring to a marked extent for certain monoecious species of Myrica (notably il/. cali/ornica, M. conifera and M. pubescens), in which a polygamous condition obtains. Chevalier suggests nutrition as the factor which controls the distribution of the sexes on monoecious individuals in any one season, as well as the changes taking place in different seasons. In conclusion, our thanks are due to Dr. E. N. Thomas for encouragement and helpful criticism. BOTANICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. DESCRIPTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS ON PLATE I. 1. Different kinds of flowering shoots (April, 1913), a, b, c, d, reading from left to right. a. Branch with staminate catkins, showing remains of small amount of fruit of previous years. b. Branch with remains of fruiting catkins (1912) bearing one staminate and two pistillate shoots. c. Branch terminated by fruiting shoot of 1912, below which have arisen shoots bearing staminate and " hermaphrodite ' 'catkins d. Is entirely pistillate, with remains of previous season's fruiting catkins. 2. Fruiting, branch in August, bearing a shoot with young staminate catkins for next season. 3. Branch bearing staminate catkins on 1915 shoots. On the left is a bare persistent staminate shoot of the previous season, and on the right a fruiting shoot showing woody axes of catkins and bracts persisting after the fruit has been shed. RADICAL LEAVES OF PARNASSIA AND VALERIAN A DIOICA. BY H. STUART THOMPSON, F.L.S. [WITH TWO FIGURES IN THE TEXT]. PALUSTRIS CONFUSION may possibly occur between young plants of these two species (which often grow in the same habitat) owing to the superficial similarity of their radical leaves. The writer fell into this mistake two years ago, believing he had gathered the former plant, which had not been recorded from Somerset since
7
ALBINISM AND ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS 1
California Avocado Society 1956 Yearbook 40: 156-164 ALBINISM AND ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS 1 J. M. Wallace and R. J. Drake J. M. Wallace Is Pathologist and R. J. Drake is Principle Laboratory
More informationPecan Pollination. Dr. Patrick Conner University of Georgia, Horticulture Department
Pecan Pollination Dr. Patrick Conner University of Georgia, Horticulture Department Biology of Pollination Pecan has evolved to be cross pollinated, you need two parents to produce a seed. Why? Because
More informationABNORMAL specimens showing concrescence of the two needle
L. A. Boodle. 19 CONCRESCENT AND SOLITARY FOLIAGE LEAVES IN PINUS. BY L. A. BOODLE, F.L.S., Jodyell Laboyatory, Royal Gaydens, Keis. [WITH FOUU FIOURES IN THE TEXT.] ABNORMAL specimens showing concrescence
More informationPart 1: Naming the cultivar
IPC Logo REGISTRATION FORM FOR a CULTIVAR NAME of SALIX L. Nomenclature and Registration Addresses for correspondence: FAO - International Poplar Commission (appointed in 2013 as the ICRA for the genus
More informationFlowers of Asteraceae
Flowers of Asteraceae The 'flower' that you see is actually a head composed of many small florets. The head (capitulum) is an inflorescence and a number of capitula are often aggregated together to form
More informationExamining Flowers and Fruits. Terms. Terms. Interest Approach. Student Learning Objectives. What are the major parts of flowers?
Student Learning Objectives Examining Flowers and Fruits Basic Principles of Agricultural/Horticultural Science Problem Area 4. Identifying Basic Principles of Plant Science Identify the major parts of
More informationWhat Went Wrong with Export Avocado Physiology during the 1996 Season?
South African Avocado Growers Association Yearbook 1997. 20:88-92 What Went Wrong with Export Avocado Physiology during the 1996 Season? F J Kruger V E Claassens Institute for Tropical and Subtropical
More informationChapter from Erythroniums in Cultivation Erythronium revolutum
SRGC ----- Bulb Log Diary ----- Pictures and text BULB LOG 48...2 nd December 2015 Chapter from Erythroniums in Cultivation Erythronium revolutum ERYTHRONIUMS IN CULTIVATION Erythronium revolutum Erythronium
More informationTEMPERATURE CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCE OF AVOCADO FRUIT TISSUE
California Avocado Society 1961 Yearbook 45: 87-92 TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCE OF AVOCADO FRUIT TISSUE C. A. Schroeder and Ernest Kay Professor of Botany. University of California, Los Angeles;
More informationTHE GROWTH OF THE CHERRY OF ROBUSTA COFFEE
THE GROWTH OF THE CHERRY OF ROBUSTA COFFEE L WEIGHT CHANGES CORRELATED WITH WATER AVAILABILITY DURING DEVELOPMENT BY J. DANCER Department of Agriculture, Kawanda Research Station, Kampala, Uganda {Received
More informationTHE MANIFOLD EFFECTS OF GENES AFFECTING FRUIT SIZE AND VEGETATIVE GROWTH IN THE RASPBERRY
THE MANIFOLD EFFECTS OF GENES AFFECTING FRUIT SIZE AND VEGETATIVE GROWTH IN THE RASPBERRY II. GENE I2 BY D. L. JENNINGS Scottish Horticultural Research Institute, Dundee {Received 16 September 1965)...
More informationObservations on Self-Pruning and the Formation of Cleavage Planes
The Ohio State University Knowledge Bank kb.osu.edu Ohio Journal of Science (Ohio Academy of Science) Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 3, Issue 2 (December, 1902) 1902-12 Observations on Self-Pruning and
More informationCoast Live Oak Breaking leaf buds Young leaves Flowers or flower buds Open flowers Pollen release Fruits Ripe fruits Recent fruit drop
Sedgwick Reserve Phenology phenophase descriptions Buckwheat Young leaves Leaves Flowers or flower buds Open flowers Fruits Ripe Fruits Recent fruit drop Coast Live Oak Breaking leaf buds Young leaves
More informationD Lemmer and FJ Kruger
D Lemmer and FJ Kruger Lowveld Postharvest Services, PO Box 4001, Nelspruit 1200, SOUTH AFRICA E-mail: fjkruger58@gmail.com ABSTRACT This project aims to develop suitable storage and ripening regimes for
More informationVariations in the Test of Separator Cream.
Variations in the Test of Separator Cream. One of the greatest problems that has presented itself to the creamery patrons and managers of the West-Central states for the past few years is that of the cause
More informationPlant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II
Plant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II Botanical Name: Abies concolor Common Name: white fir Family Name: Pinaceae pine family General Description: Plants in the genus Abies (fir) do best in the
More informationANNEX XI TO THE DECISION OECD SCHEME FOR THE VARIETAL CERTIFICATION OF MAIZE SEED
ANNEX XI TO THE DECISION OECD SCHEME FOR THE VARIETAL CERTIFICATION OF MAIZE SEED 123 ANNEX XI TO THE DECISION OECD SCHEME FOR THE VARIETAL CERTIFICATION OF MAIZE SEED 124 ANNEX XI TO THE DECISION OECD
More informationIntroduction Methods
Introduction The Allium paradoxum, common name few flowered leek, is a wild garlic distributed in woodland areas largely in the East of Britain (Preston et al., 2002). In 1823 the A. paradoxum was brought
More informationProgress Report on Avocado Breeding
California Avocado Society 1942 Yearbook 27: 36-41 Progress Report on Avocado Breeding W. E. Lammerts Division of Horticulture, University of California, Los Angeles INTRODUCTION It is by now well known
More informationPart I: Floral morphology
OEB 59 Plants and Human Affairs Plant Anatomy Lab 1: Flowers, Fruits and Seeds Objectives of this lab: 1) Explore the structure and function of flowering plant reproductive organs from flower development
More informationMorphological Characteristics of Greek Saffron Stigmas from Kozani Region
Morphological Characteristics of Greek Saffron Stigmas from Kozani Region Theodora Mitsopoulou and Maria Z. Tsimidou Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Chemistry Laboratory of Food Science
More informationChapter 23b-Angiosperms. Double Fertilization The ovule is the site of meiosis and ultimately the formation of the seed.
Chapter 23b-Angiosperms Double Fertilization The ovule is the site of meiosis and ultimately the formation of the seed. The ovule develops one or more layers of sterile tissue, the integuments along with
More informationFor sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C Price 10 cents Stock Number
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 10 cents Stock Number 0101-0222 BUTTERNUT (Juglans cinerea L.) James G. Schroeder 1 DISTRIBUTION
More informationA Note on Avocado Culture in New Zealand
California Avocado Society 1947 Yearbook 32: 108-111 A Note on Avocado Culture in New Zealand Lai-Yung Li* and C. E. Woodhead Plant Diseases Division, Plant Research Bureau, Department of Scientific and
More informationPlant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II
Plant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II Botanical Name: Picea abies Common Name: Norway spruce Family Name: Pinaceae pine family General Description: Picea abies is a large, dark green, pyramidal
More informationPollination of Vegetable Crops
Colleges of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences & Family and Consumer Sciences Pollination of Vegetable Crops Prepared by Robert R. Westerfield, Extension Horticulturist Plants develop seeds through
More informationCan You Tell the Difference? A Study on the Preference of Bottled Water. [Anonymous Name 1], [Anonymous Name 2]
Can You Tell the Difference? A Study on the Preference of Bottled Water [Anonymous Name 1], [Anonymous Name 2] Abstract Our study aims to discover if people will rate the taste of bottled water differently
More informationCODEX STANDARD FOR RAISINS CODEX STAN
CODEX STAN 67-1981 Page 1 of 5 CODEX STANDARD FOR RAISINS CODEX STAN 67-1981 1. SCOPE This standard applies to dried grapes of varieties conforming to the characteristics of Vitis vinifera L. which have
More informationTree reproductive types. Tree bearing habits. Location of flowers
Tree reproductive types Tree bearing habits Perfect flowers male and female flower parts in the same flower. Separate male and female flowers Dioecious male and female flowers on different plants (pistachio)
More informationUnit A: Introduction to Forestry. Lesson 4: Recognizing the Steps to Identifying Tree Species
Unit A: Introduction to Forestry Lesson 4: Recognizing the Steps to Identifying Tree Species 1 Terms Angiosperms Dehiscent fruits Dichotomous venation Dioecious Gymnosperms Hardiness Indehiscent fruits
More informationSTUDIES ON THE CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF SOME SPECIES IN SOLANACEAE. Kanemasa TOKUNAGA
STUDIES ON THE CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF SOME SPECIES IN SOLANACEAE Kanemasa TOKUNAGA INTRODUCTION In Capsicum annuum, there are many garden varieties showing 12 chromosomes in haploid and 24 in diploid (Vilmorin
More informationPRUNUS AMERICANA (ROSACEAE) IN THE ARKANSAS FLORA
Johnson, G.P. 2013. Prunus americana (Rosaceae) in the Arkansas flora. Phytoneuron 2013-33: 1 5. Published 20 May 2013. ISSN 2153 733X PRUNUS AMERICANA (ROSACEAE) IN THE ARKANSAS FLORA GEORGE P. JOHNSON
More informationPlant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II
Botanical Name: Pinus ponderosa Common Name: ponderosa pine, western yellow pine Family Name: Pinaceae pine family Plant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II General Description: As the botanical and
More informationGrowing divergence between Arabica and Robusta exports
Growing divergence between Arabica and Robusta exports In April 218, the ICO composite indicator decreased by.4% to an average of 112.56, with the daily price ranging between 11.49 and 114.73. Prices for
More informationGasoline Empirical Analysis: Competition Bureau March 2005
Gasoline Empirical Analysis: Update of Four Elements of the January 2001 Conference Board study: "The Final Fifteen Feet of Hose: The Canadian Gasoline Industry in the Year 2000" Competition Bureau March
More informationSTEM ELONGATION AND RUNNERING IN THE MUTANT STRAWBERRY, FRAGARIA VESCA L.
Euphytica 22 (1973) : 357-361 STEM ELONGATION AND RUNNERING IN THE MUTANT STRAWBERRY, FRAGARIA VESCA L. A R B O R EA STAUDT C. G. GUTTRIDGE Long Ashton Research Station, University of Bristol, England
More information7. LOCALIZATION OF FRUIT ON THE TREE, BRANCH GIRDLING AND FRUIT THINNING
The Division of Subtropical Agriculture. The Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research 1960-1969. Section B. Avocado. Pg 60-68. 7. LOCALIZATION OF FRUIT ON THE TREE, BRANCH GIRDLING AND FRUIT THINNING
More informationTHE EFFECT OF GIRDLING ON FRUIT QUALITY, PHENOLOGY AND MINERAL ANALYSIS OF THE AVOCADO TREE
California Avocado Society 1971-72 Yearbook 55: 162-169 THE EFFECT OF GIRDLING ON FRUIT QUALITY, PHENOLOGY AND MINERAL ANALYSIS OF THE AVOCADO TREE E. Lahav Division of Subtropical Horticulture, The Volcani
More informationFIBONACCI SYSTEM IN AROIDS
FIBONACCI SYSTEM IN AROIDS T. ANTONY DAVIS Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, India and T. K. BOSE Royal Agri-Horticultural Society, Calcutta, India INTRODUCTION The Aroids (family Araceae) are a
More informationSELF-POLLINATED HASS SEEDLINGS
California Avocado Society 1973 Yearbook 57: 118-126 SELF-POLLINATED HASS SEEDLINGS B. O. Bergh and R. H. Whitsell Plant Sciences Dept., University of California, Riverside The 'Hass' is gradually replacing
More informationFRUIT GROWTH IN THE ORIENTAL PERSIMMON
California Avocado Society 1960 Yearbook 44: 130-133 FRUIT GROWTH IN THE ORIENTAL PERSIMMON C. A. Schroeder Associated Professor of Subtropical Horticulture, University of California at Los Angeles. The
More informationFALL TO WINTER CRANBERRY PLANT HARDINESS
FALL TO WINTER CRANBERRY PLANT HARDINESS Beth Ann A. Workmaster and Jiwan P. Palta Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison Protection of cranberry plants from frost and freezing temperatures
More informationFigure #1 Within the ovary, the ovules may have different arrangements within chambers called locules.
Name: Date: Per: Botany 322: Fruit Dissection What Am I Eating? Objectives: To become familiar with the ways that flower and fruit structures vary from species to species To learn the floral origin of
More informationPercentage Fruit Set In Avocados (Persea Americana Mill.)
California Avocado Society 1975-76 Yearbook 59: 135-142 Percentage Fruit Set In Avocados (Persea Americana Mill.) Minas K. Papademetriou Department of Crop Science, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine,
More informationIL. l I. j: : ~i~' t 1. Gf1 ' fxcifang_e JAN J.~r1 t ~OMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES. ai~vfr51ty CF PITTSBURGt' LIBRARIES
1 l t 1 t i l I H 1,,. ' :,! ~,. ~. IL. JCd.Motf6t{ j: : ~i~' ~OMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES COl4(78) 588 final Brussels, 9 NoV.ember 1978 \. ai~vfr51ty CF PITTSBURGt' LIBRARIES J.~r1 t 61979 Gf1
More informationBuying Filberts On a Sample Basis
E 55 m ^7q Buying Filberts On a Sample Basis Special Report 279 September 1969 Cooperative Extension Service c, 789/0 ite IP") 0, i mi 1910 S R e, `g,,ttsoliktill:torvti EARs srin ITQ, E,6
More information(Potato) Chips (GB: Crisps), A Product Description
Potato Chips (GB: Crisps) Systems (Potato) Chips (GB: Crisps), A Product Description Definition Chips are thin potato slices that are fried while floating in hot oil. The raw potato slices are fried until
More informationCornaceae dogwood family Cornus florida flowering dogwood
Cornaceae dogwood family Cornus florida flowering dogwood Sight ID characteristics Vegetative Features: Leaf: 2 1/2-5" long, simple, opposite, deciduous, elliptical to ovate with arcuate venation and an
More informationPhylogeny of Eudicots (or Tricolpates) Eudicots (or Tricolpates)
Phylogeny of Eudicots (or Tricolpates) Basal eudicots Ranunculales Proteales Buxales Eudicots (or Tricolpates) Rosids Caryophyllales Asterids After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:
More informationThe Cruel Exploiter- Acacia confusa (Taiwan Acacia)
St. Bonaventure College & High School Searching for Nature Stories 2011 Form6: Group 45 The Cruel Exploiter- Acacia confusa (Taiwan Acacia) Abstract In this project, we are going to investigate whether
More informationSugar maple tree named Legacy
( 1 of 1 ) United States Patent PP4,979 Wandell February 1, 1983 Sugar maple tree named Legacy Abstract This disclosure concerns a new and distinct variety of Acer saccharum (commonly known as sugar maple
More informationUniversity of California Tulare County Cooperative Extension. Thompson Seedless. Frederick L. Jensen, William L. Peacock. Spurs
University of California Tulare County Cooperative Extension Thompson Seedless Frederick L. Jensen, William L. Peacock Pub. TB7-97 Pruning Thompson Seedless is one of the few table grape varieties that
More informationPlant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II
Plant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II Botanical Name: Pinus resinosa Common Name: red pine Family Name: Pinaceae pine family General Description: Pinus resinosa is a rugged pine capable of withstanding
More informationEffects of Preharvest Sprays of Maleic Hydrazide on Sugar Beets
Effects of Preharvest Sprays of Maleic Hydrazide on Sugar Beets F. H. PETO 1 W. G. SMITH 2 AND F. R. LOW 3 A study of 20 years results from the Canadian Sugar Factories at Raymond, Alberta, (l) 4 shows
More informationIntroduction. What is plant propagation? Can be done in one of two ways. The reproduction or increasing in number of plants. Sexual. Asexual.
Plant Propagation Introduction What is plant propagation? The reproduction or increasing in number of plants. Can be done in one of two ways. Sexual. Asexual. Sexual Propagation The propagation or reproducing
More informationArecaceae palm family Washingtonia filifera California fanpalm
Arecaceae palm family Washingtonia filifera California fanpalm Sight ID characteristics Southwestern US Moist soils, streams and narrow mountain canyons; oases Trunk stout, straight, leaves tufted at top,
More informationThe Story of Flowering Plants: flowers, fruits and seeds and seedlings. Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum, University of Michigan
The Story of Flowering Plants: flowers, fruits and seeds and seedlings Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum, University of Michigan And now; SEEDS and PLANT PARTS for 2 nd & 3 rd graders! When
More informationConifers of Idaho. lodgepole pine, shore pine, scrub pine. ponderosa pine, western yellow pine, bull pine
Conifers of Idaho Students of Idaho botany are fortunate in having a high diversity of native cone-bearing plants available for study and enjoyment. This exercise is intended to acquaint you with the more
More informationCommon Name: ELLIOTT S CROTON. Scientific Name: Croton elliottii Chapman. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: ELLIOTT S CROTON Scientific Name: Croton elliottii Chapman Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Euphorbiaceae (spurge) Rarity Ranks: G2G3/S2S3 State
More informationEvaluation of desiccants to facilitate straight combining canola. Brian Jenks North Dakota State University
Evaluation of desiccants to facilitate straight combining canola Brian Jenks North Dakota State University The concept of straight combining canola is gaining favor among growers in North Dakota. The majority
More informationCYPERACEAE SEDGE FAMILY
CYPERACEAE SEDGE FAMILY Plant: annual or more commonly perennial Stem: stem (solid) is termed a culm, simple, mostly erect, often angled (mostly triangular) but some round or angled; some with rhizomes
More informationFACTORS DETERMINING UNITED STATES IMPORTS OF COFFEE
12 November 1953 FACTORS DETERMINING UNITED STATES IMPORTS OF COFFEE The present paper is the first in a series which will offer analyses of the factors that account for the imports into the United States
More informationPeach and Nectarine Cork Spot: A Review of the 1998 Season
Peach and Nectarine Cork Spot: A Review of the 1998 Season Kevin R. Day Tree Fruit Farm Advisor Tulare County University of California Cooperative Extension Along with many other problems, fruit corking
More informationScience of Tray Dried Raisins Bill Peacock and Pete Christensen*
University of California Cooperative Extension Tulare County Grape Notes Volume II, Issue 4 August 05 Science of Tray Dried Raisins Bill Peacock and Pete Christensen* Raisin drying is mostly an "art" based
More informationLevel 2 Mathematics and Statistics, 2016
91267 912670 2SUPERVISOR S Level 2 Mathematics and Statistics, 2016 91267 Apply probability methods in solving problems 9.30 a.m. Thursday 24 November 2016 Credits: Four Achievement Achievement with Merit
More informationBIOLOGY 1101 LAB 8: FLOWERS, FRUITS, AND SEEDS
BIOLOGY 1101 LAB 8: FLOWERS, FRUITS, AND SEEDS READING: Please read pages 316-327 in your text. INTRODUCTION: In seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms), pollination (note spelling) is the mechanism
More informationFLOWERING OF TOMATO IN RELATION TO PRE-PLANTING LOW TEMPERATURES
FLOWERING OF TOMATO IN RELATION TO PRE-PLANTING LOW TEMPERATURES G. Noto; G. La Malfa Istituto di Orticoltura e Floricoltura Università' degli Studi Catania - Italy Abstract The results of two trials carried
More informationPreviously Used Scientific Names: Kalmia angustifolia var. carolina (Small) Fernald
Common Name: CAROLINA BOG LAUREL Scientific Name: Kalmia carolina Small Other Commonly Used Names: Carolina bog myrtle, Carolina wicky, Carolina lamb-kill, Carolina sheep-laurel Previously Used Scientific
More informationBIOL 221 Concepts of Botany (Spring 2008) Topic 13: Angiosperms: Flowers, Inflorescences, and Fruits
BIOL 221 Concepts of Botany (Spring 2008) Topic 13: Angiosperms: Flowers, Inflorescences, and Fruits A. Flower and Inflorescence Structure Angiosperms are also known as the Flowering Plants. They have
More informationPsa and Italian Kiwifruit Orchards an observation by Callum Kay, 4 April 2011
Psa and Italian Kiwifruit Orchards, 2011 The Psa-research programme in New Zealand draws on knowledge and experience gained from around the world particularly in Italy, where ZESPRI, Plant & Food Research
More informationPlant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II
Botanical Name: Pinus densiflora Umbraculifera Common Name: Japanese red pine, tanyosho pine Family Name: Pinaceae pine family Plant Profiles: HORT 2242 Landscape Plants II General Description: Pinus densiflora
More informationWillow Tit Help Guide Three Common Willow Species
Willow Tit Help Guide Three Common Willow Species Although there are other willow species and hybrids, this help guide shows the most commonly encountered willows in the Carbon Landscape Programme area.
More informationINFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT - Wine evaporation from barrels By Richard M. Blazer, Enologist Sterling Vineyards Calistoga, CA
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT - Wine evaporation from barrels By Richard M. Blazer, Enologist Sterling Vineyards Calistoga, CA Sterling Vineyards stores barrels of wine in both an air-conditioned, unheated,
More informationBerberidaceae Barberry Family
Berberidaceae Barberry Family Mostly Asian in distribution, this family is closely allied with the buttercups. Of the 650 species in 13 genera, NS has only three genera and four species. Page 312 Perfect
More informationCUPRESSACEAE CYPRESS FAMILY
CUPRESSACEAE CYPRESS FAMILY Plant: shrubs and small to large trees, with resin Stem: woody Root: Leaves: evergreen (some deciduous); opposite or whorled, small, crowded and often overlapping and scale-like
More informationSRGC Bulb Log Diary ISSN Pictures and text Ian Young. BULB LOG rd April Erythronium hendersonii
SRGC ----- Bulb Log Diary ----- ISSN 2514-6114 Pictures and text Ian Young BULB LOG 14...3 rd April 2019 Erythronium hendersonii Erythronium hendersonii In our garden Erythronium hendersonii is always
More informationTree bearing habits. Tree reproductive types. Location of flowers 2/25/ _Tree_bearing_habits_DeJong 1
Tree bearing habits Tree reproductive types Perfect flowers male and female flower parts in the same flower. Separate male and female flowers Dioecious male and female flowers on different plants (pistachio)
More informationRetailing Frozen Foods
61 Retailing Frozen Foods G. B. Davis Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State College Corvallis Circular of Information 562 September 1956 iling Frozen Foods in Portland, Oregon G. B. DAVIS, Associate
More informationThe Hardy Hornbeam History And Uses Of The Tree In The UK
The Hardy Hornbeam History And Uses Of The Tree In The UK Hornbeams belong to the Birch family of trees, Betulaceae, and are given the scientific name of Carpinus betulus. We begin this review of this
More informationTHE SNACKING TRENDS REPORT. New insights into where, when and why Millennials snack. Brought to you by Welch s Global Ingredients Group
THE SNACKING TRENDS REPORT 2017 New insights into where, when and why Millennials snack Brought to you by Welch s Global Ingredients Group MILLENNIALS: THE INFLUENTIAL SNACKERS Consumer research by Mintel
More informationSTATE OF THE VITIVINICULTURE WORLD MARKET
STATE OF THE VITIVINICULTURE WORLD MARKET April 2018 1 Table of contents 1. VITICULTURAL PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 3 2. WINE PRODUCTION 5 3. WINE CONSUMPTION 7 4. INTERNATIONAL TRADE 9 Abbreviations: kha: thousands
More informationUnited States Standards for Grades of Canned Fruit Cocktail
United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service Fruit and Vegetable Program United States Standards for Grades of Canned Fruit Cocktail Processed Products Branch Effective April
More informationCaffeine And Reaction Rates
Caffeine And Reaction Rates Topic Reaction rates Introduction Caffeine is a drug found in coffee, tea, and some soft drinks. It is a stimulant used to keep people awake when they feel tired. Some people
More informationbroadly winged samaras milky sap stout twigs broad leaves, green on both sides winter buds with only 4-6 scales Acer platanoides Norway Maple
TREES broadly winged samaras milky sap stout twigs broad leaves, green on both sides winter buds with only 4-6 scales Acer platanoides Norway Maple Ailanthus altissima tree of heaven compound leaves with
More informationCorn Growth and Development
Corn Growth and Development Outline Stress and yield loss Growth staging Vegetative stages Reproductive stages Conclusions Stress and crop yield loss At each growth stage of corn, certain aspects of management
More informationSeed Structure. Grass Seed. Matured Florets. Flowering Floret 2/7/2008. Collection of cleaned, mature florets. Grass Flower.
Seed Structure Grass Seed Collection of cleaned, mature florets Matured Florets Bluegrass Fescue Ryegrass Bentgrass Flowering Floret Grass Flower Three stamens Each with one anther and one stigma One ovary
More informationSonoran Bumble Bee. Phenophase Definitions. Activity. Reproduction. Development. (Bombus sonorus)
Sonoran Bumble Bee (Bombus sonorus) As you report on phenophase status (Y, N or?) on the datasheets, refer to the definitions on this sheet to find out what you should look for, for each phenophase in
More informationFruits aid angiosperm seed dispersal by wind or by animals. Fruit development
Fruits aid angiosperm seed dispersal by wind or by animals Fruit development Ovule àseed Entire ovary including ovules à fruit Ovary wall à pericarp The pericarp usually has three layers The exocarp is
More informationFruits can be dry of fleshy
Fruits aid angiosperm seed dispersal by wind or by animals Fruit development Ovule àseed Entire ovary including ovules à fruit Ovary wall à pericarp The pericarp usually has three layers The exocarp is
More informationUnited States Standards for Grades of Italian Sprouting Broccoli
United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service Fruit and Vegetable Programs Fresh Products Branch United States Standards for Grades of Italian Sprouting Broccoli Effective November
More informationPeanut Meal as a Protein. Fattening Hogs in the Dry Lot. Supplement to Corn for AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
BULLETIN No. 224 AUGUST, 1924 Peanut Meal as a Protein Supplement to Corn for Fattening Hogs in the Dry Lot By J. C. GRIMES AND W. D. SALMON AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION of the ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
More informationArecaceae palm family Washingtonia filifera California fanpalm
Arecaceae palm family Washingtonia filifera California fanpalm Sight ID characteristics Southwestern US Moist soils, streams and narrow mountain canyons; oases Trunk stout, straight, leaves tufted at top,
More informationCommon Name: VIRGINIA SPIRAEA. Scientific Name: Spiraea virginiana Britton. Other Commonly Used Names: Appalachian spiraea
Common Name: VIRGINIA SPIRAEA Scientific Name: Spiraea virginiana Britton Other Commonly Used Names: Appalachian spiraea Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Rosaceae (rose) Rarity Ranks: G2/S1
More informationLabor Requirements and Costs for Harvesting Tomatoes. Zhengfei Guan, 1 Feng Wu, and Steven Sargent University of Florida
Labor Requirements and Costs for ing Tomatoes Zhengfei Guan, 1 Feng Wu, and Steven Sargent University of Florida Introduction Florida accounted for 30% to 40% of all commercially produced fresh-market
More informationBrief information about the species status of Utricularia cornigera Studnička.
Brief information about the species status of Utricularia cornigera Studnička. MILOSLAV STUDNIČKA Liberec Botanic Gardens, Purkyňova 630/1, CZ-460 01 Liberec, botangarden@volny.cz Abstract: The carnivorous
More informationNOTES ECONOMIC AND TAXONOMIC ON THE SAW BRIER, SMILAX GLAUCA. W. A. KBLLERMAN. (Plate i.)
24 0. S. U. Naturalist. [Vol. 1, No. 2 NOTES ECONOMIC AND TAXONOMIC ON THE SAW BRIER, SMILAX GLAUCA. W. A. KBLLERMAN. (Plate i.) In a recent trip through some of the southern counties of the State my attention
More informationEXPLORING FOR PERSEA IN LATIN AMERICA
California Avocado Society 1978 Yearbook 62: 60-65 EXPLORING FOR PERSEA IN LATIN AMERICA Eugenio Schieber and G. A. Zentmyer Plant Pathologist, Antigua, Guatemala; and Professor, Department of Plant Pathology,
More informationCommon shrubs shrub-steppe habitats
Common shrubs shrub-steppe habitats Photos (unless noted) by Susan Ballinger Sources for text include: http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php Flora of the Pacific Northwest by
More informationIMPERIAL COLLEGE OP SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE POLLINATION MECHANISM OF ARCTOTIS ASPERA LINN."
2i6 James Small. quoted, except that the pressure difference was 5 cms. gave a reading at 11.25 a.m. of 0'26 seconds per hubble (30 bubbles timed) and by 4.20 p.m. on the same day, tbe time for one bubble
More informationCONIFER EXERCISE. Taxaceae Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew)
CONIFER EXERCISE The common conifers in the Pacific Northwest belong to the following genera*: Abies, Calocedrus, Chamaecyparis, Juniperus, Larix, Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga, Taxus, Thuja, and Tsuga. Most
More information