USE OF PRIMARY AMPELOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTORS IN ESTABLISHING THE SIMILARITY-DIFFERENCE DEGREE BETWEEN VINE VARIETIES WITH DIFFERENT ORIGINS

Transcription

1 Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LVIII, 2014 Print ISSN , CD-ROM ISSN , Online ISSN , ISSN-L USE OF PRIMARY AMPELOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTORS IN ESTABLISHING THE SIMILARITY-DIFFERENCE DEGREE BETWEEN VINE VARIETIES WITH DIFFERENT ORIGINS Marinela STROE, Marius Cristian ANDREI University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Department of Bioengineering of Horticulture-Viticulture Systems 59 Marasti, District 1, , Bucharest, Romania, Phone: / Abstract Corresponding author Vine varieties, no matter which ir production direction may be, are characterized by an emphasized morphologic variability, given by ir genetics, but also by fact that se are influenced in a higher or lower degree by climatic and agro-technical factors, thus manifesting differently, according to crop area. Within this study, it was aimed to morphologically express 'Pinot noir', 'Pinot blanc', 'Pinot gris', 'Chardonnay', 'Traminer rosé' varieties under conditions of experimental field of U.A.S.V.M. Bucharest. The studied varieties show a common lineage and y all show ir stressed character of morphological variability. For ampelographic description, re have been used 37 ampelographic descriptors according to International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV) descriptors as modified by EU project Genres CT96 No81. The achieved results highlight different degrees of similarity of se varieties with 'Pinot noir' variety, taken as standard, and variety with lowest degree of similarity is 'Chardonnay' - with a percentage of only 45.94% compared to standard. Key words: ampelographic descriptors, biodiversity, dissimilarity, morphological, similarity INTRODUCTION Approaching such a me and that is, establishing degree of similarity, dissimilarity respectively, between five varieties of grape using as reference variety variety 'Pinot noir', it can appear as an approach of which end is greatly known. For sure, studies carried out so far (Bowers et al., 1999; Regner et al., 2000; Christensen et al., 2003; Bettiga, 2003; Stroe, 2012) established, over course of time, which is degree of similarity between several varieties of grape. As a matter of fact, this has been a perpetual preoccupation of scientific research, to find out way in which grape varieties appeared, way in which y evolved and ir degree of kinship. Despite all this, grape in general can develop differently, depending upon crop area, both from phenotype and agrobiologic and technological perspective. Practically, within this study re was evaluated morphologic expression of varieties and extent to which it is influenced by crop area, within a comparative system, using as control 'Pinot noir'. In recent years, as result of advanced research, both in terms of establishing genetic origin of varieties and ir degree of relatedness, scheme description used to describe and identify varieties of grape-vines, was confined to a small number of characters analyzed, 147 of total descriptors, restricted scheme comprises of 37 descriptors that highlight and demonstrate in highest degree similarities and differences between m. This has been agreed upon within an agreement with O.I.V., amended by EU, by Genres CT96 No81 Program (Damian et al., 2011; Bergamini et al., 2012). MATERIAL AND METHODS Plant material The research developed in winegrowing year , in experimental field of U.A.S.V.M. Bucharest. The varieties which form object of se researches are: 'Pinot noir', 'Pinot blanc', 'Pinot gris', 'Chardonnay', 'Traminer rosé', varieties 213

2 which are very appreciated by consumers with regard to wines quality and specificity which are obtained from se. The selected type of pruning was Guyot on semi-stem,, planting distance of 2.0/1.22 m, with a load of 30 buds/vine. Ampelographic characterization It was performed comparing morphology y in two consecutive years ( ) by means of primary and secondary descriptors, as indicated in frame of 2 ndd edition of OIV Descriptor List for grape varieties and Vitis species. ( %20Publications/5%20- %201%20Publications%20OIV/EN/5-1- 9_Liste_descripteurs 2ed_EN.pdf). 37 characters were selected: 6 characters for description of shoot - 001, 003, 004, 007, 008, 016; 2 for young leaf - 051, 053; 17 for adult leaf - 065, 067, 068, 070, 072,073, 074, 075, 076, 078, 079, 080, 081-1, 081-2, 083-2, 084, 087; 5 for bunch - 202, 203, 204, 206, for berry - 223, 225, 228, 231, 235, 236; 1 berry: formation of seeds RESULTSS AND DISCUSSIONS Ampelographic characterisation of each variety was performed using 37 markers; as a reference (Table 1, Table 2) are reported data relatedd to varieties that first reached fruit production. As result of interpretation of data in which re can be found synsised schemee of most representative ampelographic descriptorss (37), specific for all organss of vine, this being reduced variantt of establishing degree of similarity dissimilarity between varieties submittedd to study, following have resulted: The variety with highest degree of similarity is 'Pinot blanc' (Figure 2) which has a number of 28 ampelographic characters common to 'Pinott noir', (Figure1) having a degree of 75.67% similarity to it, as follows: in case of young shoot of three studied Figure 1. 'Pinot noir' variety characters, (001 -openingg of shoot tip, intensity of anthocyanin coloration on prostrate hairs of shoot tip, density of prostrate hairs on shoot s tip) 'Pinot blanc' is similar for two of se, that is 001 and 004. In case of young leaf, similarity is at colour of upper sidee of blade (4 th leaf) - 051, and in case of adult shoot of two studied characters similarity iss complete,, that is at e colour of dorsal side of internodes and colour of ventral side of internodes (007, 008). Figure 2. 'Pinot blanc' variety When we talkk about e adult leaf, most representative body of ampelographic recognition, degree of similarity is very high, respectively of 17 studied characters; ; 'Pinot blanc' is similar for a number of 144 characters, which is in a proportion of 83%. 214

3 The similarity can be found in case of size of blade descriptors (065), goffering of blade (072), and area of anthocyaninn colorationn of main veins on upper side of blade end profile of blade in cross section (074). Also, shape of teeth ( 076), as well as degreee of opening overlapping of petiole sinus (079) and shape of base of petiole sinus (080) are similar. At grape-cluster, similarity is a four of five studied characteristics, respectively length (peduncle excluded) (202), width (203) and ir density (204), as well as length of peduncle of primary bunch (206). The berryy is similar in case of four characters out of six, which iss shape (223), intensity of flesh anthocyanin coloration (231) firmness of flesh (235) and particular flavour (236). The seedss are present and fully developed (formationn of seeds 241) this being valid forr all studiedd varieties. Degree of opening overlapping of petiolee sinus (079) as a well as of shape of base of petiole sinus ( 080) and teeth in upper laterall sinuses end density of prostrate hairs between mainn veins on n in upper laterall sinuses end density of prostrate hairs between mainn veins on lower side of bladee (084) is similar. At grape cluster, c similarity is for threee out of five characters, length (pedunclee excluded) (202), width (203) and ir density (204). In case of berries similarity is higher than in case of 'Pinot blanc', latter being similar for five outt of six characters. Thus, shape of berry, skin thickness,, pulp colouring intensity, degree of consistence of o pulpp and taste are similar, only skin colour descriptor beingg different (225). Figure 4. 'Traminer rosé' variety The third is 'Traminer rosé' (Figure 4),, which with a number n of 19 characters, showing a degree of 51.35% similarity, as compared to control variety. Figure 3. 'Pinot gris' variety In case of this variety, similarity can bee found at young y leaf,, adult shoot withh The following variety as degree of similarity is only one character, and at adult leaf ree 'Pinot gris' (Figuree 3) which with a number are seven similar characters, among which: : of 23 characters shows a degree of 62.16% shape of blade (067), area of anthocyanin n similarity, as compared to control variety, coloration of main m veins on upper side of bladee which in case of young shoot s is similar (070), degreee of opening overlapping of for (001 opening of shoot tip end 004 petiole sinus ( 079) end shape of base of petiolee density of prostrate hairs on shoot s tip. sinus (080) and a teeth in upper laterall In case of adult leaf, 'Pinot gris', it is sinuses similar in case of ten characters that iss to The grape cluster of 'Traminer rosé' variety shape of blade (067), profile of blade in cross is similar to that of 'Pinott noir', for three t out of section (074) shape of teeth (076), lengthh of five characters, 202, 203,, 204 (length pedunclee teeth compared with ir width (078).( 215

4 excluded, width and density). For berry, number of characters defining degreee of similarity is three, se being shape - 223, intensity of flesh anthocyanin coloration and particular flavour The highest degree of dissimilarity is represented by 'Chardonnay' (Figure 5),, by 17 characters, leading us to a percentagee of 45.94%, similarity as compared to control. This is similar to control for young shoot, and in case of adult leaf, number of similar characters is only eight. These are represented by undulation of blade between main or lateral veins (073), goffering of blade 072, profile of blade in cross section 074, shape of teeth end length of teeth compared with ir width (076, 078). Shape of base of petiole sinus ( 080) and teeth in upper lateral sinuses (083-2) are identical. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained in case off using reduced scheme whichh contains only 377 ampelographicc descriptors, out of t total of 147, order regarding degree of similarity dissimilarityd y between studiedd varieties is following: 'Pinot blanc' is closest to t control variety with a percentage of 75.67% similarity. The 'Pinot gris' is ranked second with a degree of % similarity, as compared to same variety taken as control. The third in order of similarity is 'Traminerr rosé' with a percentage p of 51.35% similarity,, last being 'Chardonnay' variety, with a degree of similarity of 45.94% as compared to control variety. The results can providee us with a series of information with w regard to varieties origin,, ir degree of kinship, way in which y develop withinn a specificc area and at same time, y demonstrate necessity of closely knowing grape g varieties in general and ir behaviour andd development in a specific area,, in particular. This order is an order which appears almost natural, and which w has its origin in ory that re aree numerouss families and group sorts of varieties, very similar to one anor and that approximatelyy 75% of se are related, whichh indicates to us fact that,, genetics by genome scanning, shall settle potential uncertainties with regard to origin and degree of o kinship in case of grape varieties. Figure 5. 'Chardonnay' variety The grape cluster is similar in casee of width, compactness and shape. The berry of 'Chardonnay' grape cluster is identical to that of 'Pinot noir' regarding shape, colouring intensity of pulp, skin thickness and taste, difference appearingg at code 225 (skin colour) and 235 (degreee of consistencee of pulp). 216

5 Table ampelographic primary descriptors are reported in highlighted columns Varieties Cod OIV Pinot noir (control) Traminer rosé / Pinot gris /3 0/ Chardonnay /2 0/ Pinot blanc /3 2/ Table ampelographic primary descriptors are reported in highlighted columns Varieties /1 081/2 083/ Cod OIV Pinot noir (control) Traminer rosé Pinot gris Chardonnay / Pinot blanc dissimilarity similarity 217

6 REFERENCES Bowers J. et al, Historical genetics: parentage of Chardonnay, Gamayand or wine grapes of norastern France. Bergamini C. et al., Molecular and ampelographic characterization of Vitis vinifera from Lucania (Italy). Organisation Internationale de la Vigneet du Vin, Paris, le 13 mars Bettiga L.J., Comparison of Seven Chardonnay Clonal Selections in Salinas Valley. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 54(3), p Christensen L.P., Dokoozlian N.K., Walker M.A., Wolpert J.A., Wine Grape Varieties in California. Agriculture and Natural Resources Communication Services, University of California. Damian D., Rotaru L., Nechita A., Savin C., Methods and methodologies of description and recognition of grape varieties, Pim Publishing House, Ia i, p Regner F., Wiedeck E., Stadlbauer A., Differentiation and identification of White Riesling clones by genetic markers. Vitis, 39, p Stroe Marinela, Ampelografie. Ceres Publishing House, Bucharest, p O.I.V. 2 nd Edition de la liste des descripteurs O.I.V pour les variétés et éspecés de Vitis.3 Avril, O.I.V. guidelines for studies on effects of climate change in viti viniculture and proposed adaptations. Organisation Internationale de la Vigneet du Vin, Paris, le 13 mars